1
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Lee YJ, Kim YH, Lee EK. PEDOT:PSS-Based Prolonged Long-Term Decay Synaptic OECT with Proton-Permeable Material, Nafion. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400165. [PMID: 38924243 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), a conductive polymer, has gained popularity as the channel layer in organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) due to its high conductivity and straightforward processing. However, difficulties arise in controlling its conductivity through gate voltage, presenting a challenge. To address this issue, aromatic amidine base, diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene (DBN), is used to stabilize the doping state of the PEDOT chain through a reliable chemical de-doping process. Furthermore, the addition of the proton-penetrable material Nafion to the PEDOT:PSS channel layer induces phase separation between the substances. By utilizing a solution containing both PEDOT:PSS and Nafion as the channel layer of OECTs, the efficiency of ion movement into the channel from the electrolyte is enhanced, resulting in improved OECT performance. The inclusion of Nafion in the OECTs' channel layer modifies ion movement dynamics, allowing for the adjustment of synaptic properties such as pulse-paired facilitation, memory level, short-term plasticity, and long-term plasticity. This research aims to introduce new possibilities in the field of neuromorphic computing and contribute to biomimetic technology through the enhancement of electronic component performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Ji Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Kim
- Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
- School of Electrical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kwang Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
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2
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Nketia-Yawson V, Buer AB, Ahn H, Nketia-Yawson B, Jo JW. Hole Mobility Enhancement in Benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']Dithiophene-Based Conjugated Polymer Transistors through Directional Alignment, Perovskite Functionalization and Solid-State Electrolyte Gating. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300634. [PMID: 38124531 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Tunability in electronic and optical properties has been intensively explored for developing conjugated polymers and their applications in organic and perovskite-based electronics. Particularly, the charge carrier mobility of conjugated polymer semiconductors has been deemed to be a vital figure-of-merit for achieving high-performance organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). In this study, the systematic hole carrier mobility improvement of benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-based conjugated polymer in perovskite-functionalized organic transistors is demonstrated. In conventional OFETs with a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) gate dielectric, improvements in hole mobility of 0.019 cm2 V-1 s-1 are measured using an off-center spin-coating technique, which exceeds those of on-center counterparts (0.22 ± 0.07 × 10-2 cm2 V-1 s-1). Furthermore, the mobility drastically increases by adopting solid-state electrolyte gating, corresponding to 2.99 ± 1.03 cm2 V-1 s-1 for the control, and the best hole mobility is 8.03 cm2 V-1 s-1 (average ≈ 6.94 ± 0.59 cm2 V-1 s-1) for perovskite-functionalized OFETs with a high current on/off ratio of >106. The achieved device performance would be attributed to the enhanced film crystallinity and charge carrier density in the hybrid perovskite-functionalized organic transistor channel, resulting from the high-capacitance electrolyte dielectric.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Nketia-Yawson
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering and Research Center for Photoenergy Harvesting & Conversion Technology (PHCT), Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-Gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Albert Buertey Buer
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering and Research Center for Photoenergy Harvesting & Conversion Technology (PHCT), Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-Gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungju Ahn
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Kyungbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Benjamin Nketia-Yawson
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering and Research Center for Photoenergy Harvesting & Conversion Technology (PHCT), Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-Gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jea Woong Jo
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering and Research Center for Photoenergy Harvesting & Conversion Technology (PHCT), Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-Gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
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3
