1
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Zhu W, Wei M, Wang Y, Wang G, Wang J, Rao H. Oxidative Nickel-Catalyzed ortho-C-H Amination of (Iso)quinolines with Alicyclic Amines Directed by a Sacrificial N-Oxide Group. Org Lett 2024; 26:912-916. [PMID: 38270506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Transition metal (TM)-catalyzed direct amination of C-H bonds on free or fused pyridine (Py) rings with free amines still remains scarce because amines and the Py ring tend to adopt a nonproductive N-bound coordination with many TMs, leading to a significant decrease of catalytic reactivity. We herein disclose a nickel-catalyzed and a sacrificial N-oxide group directed oxidative coupling of (iso)quinolyl C-H bonds and alicyclic amines, which furnishes bioimportant amino(iso)quinolines efficiently and selectively in a single step. Noteworthy, this protocol avoids the use of aggressive reactants and very strong bases usually required when aminating on nonoxidized Py rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Min Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Yanrui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Guo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Jianchun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Honghua Rao
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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2
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Abstract
We have developed an electrochemical method for the direct C-H sulfonylation of aldehyde hydrazones using sodium sufinates as the sulfonylating agent under supporting electrolyte-free conditions. This straightforward sulfonylation strategy afforded a library of (E)-sufonylated hydrazones with high tolerance of various functional groups. The radical pathway of this reaction has been revealed by the mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Payel Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Alakananda Hajra
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan 731235, India
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3
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Changmai S, Sultana S, Saikia AK. Review of electrochemical transition‐metal‐catalyzed C−H functionalization reactions. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumi Changmai
- Applied Organic Chemistry Chemical Sciences & Technology Division CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology 785006 Jorhat India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) 201002 Ghaziabad India
| | | | - Anil K. Saikia
- Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati Department of Chemistry Guwahati 781039 Assam India
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4
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Wang J, Hu D, Sun X, Hong H, Shi Y. Pd-Catalyzed Aryl C-H Amination with Diaziridinone. Org Lett 2023; 25:2006-2011. [PMID: 36926923 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
This work describes an efficient Pd-catalyzed ortho-C-H amination of N-(quinolin-8-yl)benzamides with di-t-butyldiaziridinone, providing a variety of anthranilic amides in good yields. The reaction likely involves the formation of a pallada(II)heterocycle via aryl C-H activation and subsequent amination with di-t-butyldiaziridinone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Wang
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Daguo Hu
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Xiaofeng Sun
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Huiying Hong
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yian Shi
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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5
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Tamatam R, Kim SH, Shin D. Transition-metal-catalyzed synthesis of quinazolines: A review. Front Chem 2023; 11:1140562. [PMID: 37007059 PMCID: PMC10060649 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1140562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinazolines are a class of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds with broad-spectrum of pharmacological activities. Transition-metal-catalyzed reactions have emerged as reliable and indispensable tools for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals. These reactions provide new entries into pharmaceutical ingredients of continuously increasing complexity, and catalysis with these metals has streamlined the synthesis of several marketed drugs. The last few decades have witnessed a tremendous outburst of transition-metal-catalyzed reactions for the construction of quinazoline scaffolds. In this review, the progress achieved in the synthesis of quinazolines under transition metal-catalyzed conditions are summarized and reports from 2010 to date are covered. This is presented along with the mechanistic insights of each representative methodology. The advantages, limitations, and future perspectives of synthesis of quinazolines through such reactions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Tamatam
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Gachon Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Seok-Ho Kim, ; Dongyun Shin,
| | - Dongyun Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Gachon Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Seok-Ho Kim, ; Dongyun Shin,
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6
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Kathiravan S, Anaspure P. Electrochemical rhodium catalysed alkyne annulation with pyrazoles through anodic oxidation - a metal oxidant/additive free methodology. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:2024-2033. [PMID: 36790440 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02306g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Pyrazole and its derivatives are important azole heteroarenes prevalent in pharmaceutical compounds and have been used as ligands for protein binding, making them valuable targets for synthetic applications. Herein we disclose an electrochemical intermolecular C-H/N-H oxidative annulation of 2-phenylpyrazoles with alkynes using a rhodium(III) redox regime without any external metal oxidants in a water compatible solvent system. Both symmetrical and unsymmetrical alkynes were shown to be compatible with the optimized conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prasad Anaspure
- Bioorganic & Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Linnaeus University Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry & Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar SE-39182, Sweden
