1
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Deng SH, Zhao SY, Huang YY, Chang MR, Dong ZB. Glyoxylic Acid Monohydrate-Promoted Formation of the C-SO 2 Bond Starting from Maleimides/Quinones and Sodium Sulfinates. J Org Chem 2023; 88:15925-15936. [PMID: 37939006 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
By using glyoxylic acid monohydrate as a promoter, a wide range of substances containing a C-SO2 bond could be obtained from N-substituted maleimides or quinones and sodium sulfinates. The protocol features mild reaction conditions, short reaction time, and good atomic economics, which provides an alternative protocol for the α-sulfonylation of α,β-unsaturated ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Hao Deng
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Shi-Yi Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Yi-Yun Huang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Meng-Ran Chang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Zhi-Bing Dong
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
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2
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Abstract
We have developed an electrochemical method for the direct C-H sulfonylation of aldehyde hydrazones using sodium sufinates as the sulfonylating agent under supporting electrolyte-free conditions. This straightforward sulfonylation strategy afforded a library of (E)-sufonylated hydrazones with high tolerance of various functional groups. The radical pathway of this reaction has been revealed by the mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Payel Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Alakananda Hajra
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan 731235, India
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3
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Visible-light-induced selective alkylsulfonylation of unactivated alkenes via remote heteroaryl migrations. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
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4
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Zhang J, Liu C, Qiao Y, Wei M, Guan W, Mao Z, Qin H, Fang Z, Guo K. Intramolecular trapping of spiro radicals to produce unusual cyclization products from usual migration substrates. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2461-2466. [PMID: 36873849 PMCID: PMC9977401 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05768a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A conceptually new methodology to give unusual cyclization products from usual migration substrates was disclosed. The highly complex and structurally important and valuable spirocyclic compounds were produced through radical addition, intramolecular cyclization and ring opening instead of usual migration to the di-functionalization products of olefins. Furthermore, a plausible mechanism was proposed based on a series of mechanistic studies including radical trapping, radical clock, verification experiments of intermediates, isotope labeling and KIE experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingming Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Chengkou Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Yaqi Qiao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Minghui Wei
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Wenjing Guan
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Ziren Mao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Hong Qin
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Zheng Fang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China .,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
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5
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Wei W, Zhan L, Gao L, Huang G, Ma X. Research Progress of Electrochemical Synthesis of C-Sulfonyl Compounds. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202205018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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6
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Wang Z, Chang C, Chen Y, Wu X, Li J, Zhu C. Remote desaturation of hexenenitriles by radical-mediated cyano migration. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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7
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Gu XT, Li LH, Wei Y, Shi M. Selective C(sp 2)-H bond functionalization of olefins via visible-light-induced photoredox-quinuclidine dual catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:9954-9957. [PMID: 35983765 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03694k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The site selective C(sp2)-H bond functionalization of olefins has been achieved through a visible-light-induced photoredox-quinuclidine dual catalysis upon merging the quinuclidinium radical cation addition to alkene strategy and the distal heteroaryl ipso-migration strategy. This synthetic protocol features a simple operation with readily available starting materials in good step-economy to access alkenylheteroaromatic products in moderate to good yields under mild conditions. A plausible cascade catalytic reaction mechanism is also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Tao Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Long-Hai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Min Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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8
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Seastram AC, Hareram MD, Knight TMB, Morrill LC. Electrochemical alkene azidocyanation via 1,4-nitrile migration. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8658-8661. [PMID: 35822449 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02958h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical method for the azidocyanation of alkenes via 1,4-nitrile migration has been developed. This organic oxidant free method is applicable across various alkene containing cyanohydrins, and provides access to a broad range of synthetically useful 1,2-azidonitriles (28 examples). This methodology was extended to an electrochemical alkene sulfonylcyanation procedure, as well as to access a trifunctionalized hexanenitrile from a malononitrile starting material. The orthogonal derivatization of the products was also demonstrated through chemoselective transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex C Seastram
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.
| | - Mishra Deepak Hareram
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.
| | - Thomas M B Knight
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.
| | - Louis C Morrill
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.
