1
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Quintavalla A, Carboni D, Brusa A, Lombardo M. Selective Hydrofunctionalization of N-Allenyl Derivatives with Heteronucleophiles Catalyzed by Brønsted Acids. J Org Chem 2024; 89:2320-2342. [PMID: 38298114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we present a novel and environmentally sustainable protocol for the γ-hydrofunctionalization of N-allenyl compounds using various heteronucleophiles catalyzed solely by simple Brønsted acids. The method displays remarkable attributes, highlighting its sustainability, efficiency, regio- and stereoselectivity, as well as its versatile applicability to diverse heteroatom-containing enamides. Notably, our approach eliminates the need for metal catalysts and toxic solvents, representing a significant advancement in greener chemistry practices. We demonstrate the broad scope of our protocol by successfully scaling up reactions to gram-scale syntheses, underscoring its robustness for potential industrial implementation. The resulting γ-heterosubstituted enamides offer new possibilities for further synthetic transformations, yielding highly functionalized compounds with diverse applications. Mechanistic investigations reveal the pivotal role of CSA as a catalyst, enabling alcohol addition via a covalent activation mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Quintavalla
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Center for Chemical Catalysis-C3, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Carboni
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Center for Chemical Catalysis-C3, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Brusa
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Lombardo
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Center for Chemical Catalysis-C3, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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2
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Gommenginger C, Hourtoule M, Menghini M, Miesch L. Metal free regio - and stereoselective semireduction of CF 3-substituted N-allenamides. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:940-944. [PMID: 38180315 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01859h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
We developed a chemoselective metal-free access for the 1,2- and 2,3-semireduction of CF3-N-allenamides. The enamide functionality of CF3-substituted N-allenamides could be efficiently reduced by Et3SiH/BF3·OEt2 in total regioselectivity and good stereoselectivity, whereas DBU promoted the isomerization of the resulting allyl amide leading exclusively to the E-configurated enamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Gommenginger
- Equipe Synthèse Organique et Phytochimie, Institut de Chimie, CNRS-UdS, UMR 7177, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, 67081 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Maxime Hourtoule
- Equipe Synthèse Organique et Phytochimie, Institut de Chimie, CNRS-UdS, UMR 7177, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, 67081 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Marco Menghini
- Equipe Synthèse Organique et Phytochimie, Institut de Chimie, CNRS-UdS, UMR 7177, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, 67081 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Laurence Miesch
- Equipe Synthèse Organique et Phytochimie, Institut de Chimie, CNRS-UdS, UMR 7177, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, 67081 Strasbourg, France.
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3
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Zheng Y, Li J, Qi C, Wu W, Jiang H. Rapid assembly of structurally diverse cyanamides and disulfanes via base-mediated aminoalkylation of aryl thiourea. RSC Adv 2023; 13:33047-33052. [PMID: 37954416 PMCID: PMC10632727 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06051a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A general method for the preparation of cyanamides and disulfanes from aryl thiourea and halide through a base-mediated strategy is described. Mercaptan and N-aryl cyanamide are the key intermediates in the reaction. The current method is convenient, eco-friendly, and has high yields for the synthesis of substituted cyanamide and functional disulfanes in a one-pot procedure from readily available starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongpeng Zheng
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Jianxiao Li
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Chaorong Qi
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Wanqing Wu
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
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4
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Wang C, Ma Z, Hou X, Yang L, Chen Y. Research and Application of N-Ts Cyanamides in Organic Synthesis. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202207022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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5
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Facile synthesis of two novel micro Ag-Cyanamide derivatives and different approach of 4-CyBA preparation, characterization and in vitro evaluations (anti-bacterial and toxicity properties). J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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Nasrollahzadeh M, Shafiei N, Orooji Y. Magnetic chitosan stabilized Cu(II)-tetrazole complex: an effective nanocatalyst for the synthesis of 3-imino-2-phenylisoindolin-1-one derivatives under ultrasound irradiation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6724. [PMID: 35468913 PMCID: PMC9038735 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10591-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present research, a recyclable catalyst has been prepared via a simple approach using chitosan as a linear polysaccharide. This paper reports the synthesis of novel copper(II) complex of 5-phenyl-1H-tetrazole immobilized on magnetic chitosan (MCS@PhTet@Cu(II)) as an effective catalyst. