1
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Calvani D, Louwersheimer R, Buda F. Effect of Anchoring Dynamics on Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in the Ru(bda) Coordination Oligomer on a Graphitic Surface. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202400082. [PMID: 38625893 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
The oligomeric ruthenium-based water oxidation catalyst, Ru(bda), is known to be experimentally anchored on graphitic surfaces through CH-π stacking interactions between the auxiliary bda ([2,2'-bipyridine]-6,6'-dicarboxylate) ligand bonded to ruthenium and the hexagonal rings of the surface. This anchoring provides control over their molecular coverage and enables efficient catalysis of water oxidation to dioxygen. The oligomeric nature of the molecule offers multiple anchoring sites at the surface, greatly enhancing the overall stability of the hybrid catalyst-graphitic surface anode through dynamic bonding. However, the impact of this dynamic anchoring on the overall catalytic mechanism is still a topic of debate. In this study, a crucial proton-coupled electron transfer event in the catalytic cycle is investigated using DFT-based molecular dynamics simulations plus metadynamics. The CH-π stacking anchoring plays a critical role not only in stabilizing this hybrid system but also in facilitating the proton-coupled electron transfer event with possible vibronic couplings between the anchoring bonds motion and charge fluctuations at the catalyst - graphitic surface interface. Furthermore, this computational investigation displays the presence of a quartet spin state intermediate that can lead to the experimentally observed and thermodynamically more stable doublet spin state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Calvani
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, PO Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rick Louwersheimer
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, PO Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Buda
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, PO Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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2
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Amthor S, Ranu K, Bellido CG, Salomón FF, Piccioni A, Mazzaro R, Boscherini F, Pasquini L, Gil-Sepulcre M, Llobet A. Robust Molecular Anodes for Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation Based on Electropolymerized Molecular Cu Complexes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308392. [PMID: 37814460 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
A multistep synthesis of a new tetra-amidate macrocyclic ligand functionalized with alkyl-thiophene moieties, 15,15-bis(6-(thiophen-3-yl)hexyl)-8,13-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,h][1,4,7,10]tetraazacyclotridecine-6,7,14,16(15H,17H)-tetraone, H4 L, is reported. The reaction of the deprotonated ligand, L4- , and Cu(II) generates the complex [LCu]2- , that can be further oxidized to Cu(III) with iodine to generate [LCu]- . The H4 L ligand and their Cu complexes have been thoroughly characterized by analytic and spectroscopic techniques (including X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy, XAS). Under oxidative conditions, the thiophene group of [LCu]2- complex polymerizes on the surface of graphitic electrodes (glassy carbon disks (GC), glassy carbon plates (GCp ), carbon nanotubes (CNT), or graphite felts (GF)) generating highly stable thin films. With CNTs deposited on a GC by drop casting, hybrid molecular materials labeled as GC/CNT@p-[LCu]2- are obtained. The latter are characterized by electrochemical techniques that show their capacity to electrocatalytically oxidize water to dioxygen at neutral pH. These new molecular anodes achieve current densities in the range of 0.4 mA cm-2 at 1.30 V versus NHE with an onset overpotential at ≈250 mV. Bulk electrolysis experiments show an excellent stability achieving TONs in the range of 7600 during 24 h with no apparent loss of catalytic activity and maintaining the molecular catalyst integrity, as evidenced by electrochemical techniques and XAS spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Amthor
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avinguda Països Catalans 16, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Koushik Ranu
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avinguda Països Catalans 16, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Carlos G Bellido
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avinguda Països Catalans 16, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Fernando F Salomón
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avinguda Països Catalans 16, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Alberto Piccioni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, viale C. Berti Pichat 6/2, Bologna, 40127, Italy
| | - Raffaello Mazzaro
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, viale C. Berti Pichat 6/2, Bologna, 40127, Italy
| | - Federico Boscherini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, viale C. Berti Pichat 6/2, Bologna, 40127, Italy
| | - Luca Pasquini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, viale C. Berti Pichat 6/2, Bologna, 40127, Italy
| | - Marcos Gil-Sepulcre
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avinguda Països Catalans 16, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Antoni Llobet
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avinguda Països Catalans 16, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
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3
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Marchini E, Caramori S, Carli S. Metal Complexes for Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrochemical Cells (DSPECs). Molecules 2024; 29:293. [PMID: 38257206 PMCID: PMC10818894 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Since Mallouk's earliest contribution, dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells (DSPECs) have emerged as a promising class of photoelectrochemical devices capable of storing solar light into chemical bonds. This review primarily focuses on metal complexes outlining stabilization strategies and applications. The ubiquity and safety of water have made its splitting an extensively studied reaction; here, we present some examples from the outset to recent advancements. Additionally, alternative oxidative pathways like HX splitting and organic reactions mediated by a redox shuttle are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Marchini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Stefano Caramori
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Stefano Carli
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
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4
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Hoefnagel ME, Rademaker D, Hetterscheid DGH. Directing the Selectivity of Oxygen Reduction to Water by Confining a Cu Catalyst in a Metal Organic Framework. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300392. [PMID: 37326580 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalysis is to play a key role in the transition towards a sustainable chemical and energy industry and active, stable and selective redox catalysts are much needed. Porous structures such as metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are interesting materials as these may influence selectivity of chemical reactions through confinement effects. In this work, the oxygen reduction catalyst Cu-tmpa was incorporated into the NU1000 MOF. Confinement of the catalyst within NU1000 steers the selectivity of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) towards water rather than peroxide. This is attributed to retention of the obligatory H2 O2 intermediate in close proximity to the catalytic center. Moreover, the resulting NU1000|Cu-tmpa MOF shows an excellent activity and stability in prolonged electrochemical studies, illustrating the potential of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene E Hoefnagel
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dana Rademaker
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis G H Hetterscheid
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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5
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de Gracia Triviño JA, Ahlquist MSG. Operando Condition Reaction Modeling Shows Highly Dynamic Attachment of Oligomeric Ruthenium Catalysts. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Angel de Gracia Triviño
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mårten S. G. Ahlquist
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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6
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Kobayashi A, Takizawa SY, Hirahara M. Photofunctional molecular assembly for artificial photosynthesis: Beyond a simple dye sensitization strategy. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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7
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Ghosh A, Dasgupta S, Kundu A, Mandal S. The impact of secondary coordination sphere engineering on water oxidation reactivity catalysed by molecular ruthenium complexes: a next-generation approach to develop advanced catalysts. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:10320-10337. [PMID: 35730327 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01124g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Water oxidation is the bottleneck for producing hydrogen from the water-splitting reaction. Developing efficient water oxidation catalysts (WOCs) has recently been of paramount interest. Ruthenium-based WOCs have gained much attention due to their enriched redox property, robust nature, and superior catalytic performances compared to other transition metal-based molecular catalysts. The performance of a catalyst is highly dependent on the design of the ligand framework. In nature, the secondary coordination sphere around the active site of a metalloenzyme plays a vital role in catalysis. This principle has been employed in the recent development of efficient catalysts. With the aid of secondary interactions, some landmark Ru-based WOCs, producing remarkable turnover frequencies (TOFs) in the order of 104 s-1, have been developed. In this account, we have discussed the underlying chemistry related to the effect of secondary interactions (such as hydrogen-bonding, π-π stacking, electrostatic interaction, hydrophobic-hydrophilic environment, etc.) on the kinetics of the water oxidation reaction catalysed by molecular Ru-complexes. The use of secondary interactions (such as π-π and C-H⋯π) in anchoring the molecular catalyst onto the solid conducting surface has also been discussed. We aim to provide a brief overview of the positive impact of outer-sphere engineering on water oxidation reactivity, which may offer guidelines for developing the next generation of advanced catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayyan Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, India.
| | - Sreeja Dasgupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, India.
| | - Animesh Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, India.
| | - Sukanta Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, India.