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9
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Liu W, Hao L, Zhang J, Zhu T. Progress in the Electrochemical Reactions of Sulfonyl Compounds. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102557. [PMID: 35174969 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrosynthesis has recently attracted more and more attention due to its great potential to replace chemical oxidants or reductants in molecule-electrode electron transfer. Sulfonyl compounds such as sulfonyl hydrazides, sulfinic acids (and their salts), sulfonyl halides have been discovered as practical precursors of several radicals. As electrochemical redox reactions can provide green and efficient pathways for the activation of sulfonyl compounds, studies for electrosynthesis have rapidly increased. Several types of radicals can be generated from anodic oxidation or cathodic reduction of sulfonyl compounds and can initiate fluoroalkylation, benzenesulfonylation, cyclization or rearrangement. In this Review, we summarize the electrosynthesis developments involving sulfonyl compounds mainly in the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangsheng Liu
- International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Lin Hao
- Division of Chemistry & Mathematical Science, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Junmin Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Tingshun Zhu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
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10
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Zhang S, Xu G, Yan H, Wu Q, Meng J, Duan J, Guo K. Electrooxidative [3 + 2] annulation of amidines with alkenes for the synthesis of spiroimidazolines. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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11
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Zhang D, Cai J, Du J, Wang Q, Yang J, Geng R, Fang Z, Guo K. Electrochemical-Oxidation-Promoted Direct N-ortho-Selective Difluoromethylation of Heterocyclic N-Oxides. Org Lett 2022; 24:1434-1438. [PMID: 35166558 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and green electrochemical N-ortho-selective difluoromethylation method of various quinoline and isoquinoline N-oxides has been developed. In this method, sodium difluoromethanesulfinate (HCF2SO2Na) was used as the source of the difluoromethyl moiety, and various N-ortho-selective difluoromethylation quinoline and isoquinoline N-oxides were obtained in good to excellent yields under a constant current. In addition, the reaction was easy to scale up and maintained a good yield. Preliminary mechanism studies suggested that the reaction undergoes a free-radical addition and hydrogen elimination pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224002, China
| | - Jinlin Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224002, China
| | - Jinze Du
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Qingdong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224002, China
| | - Jinming Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224002, China
| | - Rongqing Geng
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224002, China
| | - Zheng Fang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, China
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12
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Lv Y, Cui H, Meng N, Yue H, Wei W. Recent advances in the application of sulfinic acids for the construction of sulfur-containing compounds. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Bugaenko DI, Karchava AV, Yurovskaya MA. Transition metal-free cross-coupling reactions with the formation of carbon-heteroatom bonds. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr5022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Li X, Tao P, Cheng Y, Hu Q, Huang W, Li Y, Luo Z, Huang G. Recent Progress on the Electrochemical Difunctionalization of Alkenes/Alkynes. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202204066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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15
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Fu Z, Yang Z, Sun L, Yin J, Yi X, Cai H, Lei A. Electrochemical Synthesis of Aryl Sulfonates from Sodium Sulfinates and Phenols under Metal-Free Conditions. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202107060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Chen F, Huang X, Yang C, Jiang H, Zeng W. Photocatalyzed Coupling-Cyclization of ortho-Alkynylaryl Vinylethers with Arylsulfonyl Azides. J Org Chem 2021; 86:14572-14585. [PMID: 34623805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel visible-light-induced coupling-cyclization of ortho-alkynylaryl vinylethers with arylsulfonyl azides has been described. This transformation provided a concise approach to access C3-exocyclic C═C bond/C2-alkylsulfone-tethered benzofurans via a solvent-leveraged carbosulfonylation and [2 + 2 + 3] cyclization. Primary mechanistic studies demonstrated that THF belongs to a crucial H atom source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Xiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Can Yang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
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17
