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Yan Z, Luo S, Li Q, Wu ZS, Liu SF. Recent Advances in Flexible Wearable Supercapacitors: Properties, Fabrication, and Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2302172. [PMID: 37537662 PMCID: PMC10885655 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
A supercapacitor is a potential electrochemical energy storage device with high-power density (PD) for driving flexible, smart, electronic devices. In particular, flexible supercapacitors (FSCs) have reliable mechanical and electrochemical properties and have become an important part of wearable, smart, electronic devices. It is noteworthy that the flexible electrode, electrolyte, separator and current collector all play key roles in overall FSCs. In this review, the unique mechanical properties, structural designs and fabrication methods of each flexible component are systematically classified, summarized and discussed based on the recent progress of FSCs. Further, the practical applications of FSCs are delineated, and the opportunities and challenges of FSCs in wearable technologies are proposed. The development of high-performance FSCs will greatly promote electricity storage toward more practical and widely varying fields. However, with the development of portable equipment, simple FSCs cannot satisfy the needs of integrated and intelligent flexible wearable devices for long durations. It is anticipated that the combining an FSC and a flexible power source such as flexible solar cells is an effective strategy to solve this problem. This review also includes some discussions of flexible self-powered devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710065, P. R. China
| | - Sheji Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710065, P. R. China
| | - Qi Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Shuai Wu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Shengzhong Frank Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, P. R. China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
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Chen X, Wu Y, Holze R. Ag(e)ing and Degradation of Supercapacitors: Causes, Mechanisms, Models and Countermeasures. Molecules 2023; 28:5028. [PMID: 37446693 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The most prominent and highly visible advantage attributed to supercapacitors of any type and application, beyond their most notable feature of high current capability, is their high stability in terms of lifetime, number of possible charge/discharge cycles or other stability-related properties. Unfortunately, actual devices show more or less pronounced deterioration of performance parameters during time and use. Causes for this in the material and component levels, as well as on the device level, have only been addressed and discussed infrequently in published reports. The present review attempts a complete coverage on these levels; it adds in modelling approaches and provides suggestions for slowing down ag(e)ing and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuecheng Chen
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Piastów Ave. 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Yuping Wu
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Rudolf Holze
- Chemnitz University of Technology, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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Wu Y, Zhao X, Shang Y, Chang S, Dai L, Cao A. Application-Driven Carbon Nanotube Functional Materials. ACS NANO 2021; 15:7946-7974. [PMID: 33988980 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube functional materials (CNTFMs) represent an important research field in transforming nanoscience and nanotechnology into practical applications, with potential impact in a wide realm of science, technology, and engineering. In this review, we combine the state-of-the-art research activities of CNTFMs with the application prospect, to highlight critical issues and identify future challenges. We focus on macroscopic long fibers, thin films, and bulk sponges which are typical CNTFMs in different dimensions with distinct characteristics, and also cover a variety of derived composite/hierarchical materials. Critical issues related to their structures, properties, and applications as robust conductive skeletons or high-performance flexible electrodes in mechanical and electronic devices, advanced energy conversion and storage systems, and environmental areas have been discussed specifically. Finally, possible solutions and directions are proposed for overcoming current obstacles and promoting future efforts in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizeng Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuewei Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Shang
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shulong Chang
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Linxiu Dai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Anyuan Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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Ilic IK, Oschatz M. The Functional Chameleon of Materials Chemistry-Combining Carbon Structures into All-Carbon Hybrid Nanomaterials with Intrinsic Porosity to Overcome the "Functionality-Conductivity-Dilemma" in Electrochemical Energy Storage and Electrocatalysis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2007508. [PMID: 33773047 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202007508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanoporous carbon materials can cover a remarkably wide range of physicochemical properties. They are widely applied in electrochemical energy storage and electrocatalysis. As a matter of fact, all these applications combine a chemical process at the electrode-electrolyte interface with the transport (and possibly the transfer) of electrons. This leads to multiple requirements which can hardly be fulfilled by one and the same material. This "functionality-conductivity-dilemma" can be minimized when multiple carbon-based compounds are combined into porous all-carbon hybrid nanomaterials. This article is giving a broad and general perspective on this approach from the viewpoint of materials chemists. The problem and existing solutions are first summarized. This is followed by an overview of the most important design principles for such porous materials, a chapter discussing recent examples from different fields where the formation of comparable structures has already been successfully applied, and an outlook over the future development of this field that is foreseen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan K Ilic
