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Truong MA, Ueberricke L, Funasaki T, Adachi Y, Hira S, Hu S, Yamada T, Sekiguchi N, Nakamura T, Murdey R, Iikubo S, Kanemitsu Y, Wakamiya A. Tetrapodal Hole-Collecting Monolayer Materials Based on Saddle-Like Cyclooctatetraene Core for Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202412939. [PMID: 39115106 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202412939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Hole-collecting monolayers have greatly advanced the development of positive-intrinsic-negative perovskite solar cells (p-i-n PSCs). To date, however, most of the anchoring groups in the reported monolayer materials are designed to bind to the transparent conductive oxide (TCO) surface, resulting in less availability for other functions such as tuning the wettability of the monolayer surface. In this work, we developed two anchorable molecules, 4PATTI-C3 and 4PATTI-C4, by employing a saddle-like indole-fused cyclooctatetraene as a π-core with four phosphonic acid anchoring groups linked through propyl or butyl chains. Both molecules form monolayers on TCO substrates. Thanks to the saddle shape of a cyclooctatetraene skeleton, two of the four phosphonic acid anchoring groups were found to point upward, resulting in hydrophilic surfaces. Compared to the devices using 4PATTI-C4 as the hole-collecting monolayer, 4PATTI-C3-based devices exhibit a faster hole-collection process, leading to higher power conversion efficiencies of up to 21.7 % and 21.4 % for a mini-cell (0.1 cm2) and a mini-module (1.62 cm2), respectively, together with good operational stability. This work represents how structural modification of multipodal molecules could substantially modulate the functions of the hole-collecting monolayers after being adsorbed onto TCO substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Anh Truong
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Lucas Ueberricke
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Funasaki
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yuta Adachi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shota Hira
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shuaifeng Hu
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Takumi Yamada
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Naomu Sekiguchi
- Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan
| | - Tomoya Nakamura
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Richard Murdey
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Satoshi Iikubo
- Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kanemitsu
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Atsushi Wakamiya
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
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Puerto Galvis CE, González Ruiz DA, Martínez-Ferrero E, Palomares E. Challenges in the design and synthesis of self-assembling molecules as selective contacts in perovskite solar cells. Chem Sci 2024; 15:1534-1556. [PMID: 38303950 PMCID: PMC10829004 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04668k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Self-assembling molecules (SAMs), as selective contacts, play an important role in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), determining the performance and stability of these photovoltaic devices. These materials offer many advantages over other traditional materials used as hole-selective contacts, as they can be easily deposited on a large area of metal oxides, can modify the work function of these substrates, and reduce optical and electric losses with low material consumption. However, the most interesting thing about SAMs is that by modifying the chemical structure of the small molecules used, the energy levels, molecular dipoles, and surface properties of this assembled monolayer can be modulated to fine-tune the desired interactions between the substrate and the active layer. Due to the important role of organic chemistry in the field of photovoltaics, in this review, we will cover the current challenges for the design and synthesis of SAMs PSCs. Discussing, the structural features that define a SAM, (ii) disclosing how commercial molecules inspired the synthesis of new SAMs; and (iii) detailing the pros- and cons- of the reported synthetic protocols that have been employed for the synthesis of molecules for SAMs, helping synthetic chemists to develop novel structures and promoting the fast industrialization of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E Puerto Galvis
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) Avda. Països Catalans, 16 Tarragona Spain
| | - Dora A González Ruiz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) Avda. Països Catalans, 16 Tarragona Spain
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica., Universitat Rovira i Virgili Avda. Països Catalans, 26 Tarragona Spain
| | | | - Emilio Palomares
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) Avda. Països Catalans, 16 Tarragona Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) Passeig Lluïs Companys, 23 Barcelona Spain
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3
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Yeo D, Shin J, Kim D, Jaung JY, Jung IH. Self-Assembled Monolayer-Based Hole-Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:175. [PMID: 38251141 PMCID: PMC10818599 DOI: 10.3390/nano14020175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Ever since self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) were adopted as hole-transporting layers (HTL) for perovskite solar cells (PSCs), numerous SAMs for HTL have been synthesized and reported. SAMs offer several unique advantages including relatively simple synthesis, straightforward molecular engineering, effective surface modification using small amounts of molecules, and suitability for large-area device fabrication. In this review, we discuss recent developments of SAM-based hole-transporting materials (HTMs) for PSCs. Notably, in this article, SAM-based HTMs have been categorized by similarity of synthesis to provide general information for building a SAM structure. SAMs are composed of head, linker, and anchoring groups, and the selection of anchoring groups is key to design the synthetic procedure of SAM-based HTMs. In addition, the working mechanism of SAM-based HTMs has been visualized and explained to provide inspiration for finding new head and anchoring groups that have not yet been explored. Furthermore, both photovoltaic properties and device stabilities have been discussed and summarized, expanding reader's understanding of the relationship between the structure and performance of SAMs-based PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jae Yun Jaung
- Department of Organic and Nano Engineering, and Human-Tech Convergence Program, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; (D.Y.); (J.S.); (D.K.)