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Yang M, Chang X, Ye S, Ding Q, Wu J. Generation of Heteroaryl-Substituted Sulfonyl Compounds from Sulfur Dioxide via Remote Heteroaryl ipso-Migration. J Org Chem 2021; 86:15177-15184. [PMID: 34636243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The generation of heteroaryl-substituted sulfonyl compounds via a catalyst-, base-, and additive-free three-component reaction of heteroaryl-substituted tertiary alcohols, aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates, and DABCO·(SO2)2 under mild conditions is developed. Various functional groups are tolerated well in this transformation, and a broad substrate scope is demonstrated. A preliminary mechanistic investigation shows that this reaction undergoes a radical process, including the insertion of sulfur dioxide, sulfonyl radical addition to unactivated alkene, and remote heteroaryl ipso-migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Yang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Small Molecules for Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Xiaotong Chang
- SchooSchool of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Shengqing Ye
- SchooSchool of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Qiuping Ding
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Small Molecules for Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Jie Wu
- SchooSchool of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou 318000, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
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18
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Wu X, Ma Z, Feng T, Zhu C. Radical-mediated rearrangements: past, present, and future. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:11577-11613. [PMID: 34661216 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00529d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Rearrangement reactions, one of the most significant transformations in organic chemistry, play an irreplaceable role in improving synthetic efficiency and molecular complexity. Concomitant cleavage and reconstruction of chemical bonds can display the great artistry and the glamour of synthetic chemistry. Over the past century, ionic rearrangement reactions, in particular those involving cationic pathways, have represented most of the research. Alongside the renaissance of radical chemistry, radical-mediated rearrangements have recently seen a rapid increase of attention from the chemical community. Many new radical rearrangements that extensively reveal the migratory behaviour of functional groups have been unveiled in the last decade. This Review provides a comprehensive perspective on the area from the past to present achievements, and brings up the prospects that may inspire colleagues to develop more useful synthetic tools based on radical rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Zhigang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Tingting Feng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Chen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China. .,Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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19
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Thadathil DA, Varghese A, Radhakrishnan KV. The Renaissance of Electro‐Organic Synthesis for the Difunctionalization of Alkenes and Alkynes: A Sustainable Approach. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ditto Abraham Thadathil
- Department of Chemistry CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Hosur Road Bengaluru, Karnataka 560029 India
| | - Anitha Varghese
- Department of Chemistry CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Hosur Road Bengaluru, Karnataka 560029 India
| | - Kokkuvayil Vasu Radhakrishnan
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
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20
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Yuan Y, Yang J, Lei A. Recent advances in electrochemical oxidative cross-coupling with hydrogen evolution involving radicals. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:10058-10086. [PMID: 34369504 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00150g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative cross-coupling has developed into a robust method for carbon-carbon (C-C), carbon-heteroatom (C-X), and heteroatom-heteroatom (X-Y) bond formation. Despite considerable advances in this field, the traditional oxidative cross-coupling reactions usually employ stoichiometric amounts of chemical oxidants to clean up surplus electrons from substrates to form new chemical bonds. Organic electrosynthesis is recognized as an environmentally benign and particularly powerful synthetic platform. Recent advancements have revealed that radical-involved electrochemical oxidative cross-coupling reactions can be achieved under exogenous-oxidant-free conditions. This tutorial review provides an overview of the most recent developments in electrochemical oxidative cross-coupling with hydrogen evolution involving radicals. Emphasis is mainly placed on synthetic and mechanistic aspects. We hope that this tutorial review can promote the development of radical chemistry, electrochemistry, and oxidative cross-coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yuan
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water Retention Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China.
| | - Jie Yang
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water Retention Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China.