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7
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Lodh J, Paul S, Sun H, Song L, Schöfberger W, Roy S. Electrochemical organic reactions: A tutorial review. Front Chem 2023; 10:956502. [PMID: 36704620 PMCID: PMC9871948 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.956502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the core of electrochemistry involves simple oxidation and reduction reactions, it can be complicated in real electrochemical organic reactions. The principles used in electrochemical reactions have been derived using physical organic chemistry, which drives other organic/inorganic reactions. This review mainly comprises two themes: the first discusses the factors that help optimize an electrochemical reaction, including electrodes, supporting electrolytes, and electrochemical cell design, and the second outlines studies conducted in the field over a period of 10 years. Electrochemical reactions can be used as a versatile tool for synthetically important reactions by modifying the constant electrolysis current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyeeta Lodh
- Eco-Friendly Applied Materials Laboratory (EFAML), Materials Science Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Mohanpur Campus, Indian Institute of Science, Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Shounik Paul
- Eco-Friendly Applied Materials Laboratory (EFAML), Materials Science Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Mohanpur Campus, Indian Institute of Science, Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - He Sun
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Laboratory for Sustainable Chemistry and Catalysis (LSusCat), Johannes Kepler University (JKU), Linz, Austria
| | - Luyang Song
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Laboratory for Sustainable Chemistry and Catalysis (LSusCat), Johannes Kepler University (JKU), Linz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Schöfberger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Laboratory for Sustainable Chemistry and Catalysis (LSusCat), Johannes Kepler University (JKU), Linz, Austria,*Correspondence: Wolfgang Schöfberger, ; Soumyajit Roy,
| | - Soumyajit Roy
- Eco-Friendly Applied Materials Laboratory (EFAML), Materials Science Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Mohanpur Campus, Indian Institute of Science, Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India,*Correspondence: Wolfgang Schöfberger, ; Soumyajit Roy,
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8
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Ravindar L, Hasbullah SA, Hassan NI, Qin HL. Cross‐Coupling of C‐H and N‐H Bonds: a Hydrogen Evolution Strategy for the Construction of C‐N Bonds. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lekkala Ravindar
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Fakulti Teknologi dan Sains Maklumat Chemical Sciences Faculty of Science & Technology 43600 Bandar Baru Bangi MALAYSIA
| | - Siti Aishah Hasbullah
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi Chemical Sciences Faculty of Science & Technology 43600 Bandar Baru Bangi MALAYSIA
| | - Nurul Izzaty Hassan
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi Chemical Sciences Faculty of Science & Technology 43600 Bandar Baru Bangi MALAYSIA
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- Wuhan University of Technology School of Chemistry 430070 Hubei CHINA
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9
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Yang L, Zhang Z, Bongsuiru Jei B, Ackermann L. Electrochemical Cage Activation of Carboranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200323. [PMID: 35148009 PMCID: PMC9310615 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Carboranes are boron-carbon molecular clusters that possess unique properties, such as their icosahedron geometry, high boron content, and delocalized three-dimensional aromaticity. These features render carboranes valuable building blocks for applications in supramolecular design, nanomaterials, optoelectronics, organometallic coordination chemistry, and as boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) agents. Despite tremendous progress in this field, stoichiometric chemical redox reagents are largely required for the oxidative activation of carborane cages. In this context, electrosyntheses represent an alternative strategy for more sustainable molecular syntheses. It is only in recent few years that considerable progress has been made in electrochemical cage functionalization of carboranes, which are summarized in this Minireview. We anticipate that electrocatalysis will serve as an increasingly powerful stimulus within the current renaissance of carborane electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yang
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 237077GottingenGermany
| | - Zi‐Jing Zhang
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 237077GottingenGermany
| | - Becky Bongsuiru Jei
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 237077GottingenGermany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 237077GottingenGermany
- Woehler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh)Georg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 237077GöttingenGermany
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10
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Yang L, Zhang ZJ, Jei BB, Ackermann L. Electrochemical Cage Activation of Carboranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Long Yang
- University of Göttingen: Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen IOBC GERMANY
| | - Zi-Jing Zhang
- University of Göttingen: Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen IOBC GERMANY
| | | | - Lutz Ackermann
- Georg-August-Universitaet Goettingen Institut fuer Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Tammannstr. 2 37077 Goettingen GERMANY
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11
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Ma J, Zhou X, Guo P, Cheng H, Ji H. Copper‐Mediated
and Catalyzed
C‐H
Bond Amination via
Chelation‐Assistance
: Scope, Mechanism and Synthetic Applications. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao‐Li Ma
- College of Chemistry, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology Maoming 525000 PR China
| | - Xu‐Ming Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology Maoming 525000 PR China
| | - Peng‐Hu Guo
- College of Chemistry, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology Maoming 525000 PR China
