1
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Li S, Li H, Lu Y, Zhou M, Jiang S, Du X, Guo C. Advanced Textile-Based Wearable Biosensors for Healthcare Monitoring. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:909. [PMID: 37887102 PMCID: PMC10605256 DOI: 10.3390/bios13100909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
With the innovation of wearable technology and the rapid development of biosensors, wearable biosensors based on flexible textile materials have become a hot topic. Such textile-based wearable biosensors promote the development of health monitoring, motion detection and medical management, and they have become an important support tool for human healthcare monitoring. Textile-based wearable biosensors not only non-invasively monitor various physiological indicators of the human body in real time, but they also provide accurate feedback of individual health information. This review examines the recent research progress of fabric-based wearable biosensors. Moreover, materials, detection principles and fabrication methods for textile-based wearable biosensors are introduced. In addition, the applications of biosensors in monitoring vital signs and detecting body fluids are also presented. Finally, we also discuss several challenges faced by textile-based wearable biosensors and the direction of future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Li
- School of Microelectronics and Control Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (S.L.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (S.J.)
- CCZU-ARK Institute of Carbon Materials, Nanjing 210012, China
| | - Huan Li
- School of Microelectronics and Control Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (S.L.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (S.J.)
| | - Yongcai Lu
- School of Microelectronics and Control Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (S.L.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (S.J.)
| | - Minhao Zhou
- School of Microelectronics and Control Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (S.L.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (S.J.)
| | - Sai Jiang
- School of Microelectronics and Control Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (S.L.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (S.J.)
| | - Xiaosong Du
- School of Microelectronics and Control Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (S.L.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (S.J.)
| | - Chang Guo
- CCZU-ARK Institute of Carbon Materials, Nanjing 210012, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Rail Transit, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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2
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Demir B, Chan KY, Livi S. Rational Design of Solid Polymer Electrolyte Based on Ionic Liquid Monomer for Supercapacitor Applications via Molecular Dynamics Study. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:5106. [PMID: 36501500 PMCID: PMC9737087 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The safety concern arising from flammable liquid electrolytes used in batteries and supercapacitors drives technological advances in solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) in which flammable organic solvents are absent. However, there is always a trade-off between the ionic conductivity and mechanical properties of SPEs due to the lack of interaction between the ionic liquid and polymer resin. The inadequate understanding of SPEs also limits their future exploitation and applications. Herein, we provide a complete approach to develop a new SPE, consisting of a cation (monomer), anion and hardener from ions-monomers using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results show that the strong solid-liquid interactions between the SPE and graphene electrode lead to a very small gap of ∼5.5 Å between the components of SPE and electrode, resulting in a structured solid-to-liquid interface, which can potentially improve energy storage performance. The results also indicated the critical role of the mobility of free-standing anions in the SPE network to achieve high ionic conductivity for applications requiring fast charge/discharge. In addition, the formations of hardener-depleted regions and cation-anion-poor/rich regions near the uncharged/charged electrode surfaces were observed at the molecular level, providing insights for rationally designing the SPEs to overcome the boundaries for further breakthroughs in energy storage technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Demir
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Kit-Ying Chan
- Department of Aeronautical and Aviation Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sébastien Livi
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polyméres, Université de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5223, INSA Lyon, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
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3
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Demchuk Z, Zhu J, Li B, Zhao X, Islam NM, Bocharova V, Yang G, Zhou H, Jiang Y, Choi W, Advincula R, Cao PF. Unravelling the Influence of Surface Modification on the Ultimate Performance of Carbon Fiber/Epoxy Composites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:45775-45787. [PMID: 36170969 PMCID: PMC9562280 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The overall performance of polymer composites depends on not only the intrinsic properties of the polymer matrix and inorganic filler but also the quality of interfacial adhesion. Although many reported approaches have been focused on the chemical treatment for improving interfacial adhesion, the examination of ultimate mechanical performance and long-term properties of polymer composites has been rarely investigated. Herein, we report carbon fiber (CF)/epoxy composites with improved interfacial adhesion by covalent bonding between CFs and the epoxy matrix. This leads to the improved ultimate mechanical properties and enhanced thermal aging performance. Raman mapping demonstrates the formation of an interphase region derived from the covalent bonding between CFs and the epoxy matrix, which enables the uniform fiber distribution and eliminates phase separation during thermal cycling. The covalent attachment of the CF to the epoxy matrix suppresses its migration during temperature fluctuations, preserving the mechanical performance of resulting composites under the thermal aging process. Furthermore, the finite elemental analysis reveals the effectiveness of the chemical treatment of CFs in improving the interfacial strength and toughness of silane-treated CF/epoxy composites. The insight into the mechanical improvement of CF/epoxy composites suggests the high potential of surface modification of inorganic fillers toward polymer composites with tunable properties for different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoriana Demchuk