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Martin Oschatz
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Institute for Technical Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Philosophenweg 7a, 07743, Jena, Germany
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Multifunctional Graphene-Based Composite Sponge. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20020329. [PMID: 31936007 PMCID: PMC7014689 DOI: 10.3390/s20020329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Although graphene has been widely used as a nano-filler to enhance the conductivity of porous materials, it is still an unsatisfactory requirement to prepare graphene-based sponge porous materials by simple and low-cost methods to enhance their mechanical properties and make them have good sensing and capacitive properties. Graphene platelets (GnPs) were prepared by the thermal expansion method. Graphene-based sponge porous materials were prepared by a simple method. A flexible sensor was formed and supercapacitors were assembled. Compared with other graphene-based composites, the graphene-based composite sponge has good electrical response under bending and torsion loading. Under 180° bending and torsion loading, the maximum resistance change rate can reach 13.9% and 52.5%, respectively. The linearity under tension is 0.01. The mechanical properties and capacitance properties of the sponge nanocomposites were optimized when the filler fraction was 1.43 wt.%. The tensile strength was 0.236 MPa and capacitance was 21.4 F/g. In cycles, the capacitance retention rate is 94.45%. The experimental results show that the graphene-based sponge porous material can be used as a multifunctional flexible sensor and supercapacitor, and it is a promising and multifunctional porous nanocomposite material.
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Palisoc S, Dungo JM, Natividad M. Low-cost supercapacitor based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes and activated carbon derived from Moringa Oleifera fruit shells. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03202. [PMID: 32021923 PMCID: PMC6994834 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
An electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) was fabricated using multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and activated carbon (AC) derived from Moringa Oleifera fruit shells as electrode material. The carbonization temperature and the weight ratio of the fruit shells to the activating agent were varied to determine the best condition in the fabrication of the electrodes. Activation of the carbonized fruit shells by ZnCl2 resulted in the formation of pores as verified by the scanning electron micrographs. Energy dispersive X-ray analyses show that the washing of the carbonized sample resulted in the removal of zinc and chlorine residues. The supercapacitor electrodes were fabricated by adding polyvinylidene fluoride and N-methylpyrrolidone to the MWCNT-AC mixture to form a slurry and was cast onto a nickel foam. The capacitance of the fabricated electrodes was determined using a potentiostat. The activated carbon with a carbonization temperature of 800 °C and a 1:2 weight ratio between the fruit shells and ZnCl2 was observed to have the highest capacitance of 130 F g-1 and was duplicated to fabricate the supercapacitor electrodes. A glass microfiber filter was soaked in 3 M KOH and placed in between the two electrodes. The specific capacitance of the EDLC was found to be 122 F g-1 at a current density of 0.5 A g-1, average energy density of 17 W h kg-1, average power density of 1.5 kW kg-1 and an equivalent series resistance of 1.6 Ω. After 100 scans with a scan rate of 0.1 V s-1, the percent decrease in capacitance was calculated to be 2.65 % of its original capacitance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Palisoc
- Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, De La Salle University, Manila, 922, Philippines
- Condensed Matter Research Unit, CENSER, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, Manila, 922, Philippines
| | - Joshua Marco Dungo
- Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, De La Salle University, Manila, 922, Philippines
| | - Michelle Natividad
- Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, De La Salle University, Manila, 922, Philippines
- Condensed Matter Research Unit, CENSER, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, Manila, 922, Philippines
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Banerjee J, Dutta K, Kader MA, Nayak SK. An overview on the recent developments in polyaniline‐based supercapacitors. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joyita Banerjee
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Kingshuk Dutta
- Advanced Research School for Technology and Product Simulation (ARSTPS), School for Advanced Research in Polymers (SARP)Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET) Chennai India
| | - M. Abdul Kader
- Advanced Research School for Technology and Product Simulation (ARSTPS), School for Advanced Research in Polymers (SARP)Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET) Chennai India
| | - Sanjay K. Nayak
- Head OfficeCentral Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET) Chennai India