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8
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He X, Eberhart MS, Martinson ABF, Tiede DM, Mulfort KL. Molecularly Functionalized Electrodes for Efficient Electrochemical Water Remediation. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:3267-3276. [PMID: 34143541 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The development and investigation of materials that leverage unique interfacial effects on electronic structure and redox chemistry are likely to play an outstanding role in advanced technologies for wastewater treatment. Here, the use of surface functionalization of metal oxides with a RuII poly(pyridyl) complex was reported as a way to create hybrid assemblies with optimized electrochemical performance for water remediation, superior to those that could be achieved with the molecular catalyst or metal-oxide electrodes used individually. Mechanistic analysis demonstrated that the molecularly functionalized electrodes could suppress the formation of hydroxyl radicals (i. e., the dominant remediation pathway for bare metal-oxide electrodes), allowing the water remediation to proceed through the highly oxidizing Ru3+ ions in the surface-bound complexes. Furthermore, the underlying metal-oxide substrates played a crucial role in altering the electronic structure and electrochemical properties of the surface-bound catalyst, such that the competing side reaction (i. e., water splitting) was largely inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang He
- Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems (AMEWS) Energy Frontier Research Center, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Michael S Eberhart
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- Current address: Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Alex B F Martinson
- Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems (AMEWS) Energy Frontier Research Center, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - David M Tiede
- Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems (AMEWS) Energy Frontier Research Center, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Karen L Mulfort
- Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems (AMEWS) Energy Frontier Research Center, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
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9
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Shen L, Zhang S, Ding H, Niu F, Chu Y, Wu W, Hu Y, Hu K, Hua J. Pure organic quinacridone dyes as dual sensitizers in tandem photoelectrochemical cells for unassisted total water splitting. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:5634-5637. [PMID: 33977952 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01570b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pure organic dye QAP-C8 based on quinacridone (QA) with octyl side chains as the donor and pyridine dicarboxylic acid (PDA) as the acceptor was first used in both the photoanode and the photocathode of photoelectrochemical cells. A tandem device with QAP-C8 as the photosensitizer realized overall water splitting and showed a STH of 0.11% under neutral pH conditions without an external bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luze Shen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Shicong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Haoran Ding
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Fushuang Niu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
| | - Yanmeng Chu
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1056 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Wu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Yue Hu
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1056 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Ke Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
| | - Jianli Hua
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
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10
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Badiei YM, Traba C, Rosales R, Rojas AL, Amaya C, Shahid M, Vera-Rolong C, Concepcion JJ. Plasma-Initiated Graft Polymerization of Acrylic Acid onto Fluorine-Doped Tin Oxide as a Platform for Immobilization of Water-Oxidation Catalysts. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:14077-14090. [PMID: 33751889 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of new and versatile strategies for the immobilization of molecular water-oxidation catalysts (WOCs) is crucial for developing clean energy conversion devices [e.g., (photo)electrocatalytic cells for water splitting]. The traditional approach for surface attachment to transparent conductive oxides [e.g., fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO)] is via synthetic modification of the ligand architecture to incorporate functional groups such as carboxylic acids (-COOH) or phosphonates (-PO3H2) prior to immobilization. However, challenges arising from desorption and the cumbersome derivatizations steps have limited the scope and applications of surface-bound WOCs. Herein, we report the successful immobilization of underivatized Ru(II)-based WOCs (Ru-Cat1 = [Ru(tpy) (bpy) (H2O)]2+ (tpy = 2,2':6'2″-terpyridine and bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) and Ru-Cat2 = [Ru(Mebimpy) (bpy) (H2O)]2+ (Mebimpy = 2,6-bis(1-methylbenzimidazol-2-yl) pyridine)) and the Ru(II) polypyridyl chromophore Ru-C3 = [Ru(bpy)3]2+ onto a FTO plasma-grafted poly(acrylic acid) surface (PAA|FTO). Various characterization techniques such as attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and cyclic voltammetry measurements provide evidence for the plasma-induced grafted PAA|FTO film and immobilization. Surface stability and electrocatalytic properties of these new hybrid composite films upon cycling were investigated at different pH values. Immobilized Ru-Cat1 and Ru-Cat2 onto PAA|FTO displayed pH-dependent (RuIII/RuII) couples and onset potentials indicative of PCET (proton-coupled electron transfer) reactions. Based on cyclic voltammetry results and spectroscopic monitoring, the immobilized WOCs Ru-Cat1 and Ru-Cat2 exhibited a higher surface stability in neutral aqueous solutions relative to Ru-C3 upon electrochemical oxidation. We attribute the surface PCET and stability to the presence of a water ligand in the coordination sphere of immobilized Ru-Cat1 and Ru-Cat2 which can H-bond with negatively charged carboxylate groups of the cross-linked PAA brushes. Our findings demonstrate that the plasma-grafted polymeric network onto FTO offers a versatile platform to directly anchor unmodified homogeneous WOCs or chromophores for potential applications in solar-to-fuel energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosra M Badiei
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Peter's University, Jersey City, New Jersey 07306, United States
| | - Christian Traba
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Physics, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Teaneck, New Jersey 07666, United States
| | - Rina Rosales
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Peter's University, Jersey City, New Jersey 07306, United States
| | - Anthony Lopez Rojas
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Peter's University, Jersey City, New Jersey 07306, United States
| | - Claudio Amaya
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Peter's University, Jersey City, New Jersey 07306, United States
| | - Mohammed Shahid
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Peter's University, Jersey City, New Jersey 07306, United States
| | - Carolina Vera-Rolong
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Peter's University, Jersey City, New Jersey 07306, United States
| | - Javier J Concepcion
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
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11
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Li S, Kim S, Davis AH, Zhuang J, Shuler EW, Willinger D, Lee JJ, Zheng W, Sherman BD, Yoo CG, Leem G. Photocatalytic Chemoselective C–C Bond Cleavage at Room Temperature in Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrochemical Cells. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Li
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Saerona Kim
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Andrew H. Davis
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Jingshun Zhuang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Eric Wolfgang Shuler
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Debora Willinger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Science and Engineering, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Jae-Joon Lee
- Department of Energy Materials and Engineering, Research Center for Photoenergy Harvesting & Conversion Technology (phct), Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Weiwei Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Benjamin D. Sherman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Science and Engineering, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Chang Geun Yoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Gyu Leem
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
- The Michael M. Szwarc Polymer Research Institute, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
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12
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Sherman BD, McMillan NK, Willinger D, Leem G. Sustainable hydrogen production from water using tandem dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells. NANO CONVERGENCE 2021; 8:7. [PMID: 33650039 PMCID: PMC7921270 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-021-00257-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
If generated from water using renewable energy, hydrogen could serve as a carbon-zero, environmentally benign fuel to meet the needs of modern society. Photoelectrochemical cells integrate the absorption and conversion of solar energy and chemical catalysis for the generation of high value products. Tandem photoelectrochemical devices have demonstrated impressive solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiencies but have not become economically relevant due to high production cost. Dye-sensitized solar cells, those based on a monolayer of molecular dye adsorbed to a high surface area, optically transparent semiconductor electrode, offer a possible route to realizing tandem photochemical systems for H2 production by water photolysis with lower overall material and processing costs. This review addresses the design and materials important to the development of tandem dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells for solar H2 production and highlights current published reports detailing systems capable of spontaneous H2 formation from water using only dye-sensitized interfaces for light capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Sherman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Campus Box 298860, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, USA.
