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Ahmad A, Qureshi AS, Hassan A, Arshad M, Khurshid H, Mehmood U, Guo X. Synthesis of reduced graphene oxide supported FeCu and its environmental applications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34965-5. [PMID: 39287738 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34965-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
A significant share of wastewater produced during different processes is released to the surroundings without further treatment. Therefore, polluted water sources are triggering diseases like typhoid. To avoid this, various techniques have been developed for the removal of contaminants from the water. Iron-copper bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) supported on the reduced graphene oxide (rGOFeCu) were prepared which showed excellent antibacterial activity, efficient dechlorination of 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA), and removal of methylene blue (MB). The characterization of prepared nanocomposites was done by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Iron-based bimetallic NPs supported on the graphene were successfully synthesized as confirmed by TEM. Iron has a strong antibacterial effect on microorganisms, especially bacteria. We conducted the antibacterial activity of different compositions of nanocomposite toward Escherichia coli to understand the efficacy of prepared nanocomposites. In the same time and concentration conditions, rGOFeCu showed the best antibacterial activity, as compared to the graphene-based iron. Results show that the excellent antibacterial activity was exhibited by using rGO-Fe95Cu05 within two hours. More than 98% of cell inhibition was observed. The further increase in copper loading has no major effect on antibacterial activity. rGO-Fe95Cu05 exhibited excellent removal efficiency of TCA (99%) within 30 min as compared to other compositions of FeCu. It was found that rGO-Fe95Cu05 exhibited excellent removal efficiency against degradation of methylene blue (MB) through activation of sodium percarbonate (SPC). The results indicated that more than 99% of MB was removed within 15 min. The rGOFeCu represented a great potential material for antibacterial activity towards E. coli and remediation of other pollutants in the wastewater such as TCA and removal of MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayyaz Ahmad
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, MNS University of Engineering and Technology, Multan, Pakistan.
| | - Abdul Sattar Qureshi
- Institute of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Ali Hassan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, MNS University of Engineering and Technology, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Hifsa Khurshid
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials, King Fahad University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), 31261, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Umar Mehmood
- Punjab Human Capital Investment Project, Planning & Development Board, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Xuhong Guo
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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2
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Wang Y, Tang Y, Jiang W, Qin Q, Lu R, Xu Y. Weak static magnetic fields facilitated highly efficient 2,4,6-trichlorophenol removal by sulfurized nanoscale zero-valent iron supported on biochar (BC-SNZVI) at neutral pH. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 366:121805. [PMID: 39018859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Sulfurized nanoscale zero-valent iron supported on biochar (BC-SNZVI) has been successfully synthesized for 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) removal, while was only effectively under acidic conditions. To obtain highly efficient removal of 2,4,6-TCP within a broader pH range, weak static magnetic fields (WMF) was applied in BC-SNZVI/2,4,6-TCP aqueous systems. Results showed 30 mT WMF supported the most extensive 2,4,6-TCP removal, and 87.4% of 2,4,6-TCP (initial concentration of 30 mg/L) was removed by 0.5 g/L BC-SNZVI at neutral pH (pH = 6.8) within 180 min, which was increased by 54.4% compared to that without WMF. The observed rate constant (Kobs) under 30 mT WMF was 2.1-fold greater than that without WMF. Although three typical anions (NO3- (0.5-10.0 mM), H2PO4- (0.05-0.5 mM), and HCO3- (0.5-5.0 mM)) still inhibited 2,4,6-TCP removal, WMF could efficiently alleviate the inhibitory effects. Moreover, 73.1% of 2,4,6-TCP was successfully removed by BC-SNZVI under WMF in natural water. WMF remarkably boosted the dechlorination of 2,4,6-TCP, increasing the 2,4,6-TCP dechlorination efficiency from 45.2% (in the absence of WMF) to 83.8% (in the presence of WMF) by the end of 300 min. And the complete dechlorination product phenol appeared within 10 min. Force analysis confirmed the magnetic field gradient force (FB) moved paramagnetic Fe2+ at the SNZVI surface along the direction perpendicular to the external applied field, promoting the mass-transfer controlled SNZVI corrosion. Corrosion resistance analysis revealed WMF promoted the electron-transfer controlled SNZVI corrosion by decreasing its self-corrosion potential (Ecorr). With the introduction of sulfur, the magnitude of FB doubled and the Ecorr decreased comparing with NZVI. Our findings provide a facile and viable strategy for treating chlorinated phenols at neutral pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China.
| | - Yanqiang Tang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China.
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China.
| | - Qingdong Qin
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China.
| | - Rongsheng Lu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China.
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China.
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3
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Liang Z, Jiang C, Li Y, Liu Y, Yu J, Zhang T, Alvarez PJJ, Chen W. Single-Atom Iron Can Steer Atomic Hydrogen toward Selective Reductive Dechlorination: Implications for Remediation of Chlorinated Solvents-Impacted Groundwater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:11833-11842. [PMID: 38910294 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c02756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Atomic hydrogen (H*) is a powerful and versatile reductant and has tremendous potential in the degradation of oxidized pollutants (e.g., chlorinated solvents). However, its application for groundwater remediation is hindered by the scavenging side reaction of H2 evolution. Herein, we report that a composite material (Fe0@Fe-N4-C), consisting of zerovalent iron (Fe0) nanoparticles and nitrogen-coordinated single-atom Fe (Fe-N4), can effectively steer H* toward reductive dechlorination of trichloroethylene (TCE), a common groundwater contaminant and primary risk driver at many hazardous waste sites. The Fe-N4 structure strengthens the bond between surface Fe atoms and H*, inhibiting H2 evolution. Nonetheless, H* is available for dechlorination, as the adsorption of TCE weakens this bond. Interestingly, H* also enhances electron delocalization and transfer between adsorbed TCE and surface Fe atoms, increasing the reactivity of adsorbed TCE with H*. Consequently, Fe0@Fe-N4-C exhibits high electron selectivity (up to 86%) toward dechlorination, as well as a high TCE degradation kinetic constant. This material is resilient against water matrix interferences, achieving long-lasting performance for effective TCE removal. These findings shed light on the utilization of H* for the in situ remediation of groundwater contaminated with chlorinated solvents, by rational design of earth-abundant metal-based single-atom catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongsheng Liang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Chuanjia Jiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yueyue Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yaqi Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jiaguo Yu
- Laboratory of Solar Fuel, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 68 Jincheng Street, Wuhan 430078, P. R. China
| | - Tong Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Pedro J J Alvarez
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
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4