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Wang X, Zhao Z, Zhang M, Liang Y, Liu Y. Polyurethanes Modified by Ionic Liquids and Their Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11627. [PMID: 37511385 PMCID: PMC10380480 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyurethane (PU) refers to the polymer containing carbamate groups in its molecular structure, generally obtained by the reaction of isocyanate and alcohol. Because of its flexible formulation, diverse product forms, and excellent performance, it has been widely used in mechanical engineering, electronic equipment, biomedical applications, etc. Through physical or chemical methods, ionic groups are introduced into PU, which gives PU electrical conductivity, flame-retardant, and antistatic properties, thus expanding the application fields of PU, especially in flexible devices such as sensors, actuators, and functional membranes for batteries and gas absorption. In this review, we firstly introduced the characteristics of PU in chemical and microphase structures and their related physical and chemical performance. To improve the performance of PU, ionic liquids (ILs) were applied in the processing or synthesis of PU, resulting in a new type of PU called ionic PU. In the following part of this review, we mainly summarized the fabrication methods of IL-modified PUs via physical blending and the chemical copolymerization method. Then, we summarized the research progress of the applications for IL-modified PUs in different fields, including sensors, actuators, transistors, antistatic films, etc. Finally, we discussed the future development trends and challenges faced by IL-modified PUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Zhenjie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Meiyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yongri Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yingdan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
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4
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Nketia-Yawson V, Nketia-Yawson B, Jo JW. Interfacial Interaction Enables Enhanced Mobility in Hybrid Perovskite-Conjugated Polymer Transistors with High-k Fluorinated Polymer Dielectrics. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200954. [PMID: 36661127 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The charge carrier mobility of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) has been remarkably improved through several engineering approaches and techniques by targeting pivotal parts. Herein, an ultrathin perovskite channel layer that boosts the field-effect mobility of conjugated polymer OFETs by forming perovskite-conjugated polymer hybrid semiconducting channel is introduced. The optimized lead-iodide-based perovskite-conjugated polymer hybrid channel transistors show enhanced hole mobility of over 4 cm2 V-1 s-1 (average = 2.10 cm2 V-1 s-1 ) with high reproducibility using a benchmark poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) polymer and employing high-k fluorinated polymer dielectrics. A significant hole carrier mobility enhancement of ≈200-400% in benzo[1,2-b:4,5:b']dithiophene (BDT)-based conjugated polymers is also demonstrated by exploring certain interactive groups with perovskite. This significant enhancement in the transistor performance is attributed to the increased charge carrier density in the hybrid semiconducting channel and the perovskite-polymer interactions. The findings of this paper demonstrate an exceptional engineering approach for carrier mobility enhancement in hybrid perovskite-conjugated-polymer-based electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Nketia-Yawson
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering and Research Center for Photoenergy Harvesting & Conversion Technology (phct), Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Benjamin Nketia-Yawson
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering and Research Center for Photoenergy Harvesting & Conversion Technology (phct), Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jea Woong Jo
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering and Research Center for Photoenergy Harvesting & Conversion Technology (phct), Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
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5
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Cho KG, Seol KH, Kim MS, Hong K, Lee KH. Tuning Threshold Voltage of Electrolyte-Gated Transistors by Binary Ion Doping. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:50004-50012. [PMID: 36301020 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c15229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Electrolyte-gated transistors (EGTs) operating at low voltages have attracted significant attention in widespread applications, including neuromorphic devices, nonvolatile memories, chemical/biosensors, and printed electronics. To increase the practicality of the EGTs in electronic circuits, systematic control of threshold voltage (Vth), which determines the power consumption and noise margin of the circuits, is essential. In this study, we present a simple strategy for systematically tuning Vth to almost half of the operating potential range of the EGT by controlling the electrochemical doping of electrolyte ions into organic p-type semiconductors. The type of anion in the ionogel determines Vth as well as other transistor characteristics, such as the subthreshold swing and mobility, because the positive hole carriers are the majority carriers. More importantly, Vth can be finely controlled by binary anion doping using ionogels with two anions with varying molar fractions at a fixed cation. In addition, the binary anion doping successfully controls the inversion characteristics of ion-gated inverters. As unlimited combinations of ion pairs are possible for ionogels, this study opens a route for controlling the device characteristics to expand the practicality and applicability of ionogel-based EGTs for next-generation ionic/electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Gook Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Education and Research Center for Smart Energy and Materials, Inha University, Incheon22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Hwan Seol