| | - Hui‐Cheng Cheng
- College of Chemistry, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology Maoming 525000 PR China
| | - Hong‐bing Ji
- College of Chemistry, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology Maoming 525000 PR China
- Fine Chemical Industry Research Institute, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510275 PR China
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12
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Strekalova S, Kononov A, Rizvanov I, Budnikova Y. Acetonitrile and benzonitrile as versatile amino sources in copper-catalyzed mild electrochemical C-H amidation reactions. RSC Adv 2021; 11:37540-37543. [PMID: 35496383 PMCID: PMC9043791 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07650g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A mild, efficient electrochemical approach to the site-selective direct C–H amidation of benzene and its derivatives with acetonitrile and benzonitrile has been developed. It has been shown that joint electrochemical oxidation of various arenes in the presence of a copper salt as a catalyst and nitriles leads to the formation of N-phenylacetamide from benzene and N-benzylacetamides from benzyl derivatives (up to 78% yield). A favorable feature of the process is mild conditions (room temperature, ambient pressure, no strong oxidants) that meet the criteria of green chemistry. Different pathways of C–H transformation depending on the substrate nature and oxidation potential.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Strekalova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS Kazan 420088 Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Kononov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS Kazan 420088 Russian Federation .,Kazan National Research Technological University Kazan 420015 Russian Federation
| | - Ildar Rizvanov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS Kazan 420088 Russian Federation
| | - Yulia Budnikova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS Kazan 420088 Russian Federation .,Kazan National Research Technological University Kazan 420015 Russian Federation
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13
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Jia ZS, Yue Q, Li Y, Xu XT, Zhang K, Shi BF. Copper-catalyzed monoselective C-H amination of ferrocenes with alkylamines. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:2488-2495. [PMID: 34646397 PMCID: PMC8491713 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed mono-selective C–H amination of ferrocenes assisted by 8-aminoquinoline is presented here. A range of amines, including bioactive molecules, were successfully installed to the ortho-position of ferrocene amides with high efficiency under mild conditions. A range of functionalized ferrocenes were compatible to give the aminated products in moderate to good yields. The gram-scale reaction was smoothly conducted and the directing group could be removed easily under basic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Sheng Jia
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong, 529020, China
| | - Qiang Yue
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Xue-Tao Xu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong, 529020, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong, 529020, China
| | - Bing-Feng Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China.,Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, He'nan, 453007, China
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14
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Yang L, Jei BB, Scheremetjew A, Yuan B, Stückl AC, Ackermann L. Electrooxidative o-carborane chalcogenations without directing groups: cage activation by copper catalysis at room temperature. Chem Sci 2021; 12:12971-12976. [PMID: 34745527 PMCID: PMC8513870 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02905c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper-catalyzed electrochemical direct chalcogenations of o-carboranes was established at room temperature. Thereby, a series of cage C-sulfenylated and C-selenylated o-carboranes anchored with valuable functional groups was accessed with high levels of position- and chemo-selectivity control. The cupraelectrocatalysis provided efficient means to activate otherwise inert cage C-H bonds for the late-stage diversification of o-carboranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yang
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Gottingen Germany http://www.ackermann.chemie.uni-goettingen.de/
| | - Becky Bongsuiru Jei
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Gottingen Germany http://www.ackermann.chemie.uni-goettingen.de/
| | - Alexej Scheremetjew
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Gottingen Germany http://www.ackermann.chemie.uni-goettingen.de/
| | - Binbin Yuan
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Gottingen Germany http://www.ackermann.chemie.uni-goettingen.de/
| | - A Claudia Stückl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 4 37077 Gottingen Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Gottingen Germany http://www.ackermann.chemie.uni-goettingen.de/
- Woehler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Gottingen Germany
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15
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Massignan L, Zhu C, Hou X, Oliveira JCA, Salamé A, Ackermann L. Manganaelectro-Catalyzed Azine C–H Arylations and C–H Alkylations by Assistance of Weakly Coordinating Amides. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Massignan
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, Göttingen37077, Germany
- Woehler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, Göttingen37077, Germany
| | - Cuiju Zhu
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, Göttingen37077, Germany
| | - Xiaoyan Hou
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, Göttingen37077, Germany
| | - João C. A. Oliveira
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, Göttingen37077, Germany
| | - Aude Salamé
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, Göttingen37077, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, Göttingen37077, Germany
- Woehler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, Göttingen37077, Germany
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16