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Fan B, Chen S, Zhu C, Zhu F, Huang D, Si D, Zhou B, Zhou D, He F, Gao S. Key role of hydrogen atoms in the preparation of sulfidated zero valent iron. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 256:121573. [PMID: 38608618 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Sulfidated zero valent iron (ZVI) is a popular material for the reductive degradation of halogenated organic pollutants. Simple and economic synthesis of this material is highly demanded. In this study, sulfidated micro/nanostructured ZVI (MNZVI) particles were prepared by simply heating MNZVI particles and sulfur elements (S0) in pure water (50℃). The iron oxides on the surface of MNZVI particles were conducive to sulfidation reaction, indicating the formation of iron-sulphide minerals (FeSx) on the surface of MNZVI particles might not be from the direct reaction of Fe0 with S0 (Fe0 and S0 acted as reductant and oxidant, respectively). As an important reductant, hydrogen atom (H•) can be generated from the reduction of H+ by MNZVI particles and participate in the formation of FeSx. Quenching experiment and cyclic voltammetry analysis proved the existence of H• on the surface of MNZVI particles. DFT calculation found that the potential barrier of H•/S0 and Fe0/S0 were 1.91 and 7.24 eV, respectively, indicating that S0 would preferentially react with H• instead of Fe0. The formed H• can quickly react with S0 to generate hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which can further react with iron oxides such as α-Fe2O3 on the surface of MNZVI particles to form FeSx. In addition, the H2 partial pressure in water significantly affected the amount of H• generated, thereby affecting the sulfidation efficiency. For TCE degradation, as the sulfur loading of sulfidated MNZVI particles increased, the contribution of H• significantly decreased while the contribution of direct electron transfer increased. This study provided new insights into the synthesis mechanism of sulfidated ZVI in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Si Chen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Changyin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Fengxiao Zhu
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Danyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Dunfeng Si
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Bingnan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Feng He
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Shixiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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5
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Ojo O, Vaňková Z, Beesley L, Wickramasinghe N, Komárek M. Evaluating the effectiveness of sulfidated nano zerovalent iron and sludge co-application for reducing metal mobility in contaminated soil. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8322. [PMID: 38594335 PMCID: PMC11004183 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59059-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Sewage sludge has long been applied to soils as a fertilizer yet may be enriched with leachable metal(loid)s and other pollutants. Sulfidated nanoscale zerovalent iron (S-nZVI) has proven effective at metal sorption; however, risks associated with the use of engineered nanoparticles cannot be neglected. This study investigated the effects of the co-application of composted sewage sludge with S-nZVI for the stabilization of Cd, Pb, Fe, Zn. Five treatments (control, Fe grit, composted sludge, S-nZVI, composted sludge and S-nZVI), two leaching fluids; synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP) and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) fluid were used, samples were incubated at different time intervals of 1 week, 1, 3, and 6 months. Fe grit proved most efficient in reducing the concentration of extractable metals in the batch experiment; the mixture of composted sludge and S-nZVI was the most effective in reducing the leachability of metals in the column systems, while S-nZVI was the most efficient for reducing about 80% of Zn concentration in soil solution. Thus, the combination of two amendments, S-nZVI incorporated with composted sewage sludge and Fe grit proved most effective at reducing metal leaching and possibly lowering the associated risks. Future work should investigate the longer-term efficiency of this combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omolola Ojo
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Vaňková
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic.
| | - Luke Beesley
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Niluka Wickramasinghe
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Komárek
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic
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6
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Brumovský M, Tunega D. Reductive Dechlorination of Chlorinated Ethenes at the Sulfidated Zero-Valent Iron Surface: A Mechanistic DFT Study. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2024; 128:4180-4191. [PMID: 38505149 PMCID: PMC10945477 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c00865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Sulfidated nano- and microscale zero-valent iron (S-(n)ZVI) has shown enhanced selectivity and reactive lifetime in the degradation of chlorinated ethenes (CEs) compared to pristine (n)ZVI. However, varying effects of sulfidation on the dechlorination rates of structurally similar CEs have been reported, with the underlying mechanisms remaining poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the β-dichloroelimination reactions of tetrachloroethene (PCE), trichloroethene (TCE), cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cis-DCE), and trans-1,2-dichloroethene (trans-DCE) at the S and Fe sites of several S-(n)ZVI surface models by using density functional theory. Dechlorination reactions were both kinetically and thermodynamically more favorable at Fe sites compared to S sites, indicating that maintaining the accessibility of reactive Fe sites is crucial for achieving high S-(n)ZVI reactivity with contaminants. At Fe sites adjacent to S atoms, the reactivity for CE dechlorination followed the order trans-DCE ≈ TCE > cis-DCE > PCE. PCE degradation was hindered at these sites due to the steric effects of S atoms. At the S sites, the energy barriers correlated with the CEs' energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital in the order PCE < TCE < DCE isomers. Our findings reveal that the experimentally observed selectivity of S-(n)ZVI materials for individual CEs can be explained by an interplay of the varying reactivities of Fe and S sites in CE dechlorination reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Brumovský
- University of Natural Resources
and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Tunega
- University of Natural Resources
and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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7
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Formentini TA, Cornelis G, Gustafsson JP, Leicht K, Tiberg C, Planer-Friedrich B, Durant N, Fan D, Kleja DB. Immobilizing arsenic in contaminated anoxic aquifer sediment using sulfidated and uncoated zero-valent iron (ZVI). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 462:132743. [PMID: 37837779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is carcinogenic and of major concern in groundwater. We collected sediment material from a contaminated anoxic aquifer in Sweden and investigated the immobilization of As by four commercial zero-valent iron (ZVI) particles. Solid-phase As and Fe speciation was assessed using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and solution-phase As speciation using chromatographic separation. Without ZVI addition, arsenite dominated in solution and As(V) species in the solid phase. Adding ZVI caused a sharp increase in solution pH (9.3-9.8), favoring As oxidation despite a lowered redox potential. ZVI greatly improved As retention by complex binding of arsenate to the Fe(III) (hydr)oxides formed by ZVI corrosion. Uncoated ZVI, both in nano- and microscale, performed better than their sulfidated counterparts, partly due to occlusion of As by the Fe(III) (hydr)oxides formed. The effect of particle size (micro vs. nano ZVI) on As immobilization was small, likely because immobilization was related to the corrosion products formed, rather than the initial size of the particles. Our results provide a strong geochemical background for the application of ZVI particles to remove As in contaminated aquifers under anoxic conditions and illustrate that immobilization mechanisms can differ between ZVI in As spiked solutions and sediment suspensions. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: Arsenic ranks first on the list by the US ATSDR of substances posing a threat to human health and the WHO considers groundwater the riskiest source for human intake of As. However, dealing with As contamination remains a scientific challenge. We studied the immobilization of groundwater As by commercially available ZVI particles at field-realistic conditions. Arsenic immobilization was highly efficient in most cases, and the results suggest this is a promising in situ strategy with long-term performance. Our results provide a strong geochemical background for using ZVI to remove As in contaminated anoxic aquifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Augusto Formentini
