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Purwidyantri A, Azinheiro S, García Roldán A, Jaegerova T, Vilaça A, Machado R, Cerqueira MF, Borme J, Domingues T, Martins M, Alpuim P, Prado M. Integrated Approach from Sample-to-Answer for Grapevine Varietal Identification on a Portable Graphene Sensor Chip. ACS Sens 2023; 8:640-654. [PMID: 36657739 PMCID: PMC9973367 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Identifying grape varieties in wine, related products, and raw materials is of great interest for enology and to ensure its authenticity. However, these matrices' complexity and low DNA content make this analysis particularly challenging. Integrating DNA analysis with 2D materials, such as graphene, offers an advantageous pathway toward ultrasensitive DNA detection. Here, we show that monolayer graphene provides an optimal test bed for nucleic acid detection with single-base resolution. Graphene's ultrathinness creates a large surface area with quantum confinement in the perpendicular direction that, upon functionalization, provides multiple sites for DNA immobilization and efficient detection. Its highly conjugated electronic structure, high carrier mobility, zero-energy band gap with the associated gating effect, and chemical inertness explain graphene's superior performance. For the first time, we present a DNA-based analytic tool for grapevine varietal discrimination using an integrated portable biosensor based on a monolayer graphene field-effect transistor array. The system comprises a wafer-scale fabricated graphene chip operated under liquid gating and connected to a miniaturized electronic readout. The platform can distinguish closely related grapevine varieties, thanks to specific DNA probes immobilized on the sensor, demonstrating high specificity even for discriminating single-nucleotide polymorphisms, which is hard to achieve with a classical end-point polymerase chain reaction or quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The sensor was operated in ultralow DNA concentrations, with a dynamic range of 1 aM to 0.1 nM and an attomolar detection limit of ∼0.19 aM. The reported biosensor provides a promising way toward developing decentralized analytical tools for tracking wine authenticity at different points of the food value chain, enabling data transmission and contributing to the digitalization of the agro-food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Purwidyantri
- International
Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga4715-330, Portugal
| | - Sarah Azinheiro
- International
Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga4715-330, Portugal
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, School of Veterinary
Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus of Lugo, Lugo27002, Spain
| | - Aitor García Roldán
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, School of Veterinary
Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus of Lugo, Lugo27002, Spain
| | - Tereza Jaegerova
- Department
of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 6, Prague166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Adriana Vilaça
- International
Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga4715-330, Portugal
| | - Rofer Machado
- Centre
of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga4710-057, Portugal
| | - M. Fátima Cerqueira
- International
Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga4715-330, Portugal
- Center
of Physics of the Universities of Minho and Porto, University of Minho, Braga4710-057, Portugal
| | - Jérôme Borme
- International
Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga4715-330, Portugal
| | - Telma Domingues
- International
Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga4715-330, Portugal
- Center
of Physics of the Universities of Minho and Porto, University of Minho, Braga4710-057, Portugal
| | - Marco Martins
- International
Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga4715-330, Portugal
| | - Pedro Alpuim
- International
Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga4715-330, Portugal
- Center
of Physics of the Universities of Minho and Porto, University of Minho, Braga4710-057, Portugal
| | - Marta Prado
- International
Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga4715-330, Portugal
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Electrochemically decorated gold nanoparticles on CVD graphene ChemFET sensor for the highly sensitive detection of As(III). Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Piccinini E, Fenoy GE, Cantillo AL, Allegretto JA, Scotto J, Piccinini JM, Marmisollé WA, Azzaroni O. Biofunctionalization of Graphene-Based FET Sensors through Heterobifunctional Nanoscaffolds: Technology Validation toward Rapid COVID-19 Diagnostics and Monitoring. ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES 2022; 9:2102526. [PMID: 35538925 PMCID: PMC9073996 DOI: 10.1002/admi.202102526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The biofunctionalization of graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs) through vinylsulfonated-polyethyleneimine nanoscaffold is presented for enhanced biosensing of severe acute respiratory-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein and human ferritin, two targets of great importance for the rapid diagnostic and monitoring of individuals with COVID-19. The heterobifunctional nanoscaffold enables covalent immobilization of binding proteins and antifouling polymers while the whole architecture is attached to graphene by multivalent π-π interactions. First, to optimize the sensing platform, concanavalin A is employed for glycoprotein detection. Then, monoclonal antibodies specific against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and human ferritin are anchored, yielding biosensors with limit of detections of 0.74 and 0.23 nm, and apparent affinity constants (K D G F E T ) of 6.7 and 8.8 nm, respectively. Both biosensing platforms show good specificity, fast time response, and wide dynamic range (0.1-100 nm). Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is also detected in spiked nasopharyngeal swab samples. To rigorously validate this biosensing technology, the GFET response is matched with surface plasmon resonance measurements, exhibiting linear correlations (from 2 to 100 ng cm-2) and good agreement in terms of K D values. Finally, the performance of the biosensors fabricated through the nanoscaffold strategy is compared with those obtained through the widely employed monopyrene approach, showing enhanced sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Piccinini
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA)Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias ExactasUniversidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)CONICET. 64 and 113Buenos Aires1900Argentina
| | - Gonzalo E. Fenoy