| | - Aiwen Lei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
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21
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Kwon Y, Zhang W, Wang Q. Copper-Catalyzed Aminoheteroarylation of Unactivated Alkenes through Distal Heteroaryl Migration. ACS Catal 2021; 11:8807-8817. [PMID: 36381639 PMCID: PMC9648721 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We report a copper-catalyzed aminoheteroarylation of unactivated alkenes to access valuable heteroarylethylamine motif. The developed reaction features a copper-catalyzed intermolecular electrophilic amination of the alkenes followed by a migratory heteroarylation. The method applies on alcohol-, amide-, and ether-containing alkenes, overcoming the common requirement of a hydroxyl motif in previous migratory difunctionalization reactions. This reaction is effective for the introduction of diverse aliphatic amines and has good functional group tolerance, which is particularly useful for richly functionalized heteroarenes. This migration-involved reaction was found well suited as a powerful ring expansion approach for the construction of medium-sized rings that are in great demand in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yungeun Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Qiu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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22
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Bao R, Feng Y, Deng D, Huang D, Sun X. Sulfinic Acids in Organic Synthesis: A Review of Recent Studies. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruwei Bao
- Department of Chemistry Lishui University No. 1, Xueyuan Road Lishui City 323000 Zhejiang Province P. R. China
| | - Yanping Feng
- Department of Chemistry Lishui University No. 1, Xueyuan Road Lishui City 323000 Zhejiang Province P. R. China
| | - Danfeng Deng
- Department of Chemistry Lishui University No. 1, Xueyuan Road Lishui City 323000 Zhejiang Province P. R. China
| | - Dayun Huang
- Department of Chemistry Lishui University No. 1, Xueyuan Road Lishui City 323000 Zhejiang Province P. R. China
| | - Xiangyu Sun
- Torch High Technology Industry Development Center Ministry of Science & technology
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23
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Kim W, Kim HY, Oh K. Oxidation Potential-Guided Electrochemical Radical-Radical Cross-Coupling Approaches to 3-Sulfonylated Imidazopyridines and Indolizines. J Org Chem 2021; 86:15973-15991. [PMID: 34185997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation potential-guided electrochemical radical-radical cross-coupling reactions between N-heteroarenes and sodium sulfinates have been established. Thus, simple cyclic voltammetry measurement of substrates predicts the likelihood of successful radical-radical coupling reactions, allowing the simple and direct synthetic access to 3-sulfonylated imidazopyridines and indolizines. The developed electrochemical radical-radical cross-coupling reactions to sulfonylated N-heteroarenes boast the green synthetic nature of the reactions that are oxidant- and metal-free.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wansoo Kim
- Center for Metareceptome Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.,Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Young Kim
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungsoo Oh
- Center for Metareceptome Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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24
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Zhang X, Lu D, Wang Z. Electrochemical Induced Regio‐ and Stereoselective Difunctionalization of Alkynes: The Synthesis of (
E
)‐β‐Iodovinyl Sulfones. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinghua Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Shanghai Institute of Technology 100 Hai-Quan Road Shanghai 201418 China
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology Ningbo University Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Danna Lu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Shanghai Institute of Technology 100 Hai-Quan Road Shanghai 201418 China
| | - Zhenwei Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Shanghai Institute of Technology 100 Hai-Quan Road Shanghai 201418 China
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25
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Zhang MM, Sun Y, Wang WW, Chen KK, Yang WC, Wang L. Electrochemical synthesis of sulfonated benzothiophenes using 2-alkynylthioanisoles and sodium sulfinates. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:3844-3849. [PMID: 33949560 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00079a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical sulfonylation/cyclization of 2-alkynylthioanisoles with sodium sulfinates was developed under catalyst-, external oxidant- and metal-free conditions. The electrosynthesis provides sustainable and efficient access to 3-sulfonated benzothiophenes with good substrate scope and functional group tolerance. This cascade radical process has been triggered through a sulfonyl radical addition to alkynes using sodium sulfinates under electrochemical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Zhang
- Institute of Pesticide, School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Sun
- Institute of Pesticide, School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China.
| | - Wan-Wan Wang
- College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P. R. China
| | - Kang-Kang Chen
- Institute of Pesticide, School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China.
| | - Wen-Chao Yang
- Institute of Pesticide, School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, P. R. China.
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26
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Saha D, Taily IM, Kumar R, Banerjee P. Electrochemical rearrangement protocols towards the construction of diverse molecular frameworks. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:2464-2478. [PMID: 33616597 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00116g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Rearrangement reactions constitute a critical facet of synthetic organic chemistry and demonstrate an attractive way to take advantage of existing structures to access various important molecular frameworks. Electroorganic chemistry has emerged as an environmentally benign approach to carry out organic transformations by directly employing an electric current and avoids the use of stoichiometric chemical oxidants. The last few years have witnessed a resurgence of electroorganic chemistry that has promoted a renaissance of interest in the development of novel redox electroorganic transformations. This review manifests the evolution of electrosynthesis in the area of rearrangement chemistry and covers the achievements in the field of migration, ring expansion, and rearrangements along with the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarshi Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab-140001, India.
| | - Irshad Maajid Taily
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab-140001, India.