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Jiadeng Zhu
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Bingrui Li
- The
Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Xiao Zhao
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Nurul Md. Islam
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Vera Bocharova
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Guang Yang
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Hongyu Zhou
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Yijie Jiang
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Wonbong Choi
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Rigoberto Advincula
- Center
for Nanophase Materials and Sciences, Oak
Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Peng-Fei Cao
- State
Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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4
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Shin JH, Han GY, Kim HJ. Latent, Cross-Linkable Triazole Platform on a Carbon Fiber Surface for Enhancing Interfacial Cross-Linking within Carbon Fiber/Epoxy Composites. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:12803-12815. [PMID: 35474824 PMCID: PMC9026132 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A long-running need in carbon fiber composite production is to ameliorate interfacial adhesion between the polymer and carbon fibers. Here, we present a convenient and feasible strategy for controlling the carbon fiber's surface in a continuous process: syntheses of click-modified silanes via copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction and grafting them onto fiber surfaces which prepare a latent curable platform under mild processes without postmodification. As 1,2,3-triazole moieties from the click reaction were added to the epoxy/dicyandiamide system, they triggered additional reactions in the later conversion stage; approximately, a 20% increase in the total reaction enthalpy compared to the system with no additives was obtained. We expected the enhanced cross-linking between the surface and matrix to expand the interfacial area, leading to reinforcements on interfacial adhesion and stress-transfer abilities within composites. The merit of the approach is well-demonstrated by conductive atomic force microscopy, showing that the interphase can be extended up to 6-fold when the triazole platform acts as curatives and serve as bridges after the epoxy cure. Consequently, the composite's interfacial shear strength and interlaminar shear strength were increased up to 78 and 72%, respectively. This work affords a reactive platform where a custom-tailored fiber/matrix interface can be designed by virtue of versatility in clickable reactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ho Shin
- Department
of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic
of Korea
| | - Gi-Yeon Han
- Department
of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic
of Korea
| | - Hyun-Joong Kim
- Department
of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic
of Korea
- Research
Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826 Republic of
Korea
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5
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Chen K, Demir B. A Computational Procedure for Atomistic Modelling of Polyphosphazenes towards Better Capturing Molecular-Level Structuring and Thermo-Mechanical Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1451. [PMID: 35406324 PMCID: PMC9002744 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(phosphazenes)(PZ) are versatile polymers due to their tunable properties that can be tailored for specific applications. Despite extensive experimental research, not all properties are tested, and the list of PZs studied via molecular simulations is limited. Further, a general procedure to generate and test PZ systems is lacking. We present an in situ polymerization procedure developed to make, test, and tune the thermo-mechanical properties of four PZs-poly(dichlorophosphazene)(PZ-DC), poly[bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)]phosphazene (PZ-TFE), poly(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy-5,6-diazidohexanoxy) phosphazene (PZ-Azido), and poly(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy-5,6-dinitratohexanoxy)phosphazene (PZ-Nitrato) via molecular dynamics simulations. The predicted thermo-mechanical properties (i.e., density and glass transition temperature) agreed with experimental values when a direct comparison of PZ systems was possible. This demonstrates the reproducibility and reliability of our procedure which will help understand the behaviour of PZs at the molecular scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Chen
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Baris Demir
- Centre for Defence Chemistry, Cranfield University, Defence Academy of United Kingdom, Shrivenham SN6 8LA, UK
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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6
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Randall JD, Eyckens DJ, Sarlin E, Palola S, Andersson GG, Yin Y, Stojcevski F, Henderson LC. Mixed Surface Chemistry on Carbon Fibers to Promote Adhesion in Epoxy and PMMA Polymers. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c04409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James D. Randall
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | | | - Essi Sarlin
- Engineering Materials Science, Tampere University, P.O. Box 589, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Sarianna Palola
- Engineering Materials Science, Tampere University, P.O. Box 589, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | | | | | - Filip Stojcevski
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Luke C. Henderson
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
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7
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Custodio KKS, Walsh TR. Achieving flame retardancy and mechanical integrity via phosphites in bio‐based resins. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiffany R. Walsh
- Institute for Frontier Materials Deakin University Geelong Victoria 3216 Australia
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8
