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Nair RR, Seo EW, Hong S, Jung KO, Kim D. Pentafluorobenzene: Promising Applications in Diagnostics and Therapeutics. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:4081-4099. [PMID: 37721519 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Pentafluorobenzene (PFB) represents a class of aromatic fluorine compounds employed exclusively across a spectrum of chemical and biological applications. PFBs are credited with developing various chemical synthesis techniques, networks and biopolymers, bioactive materials, and targeted drug delivery systems. The first part of this review delves into recent developments in PFB-derived molecules for diagnostic purposes. In the latter segment, PFB's role in the domain of theragnostic applications is discussed. The review elucidates different mechanisms and interaction strategies applied in leveraging PFBs to formulate diagnostic and theragnostic tools, substantiated by proper examples. The utilization of PFBs emerges as an enabler, facilitating manifold reactions, improving materials' properties, and even opening avenues for explorative research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratish R Nair
- Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, Core Research Institute (CRI), Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Woo Seo
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongje Hong
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Oh Jung
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Dokyoung Kim
- Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, Core Research Institute (CRI), Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Center for Converging Humanities, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- UC San Diego Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Center for Brain Technology, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Precision Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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2
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Stein R, Pfister F, Friedrich B, Blersch PR, Unterweger H, Arkhypov A, Mokhir A, Kolot M, Alexiou C, Tietze R. Plasmid-DNA Delivery by Covalently Functionalized PEI-SPIONs as a Potential ‘Magnetofection’ Agent. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217416. [PMID: 36364241 PMCID: PMC9655526 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoformulations for delivering nucleotides into cells as vaccinations as well as treatment of various diseases have recently gained great attention. Applying such formulations for a local treatment strategy, e.g., for cancer therapy, is still a challenge, for which improved delivery concepts are needed. Hence, this work focuses on the synthesis of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for a prospective “magnetofection” application. By functionalizing SPIONs with an active catechol ester (CafPFP), polyethyleneimine (PEI) was covalently bound to their surface while preserving the desired nanosized particle properties with a hydrodynamic size of 86 nm. When complexed with plasmid-DNA (pDNA) up to a weight ratio of 2.5% pDNA/Fe, no significant changes in particle properties were observed, while 95% of the added pDNA was strongly bound to the SPION surface. The transfection in A375-M cells for 48 h with low amounts (10 ng) of pDNA, which carried a green fluorescent protein (GFP) sequence, resulted in a transfection efficiency of 3.5%. This value was found to be almost 3× higher compared to Lipofectamine (1.2%) for such low pDNA amounts. The pDNA-SPION system did not show cytotoxic effects on cells for the tested particle concentrations and incubation times. Through the possibility of additional covalent functionalization of the SPION surface as well as the PEI layer, Caf-PEI-SPIONs might be a promising candidate as a magnetofection agent in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Stein
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kroener-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Felix Pfister
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kroener-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Friedrich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kroener-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pascal-Raphael Blersch
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kroener-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Unterweger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kroener-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anton Arkhypov
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andriy Mokhir
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mikhail Kolot
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry &Biophysics, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Christoph Alexiou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kroener-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Tietze
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kroener-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence:
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3
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Velimirovic M, Pancaro A, Mildner R, Georgiou PG, Tirez K, Nelissen I, Johann C, Gibson MI, Vanhaecke F. Characterization of Gold Nanorods Conjugated with Synthetic Glycopolymers Using an Analytical Approach Based on spICP-SFMS and EAF4-MALS. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2720. [PMID: 34685161 PMCID: PMC8539460 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A new comprehensive analytical approach based on single-particle inductively coupled plasma-sector field mass spectrometry (spICP-SFMS) and electrical asymmetric-flow field-flow-fractionation combined with multi-angle light scattering detection (EAF4-MALS) has been examined for the characterization of galactosamine-terminated poly(N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide)-coated gold nanorods (GNRs) in two different degrees of polymerization (DP) by tuning the feed ratio (short: DP 35; long: DP 60). spICP-SFMS provided information on the particle number concentration, size and size distribution of the GNRs, and was found to be useful as an orthogonal method for fast characterization of GNRs. Glycoconjugated GNRs were separated and characterized via EAF4-MALS in terms of their size and charge and compared to the bare GNRs. In contrast to spICP-SFMS, EAF4-MALS was also able of providing an estimate of the thickness of the glycopolymer coating on the GNRs surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Velimirovic
- Department of Chemistry, Atomic & Mass Spectrometry–A&MS Research Group, Campus Sterre, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S12, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; (A.P.); (K.T.); (I.N.)
| | - Alessia Pancaro
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; (A.P.); (K.T.); (I.N.)
