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Shyam R, Sekhar Panda H, Mishra J, Jyoti Panda J, Kour A. Emerging biosensors in Phenylketonuria. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 559:119725. [PMID: 38734223 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder resulting from deficient phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) enzyme activity, leading to impaired phenylalanine (Phe) metabolism. This condition can lead to intellectual disability, epilepsy, and behavioural issues. Treatment typically involves strict dietary restrictions on natural protein intake, supplemented with chemically manufactured protein substitutes containing amino acids other than Phe. Various approaches, including casein glycomacropeptide (GMP), tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) therapy, large neutral amino acid (LNAA) supplementation, enzyme therapy, gene therapy, and medical therapies, aim to prevent Phe transport in the brain to potentially treat PKU. Although newborn screening programs and early dietary interventions have enhanced outcomes of the potential treatment strategies, limitations still persist in this direction. These involve potent accuracy concerns in diagnosis due to the existence of antibiotics in blood of PKU patients, affecting growth of the bacteria in the bacterial inhibition assay. Monitoring involves complex methods for instance, mass spectrometry and high-pressure liquid chromatography, which involve shortcomings such as lengthy protocols and the need for specialized equipment. To address these limitations, adaptable testing formats like bio/nano sensors are emerging with their cost-effectiveness, biodegradability, and rapid, accurate, and sensitive detection capabilities, offering promising alternatives for PKU diagnosis. This review provides insights into current treatment and diagnostic approaches, emphasizing on the potential applications of the diverse sensors intended for PKU diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Shyam
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab 140413, India
| | | | - Jibanananda Mishra
- School of Biosciences, RIMT University, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab 147301, India
| | - Jiban Jyoti Panda
- Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India.
| | - Avneet Kour
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab 140413, India.
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Adachi K, Azakami H, Yamauchi M, Koshoji M, Yamamoto A, Tanaka S. Cyclodextrin-Assisted Surface-Enhanced Photochromic Phenomena of Tungsten(VI) Oxide Nanoparticles for Label-Free Colorimetric Detection of Phenylalanine. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:18957-18972. [PMID: 38708261 PMCID: PMC11064177 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Herein are presented the results of experiments designed to evaluate the effectiveness of host-guest interactions in improving the sensitivity of colorimetric detection based on surface-enhanced photochromic phenomena of tungsten(VI) oxide (WO3) nanocolloid particles. The UV-induced photochromic coloration of WO3 nanocolloid particles in the presence of aromatic α-amino acid (AA), l-phenylalanine (Phe) or l-2-phenylglycine (Phg), and heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin (TMβCDx) in an aqueous system was investigated using UV-vis absorption spectrometry. The characteristics of the adsorption modes and configurations of AAs on the WO3 surface have also been identified by using a combination of adsorption isotherm analysis and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). A distinct linear relationship was observed between the concentration of AAs adsorbed on the WO3 nanocolloid particles and the initial photochromic coloration rate in the corresponding UV-irradiated colloidal WO3 in aqueous media, indicating that a simple and sensitive quantification of AAs can be achieved from UV-induced WO3 photochromic coloration without any complicated preprocessing. The proposed colorimetric assay in the Phe/TMβCDx/WO3 ternary aqueous system had a linear range of 1 × 10-8 to 1 × 10-4 mol dm-3 for Phe detection, with a limit of detection of 8.3 × 10-9 mol dm-3. The combined results from UV-vis absorption, ATR-FTIR, and adsorption isotherm experiments conclusively indicated that the TMβCDx-complexed Phe molecules in the Phe/TMβCDx/WO3 ternary aqueous system are preferentially and strongly inner-sphere adsorbed on the WO3 surface, resulting in a more significant surface-enhanced photochromic phenomenon. The findings in this study provided intriguing insights into the design and development of the "label-free" colorimetric assay system based on the surface-enhanced photochromic phenomenon of the WO3 nanocolloid probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Adachi
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences & Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
| | - Hiro Azakami
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences & Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
| | - Miyuki Yamauchi
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences & Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
| | - Moeka Koshoji
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yamaguchi
University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
| | - Asami Yamamoto
- Department
of Environmental Science & Engineering, Graduate School of Science
& Engineering, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
| | - Shohei Tanaka
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences & Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
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Zhong B, Qin X, Xu H, Liu L, Li L, Li Z, Cao L, Lou Z, Jackman JA, Cho NJ, Wang L. Interindividual- and blood-correlated sweat phenylalanine multimodal analytical biochips for tracking exercise metabolism. Nat Commun 2024; 15:624. [PMID: 38245507 PMCID: PMC10799919 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44751-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