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Rao WH, Li Q, Jiang LL, Deng XW, Xu P, Chen FY, Li M, Zou GD. Copper-Catalyzed Intermolecular C(sp 2)-H Amination with Electrophilic O-Benzoyl Hydroxylamines. J Org Chem 2021; 86:10580-10590. [PMID: 34314188 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed intermolecular electrophilic amination of benzamides with O-benzoyl hydroxylamines was achieved with the assistance of an 8-aminoquinolyl group. With this protocol, good compatibility was observed for a variety of aryl amides and heteroaryl amides, and excellent tolerance with various functional groups was achieved. Significantly, the monoaminated product was overwhelmingly delivered under the simple reaction conditions. Preliminary mechanistic investigations suggested that a radical pathway should be excluded and C-H activation be potentially the rate-determining step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hao Rao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China.,Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Qi Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Li-Li Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Xue-Wan Deng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Pan Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Fang-Yuan Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Guo-Dong Zou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
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17
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Carvalho RL, de Miranda AS, Nunes MP, Gomes RS, Jardim GAM, Júnior ENDS. On the application of 3d metals for C-H activation toward bioactive compounds: The key step for the synthesis of silver bullets. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:1849-1938. [PMID: 34386103 PMCID: PMC8329403 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Several valuable biologically active molecules can be obtained through C-H activation processes. However, the use of expensive and not readily accessible catalysts complicates the process of pharmacological application of these compounds. A plausible way to overcome this issue is developing and using cheaper, more accessible, and equally effective catalysts. First-row transition (3d) metals have shown to be important catalysts in this matter. This review summarizes the use of 3d metal catalysts in C-H activation processes to obtain potentially (or proved) biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato L Carvalho
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Amanda S de Miranda
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mateus P Nunes
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Roberto S Gomes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Guilherme A M Jardim
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Centre for Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos – UFSCar, CEP 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Eufrânio N da Silva Júnior
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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18
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Novaes LFT, Liu J, Shen Y, Lu L, Meinhardt JM, Lin S. Electrocatalysis as an enabling technology for organic synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:7941-8002. [PMID: 34060564 PMCID: PMC8294342 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00223f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 130.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemistry has recently gained increased attention as a versatile strategy for achieving challenging transformations at the forefront of synthetic organic chemistry. Electrochemistry's unique ability to generate highly reactive radical and radical ion intermediates in a controlled fashion under mild conditions has inspired the development of a number of new electrochemical methodologies for the preparation of valuable chemical motifs. Particularly, recent developments in electrosynthesis have featured an increased use of redox-active electrocatalysts to further enhance control over the selective formation and downstream reactivity of these reactive intermediates. Furthermore, electrocatalytic mediators enable synthetic transformations to proceed in a manner that is mechanistically distinct from purely chemical methods, allowing for the subversion of kinetic and thermodynamic obstacles encountered in conventional organic synthesis. This review highlights key innovations within the past decade in the area of synthetic electrocatalysis, with emphasis on the mechanisms and catalyst design principles underpinning these advancements. A host of oxidative and reductive electrocatalytic methodologies are discussed and are grouped according to the classification of the synthetic transformation and the nature of the electrocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz F T Novaes
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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19
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Late-stage C–H functionalization offers new opportunities in drug discovery. Nat Rev Chem 2021; 5:522-545. [PMID: 37117588 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-021-00300-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the landscape of molecular synthesis has gained major impetus by the introduction of late-stage functionalization (LSF) methodologies. C-H functionalization approaches, particularly, set the stage for new retrosynthetic disconnections, while leading to improvements in resource economy. A variety of innovative techniques have been successfully applied to the C-H diversification of pharmaceuticals, and these key developments have enabled medicinal chemists to integrate LSF strategies in their drug discovery programmes. This Review highlights the significant advances achieved in the late-stage C-H functionalization of drugs and drug-like compounds, and showcases how the implementation of these modern strategies allows increased efficiency in the drug discovery process. Representative examples are examined and classified by mechanistic patterns involving directed or innate C-H functionalization, as well as emerging reaction manifolds, such as electrosynthesis and biocatalysis, among others. Structurally complex bioactive entities beyond small molecules are also covered, including diversification in the new modalities sphere. The challenges and limitations of current LSF methods are critically assessed, and avenues for future improvements of this rapidly expanding field are discussed. We, hereby, aim to provide a toolbox for chemists in academia as well as industrial practitioners, and introduce guiding principles for the application of LSF strategies to access new molecules of interest.