- Advanced Optical Microscopy Centre and Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Robert Mildner
- Wyatt Technology Europe GmbH, Hochstrasse 12a, 56307 Dernbach, Germany; (R.M.); (C.J.)
| | - Panagiotis G. Georgiou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (P.G.G.); (M.I.G.)
| | - Kristof Tirez
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; (A.P.); (K.T.); (I.N.)
| | - Inge Nelissen
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; (A.P.); (K.T.); (I.N.)
| | - Christoph Johann
- Wyatt Technology Europe GmbH, Hochstrasse 12a, 56307 Dernbach, Germany; (R.M.); (C.J.)
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (P.G.G.); (M.I.G.)
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Frank Vanhaecke
- Department of Chemistry, Atomic & Mass Spectrometry–A&MS Research Group, Campus Sterre, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S12, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
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Pancaro A, Szymonik M, Georgiou PG, Baker AN, Walker M, Adriaensens P, Hendrix J, Gibson MI, Nelissen I. The polymeric glyco-linker controls the signal outputs for plasmonic gold nanorod biosensors due to biocorona formation. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:10837-10848. [PMID: 34114594 PMCID: PMC8223873 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01548f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanorods (GNRs) are a promising platform for nanoplasmonic biosensing. The localised surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) peak of GNRs is located in the near-infrared optical window and is sensitive to local binding events, enabling label-free detection of biomarkers in complex biological fluids. A key challenge in the development of such sensors is achieving target affinity and selectivity, while both minimizing non-specific binding and maintaining colloidal stability. Herein, we reveal how GNRs decorated with galactosamine-terminated polymer ligands display significantly different binding responses in buffer compared to serum, due to biocorona formation, and how biocorona displacement due to lectin binding plays a key role in their optical responses. GNRs were coated with either poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide) (PHPMA) or poly(N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide) (PHEA) prepared via reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerisation and end-functionalised with galactosamine (Gal) as the lectin-targeting unit. In buffer Gal-PHEA-coated GNRs aggregated upon soybean agglutinin (SBA) addition, whereas Gal-PHPMA-coated GNRs exhibited a red-shift of the LSPR spectrum without aggregation. In contrast, when incubated in serum Gal-PHPMA-coated nanorods showed no binding response, while Gal-PHEA GNRs exhibited a dose-dependent blue-shift of the LSPR peak, which is the opposite direction (red-shift) to what was observed in buffer. This differential behaviour was attributed to biocorona formation onto both polymer-coated GNRs, shown by differential centrifugal sedimentation and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Upon addition of SBA to the Gal-PHEA coated nanorods, signal was generated due to displacement of weakly-bound biocorona components by lectin binding. However, in the case of Gal-PHPMA which had a thicker corona, attributed to lower polymer grafting densities, addition of SBA did not lead to biocorona displacement and there was no signal output. These results show that plasmonic optical responses in complex biological media can be significantly affected by biocorona formation, and that biocorona formation itself does not prevent sensing so long as its exact nature (e.g. 'hard versus soft') is tuned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Pancaro
- Health Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, Mol, BE-2400, Belgium. and Dynamic Bioimaging Lab, Advanced Optical Microscopy Centre and Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan C, Diepenbeek, BE-3590, Belgium
| | - Michal Szymonik
- Health Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, Mol, BE-2400, Belgium.
| | - Panagiotis G Georgiou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Alexander N Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Marc Walker
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Peter Adriaensens
- Applied and Analytical Chemistry, Institute for Materials Research, Hasselt University, Agoralaan D, Diepenbeek, BE-3590, Belgium
| | - Jelle Hendrix
- Dynamic Bioimaging Lab, Advanced Optical Microscopy Centre and Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan C, Diepenbeek, BE-3590, Belgium
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK. and Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Inge Nelissen
- Health Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, Mol, BE-2400, Belgium.