| | - Nelli Klinova McMillan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Campus Box 298860, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, USA
| | - Debora Willinger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Campus Box 298860, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, USA
| | - Gyu Leem
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- The Michael M. Szwarc Polymer Research Institute, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
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13
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Hoque MA, Gil-Sepulcre M, de Aguirre A, Elemans JAAW, Moonshiram D, Matheu R, Shi Y, Benet-Buchholz J, Sala X, Malfois M, Solano E, Lim J, Garzón-Manjón A, Scheu C, Lanza M, Maseras F, Gimbert-Suriñach C, Llobet A. Water oxidation electrocatalysis using ruthenium coordination oligomers adsorbed on multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Nat Chem 2020; 12:1060-1066. [PMID: 32989272 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-0548-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical cells that utilize water as a source of electrons are one of the most attractive solutions for the replacement of fossil fuels by clean and sustainable solar fuels. To achieve this, heterogeneous water oxidation catalysis needs to be mastered and properly understood. The search continues for a catalyst that is stable at the surface of electro(photo)anodes and can efficiently perform this reaction at the desired neutral pH. Here, we show how oligomeric Ru complexes can be anchored on the surfaces of graphitic materials through CH-π interactions between the auxiliary ligands bonded to Ru and the hexagonal rings of the graphitic surfaces, providing control of their molecular coverage. These hybrid molecular materials behave as molecular electroanodes that catalyse water oxidation to dioxygen at pH 7 with high current densities. This strategy for the anchoring of molecular catalysts on graphitic surfaces can potentially be extended to other transition metals and other catalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Asmaul Hoque
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Marcos Gil-Sepulcre
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Adiran de Aguirre
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Tarragona, Spain
| | | | - Dooshaye Moonshiram
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), Madrid, Spain
| | - Roc Matheu
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Tarragona, Spain.,Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nanoscience and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Jordi Benet-Buchholz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Xavier Sala
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Malfois
- NCD-SWEET beamline, ALBA synchrotron light source, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Solano
- NCD-SWEET beamline, ALBA synchrotron light source, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joohyun Lim
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Christina Scheu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mario Lanza
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nanoscience and Technology, Suzhou, China.
| | - Feliu Maseras
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Tarragona, Spain. .,Departament de Química, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Carolina Gimbert-Suriñach
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Antoni Llobet
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Tarragona, Spain. .,Departament de Química, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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14
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Rajabi S, Ebrahimi F, Lole G, Odrobina J, Dechert S, Jooss C, Meyer F. Water Oxidizing Diruthenium Electrocatalysts Immobilized on Carbon Nanotubes: Effects of the Number and Positioning of Pyrene Anchors. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheida Rajabi
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Fatemeh Ebrahimi
- Institute for Materials Physics, University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gaurav Lole
- Institute for Materials Physics, University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jann Odrobina
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dechert
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Jooss
- Institute for Materials Physics, University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
- International Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion (ICASEC), University of Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franc Meyer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
- International Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion (ICASEC), University of Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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15
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Crossing the bridge from molecular catalysis to a heterogenous electrode in electrocatalytic water oxidation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:11153-11158. [PMID: 31097592 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1902455116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in designing single-site molecular Ru(II)-polypyridyl-aqua catalysts for homogenous catalytic water oxidation. Surface binding and transfer of the catalytic reactivity onto conductive substrates provides a basis for heterogeneous applications in electrolytic cells and dye-sensitized photoelectrosynthesis cells (DSPECs). Earlier efforts have focused on phosphonic acid (-PO3H2) or carboxylic acid (-CO2H) bindings on oxide surfaces. However, issues remain with limited surface stabilities, especially in aqueous solutions at higher pH under conditions that favor water oxidation by reducing the thermodynamic barrier and accelerating the catalytic rate using atom-proton transfer (APT) pathways. Here, we address the problem by combining silane surface functionalization and surface reductive electropolymerization on mesoporous, nanofilms of indium tin oxide (ITO) on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates (FTO|nanoITO). FTO|nanoITO electrodes were functionalized with vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS) to introduce vinyl groups on the electrode surfaces by silane attachment, followed by surface electropolymerization of the vinyl-derivatized complex, [RuII(Mebimpy)(dvbpy)(OH2)]2+ (12+; Mebimpy: 2,6-bis(1-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)pyridine; dvbpy: 5,5'-divinyl-2,2'-bipyridine), in a mechanism dominated by a grafting-through method. The surface coverage of catalyst 12+ was controlled by the number of electropolymerization cycles. The combined silane attachment/cross-linked polymer network stabilized 12+ on the electrode surface under a variety of conditions especially at pH > ∼6. Surface-grafted poly12+ was stable toward redox cycling at pH ∼ 7.5 over an ∼4-h period. Sustained heterogeneous electrocatalytic water oxidation by the electrode gave steady-state currents for at least ∼6 h with a Faradaic efficiency of ∼68% for O2 production.
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16
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Troian-Gautier L, Turlington MD, Wehlin SAM, Maurer AB, Brady MD, Swords WB, Meyer GJ. Halide Photoredox Chemistry. Chem Rev 2019; 119:4628-4683. [PMID: 30854847 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Halide photoredox chemistry is of both practical and fundamental interest. Practical applications have largely focused on solar energy conversion with hydrogen gas, through HX splitting, and electrical power generation, in regenerative photoelectrochemical and photovoltaic cells. On a more fundamental level, halide photoredox chemistry provides a unique means to generate and characterize one electron transfer chemistry that is intimately coupled with X-X bond-breaking and -forming reactivity. This review aims to deliver a background on the solution chemistry of I, Br, and Cl that enables readers to understand and utilize the most recent advances in halide photoredox chemistry research. These include reactions initiated through outer-sphere, halide-to-metal, and metal-to-ligand charge-transfer excited states. Kosower's salt, 1-methylpyridinium iodide, provides an early outer-sphere charge-transfer excited state that reports on solvent polarity. A plethora of new inner-sphere complexes based on transition and main group metal halide complexes that show promise for HX splitting are described. Long-lived charge-transfer excited states that undergo redox reactions with one or more halogen species are detailed. The review concludes with some key goals for future research that promise to direct the field of halide photoredox chemistry to even greater heights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Michael D Turlington
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Sara A M Wehlin
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Andrew B Maurer
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Matthew D Brady
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Wesley B Swords
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
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17
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Wu L, Eberhart M, Shan B, Nayak A, Brennaman MK, Miller AJM, Shao J, Meyer TJ. Stable Molecular Surface Modification of Nanostructured, Mesoporous Metal Oxide Photoanodes by Silane and Click Chemistry. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:4560-4567. [PMID: 30608131 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b17824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Binding functional molecules to nanostructured mesoporous metal oxide surfaces provides a way to derivatize metal oxide semiconductors for applications in dye-sensitized photoelectrosynthesis cells (DSPECs). The commonly used anchoring groups, phosphonates and carboxylates, are unstable as surface links to oxide surfaces at neutral and high pH, leading to rapid desorption of appended molecules. A synthetically versatile molecular attachment strategy based on initial surface modification with a silyl azide followed by click chemistry is described here. It has been used for the stable installation of surface-bound metal complexes. The resulting surfaces are highly stabilized toward complex loss with excellent thermal, photochemical, and electrochemical stabilities. The procedure involves binding 3-azidopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) to nanostructured mesoporous TiO2 or tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) electrodes by silane attachment followed by azide-terminated, Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reactions with an alkyne-derivatized ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complex. The chromophore-modified electrodes display enhanced photochemical and electrochemical stabilities compared to phosphonate surface binding with extended photoelectrochemical oxidation of hydroquinone for more than ∼6 h with no significant decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wu
- College of Chemistry and Environment Engineering , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen , 518000 , China
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Michael Eberhart
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Bing Shan
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Animesh Nayak
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - M Kyle Brennaman
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Alexander J M Miller
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Jing Shao
- College of Chemistry and Environment Engineering , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen , 518000 , China
| | - Thomas J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
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18
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A combined experimental and computational study of a ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complex: Synthesis, characterization, electronic structures and spectral properties. Polyhedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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19
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Wang C, Amiri M, Endean RT, Martinez Perez O, Varley S, Rennie B, Rasu L, Bergens SH. Modular Construction of Photoanodes with Covalently Bonded Ru- and Ir-Polypyridyl Visible Light Chromophores. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:24533-24542. [PMID: 29969554 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b06605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
1,10-phenanthroline is grafted to indium tin oxide (ITO) and titanium dioxide nanoparticle (TiO2) semiconductors by electroreduction of 5-diazo-1,10-phenanthroline in 0.1 M H2SO4. The lower and upper potential limits (-0.20 and 0.15 VSCE, respectively) were set to avoid reduction and oxidation of the 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) covalently grafted at C5 to the semiconductor. The resulting semiconductor-phen ligand (ITO-phen or TiO2-phen) was air stable, and was bonded to Ru- or Ir- by reaction with cis-[Ru(bpy)2(CH3CN)2]2+ (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) or cis-[Ir(ppy)2(CH3CN)2]+ (ppy = ortho-Cphenyl metalated 2-phenylpyridine) in CH2Cl2 and THF solvent at 50 °C. Cyclic voltammetry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, solid-state UV-vis, and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry all confirmed that the chromophores SC-[(phen)Ru(bpy)2]2+ and SC-[(phen)Ir(ppy)2]+ (SC = ITO or TiO2) formed in near quantitative yields by these reactions. The resulting photoanodes were active and relatively stable to photoelectrochemical oxidation of hydroquinone and triethylamine under neutral and basic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , 11227 Saskatchewan Drive , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
| | - Mona Amiri
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , 11227 Saskatchewan Drive , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
| | - Riley T Endean
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , 11227 Saskatchewan Drive , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
| | - Octavio Martinez Perez
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , 11227 Saskatchewan Drive , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
| | - Samuel Varley
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , 11227 Saskatchewan Drive , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
| | - Ben Rennie
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , 11227 Saskatchewan Drive , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
| | - Loorthuraja Rasu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , 11227 Saskatchewan Drive , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
| | - Steven H Bergens
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , 11227 Saskatchewan Drive , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
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20
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Eberhart MS, Bowers LMR, Shan B, Troian-Gautier L, Brennaman MK, Papanikolas JM, Meyer TJ. Completing a Charge Transport Chain for Artificial Photosynthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:9823-9826. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Eberhart
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Leah M. Rader Bowers
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Bing Shan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - M. Kyle Brennaman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - John M. Papanikolas
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Thomas J. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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21
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Kaeffer N, Windle CD, Brisse R, Gablin C, Leonard D, Jousselme B, Chavarot-Kerlidou M, Artero V. Insights into the mechanism and aging of a noble-metal free H 2-evolving dye-sensitized photocathode. Chem Sci 2018; 9:6721-6738. [PMID: 30310606 PMCID: PMC6115630 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00899j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-grafting of a cobalt diimine–dioxime catalyst and push–pull organic dye on NiO yields a photocathode evolving hydrogen from aqueous solution under sunlight, with equivalent performances compared to a dyad-based architecture using similar components.