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Education and Research Center for Smart Energy and Materials, Inha University, Incheon22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Su Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Education and Research Center for Smart Energy and Materials, Inha University, Incheon22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihyon Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University (CNU), Daejeon34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Hyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Education and Research Center for Smart Energy and Materials, Inha University, Incheon22212, Republic of Korea
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6
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Influence of Gate Voltage Operation on Effective Mobility of Electrolyte-Gated Organic Transistors. Macromol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-022-0075-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Han S, Zhang R, Han L, Zhao C, Yan X, Dai M. An Antifatigue and Self-healable Ionic Polyurethane/Ionic Liquid Composite as the Channel Layer for A Low Energy Cost Synaptic Transistor. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Lee S, Cho WS, Park JY, Lee HJ, Lee JL, Lee KH, Hong K. Water Washable and Flexible Light-Emitting Fibers Based on Electrochemiluminescent Gels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:17709-17718. [PMID: 35389205 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a new concept of device architecture to fabricate fibrous light-emitting devices is demonstrated based on an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) material for an electronic textile system. A unique feature of this work is that instead of conventional semiconductor materials, such as organics, perovskites, and quantum dots for fibrous light emitting devices, a solid-state ECL electrolyte gel is employed as a light-emitting layer. The solid-state ECL gel is prepared from a precursor solution composed of matrix polymer, ionic liquid, and ECL luminophore. From this, we successfully realize light-emitting fibers through a simple and cost-effective single-step dip-coating method in ambient air, without complicated multistep vacuum processes. The resulting fiber devices reliably operated under applied AC bias of ±2.5 V and showed luminance of 47 cd m-2. More importantly, the light-emitting fibers exhibited outstanding water resistance without any passivation layers, owing to the water immiscible and hydrophobic nature of the ECL gel. In addition, because of their simple structure, the fiber devices can be easily deformed and woven together with commercial knitwear by hand. Therefore, these results suggest a promising strategy for the development of practical fiber displays and contribute to progress in electronic textile technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonjeong Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University (CNU), Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Seok Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yong Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Ju Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University (CNU), Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Lam Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Hyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Education and Research Center for Smart Energy and Materials, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihyon Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University (CNU), Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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9
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Hong SY, Jee SM, Ko Y, Cho J, Lee KH, Yeom B, Kim H, Son JG. Intrinsically Stretchable and Printable Lithium-Ion Battery for Free-Form Configuration. ACS NANO 2022; 16:2271-2281. [PMID: 35060720 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
For next-generation wearable and implantable devices, energy storage devices should be soft and mechanically deformable and easily printable on any substrate or active devices. Herein, we introduce a fully stretchable lithium-ion battery system for free-form configurations in which all components, including electrodes, current collectors, separators, and encapsulants, are intrinsically stretchable and printable. The stretchable electrode acquires intrinsic stretchability and improved interfacial adhesion with the active materials via a functionalized physically cross-linked organogel as a stretchable binder and separator. Intrinsically stretchable current collectors are fabricated in the form of nanocomposites consisting of a matrix with excellent barrier properties without swelling in organic electrolytes and nanostructure-controlled multimodal conductive fillers. Due to structural and materials freedoms, we successfully fabricate several types of stretchable lithium-ion battery that reliably operates under various stretch deformations with capacity and rate capability comparable with a nonstretchable battery over 2.5 mWh cm-2 at 0.5 C, even under high mass loading conditions over 10 mg cm-2, including stacked configuration, direct integration on both sides of a stretch fabric, and application of various electrode materials and electrolytes. Especially, our stretchable battery printed on a stretch fabric also exhibits high performance and stretch/long-term stabilities in the air even with wearing and pulling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Yeong Hong
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Min Jee
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngpyo Ko
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhan Cho
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Hyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongjun Yeom
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesuk Kim
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Gon Son
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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10