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Wang Z, Mo F, Ma L, Yang Q, Liang G, Liu Z, Li H, Li N, Zhang H, Zhi C. Highly Compressible Cross-Linked Polyacrylamide Hydrogel-Enabled Compressible Zn-MnO 2 Battery and a Flexible Battery-Sensor System. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:44527-44534. [PMID: 30507152 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b17607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The fast advancement in flexible and wearable electronics has put up with new requirements on the energy storage device with improved tolerance to deformation apart from offering power output. Despite the tremendous progress in stretchable energy storage devices, the compressional energy storage devices have indeed received limited research attention. In this work, an intrinsically compressible rechargeable battery was proposed using the Zn-MnO2 chemistry and a cross-linked polyacrylamide hydrogel electrolyte. Interestingly, the battery exhibited not only good energy storage performances but also excellent tolerance against large compressional strain without sacrificing the energy storage capability. It was also found that the ionic conductivities of the hydrogel increased with the values of the compressional strain, leading to an enhanced electrochemical performance. More importantly, upon dynamic compression, the voltage output of the battery can be very stable and reliable. Consequently, the battery assembled using the hydrogel electrolyte can be used to power a luminescent panel even with a 3 kg load on top of it. It was also demonstrated that the flexible sensor powered by our compressible battery exhibited similar and stable sensory signals compared with the same sensor powered by two commercial alkaline batteries. Furthermore, because of the excellent mechanical property of our battery, a smart wristband fabricated by integrating two battery packs and the flexible piezoresistive sensor could be powered and used to monitor the pressure exerted, demonstrating the battery's potential as the wearable power source for the flexible and wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifeng Wang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering , City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR 999077 , China
| | - Funian Mo
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering , City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR 999077 , China
| | - Longtao Ma
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering , City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR 999077 , China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering , City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR 999077 , China
| | - Guojin Liang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering , City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR 999077 , China
| | - Zhuoxin Liu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering , City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR 999077 , China
| | - Hongfei Li
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering , City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR 999077 , China
| | - Na Li
- School of Material and Energy , Guangdong University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006 , PR China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- School of Material and Energy , Guangdong University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006 , PR China
| | - Chunyi Zhi
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering , City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR 999077 , China
- Chengdu Research Institute , City University of Hong Kong , Chengdu 610000 , China
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9
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Lu H, Zou L, Xu Y, Li YV. Controlled dispersion of multiwalled carbon nanotubes modified by hyperbranched polylysine. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjing Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Vivian Li
- Department of Design and Merchandising; College of Health and Human Sciences, Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado USA 80523
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Lv P, Tang X, Zheng R, Ma X, Yu K, Wei W. Graphene/Polyaniline Aerogel with Superelasticity and High Capacitance as Highly Compression-Tolerant Supercapacitor Electrode. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 12:630. [PMID: 29260343 PMCID: PMC5736521 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-2395-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Superelastic graphene aerogel with ultra-high compressibility shows promising potential for compression-tolerant supercapacitor electrode. However, its specific capacitance is too low to meet the practical application. Herein, we deposited polyaniline (PANI) into the superelastic graphene aerogel to improve the capacitance while maintaining the superelasticity. Graphene/PANI aerogel with optimized PANI mass content of 63 wt% shows the improved specific capacitance of 713 F g-1 in the three-electrode system. And the graphene/PANI aerogel presents a high recoverable compressive strain of 90% due to the strong interaction between PANI and graphene. The all-solid-state supercapacitors were assembled to demonstrate the compression-tolerant ability of graphene/PANI electrodes. The gravimetric capacitance of graphene/PANI electrodes reaches 424 F g-1 and retains 96% even at 90% compressive strain. And a volumetric capacitance of 65.5 F cm-3 is achieved, which is much higher than that of other compressible composite electrodes. Furthermore, several compressible supercapacitors can be integrated and connected in series to enhance the overall output voltage, suggesting the potential to meet the practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lv
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Nanjing University of Post and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xun Tang
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Nanjing University of Post and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruilin Zheng
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Nanjing University of Post and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Ma
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Nanjing University of Post and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Kehan Yu
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Nanjing University of Post and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Nanjing University of Post and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