Dye-sensitized photo-electrochemical cells (DS-PECs) form an emerging technology for the large-scale storage of solar energy in the form of (solar) fuels because of the low cost and ease of processing of their constitutive photoelectrode materials. Preparing such molecular photocathodes requires a well-controlled co-immobilization of molecular dyes and catalysts onto transparent semiconducting materials. Here we used a series of surface analysis techniques to describe the molecular assembly of a push–pull organic dye and a cobalt diimine–dioxime catalyst co-grafted on a p-type NiO electrode substrate. (Photo)electrochemical measurements allowed characterization of electron transfer processes within such an assembly and to demonstrate for the first time that a CoI species is formed as the entry into the light-driven H2 evolution mechanism of a dye-sensitized photocathode. This co-grafted noble-metal free H2-evolving photocathode architecture displays similar performances to its covalent dye–catalyst counterpart based on the same catalytic moiety. Post-operando time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) analysis of these photoelectrodes after extensive photoelectrochemical operation suggested decomposition pathways of the dye and triazole linkage used to graft the catalyst onto NiO, providing grounds for the design of optimized molecular DS-PEC components with increased robustness upon turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Kaeffer
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux , Université Grenoble Alpes , CNRS UMR 5249, CEA , 17 rue des Martyrs , F-38054 Grenoble , Cedex , France . ; http://www.solhycat.com
| | - Christopher D Windle
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux , Université Grenoble Alpes , CNRS UMR 5249, CEA , 17 rue des Martyrs , F-38054 Grenoble , Cedex , France . ; http://www.solhycat.com
| | - Romain Brisse
- Laboratory of Innovation in Surface Chemistry and Nanosciences (LICSEN) , NIMBE , CEA , CNRS , Université Paris-Saclay , CEA Saclay , 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette , Cedex , France
| | - Corinne Gablin
- Univ Lyon , CNRS , Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , ENS de Lyon , Institut des Sciences Analytiques , UMR 5280, 5, rue de la Doua , F-69100 Villeurbanne , France
| | - Didier Leonard
- Univ Lyon , CNRS , Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , ENS de Lyon , Institut des Sciences Analytiques , UMR 5280, 5, rue de la Doua , F-69100 Villeurbanne , France
| | - Bruno Jousselme
- Laboratory of Innovation in Surface Chemistry and Nanosciences (LICSEN) , NIMBE , CEA , CNRS , Université Paris-Saclay , CEA Saclay , 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette , Cedex , France
| | - Murielle Chavarot-Kerlidou
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux , Université Grenoble Alpes , CNRS UMR 5249, CEA , 17 rue des Martyrs , F-38054 Grenoble , Cedex , France . ; http://www.solhycat.com
| | - Vincent Artero
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux , Université Grenoble Alpes , CNRS UMR 5249, CEA , 17 rue des Martyrs , F-38054 Grenoble , Cedex , France . ; http://www.solhycat.com
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22
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Raber MM, Brady MD, Troian-Gautier L, Dickenson JC, Marquard SL, Hyde JT, Lopez SJ, Meyer GJ, Meyer TJ, Harrison DP. Fundamental Factors Impacting the Stability of Phosphonate-Derivatized Ruthenium Polypyridyl Sensitizers Adsorbed on Metal Oxide Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:22821-22833. [PMID: 29883103 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b04587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of 18 ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes were synthesized and evaluated under electrochemically oxidative conditions, which generates the Ru(III) oxidation state and mimics the harsh conditions experienced during the kinetically limited regime that can occur in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and dye-sensitized photo-electrosynthesis cells, to further develop fundamental insights into the factors governing molecular sensitizer surface stability in aqueous 0.1 M HClO4. Both desorption and oxidatively induced ligand substitution were observed on planar fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) electrodes, with a dependence on the E1/2 Ru(III/II) redox potential dictating the comparative ratios of the processes. Complexes such as RuP4OMe ( E1/2 = 0.91 vs Ag/AgCl) displayed virtually only desorption, while complexes such as RuPbpz ( E1/2 > 1.62 V vs Ag/AgCl) displayed only chemical decomposition. Comparing isomers of 4,4'- and 5,5'-disubstituted-2,2'-bipyridine ancillary ligands, a dramatic increase in the rate of desorption of the Ru(III) complexes was observed for the 5,5'-ligands. Nanoscopic indium-doped tin oxide thin films (nanoITO) were also sensitized and analyzed with cyclic voltammetry, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, allowing for further distinction of desorption versus ligand-substitution processes. Desorption loss to bulk solution associated with the planar surface of FTO is essentially non-existent on nanoITO, where both desorption and ligand substitution are shut down with RuP4OMe. These results revealed that minimizing time spent in the oxidized form, incorporating electron-donating groups, maximizing hydrophobicity, and minimizing molecular bulk near the adsorbed ligand are critical to optimizing the performance of ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes in dye-sensitized devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKenzie M Raber
- Department of Chemistry , Virginia Military Institute , Lexington , Virginia 24450 , United States
| | - Matthew D Brady
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - John C Dickenson
- Department of Chemistry , Virginia Military Institute , Lexington , Virginia 24450 , United States
| | - Seth L Marquard
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Jacob T Hyde
- Department of Chemistry , Virginia Military Institute , Lexington , Virginia 24450 , United States
| | - Santiago J Lopez
- Department of Chemistry , Virginia Military Institute , Lexington , Virginia 24450 , United States
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Thomas J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Daniel P Harrison
- Department of Chemistry , Virginia Military Institute , Lexington , Virginia 24450 , United States
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23
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Khade RV, Dutta Choudhury S, Pal H, Kumbhar AS. Excited State Interaction of Ruthenium (II) Imidazole Phenanthroline Complex [Ru(bpy) 2 ipH] 2+ with 1,4-Benzoquinone: Simple Electron Transfer or Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer? Chemphyschem 2018; 19:2380-2388. [PMID: 29873437 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The unidirectional proton coupled electron transfer (PCET) from the excited state of Ru(II) imidazole phenanthroline complex [Ru(bpy)2 ipH]2+ to 1,4-benzoquinone, was studied by steady-state (SS) and time-resolved (TR) fluorescence and transient absorption (TA) measurements. The pKa (9.7) and pKa * (8.6) values of the complex suggest that it behaves as a photoacid on excitation. The difference in the quenching rates obtained from SS and TR fluorescence studies indicate participation of both dynamic quenching and static quenching involving the hydrogen bonded ipH ligand of [Ru(bpy)2 ipH]2+ with the 1,4-benzoquinone quencher, formed in the ground state. Within the hydrogen bonded complex, the ruthenium centre acts as the electron donor, while the ipH ligand acts as the proton donor to the hydrogen bonded 1,4-benzoquinone that acts simultaneously both as the electron and proton acceptor. It is proposed that the static quenching in the hydrogen bonded [Ru(bpy)2 ipH]2+ -1,4-benzoquinone pairs occurs involving the PCET mechanism, while the dynamic quenching occurs through the simple ET mechanism, on diffusional encounter of the isolated 1,4-benzoquinone with the excited [Ru(bpy)2 ipH]2+ complex. The occurrence of broad TA bands around 420-430 nm suggests formation of both 1,4-benzoquinone radical anion as well as the 1,4-benzosemiquinone radical by the interaction of excited [Ru(bpy)2 ipH]2+ with 1,4-benzoquinone, thus supporting the ET process in the studied system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul V Khade
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | | | - Haridas Pal
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Avinash S Kumbhar
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
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24
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Esarey SL, Bartlett BM. pH-Dependence of Binding Constants and Desorption Rates of Phosphonate- and Hydroxamate-Anchored [Ru(bpy) 3] 2+ on TiO 2 and WO 3. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:4535-4547. [PMID: 29601204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The binding constants and rate constants for desorption of the modified molecular dye [Ru(bpy)3]2+ anchored by either phosphonate or hydroxamate on the bipyridine ligand to anatase TiO2 and WO3 have been measured. In aqueous media at pH 1-10, repulsive electrostatic interactions between the negatively charged anchor and the negatively charged surface govern phosphonate desorption under neutral and basic conditions for TiO2 anatase due to the high acidity of phosphonic acid (p Ka,4 = 5.1). In contrast, the lower acidity of hydroxamate (p Ka,1 = 6.5, p Ka,2 = 9.1) leads to little change in adsorption/desorption properties as a function of pH from 1 to 7. The binding constant for hydroxamate is 103 in water, independent of pH in this range. These results are true for WO3 as well, but are not reported at pH > 4 due to its Arrhenius acidity. Kinetics for desorption as a function of pH are reported, with a proposed mechanism for phosphonate desorption at high pH being the electrostatic repulsion of negative charges between the surface and the anionic anchor. Further, the hydroxamic acid anchor itself is likely the site of quasi-reversible redox activity in [Ru(bpy)2(2,2'-bpy-4,4'-(C(O)N(OH))2)]2+, which does not lead to any measurable deterioration of the complex within 2 h of dark cyclic voltammogram scans in aqueous media. These results posit phosphonate as the preferred anchoring group under acidic conditions and hydroxamate for neutral/basic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel L Esarey
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Bart M Bartlett
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
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25