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P. O. Box 7014, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Geert Cornelis
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P. O. Box 7014, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jon Petter Gustafsson
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P. O. Box 7014, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kathrin Leicht
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P. O. Box 7014, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Charlotta Tiberg
- Swedish Geotechnical Institute (SGI), SE-581 93 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Britta Planer-Friedrich
- Environmental Geochemistry Group, Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research (BAYCEER), Bayreuth University, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Neal Durant
- Geosyntec Consultants, Inc, 10211 Wincopin Circle, 4th Floor, Columbia, MD 21044, USA
| | - Dimin Fan
- Geosyntec Consultants, Inc, 10211 Wincopin Circle, 4th Floor, Columbia, MD 21044, USA
| | - Dan B Kleja
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P. O. Box 7014, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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Brumovský M, Tunega D. Intrinsic Effects of Sulfidation on the Reactivity of Zero-Valent Iron With Trichloroethene: A DFT Study. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:21063-21074. [PMID: 37937157 PMCID: PMC10626624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c04459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Sulfidation represents a promising approach to enhance the selectivity and longevity of zero-valent iron (ZVI) in water treatment, particularly for nanoscale ZVI (nZVI). While previous mechanistic studies have primarily concentrated on the impact of sulfidation on the (n)ZVI hydrophobicity, the fundamental effects of sulfidation on the (n)ZVI reactivity with target contaminants remain poorly understood. Herein, we employed density functional theory to elucidate reaction mechanisms of trichloroethene (TCE) dechlorination at various (n)ZVI surface models, ranging from pristine Fe0 to regularly sulfidated Fe surfaces. Our findings indicate that sulfidation intrinsically hinders the TCE dechlorination by (n)ZVI, which aligns with prior observations of sulfur poisoning in transition metal catalysts. We further demonstrate that the positive effects of sulfidation emerge when the surface of (n)ZVI undergoes corrosion. Notably, S sites exhibit higher reactivity compared to the sites typically present on the surface of (n)ZVI oxidized in water. Additionally, S sites protect nearby Fe sites against oxidation and make them more selective for direct electron transfer. Overall, our results reveal that the reactivity of sulfidated (n)ZVI is governed by an interplay of intrinsic inhibitory effects and corrosion protection. A deeper understanding of these phenomena may provide new insights into the selectivity of sulfidated (n)ZVI for specific contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Brumovský
- University
of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, Institute
of Soil Research, Peter-Jordan-Straße
82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Tunega
- University
of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, Institute
of Soil Research, Peter-Jordan-Straße
82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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9
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Xue W, Li J, Chen X, Liu H, Wen S, Shi X, Guo J, Gao Y, Xu J, Xu Y. Recent advances in sulfidized nanoscale zero-valent iron materials for environmental remediation and challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:101933-101962. [PMID: 37659023 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29564-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, sulfidized nanoscale zero-valent iron (S-nZVI) has been developed as a promising tool for the remediation of contaminated soil, sediment, and water. Although most studies have focused on applying S-nZVI for clean-up purposes, there is still a lack of systematic summary and discussion from its synthesis, application, to toxicity assessment. This review firstly summarized and compared the properties of S-nZVI synthesized from one-step and two-step synthesis methods, and the modification protocols for obtaining better stability and reactivity. In the context of environmental remediation, this review outlined an update on the latest development of S-nZVI for removal of heavy metals, organic pollutants, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and also discussed the underlying removal mechanisms. Environmental factors affecting the remediation performance of S-nZVI (e.g., humic acid, coexisting ions, S/Fe molar ratio, pH, and oxygen condition) were highlighted. Besides, the application potential of S-nZVI in advanced oxidation processes (AOP), especially in activating persulfate, was also evaluated. The toxicity impacts of S-nZVI on the environmental microorganism were described. Finally, the future challenges and remaining restrains to be resolved for better applicability of S-nZVI are also proposed. This review could provide guidance for the environmental remediation with S-nZVI-based technology from theoretical basis and practical perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Xue
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Hongdou Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Siqi Wen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaoyu Shi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jiaming Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Jian Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yiqun Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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10
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Gao F, Zhang M, Ahmad S, Guo J, Shi Y, Yang X, Tang J. Tetrabromobisphenol A transformation by biochar supported post-sulfidated nanoscale zero-valent iron: Mechanistic insights from shell control and solvent kinetic isotope effects. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:132028. [PMID: 37459757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Post-sulfidated nanoscale zero-valent iron with a controlled FeSX shell thickness deposited on biochar (S-nZVI/BC) was synthesized to degrade tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA). Detailed characterizations revealed that the increasing sulfidation degree altered shell thickness/morphology, S content/speciation/distribution, hydrophobicity, and electron transfer capacity. Meanwhile, the BC improved electron transfer capacity and hydrophobicity and inhibited the surface oxidation of S-nZVI. These properties endowed S-nZVI/BC with highly reactive (∼8.9-13.2 times) and selective (∼58.4-228.9 times) over nZVI/BC in TBBPA transformation. BC modification improved the reactivity and selectivity of S-nZVI by 1.77 and 1.96 times, respectively. The difference of S-nZVI/BC in reactivity was related to hydrophobicity and electron transfer, particularly FeSX shell thickness and morphology. Optimal shell thickness of ∼32 nm allowed the maximum association between Fe0 core and exterior FeSX, resulting in superior reactivity. A thicker shell with abundant networks increased the roughness but decreased the surface area and electron transfer. The higher [S/Fe]surface and [S/Fe]particle were conducive to the selectivity, and [S/Fe]particle was more influential than [S/Fe]surface on selectivity upon similar hydrophobicity. The solvent kinetic isotope effects (SKIEs) exhibited that increasing [S/Fe]dose tuned the relative contributions of atomic H and electron in TBBPA debromination but failed to alter the dominant debromination pathway (i.e., direct electron transfer) in (S)-nZVI/BC systems. Mechanism of electron transfer rather than atomic H contributed to higher selectivity. This work demonstrated that S-nZVI/BC was a prospective material for the remediation of TBBPA-contaminated groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feilong Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Mingyi Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jiaming Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yinghao Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xinzuo Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jingchun Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Site Remediation Technologies, China.