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab-140001, India.
| | - Prabal Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab-140001, India.
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27
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Zhang D, Cai J, Du J, Wang X, He W, Yang Z, Liu C, Fang Z, Guo K. Oxidant- and Catalyst-Free Synthesis of Sulfonated Benzothiophenes via Electrooxidative Tandem Cyclization. J Org Chem 2021; 86:2593-2601. [PMID: 33426878 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A green and practical electrochemical method for the synthesis of C-3-sulfonated benzothiophenes from 2-alkynylthioanisoles and sodium sulfinates was developed under oxidant- and catalyst-free conditions. Moderate to good yields of sulfonated benzothiophenes bearing important and useful functional groups have been achieved at a constant current. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicated a tandem radical addition-cyclization pathway. Moreover, the protocol is easy to scale up and exhibits good reaction efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jinlin Cai
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jinze Du
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xujia Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Wei He
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- College of Engineering China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Chengkou Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zheng Fang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing 211816, China.,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing 211816, China
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28
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Kim Y, Kim DY. Electrochemical Oxidative Arylsulfonylation and 1,
2‐Alkyl
Shift Sequences of Alkenyl Cyclobutanols for the Synthesis of
β‐Sulfonated
Cyclopentanones. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yebin Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Department of ICT Environmental Health System Soonchunhyang University Asan 31538 Chungnam Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Department of ICT Environmental Health System Soonchunhyang University Asan 31538 Chungnam Republic of Korea
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29
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Wu M, Yu L, Hou H, Chen H, Zhuang Q, Zhou S, Lin X. Electrochemistry-Enabled Copper-Catalyzed Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohols for the Preparation of Quinazolinones in Water. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202012028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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Difunctionalization of Alkenes and Alkynes via Intermolecular Radical and Nucleophilic Additions. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 26:molecules26010105. [PMID: 33379397 PMCID: PMC7795514 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Popular and readily available alkenes and alkynes are good substrates for the preparation of functionalized molecules through radical and/or ionic addition reactions. Difunctionalization is a topic of current interest due to its high efficiency, substrate versatility, and operational simplicity. Presented in this article are radical addition followed by oxidation and nucleophilic addition reactions for difunctionalization of alkenes or alkynes. The difunctionalization could be accomplished through 1,2-addition (vicinal) and 1,n-addition (distal or remote) if H-atom or group-transfer is involved in the reaction process. A wide range of moieties, such as alkyl (R), perfluoroalkyl (Rf), aryl (Ar), hydroxy (OH), alkoxy (OR), acetatic (O2CR), halogenic (X), amino (NR2), azido (N3), cyano (CN), as well as sulfur- and phosphorous-containing groups can be incorporated through the difunctionalization reactions. Radicals generated from peroxides or single electron transfer (SET) agents, under photoredox or electrochemical reactions are employed for the reactions.