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Wand CR, Gibbon S, Siperstein FR. Adsorption of Epoxy Oligomers on Iron Oxide Surfaces: The Importance of Surface Treatment and the Role of Entropy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:12409-12418. [PMID: 34644491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Epoxy-based coatings are widely used in a range of industries as protective coatings. The performance of the final solid-polymer system is dependent on the physicochemical properties of the interface and the interaction between the polymer and the solid substrate. In this study, we perform atomistic molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the binding of a common component in epoxy resins, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA), on two iron oxide surfaces, hematite (0001) and magnetite (100), and investigate the effect of surface hydroxylation on the binding energy. We show that adsorption of DGEBA on hematite is more favorable than on magnetite and that the adsorbed molecules are highly localized on the pristine hematite surface but mobile on highly hydroxylated hematite surfaces and magnetite surfaces irregardless of surface hydroxylation fraction. A high degree of hydroxylation significantly reduces the binding energy of DGEBA on hematite but not on magnetite. The free-energy calculations confirm the trends observed upon hydroxylation, but the magnitude of the potential of mean force is lower than the binding energy due to the entropic contributions. Therefore, it can be suggested that DGEBA will adsorb more strongly on a surface containing a higher content of hematite than magnetite and that the presence of hydroxyl groups will weaken this adsorption. The presence of hydroxyl groups increases mobility of the chains, which can affect the coating rigidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie R Wand
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Simon Gibbon
- AkzoNobel Research and Development, Northallerton, North Yorkshire DL7 7BJ, U.K
| | - Flor R Siperstein
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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9
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Yang J, Li W, Zhou Y, Liu H. Rigid Polyurethane Composites Reinforced with Carbon Fibers Decorated with a Skein‐like Silver Coating. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Yilong Zhou
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Huixin Liu
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo 315211 China
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10
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An automated in-situ polymerisation procedure for multi-functional cyanate ester resins via ring formation. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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11
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Pan L, Zhong L, Guo HX, Wang ML, Xue PB. Atomistic simulations of functionalization of aramid fiber‐epoxy nanocomposite. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Pan
- College of Material Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China
| | - Lang Zhong
- College of Material Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China
| | - Hua Xin Guo
- College of Material Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China
| | - Meng Lin Wang
- College of Material Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China
| | - Peng Bo Xue
- College of Material Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China
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12
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Wu T, Fitchett CM, Brooksby PA, Downard AJ. Building Tailored Interfaces through Covalent Coupling Reactions at Layers Grafted from Aryldiazonium Salts. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:11545-11570. [PMID: 33683855 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aryldiazonium ions are widely used reagents for surface modification. Attractive aspects of their use include wide substrate compatibility (ranging from plastics to carbons to metals and metal oxides), formation of stable covalent bonding to the substrate, simplicity of modification methods that are compatible with organic and aqueous solvents, and the commercial availability of many aniline precursors with a straightforward conversion to the active reagent. Importantly, the strong bonding of the modifying layer to the surface makes the method ideally suited to further on-surface (postfunctionalization) chemistry. After an initial grafting from a suitable aryldiazonium ion to give an anchor layer, a target species can be coupled to the layer, hugely expanding the range of species that can be immobilized. This strategy has been widely employed to prepare materials for numerous applications including chemical sensors, biosensors, catalysis, optoelectronics, composite materials, and energy conversion and storage. In this Review our goal is first to summarize how a target species with a particular functional group may be covalently coupled to an appropriate anchor layer. We then review applications of the resulting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wu
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Christopher M Fitchett
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Paula A Brooksby
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Alison J Downard
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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13
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Vuković F, Walsh TR. Moisture Ingress at the Molecular Scale in Hygrothermal Aging of Fiber-Epoxy Interfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:55278-55289. [PMID: 33226762 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Almost all applications of carbon fiber reinforced composites are susceptible to water aging, either via ambient humidity or through direct exposure to liquid water environments. Although the impacts of water aging in composites can be readily quantified via experimental efforts, details regarding the mechanisms of moisture ingress and aging, particularly at the incipient stages of aging under hygrothermal conditions, have proven challenging to resolve using experimental techniques alone. A deeper understanding of the factors that drive incipient moisture ingress during aging is required for more targeted approaches to combat water aging. Here, molecular dynamics simulations of a novel epoxy/carbon fiber interface exposed to liquid water under hygrothermal conditions are used to elucidate molecular details of the moisture ingress mechanisms at the incipient stages of the aging process. Remarkably, the simulations show that the fiber-matrix interface is not vulnerable to a moisture-wicking type of incipient water ingress and does not readily flood in these early stages of water aging. Instead, water is preferentially absorbed via the matrix-water interface, an ingress pathway that is facilitated by the dynamic mobility of polymer chains at this interface. These chains present electronegative sites that can capture water molecules and provide a conduit to transiently exposed pores and channels on the polymer surface, which creates a presoaked staging reservoir for subsequent deeper ingress into the composite. Characterization of the absorbed water is according to hydrogen bonding to the matrix, and the distributions and transport behavior of these waters are consistent with experimental observations. This work introduces new insights regarding the molecular-level details of moisture ingress and spatial distribution of water in these materials during hygrothermal aging, informing future design directions for extending both the service life and shelf life of next-generation composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Vuković