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11
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Zhang Y, Duan Z, Jin Y, Han H, Xu C. Chemical Bond Bridging across Two Domains: Generation of Fe(II) and In Situ Formation of FeS x on Zerovalent Iron. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37433023 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Sulfidation of zerovalent iron (SZVI) can strengthen the decontamination ability by promoting the electron transfer from inner Fe0 to external pollutants by iron sulfide (FeSx). Although FeSx forms easily, the mechanism for the FeSx bonding on the ZVI surface through a liquid precipitation method is elusive. In this work, we demonstrate a key pathway for the sulfidation of ZVI, namely, the in situ formation of FeSx on ZVI surface, which leads to chemical bonding across two domains: the pristine ZVI and the newly formed FeSx phase. The two chemically bridged heterophases display superior activity in electron transportation compared to the physically coated SZVI, eventually bringing about the better performance in reducing Cr(VI) species. It is revealed that the formation of chemically bonded FeSx requires balancing the rates for the two processes of Fe(II) release and sulfidation, which can be achieved by tuning the pH and S(-II) concentration. This study elucidates a mechanism for surface generation of FeSx on ZVI, and it provides new perspectives to design high-quality SZVI for environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zhongkai Duan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yuhao Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Haixiang Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Chunhua Xu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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12
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Zhou Y, Yao B, Yuan Y, Hu W, Liu J, Zou H, Zhou Y. Enhancement of Fenton processes at initial circumneutral pH for the degradation of norfloxacin with Fe@FeS core-shell nanowires. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 44:2451-2461. [PMID: 35084294 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2033329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The disadvantages of narrow working pH range (2.5-4.0), accumulation of iron sludge and incomplete degradation have hindered the practical application of the traditional homogeneous Fenton technique. In this research, Fe@FeS core-shell nanowires were synthesised and the innovative Fe@FeS/Fe2+/H2O2 system was adopted for norfloxacin (NOR) degradation at an initial circumneutral pH. More than 95% NOR has been removed in the Fe@FeS/Fe2+/H2O2 system within 30 min at pH 7. After investigating the concentration change of total iron, Fe2+ and H2O2 during the degradation process, NOR degradation in the Fe@FeS/Fe2+/H2O2 system might be attributed to the combined effect of homogeneous Fenton reaction and heterogeneous Fenton process. Besides that, the added Fe@FeS has accelerated Fe3+/Fe2+ redox cycle with extremely high degree. The generated reactive ●OH has been identified by electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer results, possible degradation intermediates have also been proposed according to Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis results. Moreover, Fe@FeS core-shell nanowires showed excellent reusability, it is a promising heterogeneous Fenton catalyst that is applicable for practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhou Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Yao
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yawen Yuan
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyong Hu
- College of Biological Resources and Environmental Science, Jishou University, Jishou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Liu
- College of Biological Resources and Environmental Science, Jishou University, Jishou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanwei Zou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoyu Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
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13
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Duan Y, Sun J. Preparation of Iron-Based Sulfides and Their Applications in Biomedical Fields. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:biomimetics8020177. [PMID: 37218763 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, iron-based sulfides, including iron sulfide minerals and biological iron sulfide clusters, have attracted widespread interest, owing to their excellent biocompatibility and multi-functionality in biomedical applications. As such, controlled synthesized iron sulfide nanomaterials with elaborate designs, enhanced functionality and unique electronic structures show numerous advantages. Furthermore, iron sulfide clusters produced through biological metabolism are thought to possess magnetic properties and play a crucial role in balancing the concentration of iron in cells, thereby affecting ferroptosis processes. The electrons in the Fenton reaction constantly transfer between Fe2+ and Fe3+, participating in the production and reaction process of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This mechanism is considered to confer advantages in various biomedical fields such as the antibacterial field, tumor treatment, biosensing and the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, we aim to systematically introduce recent advances in common iron-based sulfides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yefan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jianfei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
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14
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Li T, Teng Y, Li X, Luo S, Xiu Z, Wang H, Sun H. Sulfidated microscale zero-valent iron/reduced graphene oxide composite (S-mZVI/rGO) for enhanced degradation of trichloroethylene: The role of hydrogen spillover. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 446:130657. [PMID: 36580785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Atomic hydrogen (H*) has long been thought to play an important role in the dechlorination of trichloroethylene (TCE) by carbon-supported zero-valent iron (ZVI), which offers an alternative pathway for TCE dechlorination. Herein, we demonstrate that the reductive dechlorination of TCE by sulfidated microscale ZVI (S-mZVI) can be further enhanced by promoting the formation of H* through the introduction of reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The completely degradation of 10 mg/L TCE can be achieved by S-mZVI/rGO within 24 h, which was 3.3 times faster than that of S-mZVI. The change in the distribution of TCE degradation products over time suggests that the introduction of rGO leads to a change in the dechlorination pathway. The percentage of ethane in the final products of TCE degradation by S-mZVI/rGO was 34.3 %, while that of S-mZVI was only 21.9 %. The electrochemical tests confirmed the occurrence of hydrogen spillover in the S-mZVI/rGO composite, which promoted the reductive dechlorination of TCE by H*. Although the S-mZVI/rGO composite had stronger hydrogen evolution propensity than S-mZVI, the S-mZVI/rGO composite still exhibited higher electron utilization efficiency than S-mZVI thanks to the increased utilization of hydrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tielong Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yaxin Teng
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shuangjiang Luo
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zongming Xiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Hongwen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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15
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Wang X, Xin J, Yuan M, Zhao F, Wang L. Coupled microscale zero valent iron-autotrophic hydrogen bacteria dechlorination system is not always superior to its standalone counterparts: A sustainable remediation perspective. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159364. [PMID: 36228794 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The coupling of microscale zero-valent iron with autotrophic hydrogen bacteria (mZVI-AHB) are often believed to show greater potential than the single abiotic or biotic systems in remediating chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon-contaminated groundwater. However, our understanding of the remediation performance of this system under real field conditions, especially by incorporating the concept of sustainable remediation, remains limited. In this study, the performances of the mZVI, H2-AHB, and mZVI-AHB systems in dechlorinating groundwater containing complex electron acceptors were compared by evaluating their removal efficiency (RE), reaction products, and electron efficiency (EE), using trichloroethylene (TCE) as the target contaminant and NO3- and SO42- as the coexisting natural electron acceptors. Ultimately, which of these systems had TCE removal superiority was dependent on the coexisting electron acceptor. mZVI-AHB and mZVI resulted in more complete dechlorination, whereas H2-AHB exhibited higher N2 selectivity in reducing NO3-. Regardless of the coexisting electron acceptor, the mZVI-alone system showed the highest EE. Finally, the sustainability concerns and applicability of the three systems were evaluated on the basis of their TCE RE, complete dechlorination ratio, N2 selectivity, EE, and cost, which were integrated into a comparison of overall benefits. Our findings provide comprehensive and insightful information on the factors that determine remediation scheme selection in real practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wang
- Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jia Xin
- Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Mengjiao Yuan
- Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Fang Zhao
- Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Litao Wang
- Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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16
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Brumovský M, Micić V, Oborná J, Filip J, Hofmann T, Tunega D. Iron nitride nanoparticles for rapid dechlorination of mixed chlorinated ethene contamination. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 442:129988. [PMID: 36155299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sulfidation and, more recently, nitriding have been recognized as promising modifications to enhance the selectivity of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) particles for trichloroethene (TCE). Herein, we investigated the performance of iron nitride (FexN) nanoparticles in the removal of a broader range of chlorinated ethenes (CEs), including tetrachloroethene (PCE), cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cis-DCE), and their mixture with TCE, and compared it to the performance of sulfidated nZVI (S-nZVI) prepared from the same precursor nZVI. Two distinct types of iron nitride (FexN) nanoparticles, containing γ'-Fe4N and ε-Fe2-3N phases, exhibited substantially higher PCE and cis-DCE dechlorination rates compared to S-nZVI. A similar effect was observed with a CE mixture, which was completely dechlorinated by both types of FexN nanoparticles within 10 days, whereas S-nZVI was able to remove only about half of the amount, most of which being TCE. Density functional theory calculations further revealed that the cleavage of the first C-Cl bond was the rate-limiting step for all CEs dechlorinated on the γ'-Fe4N(001) surface, with the reaction barriers of PCE and cis-DCE being 29.9, and 40.8 kJ mol-1, respectively. FexN nanoparticles proved to be highly effective in the remediation of PCE, cis-DCE, and mixed CE contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Brumovský
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Forest, and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria; Department of Environmental Geosciences (EDGE), Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, UZA II, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Vesna Micić
- Department of Environmental Geosciences (EDGE), Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, UZA II, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jana Oborná
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Filip
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Thilo Hofmann
- Department of Environmental Geosciences (EDGE), Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, UZA II, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Tunega
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Forest, and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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17
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Dai Y, Duan L, Dong Y, Zhao W, Zhao S. Elemental sulfur generated in situ from Fe(III) and sulfide promotes sulfidation of microscale zero-valent iron for superior Cr(VI) removal. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 436:129256. [PMID: 35739775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we compared the effect of different extra iron and sulfur precursors on the sulfidation efficiency, physicochemical properties, and reactivity of post-sulfidated microscale zero-valent iron (S-ZVI). S0@ZVI was synthesized from in situ S0 generated via reaction of Fe(III) with S2-, which resulted in 23-fold higher Cr(VI) removal compared with S0com/ZVI synthesized using commercial S0. The direct formation of FeSx film via reaction between S0 and ZVI played a crucial role in enhancing the removal of Cr(VI) by S0@ZVI, with 16- and 12-fold faster rates compared with FeS@ZVI and FeS2@ZVI prepared via precipitated reaction of Fe(II) with S2- and sulfur mixtures, respectively. The incorporated sulfur, sulfidation sequence, and sulfidation time determined the performance of S0@ZVI. A combination of batch experiments and kinetic models was used to determine the chemical composition of reduced Cr(VI) products. S0@ZVI immobilized Cr(VI) as Fe0.5Cr0.5(OH)3 via surface heterogeneous reactions, and partial Cr(VI) was homogeneously reduced to soluble Cr(acetate)3 or Fe0.75Cr0.25(OH)3(aq) by dissolved Fe(II). The insights gained from this study will facilitate the fabrication of highly reactive S-ZVI and elucidate the mechanism of Cr(VI) removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinshun Dai
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Liangfeng Duan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Yamin Dong
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Wenjie Zhao
- Testing Center of Shandong Bureau, China Metallurgical Geology Bureau, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.