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Raghavan A, Ghosh S. Recent Advancements on Biopolymer‐ Based Flexible Electrolytes for Next‐Gen Supercaps and Batteries: A Brief Sketch. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akshaya Raghavan
- Polymers & Functional Materials division CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Sutapa Ghosh
- Polymers & Functional Materials division CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
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11
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Shi L, Jia K, Gao Y, Yang H, Ma Y, Lu S, Gao G, Bu H, Lu T, Ding S. Highly Stretchable and Transparent Ionic Conductor with Novel Hydrophobicity and Extreme-Temperature Tolerance. RESEARCH 2020; 2020:2505619. [PMID: 33029586 PMCID: PMC7520821 DOI: 10.34133/2020/2505619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Highly stretchable and transparent ionic conducting materials have enabled new concepts of electronic devices denoted as iontronics, with a distinguishable working mechanism and performances from the conventional electronics. However, the existing ionic conducting materials can hardly bear the humidity and temperature change of our daily life, which has greatly hindered the development and real-world application of iontronics. Herein, we design an ion gel possessing unique traits of hydrophobicity, humidity insensitivity, wide working temperature range (exceeding 100°C, and the range covered our daily life temperature), high conductivity (10−3~10−5 S/cm), extensive stretchability, and high transparency, which is among the best-performing ionic conductors ever developed for flexible iontronics. Several ion gel-based iontronics have been demonstrated, including large-deformation sensors, electroluminescent devices, and ionic cables, which can serve for a long time under harsh conditions. The designed material opens new potential for the real-world application progress of iontronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Kun Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structure, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yiyang Gao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yaming Ma
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Shiyao Lu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Guoxin Gao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Huaitian Bu
- SINTEF Industry, Forskningsvei 1, 0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - Tongqing Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structure, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Shujiang Ding
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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12
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Lee SJ, Cho KG, Jung SH, Kim S, Lee JK, Lee KH. High-Mobility Low-Hysteresis Electrolyte-Gated Transistors with a DPP-Benzotriazole Copolymer Semiconductor. Macromol Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-020-8120-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Sim K, Rao Z, Ershad F, Yu C. Rubbery Electronics Fully Made of Stretchable Elastomeric Electronic Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1902417. [PMID: 31206819 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable electronics outperform existing rigid and bulky electronics and benefit a wide range of species, including humans, machines, and robots, whose activities are associated with large mechanical deformation and strain. Due to the nonstretchable nature of most electronic materials, in particular semiconductors, stretchable electronics are mostly realized through the strategies of architectural engineering to accommodate mechanical stretching rather than imposing strain into the materials directly. On the other hand, recent development of stretchable electronics by creating them entirely from stretchable elastomeric electronic materials, i.e., rubbery electronics, suggests a feasible a venue. Rubbery electronics have gained increasing interest due to the unique advantages that they and their associated manufacturing technologies have offered. This work reviews the recent progress in developing rubbery electronics, including the crucial stretchable elastomeric materials of rubbery conductors, rubbery semiconductors, and rubbery dielectrics. Thereafter, various rubbery electronics such as rubbery transistors, integrated electronics, rubbery optoelectronic devices, and rubbery sensors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoseung Sim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Zhoulyu Rao
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Faheem Ershad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Cunjiang Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
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14
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Cho KG, Cho YK, Kim JH, Yoo HY, Hong K, Lee KH. Thermostable Ion Gels for High-Temperature Operation of Electrolyte-Gated Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:15464-15471. [PMID: 32156106 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b23358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High-temperature durability is critical for application of organic materials in electronic devices that operate in harsh environments. In this work, thermostable physically cross-linked polymer electrolytes, or thermostable physical ion gels, were successfully developed using crystallization-induced phase separation of semicrystalline polyamides (PAs) in an ionic liquid (IL). In these ion gels, phase-separated PA crystals act as network junctions and enable the ion gels to maintain their mechanical integrity up to 180 °C. ILs and ion gels are suitable electrolyte candidates