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Lv P, Wang Y, Ji C, Yuan J. Superelastic Graphene Aerogel/Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene)/MnO2 Composite as Compression-Tolerant Electrode for Electrochemical Capacitors. MATERIALS 2017. [PMCID: PMC5744288 DOI: 10.3390/ma10121353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Ultra-compressible electrodes with high electrochemical performance, reversible compressibility and extreme durability are in high demand in compression-tolerant energy storage devices. Herein, an ultra-compressible ternary composite was synthesized by successively electrodepositing poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and MnO2 into the superelastic graphene aerogel (SEGA). In SEGA/PEDOT/MnO2 ternary composite, SEGA provides the compressible backbone and conductive network; MnO2 is mainly responsible for pseudo reactions; the middle PEDOT not only reduces the interface resistance between MnO2 and graphene, but also further reinforces the strength of graphene cellar walls. The synergistic effect of the three components in the ternary composite electrode leads to high electrochemical performances and good compression-tolerant ability. The gravimetric capacitance of the compressible ternary composite electrodes reaches 343 F g−1 and can retain 97% even at 95% compressive strain. And a volumetric capacitance of 147.4 F cm−3 is achieved, which is much higher than that of other graphene-based compressible electrodes. This value of volumetric capacitance can be preserved by 80% after 3500 charge/discharge cycles under various compression strains, indicating an extreme durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lv
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-25-8586-6296
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12
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Shi X, Jiang S, Hu Y, Peng X, Yang H, Qian X. Phosphorylated chitosan-cobalt complex: A novel green flame retardant for polylactic acid. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Shi
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Saihua Jiang
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230027 China
| | - Xiangfang Peng
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Hongyu Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Chongqing University; Chongqing 400044 China
| | - Xiaodong Qian
- Key Lab Firefighting & Rescuing Technology, Ministry of Public Security; Chinese People's Armed Police Force Academy; Xichang Road 220 Langfang City Hebei Province 065000 China
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Tsui MN, Kim KH, Islam MF. Drastically Enhancing Moduli of Graphene-Coated Carbon Nanotube Aerogels via Densification while Retaining Temperature-Invariant Superelasticity and Ultrahigh Efficiency. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:37954-37961. [PMID: 28991429 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b12243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lightweight open-cell foams that are simultaneously superelastic, possess exceptionally high Young's moduli (Y), exhibit ultrahigh efficiency, and resist fatigue as well as creep are particularly desirable as structural frameworks. Unfortunately, many of these features are orthogonal in foams of metals, ceramics, and polymers, particularly under large temperature variations. In contrast, foams of carbon allotropes including carbon nanotubes and graphene developed over the past few years exhibit these desired properties but have low Y due to low density, ρ = 0.5-10 mg/mL. Densification of these foams enhances Y although below expectation and also dramatically degrades other properties because of drastic changes in microstructure. We have recently developed size- and shape-tunable graphene-coated single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) aerogels that display superelasticity at least up to a compressive strain (ε) = 80%, fatigue and creep resistance, and ultrahigh efficiency over -100-500 °C. Unfortunately, Y of these aerogels is only ∼0.75 MPa due to low ρ ≈ 14 mg/mL, limiting their competitiveness as structural foams. We report fabrication of similar aerogels but with ρ spanning more than an order of magnitude from 16-400 mg/mL through controlled isostatic compression in the presence of a polymer coating circumventing any microstructural changes in stark contrast to other foams of carbon allotropes. The compressive stress (σ) versus ε measurements show that the densification of aerogels from ρ ≈ 16 to 400 mg/mL dramatically enhances Y from 0.9 to 400 MPa while maintaining superelasticity at least up to ε = 10% even at the highest ρ. The storage (E') and loss (E″) moduli measured in the linear regime show ultralow loss coefficient, tan δ = E″/E' ≈ 0.02, that remains constant over three decades of frequencies (0.628-628 rad/s), suggesting unusually high frequency-invariant efficiency. Furthermore, these aerogels retain exceptional fatigue resistance for 106 loading-unloading cycles to ε = 2% and creep resistance for at least 30 min under σ = 0.02 MPa with ρ = 16 mg/mL and σ = 2.5 MPa with higher ρ = 400 mg/mL. Lastly, these robust mechanical properties are stable over a broad temperature range of -100-500 °C, motivating their use as highly efficient structural components in environments with extreme temperature variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle N Tsui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-3815, United States
| | - Kyu Hun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-3815, United States
| | - Mohammad F Islam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-3815, United States
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14
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Li L, Hu T, Sun H, Zhang J, Wang A. Pressure-Sensitive and Conductive Carbon Aerogels from Poplars Catkins for Selective Oil Absorption and Oil/Water Separation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:18001-18007. [PMID: 28492311 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b04687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional carbon aerogels that are both highly compressible and conductive have broad potential applications in the range of sound insulator, sensor, oil absorption, and electronics. However, the preparation of such carbon aerogels has been proven to be very challenging. Here, we report fabrication of pressure-sensitive and conductive (PSC) carbon aerogels by pyrolysis of cellulose aerogels composed of poplars catkin (PC) microfibers with a tubular structure. The wet PC gels can be dried directly in an oven without any deformation, in marked contrast to the brittle nature of traditional carbon aerogels. The resultant PSC aerogels exhibit ultralow density (4.3 mg cm-3), high compressibility (80%), high electrical conductivity (0.47 S cm-1), and high absorbency (80-161 g g-1) for oils and organic liquids. The PSC aerogels have potential applications in various fields such as elastomeric conductors, absorption of oils from water and oil/water separation, as the PSC aerogels feature simple preparation process with low-cost biomass as the precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, and State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 730000, Lanzhou, P.R. China
- Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Tao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, and State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 730000, Lanzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology , Lanzhou 730050, P.R. China
| | - Hanxue Sun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology , Lanzhou 730050, P.R. China
| | - Junping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, and State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 730000, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Aiqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, and State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 730000, Lanzhou, P.R. China
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15
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Tsui MN, Islam MF. Creep- and fatigue-resistant, rapid piezoresistive responses of elastomeric graphene-coated carbon nanotube aerogels over a wide pressure range. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:1128-1135. [PMID: 28009903 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr07432d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Lightweight, flexible piezoresistive materials with wide operational pressure ranges are in demand for applications such as human physical activity and health monitoring, robotics, and for functional interfacing between living systems and wearable electronics. Piezoresistivity of many elastomeric foams of polymers and carbon allotropes satisfies much of the required characteristics for these applications except creep and fatigue resistance due to their viscoelasticity, critically limiting the reliability and lifetime of integrated devices. We report the piezoresistive responses from aerogels of graphene-coated single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), made using a facile and versatile sol-gel method. Graphene crosslinks the junctions of the underlying random network of SWCNTs, generating lightweight elastomeric aerogels with a mass density of ≈11 mg mL-1 (volume fraction ≈7.7 × 10-3) and a Young's modulus of ≈0.4 MPa. The piezoresistivity of these aerogels spans wide compressive pressures up to at least 120 kPa with sensitivity that exhibit ultrafast temporal responses of <27 ms and <3% delay ratio over 104 compressive loading-unloading cycles at rates between 0.1-10 Hz. Most importantly, the piezoresistive responses do not show any creep at least for 1 hour and 80 kPa of compressive static loading. We suggest that the fatigue- and creep-resistant, ultrafast piezoresistive responses of these elastomeric aerogels are highly attractive for use in dynamic and static lightweight, pressure sensing applications such as human activity monitoring and soft robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle N Tsui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Mohammad F Islam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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16
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Lv P, Tang X, Wei W. Graphene/MnO2 aerogel with both high compression-tolerance ability and high capacitance, for compressible all-solid-state supercapacitors. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08428e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene/MnO2 electrodes for compressible all-solid-state supercapacitors show good compression-tolerance ability and achieve high volumetric capacitance under 90% compressive strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lv
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering
- Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Xun Tang
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering
- Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Wei Wei
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering
- Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications
- Nanjing 210023
- China
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17
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Pisareva TA, Kharanzhevskii EV, Reshetnikov SM. Synthesis of nanocrystalline graphite for supercapacitor electrodes by short-pulse laser processing of a polyimide film. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070427216060082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Wen L, Li F, Cheng HM. Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene for Flexible Electrochemical Energy Storage: from Materials to Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:4306-37. [PMID: 26748581 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201504225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Flexible electrochemical energy storage (FEES) devices have received great attention as a promising power source for the emerging field of flexible and wearable electronic devices. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene have many excellent properties that make them ideally suited for use in FEES devices. A brief definition of FEES devices is provided, followed by a detailed overview of various structural models for achieving different FEES devices. The latest research developments on the use of CNTs and graphene in FEES devices are summarized. Finally, future prospects and important research directions in the areas of CNT- and graphene-based flexible electrode synthesis and device integration are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wen
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Feng Li