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Tiffany R Walsh
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
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14
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Demir B, Chan KY, Searles DJ. Structural Electrolytes Based on Epoxy Resins and Ionic Liquids: A Molecular-Level Investigation. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Baris Demir
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Kit-ying Chan
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawtorn, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Debra J. Searles
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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15
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Zhu H, Yang H, Ma Y, Lu TJ, Xu F, Genin GM, Lin M. Spatiotemporally Controlled Photoresponsive Hydrogels: Design and Predictive Modeling from Processing through Application. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:2000639. [PMID: 32802013 PMCID: PMC7418561 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202000639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Photoresponsive hydrogels (PRHs) are soft materials whose mechanical and chemical properties can be tuned spatially and temporally with relative ease. Both photo-crosslinkable and photodegradable hydrogels find utility in a range of biomedical applications that require tissue-like properties or programmable responses. Progress in engineering with PRHs is facilitated by the development of theoretical tools that enable optimization of their photochemistry, polymer matrices, nanofillers, and architecture. This review brings together models and design principles that enable key applications of PRHs in tissue engineering, drug delivery, and soft robotics, and highlights ongoing challenges in both modeling and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC)Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
| | - Haiqian Yang
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC)Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
| | - Yufei Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC)Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
| | - Tian Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical StructuresNanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing210016P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials and StructuresXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC)Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
| | - Guy M. Genin
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC)Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials ScienceWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMO63130USA
- NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering MechanobiologyWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMO63130USA
| | - Min Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC)Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
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16
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Molecular Dynamics Simulation on the Interfacial Behavior of Over-molded Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12061270. [PMID: 32498238 PMCID: PMC7361982 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites are receiving important attention in lightweight applications. The fabrication process of hybrid thermoplastic composites is that discontinuous fiber reinforced thermoplastics are injected onto the continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastics by over-molding techniques. The key issue during this process is to get a reliable interfacial bonding strength. To understand the bonding mechanism at the heterogeneous interface of hybrid thermoplastic composites which is difficult to obtain through experimental investigations, a series of molecular dynamic (MD) simulations were conducted in this paper. The influence of processing parameters on the interfacial characteristics, i.e., the distribution of interfacial high-density enrichment areas, radius of gyration, diffusion coefficient and interfacial energy, were investigated during the forming process of a heterogeneous interface. Simulation results reveal that some of molecule chains get across the interface and tangle with the molecules from the other layer, resulting in the penetration phenomenon near the interface zone. In addition, the melting temperature and injection pressure exhibit positive effects on the interfacial properties of hybrid composites. To further investigate the interfacial bonding strength and fracture mechanism of the heterogeneous interface, the uniaxial tensile and sliding simulations were performed. Results show that the non-bonded interaction energy plays a crucial role during the fracture process of heterogeneous interface. Meanwhile, the failure mode of the heterogeneous interface was demonstrated to evolve with the processing parameters.
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17
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Modified carbon fiber electrodes with enhanced impedance performance for marine sensor. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2020.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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19
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Eyckens DJ, Arnold CL, Randall JD, Stojcevski F, Hendlmeier A, Stanfield MK, Pinson J, Gengenbach TR, Alexander R, Soulsby LC, Francis PS, Henderson LC. Fiber with Butterfly Wings: Creating Colored Carbon Fibers with Increased Strength, Adhesion, and Reversible Malleability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:41617-41625. [PMID: 31601101 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b11826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Colored and color-changing materials are central to perception and interaction in nature and have been exploited in an array of modern technologies such as sensors, visual displays, and smart materials. Attempts to introduce color into carbon fiber materials have been limited by deleterious impacts on fiber properties, and the extension of colored fibers toward "smart composites" remains in its infancy. We present carbon fibers incorporating structural color, similar to that observed on the surface of soap bubbles and various insects and birds, by modifying the fiber surface through in situ polymerization grafting. When dry, the treated fibers exhibit a striking blue color, but when exposed to a volatile solvent, a cascade of colors across the visible light region is observed as the film first swells and then shrinks as the solvent evaporates. The treated fibers not only possess a unique color and color-changing ability but also can be reversibly formed into complex shapes and bear significant loads even without being encased in a supporting polymer. The tensile strength of treated fibers shows a statistically significant increase (+12%), and evaluation of the fiber-to-matrix adhesion of these polymers to an epoxy resin shows more than 300% improvement over control fibers. This approach creates a new platform for the multifaceted advance of smart composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Eyckens