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA)Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias ExactasUniversidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)CONICET. 64 and 113Buenos Aires1900Argentina
| | - Agustín L. Cantillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA)Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias ExactasUniversidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)CONICET. 64 and 113Buenos Aires1900Argentina
- GISENS BIOTECHBuenos AiresC1414BPVArgentina
| | - Juan A. Allegretto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA)Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias ExactasUniversidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)CONICET. 64 and 113Buenos Aires1900Argentina
| | - Juliana Scotto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA)Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias ExactasUniversidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)CONICET. 64 and 113Buenos Aires1900Argentina
| | | | - Waldemar A. Marmisollé
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA)Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias ExactasUniversidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)CONICET. 64 and 113Buenos Aires1900Argentina
| | - Omar Azzaroni
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA)Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias ExactasUniversidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)CONICET. 64 and 113Buenos Aires1900Argentina
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4
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Woo SO, Oh M, Alhalhooly L, Farmakes J, Rajapakse AJ, Yang Z, Collins PG, Choi Y. Different Single-Enzyme Conformational Dynamics upon Binding Hydrolyzable or Nonhydrolyzable Ligands. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:5750-5756. [PMID: 34038124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c01589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Single-molecule measurements of protein dynamics help unveil the complex conformational changes and transitions that occur during ligand binding and catalytic processes. Using high-resolution single-molecule nanocircuit techniques, we have investigated differences in the conformational dynamics and transitions of lysozyme interacting with three ligands: peptidoglycan substrate, substrate-based chitin analogue, and indole derivative inhibitors. While processing peptidoglycan, lysozyme followed one of the two mechanistic pathways for the hydrolysis of the glycosidic bonds: a concerted mechanism inducing direct conformational changes from open to fully closed conformations or a nonconcerted mechanism involving transient pauses in intermediate conformations between the open and closed conformations. In the presence of either chitin or an indole inhibitor, lysozyme was unable to access the fully closed conformation where catalysis occurs. Instead, lysozymes' conformational closures terminated at slightly closed, "excited" conformations that were approximately one-quarter of the full hinge-bending range. With the indole inhibitor, lysozyme reached this excited conformation in a single step without any evidence of rate-liming intermediates, but the same conformational motions with chitin involved three hidden, intermediate processes and features similar to the nonconcerted peptidoglycan mechanism. The similarities suggest that these hidden processes involve attempts to accommodate imperfectly aligned polysaccharides in the active site. The results provide a detailed glimpse of the enzyme-ligand interplay at the crux of molecular recognition, enzyme specificity, and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Oh Woo
- Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 5810, United States
| | - Myungkeun Oh
- Materials and Nanotechnology Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Lina Alhalhooly
- Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 5810, United States
| | - Jasmin Farmakes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Arith J Rajapakse
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Zhongyu Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Philip G Collins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Yongki Choi
- Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 5810, United States.,Materials and Nanotechnology Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
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Ramadan S, Lobo R, Zhang Y, Xu L, Shaforost O, Kwong Hong Tsang D, Feng J, Yin T, Qiao M, Rajeshirke A, Jiao LR, Petrov PK, Dunlop IE, Titirici MM, Klein N. Carbon-Dot-Enhanced Graphene Field-Effect Transistors for Ultrasensitive Detection of Exosomes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:7854-7864. [PMID: 33560115 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs) are suitable building blocks for high-performance electrical biosensors, because graphene inherently exhibits a strong response to charged biomolecules on its surface. However, achieving ultralow limit-of-detection (LoD) is limited by sensor response time and screening effect. Herein, we demonstrate that the detection limit of GFET biosensors can be improved significantly by decorating the uncovered graphene sensor area with carbon dots (CDs). The developed CDs-GFET biosensors used for exosome detection exhibited higher sensitivity, faster response, and three orders of magnitude improvements in the LoD compared with nondecorated GFET biosensors. A LoD down to 100 particles/μL was achieved with CDs-GFET sensor for exosome detection with the capability for further improvements. The results were further supported by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and fluorescent microscopy measurements. The high-performance CDs-GFET biosensors will aid the development of an ultrahigh sensitivity biosensing platform based on graphene for rapid and early diagnosis of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Ramadan
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Lobo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Yuanzhou Zhang
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Lizhou Xu
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Olena Shaforost
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jingyu Feng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Tianyi Yin
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Mo Qiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Anvesh Rajeshirke
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Long R Jiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Division of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Peter K Petrov
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Iain E Dunlop
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Maria-Magdalena Titirici
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Norbert Klein
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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