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18
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Mangayayam MC, Perez JPH, Alonso-de-Linaje V, Dideriksen K, Benning LG, Tobler DJ. Sulfidation extent of nanoscale zerovalent iron controls selectivity and reactivity with mixed chlorinated hydrocarbons in natural groundwater. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 431:128534. [PMID: 35259697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sulfidated nanoscale zerovalent iron (S-nZVI) exhibits low anoxic oxidation and high reactivity towards many chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHCs). However, nothing is known about S-nZVI reactivity once exposed to complex CHC mixtures, a common feature of CHC plumes in the environment. Here, three S-nZVI materials with varying iron sulfide (mackinawite, FeSm) shell thickness and crystallinity were exposed to groundwater containing a complex mixture of chlorinated ethenes, ethanes, and methanes. CHC removal trends yielded pseudo-first order rate constants (kobs) that decreased in the order: trichloroethene > trans-dicloroethene > 1,1-dichlorethene > trichloromethane > tetrachloroethene > cis-dichloroethene > 1,1,2-trichloroethane, for all S-nZVI materials. These kobs trends showed no correlation with CHC reduction potentials based on their lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energies (ELUMO) but absolute values were affected by the FeSm shell thickness and crystallinity. In comparison, nZVI reacted with the same CHCs groundwater, yielded kobs that linearly correlated with CHC ELUMO values (R2 = 0.94) and that were lower than S-nZVI kobs. The CHC selectivity induced by sulfidation treatment is explained by FeSm surface sites having specific binding affinities towards some CHCs, while others require access to the metallic iron core. These new insights help advance S-nZVI synthesis strategies to fit specific CHC treatment scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco C Mangayayam
- Nano-Science Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeffrey Paulo H Perez
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany; Department of Earth Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, 12249 Berlin, Germany
| | - Virginia Alonso-de-Linaje
- AECOM Environment Madrid, Spain; GIR-QUESCAT, Departamento de Quimica Inorgánica, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Knud Dideriksen
- Geological Survey of Denmark & Greenland (GEUS), Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Liane G Benning
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany; Department of Earth Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, 12249 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominique J Tobler
- Nano-Science Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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19
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Jyothi M, Nagarajan V, Chandiramouli R. Physisorption of trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene on novel zeta arsenene nanotubes – A first-principles study. J Mol Graph Model 2022; 115:108233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2022.108233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Duan L, Dai Y, Shi L, Wei Y, Xiu Q, Sun S, Zhang X, Zhao S. Humic acid addition sequence and concentration affect sulfur incorporation, electron transfer, and reactivity of sulfidated nanoscale zero-valent iron. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 294:133826. [PMID: 35114258 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) is extensively used in field remediation and can be sulfidated in situ with sulfide or sulfate-reducing bacteria to enhance its performance. Humic acid (HA) widely exists in nature, but its influence on both the sulfidation process of nZVI and the reactivity of sulfidated nZVI (S-nZVI) has been rarely reported. Herein, we first synthesized S-nZVI by one-pot (S1-nZVI) and two-step (S2-nZVI) approaches with adding HA before (pre-added) or after (post-added) FexSy generation, respectively. Then, we evaluated their reactivity on Cr(VI) removal and analyzed the effects of HA on sulfidation regarding electron transfer resistance, sulfur incorporation, and structure characterization. Pre-added HA inhibited the Cr(VI) removal by S1-nZVI more seriously than by S2-nZVI and nZVI, and stronger inhibition was observed at higher HA concentrations. The inhibitory effect can be attributed mainly to the adsorbed HA increasing the impedance of the material and the free HA impeding the generation and deposition of FexSy. Different from the inhibition of pre-added HA at all studied HA concentrations, the Cr(VI) removal by both S1-nZVI and S2-nZVI with post-added HA was enhanced at specific HA concentrations. The reason for this phenomenon was that the dispersion and specific surface area of S-nZVI were improved, thereby offsetting the inhibition from both impedance increase and sulfur loss. This work suggests that the presence of HA can affect the sulfidation process and the property of S-nZVI, which is conducive to evaluating the performance of S-nZVI produced both by injection and in situ in the subsurface contaminant remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangfeng Duan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Yinshun Dai
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Lijiao Shi
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Yuwei Wei
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Qi Xiu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Shiwen Sun
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China.