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20
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Rogge T, Kaplaneris N, Chatani N, Kim J, Chang S, Punji B, Schafer LL, Musaev DG, Wencel-Delord J, Roberts CA, Sarpong R, Wilson ZE, Brimble MA, Johansson MJ, Ackermann L. C–H activation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s43586-021-00041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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21
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Walker BR, Manabe S, Brusoe AT, Sevov CS. Mediator-Enabled Electrocatalysis with Ligandless Copper for Anaerobic Chan-Lam Coupling Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:6257-6265. [PMID: 33861580 PMCID: PMC8143265 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Simple copper salts serve as catalysts to effect C-X bond-forming reactions in some of the most utilized transformations in synthesis, including the oxidative coupling of aryl boronic acids and amines. However, these Chan-Lam coupling reactions have historically relied on chemical oxidants that limit their applicability beyond small-scale synthesis. Despite the success of replacing strong chemical oxidants with electrochemistry for a variety of metal-catalyzed processes, electrooxidative reactions with ligandless copper catalysts are plagued by slow electron-transfer kinetics, irreversible copper plating, and competitive substrate oxidation. Herein, we report the implementation of substoichiometric quantities of redox mediators to address limitations to Cu-catalyzed electrosynthesis. Mechanistic studies reveal that mediators serve multiple roles by (i) rapidly oxidizing low-valent Cu intermediates, (ii) stripping Cu metal from the cathode to regenerate the catalyst and reveal the active Pt surface for proton reduction, and (iii) providing anodic overcharge protection to prevent substrate oxidation. This strategy is applied to Chan-Lam coupling of aryl-, heteroaryl-, and alkylamines with arylboronic acids in the absence of chemical oxidants. Couplings under these electrochemical conditions occur with higher yields and shorter reaction times than conventional reactions in air and provide complementary substrate reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Walker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Shuhei Manabe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Andrew T Brusoe
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, P.O. Box 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Christo S Sevov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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22
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Budnikova YH. Electrochemical Insight into Mechanisms and Metallocyclic Intermediates of C-H Functionalization. CHEM REC 2021; 21:2148-2163. [PMID: 33629800 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed C-H activation has emerged as a powerful tool in organic synthesis and electrosynthesis as well as in the development of new methodologies for producing fine chemicals. In order to achieve efficient and selective C-H functionalization, different strategies have been used to accelerate the C-H activation step, including the incorporation of directing groups in the substrate that facilitate coordination to the catalyst. In this review, we try to underscore that the understanding the mechanisms of the catalytic cycle and the reactivity or redox activity of the key metal cyclic intermediates in these reactions is the basis for controlling the selectivity of synthesis and electrosynthesis. Combination of the electrosynthesis and voltammetry with traditional synthetic and physico-chemical methods allows one to achieve selective transformation of C-H bonds to functionalized C-C or C-X (X=heteroatom or halogen) bonds which may encourage organic chemists to use it in the future more often. The possibilities and the benefits of electrochemical techniques are analyzed and summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia H Budnikova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Arbuzov Str. 8, 420088, Kazan, Russia.,Kazan National Research Technological University, Karl Marx street, 68, 420015, Kazan, Russia
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23
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Singh H, Sen C, Suresh E, Panda AB, Ghosh SC. C-H Amidation and Amination of Arenes and Heteroarenes with Amide and Amine using Cu-MnO as a Reusable Catalyst under Mild Conditions. J Org Chem 2021; 86:3261-3275. [PMID: 33522804 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An atom-economical and efficient route for the direct amidation and amination of aryl C-H bonds using our synthesized recyclable heterogeneous Cu-MnO catalyst is reported here. The direct C-H amidation was carried out using a simple amide without any preactivated coupling partner, and simple air was used as the sole oxidant. The reaction proceeds very smoothly with a broad range of substrates containing numerous functional groups in very good to excellent yields. Direct C-H aminations with a secondary amine were carried out under base-, ligand-, and external oxidant-free conditions in very good to excellent yields in very mild conditions. Both the amidation and amination can be scaled up on a gram scale with similar yields. The major advantage is that our catalyst is recyclable and reused several times without any significant loss of reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshvardhan Singh
- Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Chiranjit Sen
- Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Eringathodi Suresh
- Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Asit B Panda
- Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Subhash C Ghosh
- Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
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24
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Meng Z, Feng C, Xu K. Recent Advances in the Electrochemical Formation of Carbon-Nitrogen Bonds. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202012013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Dhawa U, Kaplaneris N, Ackermann L. Green strategies for transition metal-catalyzed C–H activation in molecular syntheses. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00727k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sustainable strategies for the activation of inert C–H bonds towards improved resource-economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttam Dhawa
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Kaplaneris
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Woehler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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26
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Maikhuri VK, Prasad AK, Jha A, Srivastava S. Recent advances in the transition metal catalyzed synthesis of quinoxalines: a review. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01442k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the recent developments in the synthesis of a variety of substituted quinoxalines using transition metal catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin K. Maikhuri
- Bioorganic Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