for thin-film devices operating at high temperatures because they outperform other electrolytes that use aqueous and organic solvents, owing to their superior thermal stability and nonvolatility. In addition to thermal stability, the PA gels exhibited high ionic conductivity (∼1 mS/cm) and specific capacitance (∼10 μF/cm2) at room temperature; these values increased significantly with increasing temperature, while the gel retained its solid-state mechanical integrity. These thermostable ion gels were successfully used as an electrolyte gate dielectric in organic thin-film transistors that operate at high temperatures (ca. 150 °C) and low voltages (<1 V). The transistors gated with the dielectrics had a high on/off current ratio of (3.04 ± 0.24) × 105 and a hole mobility of 2.83 ± 0.20 cm2/V·s. By contrast, conventional physical ion gels based on semicrystalline polymers of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) and polyvinylidene fluoride lost their mechanical integrity and dewetted from a semiconductor channel at lower temperatures. Therefore, these results demonstrate an effective method of generating thermally stable, mechanically robust, and highly conductive solid polymer electrolytes for electronic and electrochemical devices operating in a wide temperature range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Gook Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kyung Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hui Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Young Yoo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihyon Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University (CNU), Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Hyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
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15
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Kang S, Hong SY, Kim N, Oh J, Park M, Chung KY, Lee SS, Lee J, Son JG. Stretchable Lithium-Ion Battery Based on Re-entrant Micro-honeycomb Electrodes and Cross-Linked Gel Electrolyte. ACS NANO 2020; 14:3660-3668. [PMID: 32119523 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable energy storage devices are of great interest because of their potential applications in body-friendly, skin-like, wearable devices. However, stretchable batteries are very challenging to fabricate. The electrodes must have a degree of stretchability because the active materials occupy most of the volume, and the separator and packaging should also be stretchable. Here, an all-component stretchable lithium-ion battery was realized by leveraging the structural stretchability of re-entrant micro-honeycomb graphene-carbon nanotube (CNT)/active material composite electrodes and a physically cross-linked gel electrolyte, without using an inactive elastomeric substrate or matrix. Active materials interconnected via the entangled CNT and graphene sheets provided a mechanically stable porous network framework, and the inwardly protruding framework in the re-entrant honeycomb structure allowed for structural stretching during deformation. The composite network consisting solely of binder-free, highly conductive materials provided superior electron transfer, and vertically aligned microchannels enabled facile ion transport. Additionally, the physically cross-linked gel electrolyte increased the mechanical stability upon deformation of the electrodes and was effective as a stretchable separator. The resulting stretchable battery showed a high areal capacity of 5.05 mAh·cm-2, superior electrochemical performance up to 50% strain under repeated (up to 500) stretch-release cycles, and long-term stability of 95.7% after 100 cycles in air conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seulki Kang
- Photo-Electronic Hybrids Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Yeong Hong
- Photo-Electronic Hybrids Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayeon Kim
- Photo-Electronic Hybrids Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Oh
- Photo-Electronic Hybrids Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Park
- Photo-Electronic Hybrids Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Yoon Chung
- Center for Energy Storage Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Soo Lee
- Photo-Electronic Hybrids Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghwi Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Gon Son
- Photo-Electronic Hybrids Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
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16
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Lee D, Song YH, Choi UH, Kim J. Highly Flexible and Stable Solid-State Supercapacitors Based on a Homogeneous Thin Ion Gel Polymer Electrolyte Using a Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Stamp. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:42221-42232. [PMID: 31613585 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b14990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To achieve both high structural integrity and excellent ion transport, designing ion gel polymer electrolytes (IGPEs) composed of an ionic conducting phase and a mechanical supporting polymer matrix is one of the promising material strategies for the development of next-generation all-solid-state energy storage systems. Herein, we prepared an IGPE thin film, in which an ion-diffusing phase containing ionic liquids and lithium salts was bicontinuously intertwined with a cross-linked epoxy phase, using a silicon elastomer-based stamping method, thus producing a homogeneous IGPE-based thin film with low surface roughness (Rrms = 0.5 nm). Following the optimization of the IGPE thin film in terms of the concentrations of ionic constituents, the film thickness, and various process parameters, the IGPE itself showed a high ionic conductivity