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Kan K, Wang L, Yu P, Jiang B, Shi K, Fu H. 2D quasi-ordered nitrogen-enriched porous carbon nanohybrids for high energy density supercapacitors. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:10166-10176. [PMID: 27122446 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr01094f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) quasi-ordered nitrogen-enriched porous carbon (QNPC) nanohybrids, with the characteristics of an ultrathin graphite nanosheet framework and thick quasi-ordered nitrogen-doped carbon cladding with a porous texture, have been synthesized via an in situ polymerization assembly method. In the synthesis, the expandable graphite (EG) is enlarged by an intermittent microwave method, and then aniline monomers are intercalated into the interlayers of the expanded EG with the assistance of a vacuum. Subsequently, the intercalated aniline monomers could assemble on the interlayer surface of the expanded EG, accompanied by the in situ polymerization from aniline monomers to polyaniline. Meanwhile, the expanded EG could be exfoliated to graphite nanosheets. By subsequent pyrolysis and activation processes, the QNPC nanohybrids could be prepared. As supercapacitor electrodes, a typical QNPC12-700 sample derived from the precursor containing an EG content of 12%, with a high level of nitrogen doping of 5.22 at%, offers a high specific capacitance of 305.7 F g(-1) (1 A g(-1)), excellent rate-capability and long-term stability. Notably, an extremely high energy density of 95.7 Wh kg(-1) at a power density of 449.7 W kg(-1) in an ionic liquid electrolyte can be achieved. The unique structural features and moderate heteroatom doping of the QNPC nanohybrids combines electrochemical double layer and faradaic capacitance contributions, which make these nanohybrids ideal candidates as electrode materials for high-performance energy storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Kan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education. Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P.R. China.
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20
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Campbell AS, Jose MV, Marx S, Cornelius S, Koepsel RR, Islam MF, Russell AJ. Improved power density of an enzymatic biofuel cell with fibrous supports of high curvature. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra25895b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed and characterized two separate enzymatic biofuel cell systems attributing improved performance to electrode support morphological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan S. Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Carnegie Mellon University
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | - Moncy V. Jose
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine
- University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | - Sharon Marx
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine
- University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | - Steven Cornelius
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine
- University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | - Richard R. Koepsel
- Disruptive Health Technology Institute
- Carnegie Mellon University
- Pittsburgh
- USA
- The Institute for Complex Engineered Systems
| | - Mohammad F. Islam
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering
- Carnegie Mellon University
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | - Alan J. Russell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Carnegie Mellon University
- Pittsburgh
- USA
- Disruptive Health Technology Institute
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21
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Choi H, Yoon H. Nanostructured Electrode Materials for Electrochemical Capacitor Applications. NANOMATERIALS 2015; 5:906-936. [PMID: 28347044 PMCID: PMC5312909 DOI: 10.3390/nano5020906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The advent of novel organic and inorganic nanomaterials in recent years, particularly nanostructured carbons, conducting polymers, and metal oxides, has enabled the fabrication of various energy devices with enhanced performance. In this paper, we review in detail different nanomaterials used in the fabrication of electrochemical capacitor electrodes and also give a brief overview of electric double-layer capacitors, pseudocapacitors, and hybrid capacitors. From a materials point of view, the latest trends in electrochemical capacitor research are also discussed through extensive analysis of the literature and by highlighting notable research examples (published mostly since 2013). Finally, a perspective on next-generation capacitor technology is also given, including the challenges that lie ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojin Choi
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.
| | - Hyeonseok Yoon
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.
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22
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Shruthi TK, Kumar MS, Arjunan M, Pratap A, Chandrasekaran N. Graphene oxide aided structural tailoring of 3-D N-doped amorphous carbon network for enhanced energy storage. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra18494k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic aerogels are a class of material most suited for their transformation into electrically conducting porous carbon networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. K. Shruthi
- Electroplating Metal Finishing & Technology Division
- CSIR – Central Electrochemical Research Institute
- Karaikudi 630 006
- India
| | - M. Saravana Kumar
- Electroplating Metal Finishing & Technology Division
- CSIR – Central Electrochemical Research Institute
- Karaikudi 630 006
- India
| | - Muneeswaran Arjunan
- Electroplating Metal Finishing & Technology Division
- CSIR – Central Electrochemical Research Institute
- Karaikudi 630 006
- India
| | - Aswin Pratap
- Electroplating Metal Finishing & Technology Division
- CSIR – Central Electrochemical Research Institute
- Karaikudi 630 006
- India
| | - Naveen Chandrasekaran
- Electroplating Metal Finishing & Technology Division
- CSIR – Central Electrochemical Research Institute
- Karaikudi 630 006
- India
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