- Delhi 110007
- India
| | - Ashok K. Prasad
- Bioorganic Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
- Delhi 110007
- India
| | - Amitabh Jha
- Department of Chemistry
- Acadia University
- Wolfville
- Canada
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27
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Kakiuchi F, Kochi T. New Strategy for Catalytic Oxidative C–H Functionalization: Efficient Combination of Transition-metal Catalyst and Electrochemical Oxidation. CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fumitoshi Kakiuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Takuya Kochi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
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28
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Zu C, Zhang T, Yang F, Wu Y, Wu Y. Copper(II)-Catalyzed Direct Amination of 1-Naphthylamines at the C8 Site. J Org Chem 2020; 85:12777-12784. [PMID: 32880176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new and simple protocol for C8-H amination of 1-naphthylamine derivatives was developed using copper salt and di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) as the catalyst and oxidant, respectively. This reaction proceeded smoothly under the additive and solvent-free conditions. In addition, this amination showed excellent regioselectivity and could tolerate various functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conghui Zu
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Henan Universities, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P.R. China
| | - Tingfang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Henan Universities, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P.R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Henan Universities, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yusheng Wu
- Tetranov Biopharm, LLC, Zhengzhou 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yangjie Wu
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Henan Universities, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P.R. China
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29
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Zhang S, Samanta RC, Del Vecchio A, Ackermann L. Evolution of High-Valent Nickela-Electrocatalyzed C-H Activation: From Cross(-Electrophile)-Couplings to Electrooxidative C-H Transformations. Chemistry 2020; 26:10936-10947. [PMID: 32329534 PMCID: PMC7497266 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
C-H activation has emerged as one of the most efficient tools for the formation of carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds, avoiding the use of prefunctionalized materials. In spite of tremendous progress in the field, stoichiometric quantities of toxic and/or costly chemical redox reagents, such as silver(I) or copper(II) salts, are largely required for oxidative C-H activations. Recently, electrosynthesis has experienced a remarkable renaissance that enables the use of storable, safe and waste-free electric current as a redox equivalent. While major recent momentum was gained in electrocatalyzed C-H activations by 4d and 5d metals, user-friendly and inexpensive nickela-electrocatalysis has until recently proven elusive for oxidative C-H activations. Herein, the early developments of nickela-electrocatalyzed reductive cross-electrophile couplings as well as net-redox-neutral cross-couplings are first introduced. The focus of this Minireview is, however, the recent emergence of nickel-catalyzed electrooxidative C-H activations until April 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou‐Kun Zhang
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Ramesh C. Samanta
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Antonio Del Vecchio
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
- Woehler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh)Georg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
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30
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Samanta RC, Meyer TH, Siewert I, Ackermann L. Renewable resources for sustainable metallaelectro-catalysed C-H activation. Chem Sci 2020; 11:8657-8670. [PMID: 34123124 PMCID: PMC8163351 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03578e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The necessity for more sustainable industrial chemical processes has internationally been agreed upon. During the last decade, the scientific community has responded to this urgent need by developing novel sustainable methodologies targeted at molecular transformations that not only produce reduced amounts of byproducts, but also by the use of cleaner and renewable energy sources. A prime example is the electrochemical functionalization of organic molecules, by which toxic and costly chemicals can be replaced by renewable electricity. Unrivalled levels of resource economy can thereby be achieved via the merger of metal-catalyzed C-H activation with electrosynthesis. This perspective aims at highlighting the most relevant advances in metallaelectro-catalysed C-H activations, with a particular focus on the use of green solvents and sustainable wind power and solar energy until June 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh C Samanta
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Tjark H Meyer
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
- Woehler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Inke Siewert
- Woehler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
- Woehler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
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31
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Gandeepan P, Finger LH, Meyer TH, Ackermann L. 3d metallaelectrocatalysis for resource economical syntheses. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:4254-4272. [PMID: 32458919 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00149j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Resource economy constitutes one of the key challenges for researchers and practitioners in academia and industries, in terms of rising demand for sustainable and green synthetic methodology. To achieve ideal levels of resource economy in molecular syntheses, novel avenues are required, which include, but are not limited to the use of naturally abundant, renewable feedstocks, solvents, metal catalysts, energy, and redox reagents. In this context, electrosyntheses create the unique possibility to replace stoichiometric amounts of oxidizing or reducing reagents as well as electron transfer events by electric current. Particularly, the merger of Earth-abundant 3d metal catalysis and electrooxidation has recently been recognized as an increasingly viable strategy to forge challenging C-C and C-heteroatom bonds for complex organic molecules in a sustainable fashion under mild reaction conditions. In this review, we highlight the key developments in 3d metallaelectrocatalysis in the context of resource economy in molecular syntheses until February 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthasarathy Gandeepan
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany. and Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517506, India
| | - Lars H Finger
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Tjark H Meyer