- Deakin University , Waurn Ponds Campus , Geelong , Victoria 3216 , Australia
| | - Chantelle L Arnold
- Deakin University , Waurn Ponds Campus , Geelong , Victoria 3216 , Australia
| | - James D Randall
- Deakin University , Waurn Ponds Campus , Geelong , Victoria 3216 , Australia
| | - Filip Stojcevski
- Deakin University , Waurn Ponds Campus , Geelong , Victoria 3216 , Australia
| | - Andreas Hendlmeier
- Deakin University , Waurn Ponds Campus , Geelong , Victoria 3216 , Australia
| | - Melissa K Stanfield
- Deakin University , Waurn Ponds Campus , Geelong , Victoria 3216 , Australia
| | - Jean Pinson
- ITODYS , Université de Paris, CNRS, UMR 7086 , 15 rue J-A de Baïf , F-75013 Paris , France
| | | | - Richard Alexander
- Deakin University , Waurn Ponds Campus , Geelong , Victoria 3216 , Australia
| | - Lachlan C Soulsby
- Deakin University , Waurn Ponds Campus , Geelong , Victoria 3216 , Australia
| | - Paul S Francis
- Deakin University , Waurn Ponds Campus , Geelong , Victoria 3216 , Australia
| | - Luke C Henderson
- Deakin University , Waurn Ponds Campus , Geelong , Victoria 3216 , Australia
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20
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Attard T, He L. Linking Nanoscale Chemical Changes to Bulk Material Properties in IEPM Polymer Composites Subject to Impact Dynamics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:20404-20416. [PMID: 31070883 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b04741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A synthesizable interfacial epoxy-polyurea-hybridized matrix (IEPM), composed of chemical bonded nanostructures across an interface width ranging between 2 and 50 μm, is a candidate for dialing-in molecular vibrational properties and providing high-impact dynamics resistance to conventional fiber(x)-reinforced epoxy (F/E), engendering an x-hybrid polymeric matrix composite system (x-IEPM- tc). Atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy elucidate the interfacial nanoscale morphology and chemical structure via reaction kinetics of curing epoxy (as a function of time, tc) and fast-reacting (prepolymerized) polyurea. Nano-infrared spectroscopy (nano-IR) spectra, per non-negative matrix factorization analysis, reveal that simultaneous presence of characteristic epoxy and polyurea vibrational modes, within a nanoscale region, along with unique IEPM characteristics and properties following thermomechanical analysis and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), indicate chemical bonding, enabling IEPM reaction kinetics, as a function of tc, to control natural bond vibrations and type/distribution of interfacial chemical bonds and physical mixtures, likely due to the bond mechanism between -NCO in polyurea and epoxide and -NH2 in epoxy hardener (corresponding to characteristic absorption peaks in nano-IR results), leading to enhanced IEPM quality (fewer defects/voids). Test results of ballistic-resistant panels, integrated with thin intermediate layers of x-IEPM-b- tc, confirm that lower tc significantly enhances loss modulus (∝ material damping and per DMA) in impact dynamics environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Attard
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham , Alabama 35294 , United States
| | - Li He
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham , Alabama 35294 , United States
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21
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An M, Demir B, Wan X, Meng H, Yang N, Walsh TR. Predictions of Thermo‐Mechanical Properties of Cross‐Linked Polyacrylamide Hydrogels Using Molecular Simulations. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.201800153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng An
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and Technology 6 Xuefuzhong Road Weiyangdaxueyuan, Xi'an 710021 P. R. China
| | - Baris Demir
- Institute for Frontier Materials Deakin University Geelong VIC 3216 Australia
| | - Xiao Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
- Nano Interface Center for Energy School of Energy and Power Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Han Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
- Nano Interface Center for Energy School of Energy and Power Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Nuo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
- Nano Interface Center for Energy School of Energy and Power Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Tiffany R. Walsh
- Institute for Frontier Materials Deakin University Geelong VIC 3216 Australia
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22
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Saiev S, Bonnaud L, Zúñiga C, Dubois P, Beljonne D, Ronda JC, Cadiz V, Lazzaroni R. Positive effect of functional side groups on the structure and properties of benzoxazine networks and nanocomposites. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00667b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Calculated glass transition temperature of the MDP-a resin obtained through tetra-functional and penta-functional polymerization paths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamil Saiev
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials
- Materials Research Institute
- University of Mons – UMONS
- 7000 Mons
- Belgium
| | - Leïla Bonnaud
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP)
- Materia Nova Research Center & University of Mons
- 7000 Mons
- Belgium
| | - Camilo Zúñiga
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP)
- Materia Nova Research Center & University of Mons
- 7000 Mons
- Belgium
| | - Philippe Dubois
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP)
- Materia Nova Research Center & University of Mons
- 7000 Mons
- Belgium
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials
- Materials Research Institute