of 0.23 mS/cm with a low activation energy for lithium-ion transport, as well as the high capacitance of approximately 10 μF/cm2 based on the metal-insulator-metal configuration. Furthermore, an all-solid-state supercapacitor containing two IGPE coating-activated carbon electrodes produced using our poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) stamping method exhibited high energy and power densities (44 W h/kg at 875 W/kg and 28 kW/kg at 3 W h/kg). It was also found that this supercapacitor showed a dramatic reduction (more than 50%) of the current-resistance (IR) drop, which is an indicator of low interface resistance, while maintaining the initial electrochemical performance even after severe mechanical deformation such as bending or rolling. Therefore, all these results support the fact that our developed PDMS stamping method enables the rendering of a high-performance ion gel polymer thin-film-based electrolyte with acceptable stability and mechanical flexibility for all-solid-state wearable energy storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawoon Lee
- Department of Photonics and Nanoelectronics , Hanyang University , Ansan 15588 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Hwa Song
- Department of Polymer Engineering , Pukyong National University , Busan 48513 , Republic of Korea
| | - U Hyeok Choi
- Department of Polymer Engineering , Pukyong National University , Busan 48513 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jaekyun Kim
- Department of Photonics and Nanoelectronics , Hanyang University , Ansan 15588 , Republic of Korea
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17
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Lee HJ, Lee S, Ji Y, Cho KG, Choi KS, Jeon C, Lee KH, Hong K. Ultrahigh-Mobility and Solution-Processed Inorganic P-Channel Thin-Film Transistors Based on a Transition-Metal Halide Semiconductor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:40243-40251. [PMID: 31592635 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of p-channel devices with comparable electrical performances to their n-channel counterparts has been delayed due to the lack of p-type semiconductor materials and device optimization. In this present work, we successfully demonstrated p-channel inorganic thin-film transistors (TFTs) with high hole mobilities similar to the values of n-channel devices. To boost the device performance, the solution-processed copper iodide (CuI) semiconductor was gated by a solid polymer electrolyte. The electrolyte gating could realize electrical double layer (EDL) formation and a three-dimensional carrier transport channel and thus substantially increased charge accumulation in the channel region and realized a high mobility above 90 cm2/(V s) (45.12 ± 22.19 cm2/(V s) on average). In addition, due to the high-capacitance EDL formed by electrolyte gating, the CuI TFTs exhibited a low operation voltage below 0.5 V (Vth = -0.045 V) and a high ON current level of 0.7 mA with an ON/OFF ratio of 1.52 × 103. We also evaluated the operational stabilities of CuI TFTs and the devices showed 80% retention under electrical/mechanical stress. All the active layers of the transistors were fabricated by solution processes at low temperatures (<100 °C), indicating their potential use for flexible, wearable, and high-performance electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Ju Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Chungnam National University (CNU) , Daejeon 34134 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seonjeong Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Chungnam National University (CNU) , Daejeon 34134 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yena Ji
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Chungnam National University (CNU) , Daejeon 34134 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Gook Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Inha University , Incheon 402-751 , Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Keun Hyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Inha University , Incheon 402-751 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kihyon Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Chungnam National University (CNU) , Daejeon 34134 , Republic of Korea
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18
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Novel Chemical Cross-Linked Ionogel Based on Acrylate Terminated Hyperbranched Polymer with Superior Ionic Conductivity for High Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11030444. [PMID: 30960428 PMCID: PMC6473542 DOI: 10.3390/polym11030444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A new family of chemical cross-linked ionogel is successfully synthesized by photopolymerization of hyperbranched aliphatic polyester with acrylate terminal groups in an ionic liquid of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIMBF₄). The microstructure, viscoelastic behavior, mechanical property thermal stability, and ionic conductivities of the ionogels are investigated systematically. The ionogels exhibit high mechanical strength (up to 1.6 MPa) and high mechanical stability even at temperatures up to 200 °C. It is found to be thermally stable up to 371.3 °C and electrochemically stable above 4.3 V. The obtained ionogels show superior ionic conductivity over a wide temperature range (from 1.2 × 10-3 S cm-1 at 20 °C up to 5.0 × 10-2 S cm-1 at 120 °C). Moreover, the Li/LiFePO₄ batteries based on ionogel electrolyte with LiBF₄ show a higher specific capacity of 153.1 mAhg-1 and retain 98.1% after 100 cycles, exhibiting very stable charge/discharge behavior with good cycle performance. This work provides a new method for fabrication of novel advanced gel polymer electrolytes for applications in lithium-ion batteries.