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany. and Woehler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany and Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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32
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Li Q, Huang J, Chen G, Wang SB. Copper-catalyzed ortho-C(sp 2)-H amination of benzamides and picolinamides with alkylamines using oxygen as a green oxidant. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:4802-4814. [PMID: 32538423 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00784f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A versatile Cu-catalyzed direct ortho-C(sp2)-H amination of benzamides and picolinamides with alkylamines has been achieved. This method employs cheap and eco-friendly copper as a catalyst and oxygen as an oxidant, and also has the advantages of straightforward steps and excellent functional group compatibility. Further application of our approach was demonstrated by the synthesis of TCMDC-125116, SPHINX, and SRPIN340.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Li
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Jie Huang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Gong Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shui-Bo Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science and Institute of Drug Development & Chemical BiologyZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Chen‐Fu Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical ScienceGannan Medical University Ganzhou 341000 People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science and Institute of Drug Development & Chemical BiologyZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Guo‐Wu Rao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science and Institute of Drug Development & Chemical BiologyZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
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34
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Zhang S, Struwe J, Hu L, Ackermann L. Nickela-electrocatalyzed C-H Alkoxylation with Secondary Alcohols: Oxidation-Induced Reductive Elimination at Nickel(III). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:3178-3183. [PMID: 31729814 PMCID: PMC7028089 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nickela-electrooxidative C-H alkoxylations with challenging secondary alcohols were accomplished in a fully dehydrogenative fashion, thereby avoiding stoichiometric chemical oxidants, with H2 as the only stoichiometric byproduct. The nickela-electrocatalyzed oxygenation proved viable with various (hetero)arenes, including naturally occurring secondary alcohols, without racemization. Detailed mechanistic investigation, including DFT calculations and cyclovoltammetric studies of a well-defined C-H activated nickel(III) intermediate, suggest an oxidation-induced reductive elimination at nickel(III).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou‐Kun Zhang
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Julia Struwe
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Lianrui Hu
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstrasse 237077GöttingenGermany
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35
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Kong W, Shen Z, Finger LH, Ackermann L. Elektrochemischer Zugang zu aza‐polycyclischen aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen: Rhoda‐elektrokatalytische Domino‐Alkin‐Anellierungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Jun Kong
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Zhigao Shen
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Lars H. Finger
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
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36
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Kong WJ, Shen Z, Finger LH, Ackermann L. Electrochemical Access to Aza-Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Rhoda-Electrocatalyzed Domino Alkyne Annulations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:5551-5556. [PMID: 31793169 PMCID: PMC7155118 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen-doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (aza-PAHs) have found broad applications in material sciences. Herein, a modular electrochemical synthesis of aza-PAHs was developed via a rhodium-catalyzed cascade C-H activation and alkyne annulation. A multifunctional O-methylamidoxime enabled the high chemo- and regioselectivity. The isolation of two key rhodacyclic intermediates made it possible to delineate the exact order of three C-H activation steps. In addition, the metalla-electrocatalyzed multiple C-H transformation is characterized by unique functional group tolerance, including highly reactive iodo and azido groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jun Kong
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Zhigao Shen
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lars H Finger
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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37
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Zhang S, Struwe J, Hu L, Ackermann L. Nickelaelektro‐katalysierte C‐H‐Alkoxylierung mit sekundären Alkoholen: oxidationsinduzierte reduktive Eliminierung an Nickel(III). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shou‐Kun Zhang
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Julia Struwe
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Lianrui Hu
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
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38
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Sen PP, Dagar N, Singh S, Roy VJ, Pathania V, Raha Roy S. Probing the versatility of metallo-electro hybrid catalysis: enabling access towards facile C–N bond formation. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:8994-9017. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01874k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Metallo-electro catalysis has emerged as sustainable alternate to conventional transition metal methodologies. This review highlights the recent advances for the formation of C–N bonds by merging transition metal catalysis with electrosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Pratim Sen
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi
- India
| | - Neha Dagar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi
- India
| | - Swati Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi
- India
| | - Vishal Jyoti Roy
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi
- India
| | - Vishali Pathania
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi
- India
| | - Sudipta Raha Roy
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi
- India
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39
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Li S, Jie K, Yan W, Pan Q, Zhang M, Wang Y, Fu Z, Guo S, Cai H. Selective C–C bond cleavage of amides fused to 8-aminoquinoline controlled by a catalyst and an oxidant. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:13820-13823. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04960c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, copper-catalyzed direct C–C bond cleavage of amides fused to 8-aminoquinoline as a directing group to form urea in the presence of amines and dioxygen is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang