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21
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Gong Y, Wang Y, Lin N, Wang R, Wang M, Zhang X. Iron-based materials for simultaneous removal of heavy metal(loid)s and emerging organic contaminants from the aquatic environment: Recent advances and perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 299:118871. [PMID: 35066106 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The existence of heavy metals and emerging organic contaminants in wastewater produces serious toxic residues to the environment. Developing cheap and efficient materials to remove these persistent pollutants is crucial. Iron-based materials are cost-effective and environmentally friendly catalysts, and their applications in the environmental field deserve attention. This paper critically reviewed the removal mechanisms of heavy metals and emerging organic pollutants by different influencing factors. The removal of pollutants (heavy metals and emerging organic pollutants) in a multi-component system was analyzed in detail. The mechanisms of synergism, antagonism and non-interference were discussed. This paper had a certain reference value for the research of wastewater remediation technology which could simultaneously remove various pollutants by iron-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishu Gong
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Yin Wang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Naipeng Lin
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Ruotong Wang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Meidan Wang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
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22
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Brumovský M, Oborná J, Micić V, Malina O, Kašlík J, Tunega D, Kolos M, Hofmann T, Karlický F, Filip J. Iron Nitride Nanoparticles for Enhanced Reductive Dechlorination of Trichloroethylene. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:4425-4436. [PMID: 35263088 PMCID: PMC8988298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nitriding has been used for decades to improve the corrosion resistance of iron and steel materials. Moreover, iron nitrides (FexN) have been shown to give an outstanding catalytic performance in a wide range of applications. We demonstrate that nitriding also substantially enhances the reactivity of zerovalent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) used for groundwater remediation, alongside reducing particle corrosion. Two different types of FexN nanoparticles were synthesized by passing gaseous NH3/N2 mixtures over pristine nZVI at elevated temperatures. The resulting particles were composed mostly of face-centered cubic (γ'-Fe4N) and hexagonal close-packed (ε-Fe2-3N) arrangements. Nitriding was found to increase the particles' water contact angle and surface availability of iron in reduced forms. The two types of FexN nanoparticles showed a 20- and 5-fold increase in the trichloroethylene (TCE) dechlorination rate, compared to pristine nZVI, and about a 3-fold reduction in the hydrogen evolution rate. This was related to a low energy barrier of 27.0 kJ mol-1 for the first dechlorination step of TCE on the γ'-Fe4N(001) surface, as revealed by density functional theory calculations with an implicit solvation model. TCE dechlorination experiments with aged particles showed that the γ'-Fe4N nanoparticles retained high reactivity even after three months of aging. This combined theoretical-experimental study shows that FexN nanoparticles represent a new and potentially important tool for TCE dechlorination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Brumovský
- Department
of Environmental Geosciences (EDGE), Centre for Microbiology and Environmental
Systems Science, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, UZA II, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology
and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký
University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department
of Forest- and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences,
Vienna, Peter-Jordan-Straße
82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jana Oborná
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology
and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký
University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vesna Micić
- Department
of Environmental Geosciences (EDGE), Centre for Microbiology and Environmental
Systems Science, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, UZA II, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ondřej Malina
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology
and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký
University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Kašlík
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology
and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký
University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Tunega
- Department
of Forest- and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences,
Vienna, Peter-Jordan-Straße
82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Miroslav Kolos
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Science, University
of Ostrava, 701 03 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Thilo Hofmann
- Department
of Environmental Geosciences (EDGE), Centre for Microbiology and Environmental
Systems Science, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, UZA II, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - František Karlický
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Science, University
of Ostrava, 701 03 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Filip
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology
and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký
University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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23
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Meng F, Xu J, Dai H, Yu Y, Lin D. Even Incorporation of Nitrogen into Fe 0 Nanoparticles as Crystalline Fe 4N for Efficient and Selective Trichloroethylene Degradation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:4489-4497. [PMID: 35316036 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Surface modification of microscale Fe powder with nitrogen has emerged recently to improve the reactivity of Fe0 for dechlorination. However, it is unclear how an even incorporation of a crystalline iron nitride phase into Fe0 nanoparticles affects their physicochemical properties and performance, or if Fe0 nanoparticles with a varied nitridation degree will act differently. Here, we synthesized nitridated Fe0 nanoparticles with an even distribution of N via a sol-gel and pyrolysis method. Nitridation expanded the Fe0 lattice and provided the Fe4N species, making the materials more hydrophobic and accelerating the electron transfer, compared to un-nitridated Fe0. These properties well explain their reactivity and selectivity toward trichloroethylene (TCE). The TCE degradation rate by nitridated Fe0 (up to 4.8 × 10-2 L m-2 h-1) was much higher (up to 27-fold) than that by un-nitridated Fe0, depending on the nitridation degree. The materials maintained a high electron efficiency (87-95%) due to the greatly suppressed water reactivity (109-127 times lower than un-nitridated Fe0). Acetylene was accumulated as the major product of TCE dechlorination via β-elimination. These findings suggest that the nitridation of Fe0 nanoparticles can change the materials' physicochemical properties, providing high reactivity and selectivity toward chlorinated contaminants for in situ groundwater remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanxu Meng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiang Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Ecological Civilization Academy, Anji 313300, China
| | - Huiwang Dai
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yunlong Yu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Daohui Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Ecological Civilization Academy, Anji 313300, China
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24
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Li T, Gao C, Wang W, Teng Y, Li X, Wang H. Strong influence of degree of substitution on carboxymethyl cellulose stabilized sulfidated nanoscale zero-valent iron. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 425:128057. [PMID: 34910998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) has been widely adopted as stabilizer to enhance the subsurface mobility of nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI). However, CMC surface modification also cause severe decrease of the longevity and electron utilization efficiency (εe) of nZVI, which is still not well understood. In this study, we demonstrate the negative influence of CMC on the properties of sulfidated nZVI (S-nZVI) could be reversed by increasing the degree of substitution (D.S.) of CMC. Consistent with previous study, the sample CMC-S-nZVI prepared with commercial CMC with degree of substitution (D.S.) of 0.75 exhibited a considerable low longevity of 33 days with εe of 4.5%, much lower than that of sulfidated nZVI (S-nZVI, 113 days and 13%). In sharp contrast, the sample HCMC-S-nZVI synthesized with CMC with super high D.S. of 1.76 demonstrated significantly enhanced longevity of 139 days and εe of 20%. The enhancement was attributed to compatible molecular structure of CMC with super high D.S. Moreover, the HCMC-S-nZVI also exhibited higher mobility in porous media than CMC-S-nZVI. Our work provides a feasible way to prepare S-nZVI with desired properties including high subsurface transportability, high longevity and high εe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tielong Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350 China.
| | - Chaolin Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Wei Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Yaxin Teng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Xiao Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350 China.
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25
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Dai Y, Duan L, Du W, Yang X, Sun S, Xiu Q, Wang S, Zhao S. Morphology and structure of in situ FeS affect Cr(VI) removal by sulfidated microscale zero-valent iron with short-term ultrasonication. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 290:133372. [PMID: 34952013 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The properties of sulfidated zero-valent iron (S-ZVI) are considered to be determined by the entire structure of Fe0 and FexSy as a whole, but few studies focus on the influence of the morphology and structure of the external FexSy layer on the performance of S-ZVI. In this study, after the sulfidation of microscale ZVI in acetate (HAc-NaAc) and 2-(N-morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid (MES) buffer solution, the S-mZVIHAc-NaAc surface presented the in situ growth of the FeS nanosheet, while the S-mZVIMES surface was dominated by agglomerated FeS sub-micron particles. Under short-term ultrasonication, S-mZVIHAc-NaAc was superior to removing Cr(VI) than S-mZVIMES, and the clearance of the passivation layer by ultrasound maximized the conductivity of the FeS nanosheet to strengthen the sulfidation contribution. However, agglomerated FeS particles were easily separated from S-mZVIMES by ultrasonication, resulting in the suppression of its sulfidation contribution. The removal of Cr(VI) by S-ZVI increased linearly with FeS content, and the chemical combination of FeS with ZVI had more significant synergy than their physical mixture. The FeS nanosheet with excellent conductivity and large vertical space benefited the generation of dissolved and surface-associated Fe(II) as electron donors and structural Fe(II) as the electron shuttle. Understanding the relationship between FeS structure and S-ZVI performance will pave a way for optimizing the synthesis of S-ZVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinshun Dai
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Liangfeng Duan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Weiyu Du
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Xiaowei Yang
- Huadian Qingdao Power Generation Corporation Limited, Qingdao, 226031, China
| | - Shiwen Sun
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Qi Xiu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Shuguang Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China.