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19
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Cho KG, Kim HJ, Yang HM, Seol KH, Lee SJ, Lee KH. Sub-2 V, Transfer-Stamped Organic/Inorganic Complementary Inverters Based on Electrolyte-Gated Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:40672-40680. [PMID: 30277059 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b13140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Organic/inorganic hybrid complementary inverters operating at low voltages (1 V or less) were fabricated by transfer-stamping organic p-type poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and inorganic n-type zinc oxide (ZnO) electrolyte-gated transistors (EGTs). A semicrystalline homopolymer-based gel electrolyte, or an ionogel, was also transfer-stamped on the semiconductors for use as a high-capacitance gate insulator. For the ionogel stamping, the thermoreversible crystallization of phase-separated homopolymer crystals, which act as network cross-links, was employed to improve the contact between the gel and the semiconductor channel. The homopolymer ionogel-gated P3HT transistor exhibited a high hole mobility of 2.81 cm2/(V s), and the ionogel-gated n-type ZnO transistors also showed a high electron mobility of 2.06 cm2/(V s). The transfer-stamped hybrid complementary inverter based on the P3HT and ZnO EGTs showed a low-voltage operation with appropriate inversion characteristics including a high voltage gain of ∼18. These results demonstrate that the transfer-stamping strategy provides a facile and reliable processing route for fabricating electrolyte-gated transistors and logic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Gook Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Inha University , Incheon 22212 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Je Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Inha University , Incheon 22212 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Min Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Inha University , Incheon 22212 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Hwan Seol
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Inha University , Incheon 22212 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ju Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Inha University , Incheon 22212 , Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Hyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Inha University , Incheon 22212 , Republic of Korea
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20
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Nketia-Yawson B, Jung AR, Nguyen HD, Lee KK, Kim B, Noh YY. Difluorobenzothiadiazole and Selenophene-Based Conjugated Polymer Demonstrating an Effective Hole Mobility Exceeding 5 cm 2 V -1 s -1 with Solid-State Electrolyte Dielectric. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:32492-32500. [PMID: 30129359 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b14176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report synthesis of a new poly(4-(4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4 H-silolo[3,2- b:4,5- b']dithiophene-2-yl)-7-(4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-6-(selenophene-2-yl)-4 H-silolo[3,2- b:4,5- b']dithiophene-2-yl)-5,6-difluorobenzo[ c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (PDFDSe) polymer based on planar 4,7-bis(4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4 H-silolo[3,2- b:4,5- b']dithiophen-2-yl)-5,6-difluorobenzo[ c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (DFD) moieties and selenophene linkages. The planar backboned PDFDSe polymer exhibits highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital levels of -5.13 and -3.56 eV, respectively, and generates well-packed highly crystalline states in films with exclusive edge-on orientations. PDFDSe thin film was incorporated as a channel material in top-gate bottom-contact organic thin-film transistor with a solid-state electrolyte gate insulator (SEGI) composed of poly(vinylidene difluoride-trifluoroethylene)/poly(vinylidene fluoride- co-hexafluroropropylene)/1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, which exhibited a remarkably high hole mobility up to μ = 20.3 cm2 V-1 s-1 corresponding to effective hole mobility exceeding 5 cm2 V-1 s-1 and a very low threshold voltage of -1 V. These device characteristics are associated with the high carrier density in the semiconducting channel region, induced by the high capacitance of the SEGI layer. The excellent carrier mobility from the PDFDSe/SEGI device demonstrates a great potential of semiconducting polymer thin-film transistors as electronic components in future electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Nketia-Yawson
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering , Dongguk University , 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil , Jung-gu, Seoul 04620 , Republic of Korea
| | - A-Ra Jung
- Department of Science Education , Ewha Womans University , 52 Ewhayeodae-gil , Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hieu Dinh Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry , Kunsan National University , 558 Daehak-ro , Kunsan-si 54150 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Koo Lee
- Department of Chemistry , Kunsan National University , 558 Daehak-ro , Kunsan-si 54150 , Republic of Korea
| | - BongSoo Kim
- Department of Science Education , Ewha Womans University , 52 Ewhayeodae-gil , Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , 50 UNIST-gil , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Young Noh
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering , Dongguk University , 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil , Jung-gu, Seoul 04620 , Republic of Korea
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21
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Ji N, Qin Y, Li M, Xiong L, Qiu L, Bian X, Sun Q. Fabrication and Characterization of Starch Nanohydrogels via Reverse Emulsification and Internal Gelation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:9326-9334. [PMID: 30111089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biopolymer-based nanohydrogels have great potential for various applications, including in food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical industries. Herein, starch nanohydrogels were prepared for the first time via reverse emulsification coupled with internal gelation. The effects of starch type (normal corn, potato, and pea starches), amylose content, and gelation time on the structural, morphological, and physicochemical properties of starch nanohydrogels were investigated. The diameter of starch nanohydrogel particles was around 100 nm after 12 h of retrogradation time. The relative crystallinity and thermal properties of starch nanohydrogels increased gradually with an increasing amylose content and gelation time. The swelling behavior of starch nanohydrogels was dependent upon the amylose content, and the swelling ratios were between 2.0 and 14.0, with the pea starch nanogels exhibiting the lowest values and the potato starch nanogels exhibiting the highest values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Ji