- P. R. China
| | - Kun Jie
- Department of Chemistry
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang
- P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Yan
- Department of Chemistry
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang
- P. R. China
| | - Qingjun Pan
- Department of Chemistry
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang
- P. R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang
- P. R. China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang
- P. R. China
| | - Zhengjiang Fu
- Department of Chemistry
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang
- P. R. China
| | - Shengmei Guo
- Department of Chemistry
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang
- P. R. China
| | - Hu Cai
- Department of Chemistry
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang
- P. R. China
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40
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Yang QL, Xing YK, Wang XY, Ma HX, Weng XJ, Yang X, Guo HM, Mei TS. Electrochemistry-Enabled Ir-Catalyzed Vinylic C-H Functionalization. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:18970-18976. [PMID: 31714747 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Synergistic use of electrochemistry and organometallic catalysis has emerged as a powerful tool for site-selective C-H functionalization, yet this type of transformation has thus far mainly been limited to arene C-H functionalization. Herein, we report the development of electrochemical vinylic C-H functionalization of acrylic acids with alkynes. In this reaction an iridium catalyst enables C-H/O-H functionalization for alkyne annulation, affording α-pyrones with good to excellent yields in an undivided cell. Preliminary mechanistic studies show that anodic oxidation is crucial for releasing the product and regeneration of an Ir(III) intermediate from a diene-Ir(I) complex, which is a coordinatively saturated, 18-electron complex. Importantly, common chemical oxidants such as Ag(I) or Cu(II) did not give significant amounts of the desired product in the absence of electrical current under otherwise identical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Liang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu , Shanghai 200032 , China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , Henan 453007 , China
| | - Yi-Kang Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Hong-Xing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Xin-Jun Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Xiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Hai-Ming Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , Henan 453007 , China
| | - Tian-Sheng Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu , Shanghai 200032 , China
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41
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Fu N, Song L, Liu J, Shen Y, Siu JC, Lin S. New Bisoxazoline Ligands Enable Enantioselective Electrocatalytic Cyanofunctionalization of Vinylarenes. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:14480-14485. [PMID: 31498595 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to the rapid growth of synthetic electrochemistry in recent years, enantioselective catalytic methods powered by electricity remain rare. In this work, we report the development of a highly enantioselective method for the electrochemical cyanophosphinoylation of vinylarenes. A new family of serine-derived chiral bisoxazolines with ancillary coordination sites were identified as optimal ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niankai Fu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Lu Song
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Jinjian Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Yifan Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Juno C Siu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
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42
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Gryaznova TV, Kholin KV, Nikanshina EO, Khrizanforova VV, Strekalova SO, Fayzullin RR, Budnikova YH. Copper or Silver-Mediated Oxidative C(sp2)–H/N–H Cross-Coupling of Phthalimide and Heterocyclic Arenes: Access to N-Arylphthalimides. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana V. Gryaznova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Kirill V. Kholin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Elizaveta O. Nikanshina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Vera V. Khrizanforova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Sofia O. Strekalova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Robert R. Fayzullin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Yulia H. Budnikova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
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43
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Tian C, Dhawa U, Scheremetjew A, Ackermann L. Cupraelectro-Catalyzed Alkyne Annulation: Evidence for Distinct C–H Alkynylation and Decarboxylative C–H/C–C Manifolds. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b02348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Tian
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Uttam Dhawa
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexej Scheremetjew
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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44
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Lian F, Xu K, Meng W, Zhang H, Tan Z, Zeng C. Nickel-catalyzed electrochemical reductive decarboxylative coupling of N-hydroxyphthalimide esters with quinoxalinones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:14685-14688. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07840a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The first example of electrochemically enabled, NiCl2-catalyzed reductive decarboxylative coupling of N-hydroxyphthalimide esters with quinoxalinones was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Lian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology
- College of Life Science & Bioengineering
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing 100124
- China
| | - Kun Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology
- College of Life Science & Bioengineering
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing 100124
- China
| | - Wei Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology
- College of Life Science & Bioengineering
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing 100124
- China
| | - Haonan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology
- College of Life Science & Bioengineering
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing 100124
- China
| | - Zhoumei Tan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology
- College of Life Science & Bioengineering
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing 100124
- China
| | - Chengchu Zeng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology
- College of Life Science & Bioengineering
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing 100124
- China
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