| | - In Hwan Jung
- Department of Organic and Nano Engineering, and Human-Tech Convergence Program, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; (D.Y.); (J.S.); (D.K.)
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4
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Daskeviciute-Geguziene S, Truong MA, Rakstys K, Daskeviciene M, Hashimoto R, Murdey R, Yamada T, Kanemitsu Y, Jankauskas V, Wakamiya A, Getautis V. In Situ Thermal Cross-Linking of 9,9'-Spirobifluorene-Based Hole-Transporting Layer for Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:1206-1216. [PMID: 38117238 PMCID: PMC10788832 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
A novel 9,9'-spirobifluorene derivative bearing thermally cross-linkable vinyl groups (V1382) was developed as a hole-transporting material for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). After thermal cross-linking, a smooth and solvent-resistant three-dimensional (3D) polymeric network is formed such that orthogonal solvents are no longer needed to process subsequent layers. Copolymerizing V1382 with 4,4'-thiobisbenzenethiol (dithiol) lowers the cross-linking temperature to 103 °C via the facile thiol-ene "click" reaction. The effectiveness of the cross-linked V1382/dithiol was demonstrated both as a hole-transporting material in p-i-n and as an interlayer between the perovskite and the hole-transporting layer in n-i-p PSC devices. Both devices exhibit better power conversion efficiencies and operational stability than devices using conventional PTAA or Spiro-OMeTAD hole-transporting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Minh Anh Truong
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kasparas Rakstys
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University
of Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, Kaunas 50254, Lithuania
| | - Maryte Daskeviciene
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University
of Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, Kaunas 50254, Lithuania
| | - Ruito Hashimoto
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Richard Murdey
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Takumi Yamada
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kanemitsu
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Vygintas Jankauskas
- Institute
of Chemical Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 3, Vilnius 10257, Lithuania
| | - Atsushi Wakamiya
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Vytautas Getautis
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University
of Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, Kaunas 50254, Lithuania
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5
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González DA, Puerto Galvis CE, Li W, Méndez M, Aktas E, Eugenia Martínez-Ferrero, Palomares E. Influence of the carbazole moiety in self-assembling molecules as selective contacts in perovskite solar cells: interfacial charge transfer kinetics and solar-to-energy efficiency effects. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:6542-6547. [PMID: 38024303 PMCID: PMC10662120 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00811h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The use of self-assembled molecules (SAMs) as hole transport materials (HTMs) in p-i-n perovskite solar cells (iPSCs) has triggered widespread research due to their relatively easy synthetic methods, suitable energy level alignment with the perovskite material and the suppression of chemical defects. Herein, three new SAMs have been designed and synthesised based on a carbazole core moiety and modified functional groups through an efficient synthetic protocol. The SAMs have been used to understand the SAM/perovskite interface interactions and establish the relationship between the SAM molecular structure and the resulting performance of the perovskite-based devices. The best devices show efficiencies ranging from 18.9% to 17.5% under standard illumination conditions, which are very close to that of our benchmark EADR03, which has been recently commercialised. Our work aims to provide knowledge on the structure of the molecules versus device function relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora A González
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA) Avda. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Department of Electric, Electronic and Automatic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili Avda. Països Catalans 26 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Carlos E Puerto Galvis
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA) Avda. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Wenhui Li
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA) Avda. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Maria Méndez
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA) Avda. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Ece Aktas
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA) Avda. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Eugenia Martínez-Ferrero
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA) Avda. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Emilio Palomares
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA) Avda. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- ICREA Passeig Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
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6