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Bangle R, Sampaio RN, Troian-Gautier L, Meyer GJ. Surface Grafting of Ru(II) Diazonium-Based Sensitizers on Metal Oxides Enhances Alkaline Stability for Solar Energy Conversion. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:3121-3132. [PMID: 29272096 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b16641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The electrografting of [Ru(ttt)(tpy-C6H4-N2+)]3+, where "ttt" is 4,4',4″-tri-tert-butyl-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine, was investigated on several wide band gap metal oxide surfaces (TiO2, SnO2, ZrO2, ZnO, In2O3:Sn) and compared to structurally analogous sensitizers that differed only by the anchoring group, i.e., -PO3H2 and -COOH. An optimized procedure for diazonium electrografting to semiconductor metal oxides is presented that allowed surface coverages that ranged between 4.7 × 10-8 and 10.6 × 10-8 mol cm-2 depending on the nature of the metal oxide. FTIR analysis showed the disappearance of the diazonium stretch at 2266 cm-1 after electrografting. XPS analysis revealed a characteristic peak of Ru 3d at 285 eV as well as a peak at 531.6 eV that was attributed to O 1s in Ti-O-C bonds. Photocurrents were measured to assess electron injection efficiency of these modified surfaces. The electrografted sensitizers exhibited excellent stability across a range of pHs spanning from 1 to 14, where classical binding groups such as carboxylic and phosphonic derivatives were hydrolyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Bangle
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Renato N Sampaio
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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26
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Yamamoto M, Nishizawa Y, Chábera P, Li F, Pascher T, Sundström V, Sun L, Imahori H. Visible light-driven water oxidation with a subporphyrin sensitizer and a water oxidation catalyst. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 52:13702-13705. [PMID: 27819083 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc07877j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A new subporphyrin was synthesized for use as a molecular sensitizer in electrochemical and dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical water oxidation. A photoelectrochemical cell with a TiO2 electrode modified with the sensitizer and a molecular water oxidation catalyst generated higher photocurrent than reference cells that have electrodes modified with either the photosensitizer or the catalyst under visible light (λ > 500 nm) illumination. Oxygen evolution was confirmed after photolysis by GC and GC-MS analyses using isotope-labeling experiments. The large molar extinction coefficients of the ring-contracted porphyrin in the visible region enabled kinetic analysis by time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy, which also supported the photocatalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Nishizawa
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Pavel Chábera
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Fusheng Li
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Torbjörn Pascher
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Villy Sundström
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Licheng Sun
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Hiroshi Imahori
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan. and Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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27
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Ashwin Karthick N, Thangappan R, Arivanandhan M, Gnanamani A, Jayavel R. A Facile Synthesis of Ferrocene Functionalized Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite for Electrochemical Sensing of Lead. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-017-0744-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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28
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Alibabaei L, Dillon RJ, Reilly CE, Brennaman MK, Wee KR, Marquard SL, Papanikolas JM, Meyer TJ. Chromophore-Catalyst Assembly for Water Oxidation Prepared by Atomic Layer Deposition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:39018-39026. [PMID: 29035504 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b11905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Visible-light-driven water splitting was investigated in a dye sensitized photoelectrosynthesis cell (DSPEC) based on a photoanode with a phosphonic acid-derivatized donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) organic chromophore, 1, and the water oxidation catalyst [Ru(bda)(4-O(CH2)3P(O3H2)2-pyr)2], 2, (pyr = pyridine; bda = 2,2'-bipyridine-6,6'-dicarboxylate). The photoanode was prepared by using a layering strategy beginning with the organic dye anchored to an FTO|core/shell electrode, atomic layer deposition (ALD) of a thin layer (<1 nm) of TiO2, and catalyst binding through phosphonate linkage to the TiO2 layer. Device performance was evaluated by photocurrent measurements for core/shell photoanodes, with either SnO2 or nanoITO core materials, in acetate-buffered, aqueous solutions at pH 4.6 or 5.7. The absolute magnitudes of photocurrent changes with the core material, TiO2 spacer layer thickness, or pH, observed photocurrents were 2.5-fold higher in the presence of catalyst. The results of transient absorption measurements and DFT calculations show that electron injection by the photoexcited organic dye is ultrafast promoted by electronic interactions enabled by orientation of the dye's molecular orbitals on the electrode surface. Rapid injection is followed by recombination with the oxidized dye which is 95% complete by 1.5 ns. Although chromophore decomposition limits the efficiency of the DSPEC devices toward O2 production, the flexibility of the strategy presented here offers a new approach to photoanode design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Alibabaei
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Robert J Dillon
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Caroline E Reilly
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - M Kyle Brennaman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Kyung-Ryang Wee
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Seth L Marquard
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - John M Papanikolas
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Thomas J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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29
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Eberhart MS, Wang D, Sampaio RN, Marquard SL, Shan B, Brennaman MK, Meyer GJ, Dares C, Meyer TJ. Water Photo-oxidation Initiated by Surface-Bound Organic Chromophores. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:16248-16255. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b08317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Eberhart
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Degao Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Renato N. Sampaio
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Seth L. Marquard
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Bing Shan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - M. Kyle Brennaman
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Gerald J. Meyer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Christopher Dares
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, MMC 11200
SW 8th Street (CP-3044), Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Thomas J. Meyer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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30
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Garrido-Barros P, Gimbert-Suriñach C, Moonshiram D, Picón A, Monge P, Batista VS, Llobet A. Electronic π-Delocalization Boosts Catalytic Water Oxidation by Cu(II) Molecular Catalysts Heterogenized on Graphene Sheets. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:12907-12910. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b06828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Garrido-Barros
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-BIST), Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament
de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades, C/Marcel·lí Domingo, s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carolina Gimbert-Suriñach
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-BIST), Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Dooshaye Moonshiram
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-BIST), Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antonio Picón
- Grupo
de Investigación en Aplicaciones del Láser y Fotónica,
Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
- Institut de Ciències Fotòniques (ICFO-BIST), 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Monge
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-BIST), Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Victor S. Batista
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University. P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Antoni Llobet
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-BIST), Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament
de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
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31
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Wang D, Sheridan MV, Shan B, Farnum BH, Marquard SL, Sherman BD, Eberhart MS, Nayak A, Dares CJ, Das AK, Bullock RM, Meyer TJ. Layer-by-Layer Molecular Assemblies for Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrosynthesis Cells Prepared by Atomic Layer Deposition. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:14518-14525. [PMID: 28810743 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b07216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In a dye sensitized photoelectrosynthesis cell (DSPEC), the relative orientation of the catalyst and chromophore plays an important role in determining the device efficiency. Here we introduce a new, robust atomic layer deposition (ALD) procedure for the preparation of molecular chromophore-catalyst assemblies on wide bandgap semiconductors. In this procedure, solution deposited, phosphonate derivatized metal complexes on metal oxide surfaces are treated with reactive metal reagents in the gas phase by ALD to form an outer metal ion bridging group, which can bind a second phosphonate containing species from solution to establish a R1-PO2-O-M-O-PO2-R2 type surface assembly. With the ALD procedure, assemblies bridged by Al(III), Sn(IV), Ti(IV), or Zr(IV) metal oxide units have been prepared. To evaluate the performance of this new type of surface assembly, intra-assembly electron transfer was investigated by transient absorption spectroscopy, and light-driven water splitting experiments under steady-state illumination were conducted. A SnO2 bridged assembly on SnO2/TiO2 core/shell electrodes undergoes light-driven water oxidation with an incident photon to current efficiency (IPCE) of 17.1% at 440 nm. Light-driven water reduction with a ruthenium trisbipyridine chromophore and molecular Ni(II) catalyst on NiO films was also used to produce H2. Compared to conventional solution-based procedures, the ALD approach offers significant advantages in scope and flexibility for the preparation of stable surface structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Degao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Matthew V Sheridan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Bing Shan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Byron H Farnum