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Qingdao Agricultural University , 700 Changcheng Road , Chengyang, Qingdao , Shandong 266109 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Qin
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Qingdao Agricultural University , 700 Changcheng Road , Chengyang, Qingdao , Shandong 266109 , People's Republic of China
| | - Man Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Qingdao Agricultural University , 700 Changcheng Road , Chengyang, Qingdao , Shandong 266109 , People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Xiong
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Qingdao Agricultural University , 700 Changcheng Road , Chengyang, Qingdao , Shandong 266109 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lizhong Qiu
- Zhucheng Xingmao Corn Developing Company, Limited , Weifang , Shandong 262200 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiliang Bian
- Zhucheng Xingmao Corn Developing Company, Limited , Weifang , Shandong 262200 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qingjie Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Qingdao Agricultural University , 700 Changcheng Road , Chengyang, Qingdao , Shandong 266109 , People's Republic of China
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22
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Osaka N, Minematsu Y, Tosaka M. Influence of lithium salt-induced phase separation on thermal behaviors of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/ionic liquid gels and pore/void formation by competition with crystallization. RSC Adv 2018; 8:40570-40580. [PMID: 35557906 PMCID: PMC9091358 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08514e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermal behavior of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide/lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide (PVDF/[C2mim][TFSA]/LiTFSA) gels, prepared by cooling from the hot solution, was investigated with various concentrations of LiTFSA (CLiTFSA). The peak melting temperature (Tm) of the gels shifted toward higher temperatures with increased CLiTFSA. However, the thickness of lamellar crystal was found to decrease with the increase in CLiTFSA, which meant that the increase in Tm was not caused by the thickening of lamellar crystal. Furthermore, we found the appearance of domains above Tm in the high CLiTFSA region (≥20 wt%), which was a lithium ion-rich phase caused by the phase separation. Therefore, it is considered on the basis of Nishi–Wang equation that an increase in the interaction parameter with increasing CLiTFSA toward the phase separation increased the Tm. The phase-separated domains competed with the subsequent crystallization, which resulted in the formation of micrometer-sized pores and nanometer-sized voids in the spherulites. Spectral measurements revealed that PVDF was not specifically solvated in the solution state above the crystallization temperature, while [TFSA]− anion formed a complex with lithium ion irrespective of the PVDF content. These results led to the consideration that an increase in the interaction parameter might be caused by the strong interaction between lithium ion and [TFSA]− anion to form the complex, which would also lower the interaction between PVDF and [TFSA]− anion. Lithium salt-induced phase separation on thermal behaviors of PVDF/ionic liquid gels and pore/void structures formation by competition with crystallization.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Noboru Osaka
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Okayama University of Science
- Okayama 700-0005
- Japan
| | - Yuichi Minematsu
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Okayama University of Science
- Okayama 700-0005
- Japan
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23
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Kim HJ, Yang HM, Koo J, Kang MS, Hong K, Lee KH. Area-Controllable Stamping of Semicrystalline Copolymer Ionogels for Solid-State Electrolyte-Gated Transistors and Light-Emitting Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:42978-42985. [PMID: 29144127 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two types of thin-film electrochemical devices (electrolyte-gated transistors and electrochemical light-emitting cells) are demonstrated using area-controllable ionogel patches generated by transfer-stamping. For the successful transfer of ionogel patches on various target substrates, thermoreversible gelation by phase-separated polymer crystals within the ionogel is essential because it allows the gel to form a conformal contact with the acceptor substrate, thereby lowering the overall Gibbs energy of the system upon transfer of the ionogel. This crystallization-mediated stamping provides a much more efficient deposition route for producing thin films of ionically conductive high-capacitance solid ionogel electrolytes. The lateral dimensions of the transferred ionogels range from 1 mm × 1 mm to 40 mm × 40 mm. These ionogel patches are incorporated in organic p-type and inorganic n-type thin-film transistors and electrochemical light-emitting devices. The resulting transistors show sub-1 V device operation with high transconductance currents, and the optoelectronic devices emit orange light through a series of electrochemical redox reactions. These results demonstrate a simple yet versatile route to employ physical ionogels for various solid-state electrochemical device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Je Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University , Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Min Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University , Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemok Koo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University , Seoul 156-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Sung Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University , Seoul 156-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihyon Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University , Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Hyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University , Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
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