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31
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Dong D, Han Q, Yang S, Song J, Li N, Wang Z, Xu X. Recent Progress in Sulfonylation via Radical Reaction with Sodium Sulfinates, Sulfinic Acids, Sulfonyl Chlorides or Sulfonyl Hydrazides. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dao‐Qing Dong
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Qingdao Agricultural University Qingdao 266109 P.R. China
| | - Qing‐Qing Han
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Qingdao Agricultural University Qingdao 266109 P.R. China
| | - Shao‐Hui Yang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Qingdao Agricultural University Qingdao 266109 P.R. China
| | - Jing‐Cheng Song
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Qingdao Agricultural University Qingdao 266109 P.R. China
| | - Na Li
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Qingdao Agricultural University Qingdao 266109 P.R. China
| | - Zu‐Li Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Qingdao Agricultural University Qingdao 266109 P.R. China
| | - Xin‐Ming Xu
- College ofChemistry and Chemical Engineering Yantai University Yantai 264005 P.R. China
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Hui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yujie Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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33
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Mulina OM, Ilovaisky AI, Parshin VD, Terent'ev AO. Oxidative Sulfonylation of Multiple Carbon‐Carbon bonds with Sulfonyl Hydrazides, Sulfinic Acids and their Salts. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga M. Mulina
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 47 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Alexey I. Ilovaisky
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 47 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Vadim D. Parshin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 47 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Alexander O. Terent'ev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 47 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
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34
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Abstract
Alkenes are ubiquitous in natural products and are extensively used as synthetic feedstocks in multiple fields including organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry, and materials science. Radical-mediated difunctionalization of alkenes provides a powerful tactic for alkene utilization. Despite the considerable progress made in the past several decades, state-of-the-art methods are highly dependent upon activated alkenes in which a proximal group with a π-electron system (e.g., aryl, carbonyl, and heteroatom) is requisite to stabilize the nascent alkyl radical intermediate via p-π conjugation or p orbitals of the heteroatom. In contrast, the transformation of unactivated alkenes, such as aliphatic alkenes, remains challenging.To overcome this obstacle, we have recently disclosed the strategy of intramolecular distal functional group migration (FGM), which has been efficiently applied in radical difunctionalization of unactivated alkenes. A portfolio of functional groups, such as cyano, heteroaryl, oximino, formyl, and alkynyl groups, showcase the excellent migratory aptitude. Mechanistically, after the addition of an extrinsic radical to the alkene, the newly formed active alkyl radical is rapidly captured by the intramolecular migratory group to generate a cyclic intermediate. Subsequent cleavage of the cyclic C-C bond of the intermediate leads to the functionalized product through the FGM process. Based on the strategy of FGM, a set of elusive difunctionalizations of unactivated alkenes have been accomplished (Part A).Alongside this research, an upgraded highly efficient synthetic strategy, "dock-migration," is created for intermolecular difunctionalization of alkenes. A diversity of sulfone-based dual-function reagents are developed. The intermolecular transformation is initiated by docking the dual-function reagent to the alkene, followed by intramolecular migration of the functional group. Compared to the original FGM protocol, the scope of alkenes is significantly extended from the strategically placed tertiary alcohol-substituted alkenes to general alkenes. Both activated and unactivated alkenes are well tolerated. By this approach, radical-mediated fluoroalkylheteroarylation, fluoroalkylalkynylation, and alkylation of alkenes have been achieved (Part B).Direct elaboration of C-H bonds into the targeted functional groups represents one of the most ideal and straightforward methods for molecular functionalization. The FGM strategy proves to be an ingenious tool for radical-mediated functionalization of remote unactivated C(sp3)-H bonds. Based on the FGM process, we have accomplished: (a) remote C(sp3)-H heteroarylation and cyanation of unprotected alcohols via the cascade of alkoxy radical-enabled hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and intramolecular functional group (e.g., heteroaryl, cyano) migration, and (b) distal C(sp3)-H vinylation of propargylic alcohols through consecutive alkenyl radical-promoted HAT process and subsequent alkenyl migration (Part C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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35
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Kim W, Kim HY, Oh K. Electrochemical Radical–Radical Cross-Coupling Approach between Sodium Sulfinates and 2H-Indazoles to 3-Sulfonylated 2H-Indazoles. Org Lett 2020; 22:6319-6323. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wansoo Kim
- Center for Metareceptome Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Young Kim
- Center for Metareceptome Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungsoo Oh
- Center for Metareceptome Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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36
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Photocatalytic radical defluoroalkylation of unactivated alkenes via distal heteroaryl ipso-migration. Commun Chem 2020; 3:98. [PMID: 36703324 PMCID: PMC9814454 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-00354-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the selective activation of C(sp3)-F bonds and C-C bonds constitute one of the most widely used procedures for the synthesis of high-value products that range from pharmaceuticals to agrochemical applications. While numerous examples of these two methods have been reported in their respective fields, the processes which merge the activation of both single C(sp3)-F bonds and C-C bonds in one step still remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate the controllable defluoroalkylation-distal functionalization of trifluoromethylarenes with unactivated alkenes via distal heteroaryl migration. This is proposed to proceed via tandem C(sp3)-F and C-C bond cleavage using visible-light photoredox catalysis combined with Lewis acid activation. This strategy provides facile and flexible access to multiply functionalized α,α-difluorobenzylic ketones in useful yields (up to 88%) under mild conditions. The products can be further transformed into other valuable compounds, demonstrating the method's utility.