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) techniques were applied for the characterization of the catalyst. The catalytic activity of MCS@PhTet@Cu(II) was evaluated in the ultrasound-assisted synthesis of 3-imino-2-phenylisoindolin-1-one derivatives via the reaction between benzoyl chloride and arylcyanamides in ethanol at ambient temperature. Utilizing a wide variety of arylcyanamides under mild conditions, no use of toxic organic solvents, moderate reaction time, high yields along with catalyst excellent reusability and easy separation of the products without any tedious separation techniques, made this method a novel and simple process. The resulting heterogeneous catalyst showed valuable advantages such as easier work-up, better stability, and greater separation ability using an external magnet. The catalyst showed high efficacy and recyclability even after five cycles with no significant loss of its efficacy. The present methodology provides a path for the preparation of structurally diverse heterocyclic compounds, which may exhibit important biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nasrin Shafiei
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Qom, 37185-359, Qom, Iran
| | - Yasin Orooji
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, People's Republic of China.,Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
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7
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Hourtoule M, Zheng Y, Perfetto A, Luise D, Ciofini I, Miesch L. One-Pot anti-Michael Regio- and Stereoselective Hydroamination of Activated N-Allenamides. J Org Chem 2022; 87:5404-5411. [PMID: 35344371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
N-Allenamides, substituted by an ester at the γ-position, were obtained through addition of terminal ynamides with ethyl diazoacetate under copper catalysis for the first time. Regio- and stereoselective hydroamination of those activated N-allenamides provided exclusively E-configured captodative enamimes through a one-pot anti-Michael addition. Numerous ynamides as well as various secondary amines were adapted in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Hourtoule
- Equipe Synthèse Organique et Phytochimie, Institut de Chimie, CNRS-UdS, UMR 7177, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Yongxiang Zheng
- Equipe Synthèse Organique et Phytochimie, Institut de Chimie, CNRS-UdS, UMR 7177, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Anna Perfetto
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Chemical Theory and Modelling Group, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Davide Luise
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Chemical Theory and Modelling Group, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Ilaria Ciofini
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Chemical Theory and Modelling Group, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Laurence Miesch
- Equipe Synthèse Organique et Phytochimie, Institut de Chimie, CNRS-UdS, UMR 7177, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, 67081 Strasbourg, France
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8
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Zheng Y, Moegle B, Ghosh S, Perfetto A, Luise D, Ciofini I, Miesch L. Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of Terminal vs. Fluorine-Substituted N-Allenamides via Addition of Diazo Compounds to Terminal Ynamides. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103598. [PMID: 34826155 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A copper-mediated coupling reaction between ynamides and diazo-compounds to produce N-allenamides is reported for the first time. This method enables facile and rapid access to terminal N-allenamides by using commercially available TMS-diazomethane with wide functional group compatibility on the nitrogen. Furthermore, the ubiquity of molecules containing a fluorine moiety in medicine, in agricultural, and material science requires the continuous search of new building blocks, including this unique surrogate. The CuI/diazo protocol was successfully applied to the synthesis of fluorine-substituted N-allenamides. DFT calculations provided insights in the mechanism involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Zheng
- Equipe Synthèse Organique et Phytochimie, Institut de Chimie, CNRS-UdS, UMR 7177, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, 67081, Strasbourg, France
| | - Baptiste Moegle
- Equipe Synthèse Organique et Phytochimie, Institut de Chimie, CNRS-UdS, UMR 7177, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, 67081, Strasbourg, France
| | - Santanu Ghosh
- Equipe Synthèse Organique et Phytochimie, Institut de Chimie, CNRS-UdS, UMR 7177, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, 67081, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anna Perfetto
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Chemical Theory and Modelling Group, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Davide Luise
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Chemical Theory and Modelling Group, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Ilaria Ciofini
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Chemical Theory and Modelling Group, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Miesch
- Equipe Synthèse Organique et Phytochimie, Institut de Chimie, CNRS-UdS, UMR 7177, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, 67081, Strasbourg, France
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9
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Chen Z, Yuan W. N-Cyanation of Primary and Secondary Amines with Cyanobenzio-doxolone (CBX) Reagent. Chemistry 2021; 27:14836-14840. [PMID: 34390036 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
An efficient electrophilic N-cyanation of amines with a stable and less-toxic cyanobenziodoxole reagent towards the synthesis of cyanamides is disclosed. This synthetically practicable strategy allows the construction of a wide variety of cyanamides under very mild and simple conditions with a broad functional group compatibility, and showcases a huge potential in late-stage modification of complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimin Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Weiming Yuan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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10