- University of Mons – UMONS
- 7000 Mons
- Belgium
| | - Juan Carlos Ronda
- Departament de Quimica Analitica i Quimica Organica
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | - Virginia Cadiz
- Departament de Quimica Analitica i Quimica Organica
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | - Roberto Lazzaroni
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials
- Materials Research Institute
- University of Mons – UMONS
- 7000 Mons
- Belgium
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23
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Geng Z, Yang S, Zhang L, Huang Z, Pan Q, Li J, Weng J, Bao J, You Z, He Y, Zhu B. Self-Extinguishing Resin Transfer Molding Composites Using Non-Fire-Retardant Epoxy Resin. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E2554. [PMID: 30558309 PMCID: PMC6315867 DOI: 10.3390/ma11122554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Introducing fire-retardant additives or building blocks into resins is a widely adopted method used for improving the fire retardancy of epoxy composites. However, the increase in viscosity and the presence of insoluble additives accompanied by resin modification remain challenges for resin transfer molding (RTM) processing. We developed a robust approach for fabricating self-extinguishing RTM composites using unmodified and flammable resins. To avoid the effects on resin fluidity and processing, we loaded the flame retardant into tackifiers instead of resins. We found that the halogen-free flame retardant, a microencapsulated red phosphorus (MRP) additive, was enriched on fabric surfaces, which endowed the composites with excellent fire retardancy. The composites showed a 79.2% increase in the limiting oxygen index, a 29.2% reduction in heat release during combustion, and could self-extinguish within two seconds after ignition. Almost no effect on the mechanical properties was observed. This approach is simple, inexpensive, and basically applicable to all resins for fabricating RTM composites. This approach adapts insoluble flame retardants to RTM processing. We envision that this approach could be extended to load other functions (radar absorbing, conductivity, etc.) into RTM composites, broadening the application of RTM processing in the field of advanced functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Geng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Baoshan, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Shuaishuai Yang
- SAMAC Shanghai Aircraft Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Shangfei Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201324, China.
| | - Lianwang Zhang
- Avic Advanced Composites Center, Shijun South Street, Aviation Industrial Park, Shunyi, Beijing 101300, China.
| | - Zhenzhen Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Baoshan, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Qichao Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Baoshan, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Jidi Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Baoshan, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Jianan Weng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Baoshan, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Jianwen Bao
- Avic Advanced Composites Center, Shijun South Street, Aviation Industrial Park, Shunyi, Beijing 101300, China.
| | - Zhengwei You
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Yong He
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Civil Aviation Composites, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Bo Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Baoshan, Shanghai 200444, China.
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Randall JD, Eyckens DJ, Stojcevski F, Francis PS, Doeven EH, Barlow AJ, Barrow AS, Arnold CL, Moses JE, Henderson LC. Modification of Carbon Fibre Surfaces by Sulfur-Fluoride Exchange Click Chemistry. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:3176-3181. [PMID: 30253016 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Technologies that enable surface modification are in high demand and are critical for the implementation of new functional materials and devices. Here, we describe the first modification of a carbon surface (in this case carbon fiber) using the sulfur-fluoride exchange (SuFEx) reaction. The parent sulfur (VI) fluoride moiety can be installed directly to the surface via electrochemical deposition of the fluorosulfate phenyldiazonium tetrafluoroborate salt, or by 'SuFExing' a phenol on the carbon surface followed by treatment of the material with SO2 F2 ; similar to a 'graft to' or 'graft from' functionalization approach. We demonstrate that these SuFEx-able surfaces readily undergo exchange with aryl silyl ethers, and that the subsequent sulfate linkages are themselves stable under electrochemical redox conditions. Finally, we showcase the utility of the SuFEx chemistry by installing a pendant amino group to the fiber surface resulting in interfacial shear strength improvements of up to 130 % in epoxy resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Randall
- Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Geelong, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia, 3216
| | - Daniel J Eyckens
- Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Geelong, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia, 3216
| | - Filip Stojcevski
- Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Geelong, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia, 3216
| | - Paul S Francis
- Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Geelong, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia, 3216
| | - Egan H Doeven
- Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Geelong, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia, 3216
| | - Anders J Barlow
- Centre for Materials and Surface Science and Department of Chemistry and Physics, School of Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3086
| | - Andrew S Barrow
- The Click Chemistry Research Laboratory, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Bundoora, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3083
| | - Chantelle L Arnold
- Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Geelong, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia, 3216
| | - John E Moses
- The Click Chemistry Research Laboratory, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Bundoora, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3083
| | - Luke C Henderson
- Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Geelong, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia, 3216
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25
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Rusen E, Diacon A, Damian C, Gavrila R, Dinescu A, Dumitrescu A, Zecheru T. Electroconductive materials based on carbon nanofibers and polyaniline. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Rusen