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37
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Patel OPS, Jaspal S, Shinde VN, Nandwana NK, Rangan K, Kumar A. Phenyliodine(III) Diacetate-Mediated 1,2-ipso-Migration in Mannich Bases of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines: Preparation of N-Acetoxymethyl/Alkoxymethyl-N-arylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-amines. J Org Chem 2020; 85:7309-7321. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Om P. S. Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Sonam Jaspal
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Vikki N. Shinde
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Nitesh K. Nandwana
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Krishnan Rangan
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
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38
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Abrams R, Clayden J. Photocatalytic Difunctionalization of Vinyl Ureas by Radical Addition Polar Truce–Smiles Rearrangement Cascades. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11600-11606. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Abrams
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
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39
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Abrams R, Clayden J. Photocatalytic Difunctionalization of Vinyl Ureas by Radical Addition Polar Truce–Smiles Rearrangement Cascades. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Abrams
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
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40
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Hua J, Fang Z, Bian M, Ma T, Yang M, Xu J, Liu C, He W, Zhu N, Yang Z, Guo K. Electrochemical Synthesis of Spiro[4.5]trienones through Radical-Initiated Dearomative Spirocyclization. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:2053-2059. [PMID: 32012457 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel and green route has been developed for the electrochemical synthesis of spiro[4.5]trienones through radical-initiated dearomative spirocyclization of alkynes with diselenides. This metal-free and oxidant-free electrosynthesis reaction was performed in an undivided cell under mild conditions. A variety of selenation spiro[4.5]trienones products were prepared in moderate-to-good yields, showing a broad scope and functional group tolerance. Moreover, the developed continuous-flow system combined with electrosynthesis possesses the potential to achieve scaled-up reactions, overcoming the low efficiency of conventional electrochemical scaled-up reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Hua
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing, 211816, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Fang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing, 211816, P.R. China
| | - Mixue Bian
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing, 211816, P.R. China
| | - Tao Ma
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing, 211816, P.R. China
| | - Man Yang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing, 211816, P.R. China
| | - Jia Xu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing, 211816, P.R. China
| | - ChengKou Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing, 211816, P.R. China
| | - Wei He
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing, 211816, P.R. China
| | - Ning Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing, 211816, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Yang
- College of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210003, P.R. China
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing, 211816, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing, 211816, P.R. China
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41
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Li M, Hong J, Xiao W, Yang Y, Qiu D, Mo F. Electrocatalytic Oxidative Transformation of Organic Acids for Carbon-Heteroatom and Sulfur-Heteroatom Bond Formation. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:1661-1687. [PMID: 31804002 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201902657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The electrolysis of organic acids has garnered increasing attention in recent years. In addition to the famous electrochemical decarboxylation known as Kolbe electrolysis, a number of other electrochemical processes have been recently established that allow for the construction of carbon-heteroatom and sulfur-heteroatom bonds from organic acids. Herein, recent advances in electrochemical C-X and S-X (X=N, O, S, Se) bond-forming reactions from five classes of organic acids and their conjugate bases, namely, carboxylic, thiocarboxylic, phosphonic, sulfinic, and sulfonic acids, are surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Li
- Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P.R. China
| | - Junting Hong
- Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Di Qiu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance, for Functional Molecules, MOE Key Laboratory of, Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Materials Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, P.R. China
| | - Fanyang Mo
- Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Donghai Silicon Industry S&T Innovation Center, Donghai County, Jiangsu, 222300, P.R. China
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42
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Liu C, Jiang Q, Lin Y, Fang Z, Guo K. C- to N-Center Remote Heteroaryl Migration via Electrochemical Initiation of N Radical by Organic Catalyst. Org Lett 2020; 22:795-799. [PMID: 31922422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Herein an exogenous oxidant- and metal-free electrochemical heteroaryl migration triggered by N radicals to construct new N-C bonds was developed. This methodology features a high atom economy and utilization rate of energy, and it is insensitive to water and air. Moreover, a user-friendly undivided cell was employed. The use of an organic catalyst makes it more efficient, green, and practical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengkou Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Qiang Jiang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Yang Lin