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Kim HJ, Wang W, Mallapragada SK, Vaknin D. The Effects of Temperature on the Assembly of Gold Nanoparticle by Interpolymer Complexation. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:1461-1467. [PMID: 33528263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Using synchrotron-based small-angle X-ray scattering techniques, we demonstrate that poly(ethylene glycol)-functionalized gold nanoparticles (PEG-AuNPs) are assembled into close-packed structures that include short-range order with face-centered cubic structure, where crystalline qualities are varied by controlling the electrolyte concentration, pH, and temperature of the suspensions. We show that interpolymer complexation with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) is induced by lowering the pH level of the PEG-AuNPs suspensions, and furthermore, increasing the temperature of the suspension strengthens interparticle attraction, leading to improved supercrystal structures. Our results indicate that this strategy creates robust nanoparticle superlattices with high thermal stability. The effects of PAA and PEG chain lengths on the assemblies are also investigated, and their optimal conditions for creating improved superlattices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Jin Kim
- Ames Laboratory and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Ames Laboratory, U.S. DOE, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Surya K Mallapragada
- Ames Laboratory and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - David Vaknin
- Ames Laboratory and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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Abdilla A, Dolinski ND, de Roos P, Ren JM, van der Woude E, Seo SE, Zayas MS, Lawrence J, Read de Alaniz J, Hawker CJ. Polymer Stereocomplexation as a Scalable Platform for Nanoparticle Assembly. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:1667-1672. [PMID: 31909990 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
DNA-mediated assembly of inorganic particles has demonstrated to be a powerful approach for preparing nanomaterials with a range of interesting optical and electrical properties. Building on this inspiration, we describe a generalizable gram-scale method to assemble nanoparticles through the formation of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) triple-helices. In this work, alkene-terminated syndiotactic (st-) and isotactic (it-) PMMA polymers were prepared and subsequently functionalized to afford nanoparticle ligands. Nanoparticles with complementary st- and it-PMMA ligands could then be spontaneously assembled upon mixing at room temperature. This process was robust and fully reversible through multiple heating and cooling cycles. The versatility of PMMA stereocomplexation was highlighted by assembling hybrid structures composed of nanoparticles of different compositions (e.g., Au and quantum dots) and shapes (e.g., spheres and rods). These initial demonstrations of nanoparticle self-assembly from inexpensive PMMA-based materials present an attractive alternative to DNA-based nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jimmy Lawrence
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70803 , United States
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7
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Funabiki K, Saito Y, Kikuchi T, Yagi K, Kubota Y, Inuzuka T, Miwa Y, Yoshida M, Sakurada O, Kutsumizu S. Aromatic Fluorine-Induced One-Pot Synthesis of Ring-Perfluorinated Trimethine Cyanine Dye and Its Remarkable Fluorescence Properties. J Org Chem 2019; 84:4372-4380. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Takashi Kikuchi
- Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12 Matsubara-cho, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8666, Japan
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8
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Agar S, Baysak E, Hizal G, Tunca U, Durmaz H. An emerging post-polymerization modification technique: The promise of thiol-para-fluoro click reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soykan Agar
- Department of Chemistry; Istanbul Technical University; Maslak Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | - Elif Baysak
- Department of Chemistry; Istanbul Technical University; Maslak Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | - Gurkan Hizal
- Department of Chemistry; Istanbul Technical University; Maslak Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | - Umit Tunca
- Department of Chemistry; Istanbul Technical University; Maslak Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | - Hakan Durmaz
- Department of Chemistry; Istanbul Technical University; Maslak Istanbul 34469 Turkey
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9
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Maiti B, Haldar U, Rajasekhar T, De P. Functional-Polymer Library through Post-Polymerization Modification of Copolymers Having Oleate and Pentafluorophenyl Pendants. Chemistry 2017; 23:15156-15165. [PMID: 28850744 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Binoy Maiti
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata; Mohanpur Nadia, West Bengal 741246 India
| | - Ujjal Haldar
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata; Mohanpur Nadia, West Bengal 741246 India
| | - Tota Rajasekhar
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata; Mohanpur Nadia, West Bengal 741246 India
| | - Priyadarsi De
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata; Mohanpur Nadia, West Bengal 741246 India
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10
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Gui Ning L, Wang S, Feng Hu X, Ming Li C, Qun Xu L. Vancomycin-conjugated polythiophene for the detection and imaging of Gram-positive bacteria. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:8814-8820. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb02061a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Vancomycin-conjugated polythiophene was synthesized for the discrimination and elimination of Gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Gui Ning
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials
- Faculty of Materials and Energy
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
- P. R. China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials
- Faculty of Materials and Energy
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
- P. R. China
| | - Xue Feng Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- P. R. China
| | - Chang Ming Li
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials
- Faculty of Materials and Energy
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
- P. R. China
| | - Li Qun Xu
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials
- Faculty of Materials and Energy
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
- P. R. China
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Narupai B, Poelma JE, Pester CW, McGrath AJ, Toumayan EP, Luo Y, Kramer JW, Clark PG, Ray PC, Hawker CJ. Hierarchical comb brush architectures via sequential light-mediated controlled radical polymerizations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjaporn Narupai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
- Materials Research Laboratory; University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
| | - Justin E. Poelma
- Materials Research Laboratory; University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
- Materials Department; University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
| | - Christian W. Pester
- Materials Research Laboratory; University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
| | - Alaina J. McGrath
- Materials Research Laboratory; University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
| | - Edward P. Toumayan
- Materials Research Laboratory; University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
| | - Yingdong Luo
- Materials Research Laboratory; University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
| | | | | | - Paresh C. Ray
- Department of Chemistry; Jackson State University; Jackson Mississippi 39217
| | - Craig J. Hawker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
- Materials Research Laboratory; University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
- Materials Department; University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
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12
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Waggel J, Mathers RT. Post polymer modification of polyethylenimine with citrate esters: selectivity and hydrophobicity. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra14953g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrophobic modification of water soluble PEI with citrate esters is selective and increases log Poct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Waggel
- Department of Chemistry
- The Pennsylvania State University
- New Kensington
- USA
| | - Robert T. Mathers
- Department of Chemistry
- The Pennsylvania State University
- New Kensington
- USA
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