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26
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Yang S, Liu A, Liu J, Liu Z, Zhang W. Advance of Sulfidated Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron: Synthesis, Properties and Environmental Application. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/a22080345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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27
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Reischer M, Christensen AG, Weber K, Tobler DJ, Dideriksen K. A novel, direct-push approach for detecting sulfidated nanoparticulate zero valent iron (S-nZVI) in sediments using reactive and non-reactive fluorophores. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2021; 243:103896. [PMID: 34695716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2021.103896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Injection of microparticulate and nanoparticulate zero valent iron has become a regularly used method for groundwater remediation. Because of subsurface inhomogeneities, however, it is complicated to predict the ZVI transport in the subsurface, meaning that tools capable of determining its distribution after injection are highly useful. Here, we have developed a new direct-push based technique, which combines fluorescent and visible imaging, for detection of sulfidized nanoparticulate zero valent iron (S-nZVI) in the subsurface. Laboratory experiments show that the redox sensitive fluorophore riboflavin is rapidly reduced by S-nZVI within 200 s. Because the reduced riboflavin losses its green fluorescence, it can be used as S-nZVI sensitive indicator. Secondly, S-nZVI is black and tints light coloured sediment to a degree that allows detection in images. For quartz sand, 70 mg/kg of S-nZVI can be detected by visible imaging. Based on these results, a new direct-push probe (Dye-OIP) was designed based on Geoprobe's Optical Image Profiler (OIP), which was equipped with a fluorophore injection port below the OIP-unit. The injectant consisted of the redox active riboflavin mixed with the redox inactive fluorophore rhodamine WT, which fluoresces red and was used to verify that the mixture was indeed injected and detectable. Small scale experiments show that the fluorescence of this mixture in S-nZVI amended sand changes within 150 s from green with a hue of ~50 to red with a hue of ~30 when imaged with Dye-OIP. Tests of the Dye-OIP after a S-nZVI injection in a 1 m3 sized tank show that the tool could detect S-nZVI via fluorescence and visible imaging, when S-nZVI concentration was >0.2 mg per g dry sediment. Thus, these novel methods should be able to detect S-nZVI in the subsurface, without relying on infrastructure such as wells. Based on our results, the Dye-OIP could be further improved to make it suitable for regular use in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Reischer
- Nano-Science Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; NIRAS A/S, Sortemosevej 19, 3450 Allerød, Denmark.
| | | | - Klaus Weber
- NIRAS A/S, Sortemosevej 19, 3450 Allerød, Denmark.
| | - Dominique J Tobler
- Nano-Science Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Knud Dideriksen
- Geological Survey of Denmark & Greenland (GEUS), Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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28
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Shen W, Xu J, Zhu L. Triton X-100 improves the reactivity and selectivity of sulfidized nanoscale zerovalent iron toward tetrabromobisphenol A: Implications for groundwater and soil remediation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:126119. [PMID: 34492914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sulfidized nanoscale zerovalent iron (SNZVI) with improved reactivity and selectivity has shown great potential for environmental remediation. However, it is unclear if SNZVI could be applied for the remediation of soil washing solution, and how a soil-washing surfactant affects the reactivity and selectivity of SNZVI. Here, we assess the impact of Triton X-100 (TX-100) on the reactivity and selectivity of a sulfidized commercial NZVI toward tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA). While sulfidation of NZVI improved its reactivity and electron efficiency toward TBBPA, TX-100 could further improve these promoting effects, which was 8-21 and 4-7 times higher than those without TX-100, respectively, depending on TX-100 concentration. Because TX-100 could induce the solubilization of TBBPA, sorb onto the SNZVI surface, and favor the subsequent sorption and degradation of TBBPA. SNZVI performance for successive treatments of TBBPA contaminated water was also greatly improved by TX-100. Moreover, washing the TBBPA-contaminated soil with TX-100 could efficiently extract the TBBPA, and almost all of the TBBPA in the soil washing solution could be efficiently degraded by SNZVI. These results suggest that TX-100 is a good additive to SNZVI for improving its performance, and SNZVI coupled with TX-100 can be a promising technology for the remediation of TBBPA-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Shen
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiang Xu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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29
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Zhang Y, Ozcer P, Ghoshal S. A comprehensive assessment of the degradation of C1 and C2 chlorinated hydrocarbons by sulfidated nanoscale zerovalent iron. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 201:117328. [PMID: 34171646 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sulfidated nanoscale zerovalent iron (S-nZVI) is a promising reductant for trichloroethylene in groundwater, yet a comprehensive understanding of its degradation efficiency for other chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHCs) is lacking. In this study, we assessed the benefits of using S-nZVI for the degradation of two chlorinated methanes, three chlorinated ethanes, and four chlorinated ethenes compared to unamended nZVI, by analyzing the degradation rate constants, the maximum degradation quantity, and the degradation pathways and products under both stoichiometrically electron excess and limited conditions. The improvement in rate constants induced by sulfidation was compound specific and was more significant for chlorinated ethenes (57-707 folds) than for the other CHCs (1.0-17 folds). This is likely because of the different reduction mechanisms of each CHC and sulfidation may favor specific mechanisms associated with the reduction of chlorinated ethenes more than the others. Sulfidation of nZVI enabled either higher (3.1-24.4 folds) or comparable (0.78-0.91) maximum degradation quantity, assessed under electron limited conditions, for all the CHCs investigated, indicating the promise of S-nZVI for remediation of groundwater contaminated by CHC mixtures. Furthermore, we proposed the degradation pathways of various CHCs based on the observed degradation intermediates and products and found that sulfidation suppressed the generation of partially dechlorinated products, particularly for chlorinated methanes and ethanes, and favor degradation pathways leading to the non-chlorinated benign products. This is the first comprehensive study on the efficacy of sulfidation in improving the degradation of a suite of CHCs and the results provide valuable insight to the assessment of applicability and benefits of S-nZVI for CHC remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C3, Canada; Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Pinar Ozcer
- Department of Civil Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - Subhasis Ghoshal
- Department of Civil Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C3, Canada.