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Seth L Marquard
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Benjamin D Sherman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Michael S Eberhart
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Animesh Nayak
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Christopher J Dares
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University , 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Atanu K Das
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , P.O. Box 999, K2-12, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - R Morris Bullock
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , P.O. Box 999, K2-12, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Thomas J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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32
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Odrobina J, Scholz J, Risch M, Dechert S, Jooss C, Meyer F. Chasing the Achilles’ Heel in Hybrid Systems of Diruthenium Water Oxidation Catalysts Anchored on Indium Tin Oxide: The Stability of the Anchor. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b01883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jann Odrobina
- University of Goettingen, Institute of Inorganic
Chemistry, Tammannstraße
4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julius Scholz
- University of Goettingen, Institute of Materials
Physics, Friedrich-Hund-Platz
1, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marcel Risch
- University of Goettingen, Institute of Materials
Physics, Friedrich-Hund-Platz
1, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dechert
- University of Goettingen, Institute of Inorganic
Chemistry, Tammannstraße
4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Jooss
- University of Goettingen, Institute of Materials
Physics, Friedrich-Hund-Platz
1, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
- University of Goettingen, International Center
for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion (ICASEC), D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franc Meyer
- University of Goettingen, Institute of Inorganic
Chemistry, Tammannstraße
4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
- University of Goettingen, International Center
for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion (ICASEC), D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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33
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Matheu R, Moreno-Hernandez IA, Sala X, Gray HB, Brunschwig BS, Llobet A, Lewis NS. Photoelectrochemical Behavior of a Molecular Ru-Based Water-Oxidation Catalyst Bound to TiO 2-Protected Si Photoanodes. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:11345-11348. [PMID: 28780849 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b06800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A hybrid photoanode based on a molecular water oxidation precatalyst was prepared from TiO2-protected n- or p+-Si coated with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNT) and the ruthenium-based water oxidation precatalyst [RuIV(tda)(py-pyr)2(O)], 1(O) (tda2- is [2,2':6',2″-terpyridine]-6,6″-dicarboxylato and py-pir is 4-(pyren-1-yl)-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)butanamide). The Ru complex was immobilized by π-π stacking onto CNTs that had been deposited by drop casting onto Si electrodes coated with 60 nm of amorphous TiO2 and 20 nm of a layer of sputtered C. At pH = 7 with 3 Sun illumination, the n-Si/TiO2/C/CNT/[1+1(O)] electrodes exhibited current densities of 1 mA cm-2 at 1.07 V vs NHE. The current density was maintained for >200 min at a constant potential while intermittently collecting voltammograms that indicated that over half of the Ru was still in molecular form after O2 evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roc Matheu
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) , Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ivan A Moreno-Hernandez
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Xavier Sala
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Harry B Gray
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States.,Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Bruce S Brunschwig
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Antoni Llobet
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) , Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nathan S Lewis
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States.,Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States.,Kavli Nanoscience Institute, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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34
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Beauvilliers EE, Malewschik T, Meyer GJ. Alcohol‐Based Sensitizer–Semiconductor Linkages Towards Improved Interfacial Electron Transfer Kinetics. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201700040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evan E. Beauvilliers
- Department of Chemistry The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 123 South Road Chapel Hill North Carolina 27599-3290 USA
| | - Talita Malewschik
- Department of Chemistry The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 123 South Road Chapel Hill North Carolina 27599-3290 USA
| | - Gerald J. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 123 South Road Chapel Hill North Carolina 27599-3290 USA
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35
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Eberhart MS, Wee KR, Marquard S, Skinner K, Wang D, Nayak A, Meyer TJ. Fluoropolymer-Stabilized Chromophore-Catalyst Assemblies in Aqueous Buffer Solutions for Water-Oxidation Catalysis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:2380-2384. [PMID: 28453926 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201700630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Here, the application of the fluorinated polymer [Dupont AF, a copolymer of 4,5-difluoro-2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dioxole and tetrafluoroethylene] is described in stabilizing phosphonate-derivatized molecular assemblies on oxide electrodes. In the procedure, the polymer was dip-coated onto the surfaces of oxide electrodes with pre-bound, phosphonate-derivatized chromophores and assemblies, including assemblies for water oxidation. The results of the experiments showed a high degree of stabilization by the added polymer and a demonstration of its use in stabilizing surface-bound assemblies for water-oxidation catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Eberhart
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Kyung-Ryang Wee
- Department of Chemistry, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 712-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Seth Marquard
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Kasey Skinner
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Degao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Animesh Nayak
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Thomas J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
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36
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Bullock RM, Das AK, Appel AM. Surface Immobilization of Molecular Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion. Chemistry 2017; 23:7626-7641. [PMID: 28178367 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Electrocatalysts are critically important for a secure energy future, as they facilitate the conversion between electrical and chemical energy. Molecular catalysts offer precise control of structure that enables understanding of structure-reactivity relationships, which can be difficult to achieve with heterogeneous catalysts. Molecular electrocatalysts can be immobilized on surfaces by covalent bonds or through non-covalent interactions. Advantages of surface immobilization include the need for less catalyst, avoidance of bimolecular decomposition pathways, and easier determination of catalyst lifetime. This Minireview highlights surface immobilization of molecular electrocatalysts for reduction of O2 , oxidation of H2 O, production of H2 , and reduction of CO2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- R Morris Bullock
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Atanu K Das
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Aaron M Appel
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
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37
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Odrobina J, Scholz J, Pannwitz A, Francàs L, Dechert S, Llobet A, Jooss C, Meyer F. Backbone Immobilization of the Bis(bipyridyl)pyrazolate Diruthenium Catalyst for Electrochemical Water Oxidation. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b02860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jann Odrobina
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Georg-August-University, Tammannstraße 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julius Scholz
- Institute
for Materials Physics, Georg-August-University, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Pannwitz
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Georg-August-University, Tammannstraße 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Laia Francàs
- Institute of Chemical
Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països
Catalans 16, E-43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sebastian Dechert
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Georg-August-University, Tammannstraße 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Antoni Llobet
- Institute of Chemical
Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països
Catalans 16, E-43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament
de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08460 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christian Jooss
- Institute
for Materials Physics, Georg-August-University, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
- International
Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion (ICASEC), Georg-August-University, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franc Meyer
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Georg-August-University, Tammannstraße 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
- International
Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion (ICASEC), Georg-August-University, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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38
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Oehrlein AN, Sanchez-Diaz A, Goff PC, Ziegler GM, Pappenfus TM, Mann KR, Blank DA, Gladfelter WL. Effects of a phosphonate anchoring group on the excited state electron transfer rates from a terthiophene chromophore to a ZnO nanocrystal. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:24294-24303. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03784h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Relative to carboxyl-anchored chromophores, phosphonate-anchored dyes are bound more strongly but slow the excited state electron transfer to ZnO nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda N. Oehrlein