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Hussein BRM, Khodairy A. Utility of [4‐(3‐methoxyphenyl)pyrimidin‐2‐yl]cyanamide in synthesis of some heterocyclic compounds. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed Khodairy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Sohag University Sohag Egypt
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11
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12
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Wang CC, Qu YL, Liu XH, Ma ZW, Yang B, Liu ZJ, Chen XP, Chen YJ. Synthesis of Five-Membered Cyclic Guanidines via Cascade [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of α-Haloamides with Organo-cyanamides. J Org Chem 2021; 86:3546-3554. [PMID: 33538590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The convenient preparation of N2-unprotected five-membered cyclic guanidines was achieved through a cascade [3 + 2] cycloaddition between organo-cyanamides and α-haloamides under mild conditions in good to excellent yields (up to 99%). The corresponding cyclic guanidines could be easily transformed into hydantoins via hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Chuan Wang
- Faculty of Science, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, No. 146 Yingcai Street, Zhengzhou 450044, Henan, China.,College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Ya-Li Qu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xue-Hua Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Ma
- Faculty of Science, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, No. 146 Yingcai Street, Zhengzhou 450044, Henan, China
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Zhi-Jing Liu
- Faculty of Science, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, No. 146 Yingcai Street, Zhengzhou 450044, Henan, China
| | - Xiao-Pei Chen
- Faculty of Science, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, No. 146 Yingcai Street, Zhengzhou 450044, Henan, China
| | - Ya-Jing Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
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13
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Duchamp E, Hanessian S. Cyanide-Free Synthesis of Air Stable N-Substituted Li and K Cyanamide Salts from Tetrazoles. Applications toward the Synthesis of Primary and Secondary Cyanamides as Precursors to Amidines. Org Lett 2020; 22:8487-8491. [PMID: 33090802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A practical two-step synthesis of N,N'-disubstituted cyanamides consists in the low-temperature metalation of N-substituted 5H-tetrazoles that undergo spontaneous cycloreversion at 0 °C releasing dinitrogen, and forming N-metalated cyanamides that can be reacted in situ with a variety of electrophiles. Remarkably, the N-substituted Li and K cyanamides are air stable white solids at room temperature. Addition of lithium organometallics to the N,N'-disubstituted cyanamides provides a new method for accessing N,N'-disubstituted amidines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Duchamp
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Succ., Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Stephen Hanessian
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Succ., Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
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14
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Koleoso OK, Turner M, Plasser F, Kimber MC. A complementary approach to conjugated N-acyliminium formation through photoredox-catalyzed intermolecular radical addition to allenamides and allencarbamates. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:1983-1990. [PMID: 32831955 PMCID: PMC7431758 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An intermolecular radical addition, using photoredox catalysis, to allenamides and allencarbamates is reported. This transformation synthesizes N-acyl-N’-aryl-N,N’-allylaminals, and proceeds by a conjugated N-acyliminium intermediate that previously has principally been generated by electrophilic activation methods. The radical adds to the central carbon of the allene giving a conjugated N-acyliminium that undergoes nucleophilic addition by arylamines and alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olusesan K Koleoso
- School of Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.,Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Matthew Turner
- School of Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Felix Plasser
- School of Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Marc C Kimber
- School of Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
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15
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Zhang W, Li T, Wang Q, Zhao W. Lewis Acid‐Mediated Cyanation of Phenols Using
N
‐Cyano‐
N
‐phenyl‐
p‐
toluenesulfonamide. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan University, Changsha Hunan 410082 People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan University, Changsha Hunan 410082 People's Republic of China
| | - Qingli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan University, Changsha Hunan 410082 People's Republic of China
| | - Wanxiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan University, Changsha Hunan 410082 People's Republic of China
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16
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Kondoh A, Ozawa R, Terada M. Synthesis of Trisubstituted Allenamides Utilizing 1,2-Rearrangement of Dialkoxyphosphoryl Moiety under Brønsted Base Catalysis. CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.190489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Kondoh
- Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ozawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Masahiro Terada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
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