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30
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Garcia AN, Zhang Y, Ghoshal S, He F, O'Carroll DM. Recent Advances in Sulfidated Zerovalent Iron for Contaminant Transformation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:8464-8483. [PMID: 34170112 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
2021 marks 10 years since controlled abiotic synthesis of sulfidated nanoscale zerovalent iron (S-nZVI) for use in site remediation and water treatment emerged as an area of active research. It was then expanded to sulfidated microscale ZVI (S-mZVI) and together with S-nZVI, they are collectively referred to as S-(n)ZVI. Heightened interest in S-(n)ZVI stemmed from its significantly higher reactivity to chlorinated solvents and heavy metals. The extremely promising research outcomes during the initial period (2011-2017) led to renewed interest in (n)ZVI-based technologies for water treatment, with an explosion in new research in the last four years (2018-2021) that is building an understanding of the novel and complex role of iron sulfides in enhancing reactivity of (n)ZVI. Numerous studies have focused on exploring different S-(n)ZVI synthesis approaches, and its colloidal, surface, and reactivity (electrochemistry, contaminant selectivity, and corrosion) properties. This review provides a critical overview of the recent milestones in S-(n)ZVI technology development: (i) clear insights into the role of iron sulfides in contaminant transformation and long-term aging, (ii) impact of sulfidation methods and particle characteristics on reactivity, (iii) broader range of treatable contaminants, (iv) synthesis for complete decontamination, (v) ecotoxicity, and (vi) field implementation. In addition, this review discusses major knowledge gaps and future avenues for research opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Nunez Garcia
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Western University, 1151 Richmond Rd., London, Ontario N6A 5B8, Canada
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C3, Canada
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province China
| | - Subhasis Ghoshal
- Department of Civil Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - Feng He
- Institute of Environmental Chemistry and Pollution Control College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology 18 Chaowang Rd, Hangzhou, China 310014
| | - Denis M O'Carroll
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney New South Wales 2052, Australia
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31
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Li H, Yang W, Wu C, Xu J. Origin of the hydrophobicity of sulfur-containing iron surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:13971-13976. [PMID: 34143174 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00588j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur-containing iron materials such as sulfidized nanoscale zerovalent iron (SNZVI) have shown outstanding water remediation performance in many recent studies, which is largely attributed to its high hydrophobicity compared to that of NZVI. However, the role of sulfur in the reactions, and the origin of the hydrophobicity of SNZVI, were still unclear. In this paper, for the first time, we conducted ab initio molecular dynamics simulation using an explicitly solvated model on both Fe and S-containing Fe surfaces, to explore the hydrophobicity of S-containing Fe materials. We found that the high hydrophobicity of these S-containing Fe surfaces originates from the hydrophobic nature of S: both doping S on top of the Fe surface and inserting S onto an Fe surface can significantly improve the surface hydrophobicity by increasing the distance between the water layer and the Fe surface. This exposes empty Fe sites which do not interact with water and in turn reduces hydrogen evolution. To compare with the theoretical analysis, we experimentally analyzed the hydrophobicity of both NZVI and SNZVI surfaces, leading to a good agreement with our theoretical analysis. We then theoretically show that the doping of other p-block elements (e.g., N and P) to iron surfaces can also create a hydrophobic phenomenon. Most importantly, this study points out that the potential contribution of hydrophobicity to the reactivity on liquid-phase reaction materials should not be ignored in the mechanistic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Weijie Yang
- Department of Power Engineering, School of Energy, Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China
| | - Chongchong Wu
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Jiang Xu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Brumovský M, Oborná J, Lacina P, Hegedüs M, Sracek O, Kolařík J, Petr M, Kašlík J, Hofmann T, Filip J. Sulfidated nano-scale zerovalent iron is able to effectively reduce in situ hexavalent chromium in a contaminated aquifer. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 405:124665. [PMID: 33301974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In a number of laboratory studies, sulfidated nanoscale zero-valent iron (S-nZVI) particles showed increased reactivity, reducing capacity, and electron selectivity for Cr(VI) removal from contaminated waters. In our study, core-shell S-nZVI particles were successfully injected into an aquifer contaminated with Cr(VI) at a former chrome plating facility. S-nZVI migrated towards monitoring wells, resulting in a rapid decrease in Cr(VI) and Crtot concentrations and a long-term decrease in groundwater redox potential observed even 35 m downstream the nearest injection well. Characterization of materials recovered from the injection and monitoring wells confirmed the presence of nZVI particles, together with iron corrosion products. Chromium was identified on the surface of the recovered iron particles as Cr(III), and its occurrence was linked to the formation of insoluble chromium-iron (oxyhydr)oxides such as CrxFe(1-x)(OH)3(s). Injected S-nZVI particles formed aggregates, which were slowly transformed into iron (oxyhydr)oxides and carbonate green rust. Elevated contents of Fe0 were detected even several months after injection, indicating good S-nZVI longevity. The sulfide shell was gradually disintegrated and/or dissolved. Geochemical modelling confirmed the overall stability of the resulting Cr(III) phase at field conditions. This study demonstrates the applicability of S-nZVI for the remediation of a Cr(VI)-contaminated aquifer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Brumovský
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Environmental Geosciences (EDGE), Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, UZA II, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Jana Oborná
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Lacina
- GEOtest, a.s., Šmahova 1244/112, 627 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Hegedüs
- GEOtest, a.s., Šmahova 1244/112, 627 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 95, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Ondra Sracek
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kolařík
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Petr
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Kašlík
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Thilo Hofmann
- Department of Environmental Geosciences (EDGE), Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, UZA II, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Filip
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Cai S, Chen B, Qiu X, Li J, Tratnyek PG, He F. Sulfidation of Zero-Valent Iron by Direct Reaction with Elemental Sulfur in Water: Efficiencies, Mechanism, and Dechlorination of Trichloroethylene. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:645-654. [PMID: 33302625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sulfidation can enhance both the reactivity and selectivity (i.e., electron efficiency, εe) of zero-valent iron (ZVI) in contaminant removal, which may make this technology cost-effective for a wider range of water treatment applications. However, current sulfidation methods involve either hazardous or unstable sulfidation agents (e.g., Na2S, Na2S2O3, and Na2S2O4) or energy-intensive preparations (e.g., mechanochemical sulfidation with elemental sulfur). In this study, we demonstrate that very efficient sulfidation of microscale ZVI (mZVI) can be achieved at all S/Fe molar ratios (∼100% sulfidation efficiency, εs) simply by direct reaction between elemental sulfur (S0) and ZVI in an aqueous suspension at ambient temperature. In comparison, the εs values obtained using Na2S, Na2S2O3, or Na2S2O4 as the sulfidation agents were only ∼23, ∼75, and ∼38%, respectively. The sulfidated mZVI produced using the new method reacts with trichloroethylene (TCE) with very high rates and electron efficiencies: rate constants and electron efficiencies were 800- and 79-fold higher than those of the unsulfidated mZVI. The enhanced performance of this material, together with the operational advantages of S0 for sulfidation (including safety, stability, and cost), may make it a desirable product for full-scale engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Cai
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Bo Chen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiaojiang Qiu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jiamei Li
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Paul G Tratnyek
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Feng He
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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Kolos M, Tunega D, Karlický F. A theoretical study of adsorption on iron sulfides towards nanoparticle modeling. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:23258-23267. [PMID: 33030174 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02988b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Surface modification of zero-valent iron (nZVI) nanoparticles, which are frequently used in the removal of chlorinated hydrocarbons from contaminated groundwater, can increase their surface stability without significant loss of reactivity. Sulfidation is a process during which thin iron sulfide phases are formed on nZVI particles. In this work, the adsorption capability of two iron sulfide minerals (mackinawite and pyrite) and ZVI with respect to two small polar molecules (H2O and H2S) and trichloroethylene (TCE) was modeled by using the quantum mechanics (QM) approach. High-level QM methods used on cluster models helped in benchmarking and validation of density functional theory methods used on periodic slab models of the (001) surfaces of iron sulfides and the (111) surface of ZVI. This careful computational treatment was necessary for achieving reliable results because modeled iron containing compounds represent computationally demanding systems. The results showed that adsorption was strongly affected by surface topology, accessibility of surface sites, and the shape of adsorbed molecular species. The mackinawite surface is practically hydrophobic having weak interactions with polar molecules (about -5/-6 kcal mol-1), in contrast to the surfaces of pyrite and ZVI (adsorption energies are about three times larger). On the other hand, the adsorption of weakly polar planar TCE molecule is relatively strong and similar for all three surfaces (in the range of -11 to -17 kcal mol-1). Moreover, it was shown that the dominant component of the adsorption energy of TCE had originated from dispersion interactions, which were less important for small polar molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Kolos
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 701 03 Ostrava, Czech Republic.
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