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
- Minneapolis
- USA
| | | | - Philip C. Goff
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
- Minneapolis
- USA
| | | | - Ted M. Pappenfus
- Division of Science and Mathematics
- University of Minnesota-Morris
- Morris
- USA
| | - Kent R. Mann
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
- Minneapolis
- USA
| | - David A. Blank
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
- Minneapolis
- USA
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39
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Meyer TJ, Sheridan MV, Sherman BD. Mechanisms of molecular water oxidation in solution and on oxide surfaces. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:6148-6169. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00465f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Initial experiments on water oxidation by well-defined molecular catalysts were initiated with the goal of finding solutions to solar energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Chapel Hill
- USA
| | - Matthew V. Sheridan
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Chapel Hill
- USA
| | - Benjamin D. Sherman
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Chapel Hill
- USA
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40
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Takijiri K, Morita K, Nakazono T, Sakai K, Ozawa H. Highly stable chemisorption of dyes with pyridyl anchors over TiO2: application in dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical water reduction in aqueous media. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:3042-3045. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc10321a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The “pyridyl anchoring technique” enables constant photocurrent density in a water reduction dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cell with a polypyridyl ruthenium sensitizer having pyridyl anchors (Ru-py).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Takijiri
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Kyushu University
- Nishi-ku
- Japan
| | - Kohei Morita
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Kyushu University
- Nishi-ku
- Japan
| | - Takashi Nakazono
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Kyushu University
- Nishi-ku
- Japan
| | - Ken Sakai
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Kyushu University
- Nishi-ku
- Japan
| | - Hironobu Ozawa
- Education Center for Global Leaders in Molecular Systems for Devices
- Kyushu University
- Nishi-ku
- Japan
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41
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Sherman BD, Sheridan MV, Wee KR, Marquard SL, Wang D, Alibabaei L, Ashford DL, Meyer TJ. A Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrochemical Tandem Cell for Light Driven Hydrogen Production from Water. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:16745-16753. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D. Sherman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Matthew V. Sheridan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Kyung-Ryang Wee
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Seth L. Marquard
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Degao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Leila Alibabaei
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Dennis L. Ashford
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Thomas J. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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42
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Creus J, Matheu R, Peñafiel I, Moonshiram D, Blondeau P, Benet-Buchholz J, García-Antón J, Sala X, Godard C, Llobet A. A Million Turnover Molecular Anode for Catalytic Water Oxidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:15382-15386. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Creus
- Departament de Química; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Carrer dels Til⋅lers s/n 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Carrer Marcel⋅lí Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Roc Matheu
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Carrer Marcel⋅lí Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ); Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST); Avinguda Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Itziar Peñafiel
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Carrer Marcel⋅lí Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Dooshaye Moonshiram
- Chemical Science and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory; 9700 S. Cass Avenue Lemont IL 60439 USA
| | - Pascal Blondeau
- Departament de Química Orgànica i Analítica; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Carrer Marcel⋅lí Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Jordi Benet-Buchholz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ); Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST); Avinguda Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Jordi García-Antón
- Departament de Química; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Carrer dels Til⋅lers s/n 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
| | - Xavier Sala
- Departament de Química; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Carrer dels Til⋅lers s/n 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
| | - Cyril Godard
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Carrer Marcel⋅lí Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Antoni Llobet
- Departament de Química; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Carrer dels Til⋅lers s/n 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ); Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST); Avinguda Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
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43
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Creus J, Matheu R, Peñafiel I, Moonshiram D, Blondeau P, Benet-Buchholz J, García-Antón J, Sala X, Godard C, Llobet A. A Million Turnover Molecular Anode for Catalytic Water Oxidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Creus
- Departament de Química; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Carrer dels Til⋅lers s/n 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Carrer Marcel⋅lí Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Roc Matheu
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Carrer Marcel⋅lí Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ); Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST); Avinguda Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Itziar Peñafiel
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Carrer Marcel⋅lí Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Dooshaye Moonshiram
- Chemical Science and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory; 9700 S. Cass Avenue Lemont IL 60439 USA
| | - Pascal Blondeau
- Departament de Química Orgànica i Analítica; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Carrer Marcel⋅lí Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Jordi Benet-Buchholz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ); Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST); Avinguda Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Jordi García-Antón
- Departament de Química; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Carrer dels Til⋅lers s/n 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
| | - Xavier Sala
- Departament de Química; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Carrer dels Til⋅lers s/n 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
| | - Cyril Godard
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Carrer Marcel⋅lí Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Antoni Llobet
- Departament de Química; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Carrer dels Til⋅lers s/n 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ); Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST); Avinguda Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
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44
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Yamamoto M, Tanaka K. Artificial Molecular Photosynthetic Systems: Towards Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation. Chempluschem 2016; 81:1028-1044. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201600236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Koji Tanaka
- Advanced Chemical Technology Center in Kyoto; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences; Kyoto University; Jibucho 105, Fushimi-ku Kyoto 612-8374 Japan
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45
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Brennaman MK, Dillon RJ, Alibabaei L, Gish MK, Dares CJ, Ashford DL, House RL, Meyer GJ, Papanikolas JM, Meyer TJ. Finding the Way to Solar Fuels with Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrosynthesis Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:13085-13102. [PMID: 27654634 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b06466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The dye-sensitized photoelectrosynthesis cell (DSPEC) integrates high bandgap, nanoparticle oxide semiconductors with the light-absorbing and catalytic properties of designed chromophore-catalyst assemblies. The goals are photoelectrochemical water splitting into hydrogen and oxygen and reduction of CO2 by water to give oxygen and carbon-based fuels. Solar-driven water oxidation occurs at a photoanode and water or CO2 reduction at a cathode or photocathode initiated by molecular-level light absorption. Light absorption is followed by electron or hole injection, catalyst activation, and catalytic water oxidation or water/CO2 reduction. The DSPEC is of recent origin but significant progress has been made. It has the potential to play an important role in our energy future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kyle Brennaman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , CB#3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Robert J Dillon
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , CB#3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Leila Alibabaei
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , CB#3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Melissa K Gish
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , CB#3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Christopher J Dares
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , CB#3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Dennis L Ashford
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , CB#3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Ralph L House
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , CB#3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , CB#3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - John M Papanikolas
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , CB#3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Thomas J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , CB#3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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46