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Royo R, Sánchez JG, Li W, Martinez-Ferrero E, Palomares E, Andreu R, Franco S. Novel Spiro-Core Dopant-Free Hole Transporting Material for Planar Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2042. [PMID: 37513053 PMCID: PMC10385314 DOI: 10.3390/nano13142042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Hole-transporting materials (HTMs) have demonstrated their crucial role in promoting charge extraction, interface recombination, and device stability in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we present the synthesis of a novel dopant-free spiro-type fluorine core-based HTM with four ethoxytriisopropylsilane groups (Syl-SC) for inverted planar perovskite solar cells (iPSCs). The thickness of the Syl-SC influences the performance of iPSCs. The best-performing iPSC is achieved with a 0.8 mg/mL Syl-SC solution (ca. 15 nm thick) and exhibits a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.77%, with Jsc = 20.00 mA/cm2, Voc = 1.006 V, and FF = 80.10%. As compared to devices based on PEDOT:PSS, the iPSCs based on Syl-SC exhibit a higher Voc, leading to a higher PCE. Additionally, it has been found that Syl-SC can more effectively suppress charge interfacial recombination in comparison to PEDOT:PSS, which results in an improvement in fill factor. Therefore, Syl-SC, a facilely processed and efficient hole-transporting material, presents a promising cost-effective alternative for inverted perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Royo
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Departamento de Química Orgánica, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José G Sánchez
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (ICIQ-BIST), Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Wenhui Li
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (ICIQ-BIST), Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Eugenia Martinez-Ferrero
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (ICIQ-BIST), Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Emilio Palomares
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (ICIQ-BIST), Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluïs Companys, 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Andreu
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Departamento de Química Orgánica, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Santiago Franco
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Departamento de Química Orgánica, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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7
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Truong MA, Funasaki T, Ueberricke L, Nojo W, Murdey R, Yamada T, Hu S, Akatsuka A, Sekiguchi N, Hira S, Xie L, Nakamura T, Shioya N, Kan D, Tsuji Y, Iikubo S, Yoshida H, Shimakawa Y, Hasegawa T, Kanemitsu Y, Suzuki T, Wakamiya A. Tripodal Triazatruxene Derivative as a Face-On Oriented Hole-Collecting Monolayer for Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:7528-7539. [PMID: 36947735 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Hole-collecting monolayers have drawn attention in perovskite solar cell research due to their ease of processing, high performance, and good durability. Since molecules in the hole-collecting monolayer are typically composed of functionalized π-conjugated structures, hole extraction is expected to be more efficient when the π-cores are oriented face-on with respect to the adjacent surfaces. However, strategies for reliably controlling the molecular orientation in monolayers remain elusive. In this work, multiple phosphonic acid anchoring groups were used to control the molecular orientation of a series of triazatruxene derivatives chemisorbed on a transparent conducting oxide electrode surface. Using infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy and metastable atom electron spectroscopy, we found that multipodal derivatives align face-on to the electrode surface, while the monopodal counterpart adopts a more tilted configuration. The face-on orientation was found to facilitate hole extraction, leading to inverted perovskite solar cells with enhanced stability and high-power conversion efficiencies up to 23.0%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Anh Truong
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Funasaki
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Lucas Ueberricke
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Wataru Nojo
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Richard Murdey
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Takumi Yamada
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shuaifeng Hu
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Aruto Akatsuka
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Naomu Sekiguchi
- Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Shota Hira
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Lingling Xie
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Tomoya Nakamura
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Shioya
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kan
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yuta Tsuji
- Department of Advanced Analytical Science for Materials and Devices, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Satoshi Iikubo
- Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yoshida
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
- Molecular Chirality Research Center, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Yuichi Shimakawa
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hasegawa
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kanemitsu
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Takanori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Atsushi Wakamiya
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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