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science; 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061, Bucharest Romania
| | - A. Diacon
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science; 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061, Bucharest Romania
| | - C. Damian
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science; 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061, Bucharest Romania
| | - R. Gavrila
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies (IMT-Bucharest); 126 A, Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, P.O. Box 38-160, 023573, Bucharest Romania
| | - A. Dinescu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies (IMT-Bucharest); 126 A, Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, P.O. Box 38-160, 023573, Bucharest Romania
| | - A. Dumitrescu
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science; 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061, Bucharest Romania
| | - T. Zecheru
- Scientific Research Center for CBRN Defense and Ecology; 225 Oltenitei Sos, 041309, Bucharest Romania
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26
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Szabó L, Imanishi S, Kawashima N, Hoshino R, Hirose D, Tsukegi T, Ninomiya K, Takahashi K. Interphase Engineering of a Cellulose-Based Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composite by Applying Click Chemistry. ChemistryOpen 2018; 7:720-729. [PMID: 30258744 PMCID: PMC6151626 DOI: 10.1002/open.201800180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Given our possible future dependence on carbon fiber reinforced composites, the introduction of a renewable matrix might be advantageous for the vision of a sustainable world. Cellulose is a superior green candidate and provides exceptional freedom in composite design as the free OH groups can be conveniently functionalized to give tailor-made materials. To obtain a high-performing carbon fiber reinforced cellulose propionate composite, we accurately tailored the interfacial adhesion by invoking click chemistry. The synthetic strategy involved grafting of a phenylacetylene structure onto the carbon fiber surface, onto which O-acylated 6-azido-6-deoxycellulose and a number of aromatic azides could be covalently attached. Single-fiber fragmentation tests indicated that the lipophilicity and size of the substituent on the deposited structure played a crucial role in determining molecular entanglement and mechanical interlocking effects, as penetration into the cellulose propionate matrix was of utmost importance. Enhanced interfacial shear strength was obtained for the carbon fiber covalently functionalized with the cellulose derivative. Nevertheless, the greatest increase was observed for the derivative substituted with a compact and highly lipophilic CF3 substituent. In a broader sense, our study provides a synthetic platform to bind cellulose derivatives to graphitic surfaces and paves the ways towards the preparation of innovative cellulose-based carbonaceous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Szabó
- Institute of Science and EngineeringKanazawa UniversityKakuma-machiKanazawa920–1192Japan
| | - Sari Imanishi
- Institute of Science and EngineeringKanazawa UniversityKakuma-machiKanazawa920–1192Japan
| | - Naohiro Kawashima
- Institute of Science and EngineeringKanazawa UniversityKakuma-machiKanazawa920–1192Japan
| | - Rina Hoshino
- Institute of Science and EngineeringKanazawa UniversityKakuma-machiKanazawa920–1192Japan
| | - Daisuke Hirose
- Institute of Science and EngineeringKanazawa UniversityKakuma-machiKanazawa920–1192Japan
| | - Takayuki Tsukegi
- Innovative Composite CenterKanazawa Institute of Technology2-2 YatsukahoHakusan924–0838Japan
| | - Kazuaki Ninomiya
- Institute for Frontier Science InitiativeKanazawa UniversityKakuma-machiKanazawa920–1192Japan
| | - Kenji Takahashi
- Institute of Science and EngineeringKanazawa UniversityKakuma-machiKanazawa920–1192Japan
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27
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Saiev S, Bonnaud L, Dumas L, Zhang T, Dubois P, Beljonne D, Lazzaroni R. Do Carbon Nanotubes Improve the Thermomechanical Properties of Benzoxazine Thermosets? ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:26669-26677. [PMID: 30028582 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b08473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fillers are widely used to improve the thermomechanical response of polymer matrices, yet often in an unpredictable manner because the relationships between the mechanical properties of the composite material and the primary (chemical) structure of its molecular components have remained elusive so far. Here, we report on a combined theoretical and experimental study of the structural and thermomechanical properties of carbon nanotube (CNT)-reinforced polybenzoxazine resins, as prepared from two monomers that only differ by the presence of two ethyl side groups. Remarkably, while addition of CNT is found to have no impact on the glass-transition temperature ( Tg) of the ethyl-decorated resin, the corresponding ethyl-free composite features a surge by ∼47 °C (50 °C) in Tg, from molecular dynamics simulations (dynamic mechanical analysis measurements), as compared to the neat resin. Through a detailed theoretical analysis, we propose a microscopic picture for the differences in the thermomechanical properties of the resins, which sheds light on the relative importance of network topology, cross-link and hydrogen-bond density, chain mobility, and free volume.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leïla Bonnaud
- Materia Nova R&D Center , Avenue Copernic 1, Parc Initialis , 7000 Mons , Belgium
| | | | | | - Philippe Dubois
- Materia Nova R&D Center , Avenue Copernic 1, Parc Initialis , 7000 Mons , Belgium
| | | | - Roberto Lazzaroni
- Materia Nova R&D Center , Avenue Copernic 1, Parc Initialis , 7000 Mons , Belgium
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28