In situ monitoring of endogenous amino acid loss through sweat can provide physiological insights into health and metabolism. However, existing amino acid biosensors are unable to quantitatively assess metabolic status during exercise and are rarely used to establish blood-sweat correlations because they only detect a single concentration indicator and disregard sweat rate. Here, we present a wearable multimodal biochip integrated with advanced electrochemical electrodes and multipurpose microfluidic channels that enables simultaneous quantification of multiple sweat indicators, including phenylalanine and chloride, as well as sweat rate. This combined measurement approach reveals a negative correlation between sweat phenylalanine levels and sweat rates among individuals, which further enables identification of individuals at high metabolic risk. By tracking phenylalanine fluctuations induced by protein intake during exercise and normalizing the concentration indicator by sweat rates to reduce interindividual variability, we demonstrate a reliable method to correlate and analyze sweat-blood phenylalanine levels for personal health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaokun Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hao Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lingchen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Linlin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhexin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Limin Cao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Zheng Lou
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Joshua A Jackman
- School of Chemical Engineering and Translational Nanobioscience Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Joon Cho
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637553, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lili Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Matulis P, Malys N. Nanomolar biosensor for detection of phenylacetic acid and L-phenylalanine. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Singh G, Diksha, xx M, Suman, Shilpy, Devi A, Gupta S, Yadav R, Sehgal R. Benzothiazole tethered triazole based potential antibacterial agent as a selective fluorometric probe for the detection of Al3+ ions and phenylalanine. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Melman Y, Katz E, Smutok O. Phenylalanine biosensor based on a nanostructured fiberglass paper support and fluorescent output signal readable with a smartphone. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Tsai ST, Cheng WJ, Zhang QX, Yeh YC. Gold-Specific Biosensor for Monitoring Wastewater Using Genetically Engineered Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:3576-3582. [PMID: 34860511 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factor-based whole-cell biosensors have recently become promising alternatives to conventional analytical methods due to their advantage of simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness. In this study, we used genetic engineering to develop a whole-cell biosensor based on the activation of promoters by CupR via interactions with gold ions, leading to the expression of reporter genes that yield output signals. Altering the promoter sequences was shown to significantly improve the performance of the biosensor strain in terms of gold-specificity. The detection sensitivity of our engineered strains was 42-fold higher than that of wild-type strains. The linear range of the purposed sensor was 125-1000 nM with a limit of detection at 46.5 nM. The effectiveness of the sensor strain was verified in wastewater samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ssu-Tzu Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jui Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Qian-Xian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Yeh
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
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Çimen D, Bereli N, Denizli A. Surface Plasmon Resonance Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymeric Film for l-Phenylalanine Detection. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:21. [PMID: 33467753 PMCID: PMC7830203 DOI: 10.3390/bios11010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we designed a simple, rapid, sensitive and selective surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor for detection of L-phenylalaine by utilizing molecular imprinting technology. l-phenylalanine imprinted and non-imprinted poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-methacryloyl-l-phenylalanine) polymeric films were synthesized onto SPR chip surfaces using ultraviolet polymerization. l-phenyalanine imprinted and non-imprinted SPR sensors were characterized by using contact angle, atomic force microscopy and ellipsometry. After characterization studies, kinetic studies were carried out in the concentration range of 5.0-400.0 μM. The limit of detection and quantification were obtained as 0.0085 and 0.0285 μM, respectively. The response time for the test including equilibration, adsorption and desorption was approximately 9 min. The selectivity studies of the l-phenylalanine imprinted SPR sensor was performed in the presence of d-phenylalanine and l-tryptophan. Validation studies were carried out via enzyme-linked immunosorbent analysis technique in order to demonstrate the applicability and superiority of the l-phenylalanine imprinted SPR sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adil Denizli
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; (D.Ç.); (N.B.)
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Guo M, Huang K, Xu W. Third Generation Whole-Cell Sensing Systems: Synthetic Biology Inside, Nanomaterial Outside. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 39:S0167-7799(20)30262-6. [PMID: 34756379 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Whole-cell sensing systems (WCSSs) are highly anticipated in the field of on-site detection. However, due to their low specificity, poor stability, and potential environmental problems, their commercial application is unrealistic. Recently, synthetic biology and nanomaterials have provided potential solutions to these problems, propelling WCSSs into a new generation. Synthetic biology provides a complete solution for the intelligent design and assembly of elements, modules, and genetic circuits. Nanomaterials covering the exterior of the cells provide stable protection, remote control capability, and catalytic ability for the WCSSs, and they can limit the horizontal transfer of genetic elements. These advancements enable personalized customization, intelligent control, and self-destruction in the next generation of cell sensors, promoting their industrialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Kunlun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety) (MOA), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wentao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety) (MOA), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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