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Chen BT, Morlanés N, Adogla E, Takanabe K, Rodionov VO. An Efficient and Stable Hydrophobic Molecular Cobalt Catalyst for Water Electro-oxidation at Neutral pH. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b01237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ba-Tian Chen
- KAUST
Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Natalia Morlanés
- KAUST
Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Enoch Adogla
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631
Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Kazuhiro Takanabe
- KAUST
Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Valentin O. Rodionov
- KAUST
Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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47
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Francàs L, Richmond C, Garrido-Barros P, Planas N, Roeser S, Benet-Buchholz J, Escriche L, Sala X, Llobet A. Ru-bis(pyridine)pyrazolate (bpp)-Based Water-Oxidation Catalysts Anchored on TiO2
: The Importance of the Nature and Position of the Anchoring Group. Chemistry 2016; 22:5261-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laia Francàs
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ); Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Craig Richmond
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ); Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Pablo Garrido-Barros
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ); Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Nora Planas
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ); Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Stephan Roeser
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ); Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Jordi Benet-Buchholz
- Departament de Química; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Lluís Escriche
- Departament de Química; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Xavier Sala
- Departament de Química; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Antoni Llobet
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ); Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Departament de Química; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Barcelona Spain
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48
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Ronconi F, Santoni MP, Nastasi F, Bruno G, Argazzi R, Berardi S, Caramori S, Bignozzi CA, Campagna S. Charge injection into nanostructured TiO2 electrodes from the photogenerated reduced form of a new Ru(ii) polypyridine compound: the “anti-biomimetic” mechanism at work. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:14109-23. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01970f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Two charge injection mechanisms are active in a new dye-TiO2 assembly, varying the sacrificial donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Ronconi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara
- Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Marie-Pierre Santoni
- Department of Chemical
- Biological
- Pharmaceutical
- and Environmental Sciences
- University of Messina and Centro Interuniversitario per la Conversione Chimica dell'Energia Solare (SOLAR-CHEM)
| | - Francesco Nastasi
- Department of Chemical
- Biological
- Pharmaceutical
- and Environmental Sciences
- University of Messina and Centro Interuniversitario per la Conversione Chimica dell'Energia Solare (SOLAR-CHEM)
| | - Giuseppe Bruno
- Department of Chemical
- Biological
- Pharmaceutical
- and Environmental Sciences
- University of Messina and Centro Interuniversitario per la Conversione Chimica dell'Energia Solare (SOLAR-CHEM)
| | - Roberto Argazzi
- CNR-ISOF co Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara
- Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Serena Berardi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara
- Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Stefano Caramori
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara
- Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Carlo A. Bignozzi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara
- Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Sebastiano Campagna
- Department of Chemical
- Biological
- Pharmaceutical
- and Environmental Sciences
- University of Messina and Centro Interuniversitario per la Conversione Chimica dell'Energia Solare (SOLAR-CHEM)
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49
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Yamamoto M, Wang L, Li F, Fukushima T, Tanaka K, Sun L, Imahori H. Visible light-driven water oxidation using a covalently-linked molecular catalyst-sensitizer dyad assembled on a TiO 2 electrode. Chem Sci 2015; 7:1430-1439. [PMID: 29910901 PMCID: PMC5975926 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03669k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of porphyrin as a sensitizer and a ruthenium complex as a water oxidation catalyst (WOC) is promising to exploit highly efficient molecular artificial photosynthetic systems. A covalently-linked ruthenium-based WOC-zinc porphyrin (ZnP) sensitizer dyad was assembled on a TiO2 electrode for visible-light driven water oxidation. The water oxidation activity was found to be improved in comparison to the reference systems with the simple combination of the individual WOC and ZnP as well as with ZnP solely, demonstrating the advantage of the covalent linking approach over the non-covalent one. More importantly, via vectorial multi-step electron transfer triggered by visible light, the dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cell (DSPEC) achieved a broader PEC response in the visible region than DSPECs with conventional ruthenium-based sensitizers. Initial incident photon-to-current efficiencies of 18% at 424 nm and 6.4% at 564 nm were attained under monochromatic illumination and an external bias of -0.2 V vs. NHE. Fast electron transfer from the WOC to the photogenerated radical cation of the sensitizer through the covalent linkage may suppress undesirable charge recombination, realizing the moderate performance of water oxidation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis of the photoanodes before and after the DSPEC operation suggested that most of the ruthenium species exist at higher oxidation states, implying that the insufficient oxidation potential of the ZnP moiety for further oxidizing the intermediate ruthenium species at the photoanode is at least the bottleneck of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Engineering , Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Nishikyo-ku , Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan .
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Chemistry , School of Chemical Science and Engineering , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , 100 44 Stockholm , Sweden .
| | - Fusheng Li
- Department of Chemistry , School of Chemical Science and Engineering , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , 100 44 Stockholm , Sweden .
| | - Takashi Fukushima
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) , Kyoto University , Nishikyo-ku , Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan
| | - Koji Tanaka
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) , Kyoto University , Nishikyo-ku , Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan
| | - Licheng Sun
- Department of Chemistry , School of Chemical Science and Engineering , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , 100 44 Stockholm , Sweden .
| | - Hiroshi Imahori
- Department of Molecular Engineering , Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Nishikyo-ku , Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan . .,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) , Kyoto University , Nishikyo-ku , Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan
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50
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Sherman BD, Sheridan MV, Wee KR, Song N, Dares CJ, Fang Z, Tamaki Y, Nayak A, Meyer TJ. Analysis of Homogeneous Water Oxidation Catalysis with Collector-Generator Cells. Inorg Chem 2015; 55:512-7. [PMID: 26561735 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A collector-generator (C-G) technique has been applied to determine the Faradaic efficiencies for electrocatalytic O2 production by the homogeneous water oxidation catalysts Ru(bda)(isoq)2 (1; bda = 2,2'-bipyridine and isoq = isoquinoline) and [Ru(tpy)(bpz)(OH2)](2+) (2; tpy = 2,2':6',2″-terpyridine and bpz = 2,2'-bipyrazine). This technique uses a custom-fabricated cell consisting of two fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) working electrodes separated by 1 mm with the conductive sides facing each other. With a catalyst in solution, water oxidation occurs at one FTO electrode under a sufficient bias to drive O2 formation by the catalyst; the O2 formed then diffuses to the second FTO electrode poised at a potential sufficiently negative to drive O2 reduction. A comparison of the current versus time response at each electrode enables determination of the Faradaic efficiency for O2 production with high concentrations of supporting electrolyte important for avoiding capacitance effects between the electrodes. The C-G technique was applied to electrocatalytic water oxidation by 1 in the presence of the electron-transfer mediator Ru(bpy)3(2+) in both unbuffered aqueous solutions and with the added buffer bases HCO3(-), HPO4(2-), imidazole, 1-methylimidazole, and 4-methoxypyridine. HCO3(-) and HPO4(2-) facilitate water oxidation by atom-proton transfer (APT), which gave Faradaic yields of 100%. With imidazole as the buffer base, coordination to the catalyst inhibited water oxidation. 1-Methylimidazole and 4-methoxypyridine gave O2 yields of 55% and 76%, respectively, with the lower Faradaic efficiencies possibly due to competitive C-H oxidation of the bases. O2 evolution by catalyst 2 was evaluated at pH 12 with 0.1 M PO4(3-) and at pH 7 in a 0.1 M H2PO4(-)/HPO4(2-) buffer. At pH 12, at an applied potential of 0.8 V vs SCE, water oxidation by the Ru(IV)(O)(2+) form of the catalyst gave O2 in 73% yield. In a pH 7 solution, water oxidation at 1.4 V vs SCE, which is dominated by Ru(V)(O)(3+), gave O2 with an efficiency of 100%. The lower efficiency for Ru(IV)(O)(2+) at pH 12 may be due to competitive oxidation of a polypyridyl ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Sherman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Matthew V Sheridan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Kyung-Ryang Wee
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Na Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Christopher J Dares
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Zhen Fang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Yusuke Tamaki
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Animesh Nayak
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Thomas J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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