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Beggs KM, Randall JD, Servinis L, Krajewski A, Denning R, Henderson LC. Increasing the resistivity and IFSS of unsized carbon fibre by covalent surface modification. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Szabó L, Imanishi S, Kawashima N, Hoshino R, Takada K, Hirose D, Tsukegi T, Ninomiya K, Takahashi K. Carbon fibre reinforced cellulose-based polymers: intensifying interfacial adhesion between the fibre and the matrix. RSC Adv 2018; 8:22729-22736. [PMID: 35539726 PMCID: PMC9081446 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04299c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Interfacial interactions governing the interfacial adhesion between cellulose propionate and carbon fibre surface are placed under scrutiny to pave the way towards the development of green cellulose-based carbon fibre reinforced polymers. A range of molecular entities are deposited on the surface by initially grafting aromatic structures with appropriate functions via diazonium species followed by further derivatization of these entities. Cellulose propionate was also bound covalently to the surface via a tosylated derivative invoking its facile nucleophilic displacement reaction with surface-grafted amino functions. Significant increase in interfacial shear strength was obtained for the cellulose propionate-grafted carbon fibre composite as well as for the 4-(aminomethyl)benzene-functionalized sample, in the latter case possible hydrogen bonding took place with the cellulose propionate matrix. Furthermore, the positive effect of a highly lipophilic and yet compact -CF3 substituent was also noted. In order to let the grafted structure efficiently penetrate into the matrix, steric factors, lipophilicity and potential secondary interactions should be considered. It needs to be pointed out that we provide the first synthetic strategy to covalently bind cellulose derivatives to a largely graphitic surface and as such, it has relevance to carbonaceous materials being applied in cellulose-based innovative materials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Szabó
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan +81-76-234-4828
| | - Sari Imanishi
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan +81-76-234-4828
| | - Naohiro Kawashima
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan +81-76-234-4828
| | - Rina Hoshino
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan +81-76-234-4828
| | - Kenji Takada
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan +81-76-234-4828
| | - Daisuke Hirose
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan +81-76-234-4828
| | - Takayuki Tsukegi
- Innovative Composite Center, Kanazawa Institute of Technology 2-2 Yatsukaho Hakusan 924-0838 Japan
| | - Kazuaki Ninomiya
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Kenji Takahashi
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan +81-76-234-4828
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30
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Laurien M, Demir B, Büttemeyer H, Herrmann AS, Walsh TR, Ciacchi LC. Atomistic Modeling of the Formation of a Thermoset/Thermoplastic Interphase during Co-Curing. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Laurien
- Faculty of Production Engineering, Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology (UFT), and MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, Hybrid Materials Interfaces Group, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Baris Demir
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Holger Büttemeyer
- Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen and Faserinstitut Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Axel S. Herrmann
- Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen and Faserinstitut Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Tiffany R. Walsh
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Lucio Colombi Ciacchi
- Faculty of Production Engineering, Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology (UFT), and MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, Hybrid Materials Interfaces Group, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
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Ma Y, Yang Y, Lu C, Lu K, Wu S, Liu X, Wen X. Comparison of graphene oxide and graphitic carbon nitride filled carbon-phenolic composites: Thermomechanical properties and role of the strong electronegativity of nanofillers. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Institute of Coal Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Taiyuan 030001 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Institute of Coal Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Taiyuan 030001 People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Carbon Fiber Technology, Institute of Coal Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Taiyuan 030001 People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxiang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Institute of Coal Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Taiyuan 030001 People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Carbon Fiber Technology, Institute of Coal Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Taiyuan 030001 People's Republic of China
| | - Kuan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Institute of Coal Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Taiyuan 030001 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Taiyuan 030001 People's Republic of China
| | - Shijie Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Institute of Coal Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Taiyuan 030001 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China
| | - Xingchen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Taiyuan 030001 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Taiyuan 030001 People's Republic of China
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Aryal D, Agrawal A, Perahia D, Grest GS. Structured Ionomer Thin Films at Water Interface: Molecular Dynamics Simulation Insight. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:11070-11076. [PMID: 28832167 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the structure and dynamics of thin films of ionizable polymers at water interfaces is critical to their many applications. As the chemical diversity within one polymer is increased, controlling the structure and dynamics of the polymer, which is a key to their use, becomes a challenge. Here molecular dynamics simulations (MD) are used to obtain molecular insight into the structure and dynamics of thin films of one such macromolecule at the interface with water. The polymer consists of an ABCBA topology with randomly sulfonated polystyrene (C), tethered symmetrically to flexible poly(ethylene-r-propylene) blocks (B), and end-capped by a poly(t-butylstyrene) block (A). The compositions of the interfacial and bulk regions of thin films of the ABCBA polymers are followed as a function of exposure time to water. We find that interfacial rearrangements take place where buried ionic segments migrate toward the water interface. The hydrophobic blocks collapse and rearrange to minimize their exposure to water. The water that initially drives interfacial reengagements breaks the ionic clusters within the film, forming a dynamic hydrophilic internal network within the hydrophobic segments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gary S Grest
- Sandia National Laboratories , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
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