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Zheng Fang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China.,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
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43
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Liu C, Cai C, Yuan C, Jiang Q, Fang Z, Guo K. Visible-light-promoted N-centered radical generation for remote heteroaryl migration. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:7663-7670. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01594f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An efficient visible-light-mediated organocatalyzed N–H heteroarylation was accomplished via remote heteroaryl ipso-migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengkou Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Chen Cai
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Chengcheng Yuan
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Qiang Jiang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Zheng Fang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
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44
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Wang P, Gao X, Huang P, Lei A. Recent Advances in Electrochemical Oxidative Cross‐Coupling of Alkenes with H
2
Evolution. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wang
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Xinlong Gao
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Huang
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate SynthesisJiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 P. R. China
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45
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Hu C, Hong G, Zhou C, Tang Z, Han J, Wang L. Electrochemically Facilitated Oxidative Coupling of Quinoxalin‐2(1
H
)‐Ones with Diarylphosphine Oxides and Pyrroles: A Green Protocol for C−P, C−C(
sp
2
) Bond Formation. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced MaterialsInstitute of Fine Chemicals and School of Chemistry & Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Gang Hong
- Key Laboratory for Advanced MaterialsInstitute of Fine Chemicals and School of Chemistry & Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced MaterialsInstitute of Fine Chemicals and School of Chemistry & Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Zhi‐Cong Tang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced MaterialsInstitute of Fine Chemicals and School of Chemistry & Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Jian‐Wei Han
- Key Laboratory for Advanced MaterialsInstitute of Fine Chemicals and School of Chemistry & Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Li‐Min Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced MaterialsInstitute of Fine Chemicals and School of Chemistry & Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
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46
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Mei H, Liu J, Guo Y, Han J. Electrochemical Alkoxysulfonylation Difunctionalization of Styrene Derivatives Using Sodium Sulfinates as Sulfonyl Sources. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:14353-14359. [PMID: 31508561 PMCID: PMC6733175 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
An eco-friendly method for the synthesis of β-alkoxy sulfones via electrochemical alkoxysulfonylation reaction of styrenes with sodium sulfinates as sulfonyl sources has been established. The reaction is conducted in an undivided cell at room temperature and tolerates a wide scope of styrenes, sodium sulfinates, and alcohols. The reaction does not need any chemical oxidants and transition-metal catalysts, which provides a new and green access to β-alkoxy sulfones.
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47
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Electrochemical synthesis of β-hydroxy-, β-alkoxy-, and β-carbonyloxy sulfones by vicinal difunctionalization of olefins. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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48
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Wu YC, Jiang SS, Luo SZ, Song RJ, Li JH. Transition-metal- and oxidant-free directed anodic C-H sulfonylation of N,N-disubstituted anilines with sulfinates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:8995-8998. [PMID: 31290859 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03789f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A new, practical directed anodic C-H sulfonylation of N,N-disubstituted anilines with sodium sulfinates for producing o- or p-amino arylsulfones and diarylsulfones is described. Employing the anodic strategy, the reaction proceeds efficiently under mild (room temperature) and transition-metal- and chemical oxidant-free conditions, and enables the formation of C-S bonds via directed activation of ortho- or para-C-H bond to the amino group with broad substrate scope and excellent site selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Chen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China.
| | - Shuai-Shuai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China.
| | - Shu-Zheng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China.
| | - Ren-Jie Song
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China.
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China. and State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
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49
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Guan Z, Wang H, Huang Y, Wang Y, Wang S, Lei A. Electrochemical Oxidative Aryl(alkyl)trifluoromethylation of Allyl Alcohols via 1,2-Migration. Org Lett 2019; 21:4619-4622. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Guan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huamin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yange Huang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunkun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengchun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, People’s Republic of China
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