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Liu T, Miao L, Yao F, Zhang W, Zhao W, Yang D, Feng Q, Hu D. Structure, Properties, Preparation, and Application of Layered Titanates. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:1-26. [PMID: 38109856 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
As a typical cation-exchangeable layered compound, layered titanate has a unique open layered structure. Its excellent physical and chemical properties allow its wide use in the energy, environmental protection, electronics, biology, and other fields. This paper reviews the recent progress in the research on the structure, synthesis, properties, and application of layered titanates. Various reactivities, as well as the advantages and disadvantages, of different synthetic methods are discussed. The reaction mechanism and influencing factors of the ion exchange reaction, intercalation reaction, and exfoliation reaction are analyzed. The latest research progress on layered titanates and their modified products in the fields of photocatalysis, adsorption, electrochemistry, and other applications is summarized. Finally, the future development of layered titanate and its exfoliated product two-dimensional nanosheets is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Liu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Advanced Ferroelectric Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials of Baoji, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, 1 Hi-Tech Avenue, Baoji, Shaanxi 721013, China
| | - Lei Miao
- Lab of Environmental Inorganic Materials Chemistry, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Fangyi Yao
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering and Design, Kagawa University, 2217-20 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu 761-0396, Japan
| | - Wenxiong Zhang
- Institute for Solid State Physics (ISSP), The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 227-8581, Japan
| | - Weixing Zhao
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Advanced Ferroelectric Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials of Baoji, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, 1 Hi-Tech Avenue, Baoji, Shaanxi 721013, China
| | - Desuo Yang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Advanced Ferroelectric Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials of Baoji, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, 1 Hi-Tech Avenue, Baoji, Shaanxi 721013, China
| | - Qi Feng
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering and Design, Kagawa University, 2217-20 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu 761-0396, Japan
| | - Dengwei Hu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Advanced Ferroelectric Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials of Baoji, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, 1 Hi-Tech Avenue, Baoji, Shaanxi 721013, China
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2
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Dai S, Xu L, Han K, Chen P, Wang K, Huang Z, Wu W, Chen F. Anomalous Lattice Evolution-Mediated Electrical Properties in Transparent KNN-Based Lead-Free Ferroelectric Films. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:19399-19406. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Song Dai
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Liqiang Xu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Kun Han
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Pingfan Chen
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
- Stony Brook Institute at Anhui University, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, China
| | - Wenbin Wu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Condition, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Condition, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
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Tang W, Zhang X, Yu H, Gao L, Zhang Q, Wei X, Hong M, Gu L, Liao Q, Kang Z, Zhang Z, Zhang Y. A van der Waals Ferroelectric Tunnel Junction for Ultrahigh-Temperature Operation Memory. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2101583. [PMID: 35212464 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202101583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Facing the constant scaling down and thus increasingly severe self-heating effect, developing ultrathin and heat-insensitive ferroelectric devices is essential for future electronics. However, conventional ultrathin ferroelectrics and most 2D ferroelectric materials (2DFMs) are not suitable for high-temperature operation due to their low Curie temperature. Here, by using few-layer α-In2 Se3 , a special 2DFM with high Curie temperature, van der Waals (vdW) ferroelectric tunnel junction (FTJ) memories that deliver outstanding and reliable performance at both room and high temperatures are constructed. The vdW FTJs offer a large on/off ratio of 104 at room temperature and still reveal excellent on/off ratio at an ultrahigh temperature of 470 K, which will fail down other 2DFMs. Moreover, long retention and reliable cyclic endurance at high temperature are achieved, showing robust thermal stability of the vdW FTJ memory. The observations of this work demonstrate an exciting promise of α-In2 Se3 for reliable service in high temperature either from self-heating or harsh environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Tang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Xiankun Zhang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and Technologies, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Huihui Yu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Li Gao
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Xiaofu Wei
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Mengyu Hong
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Lin Gu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Qingliang Liao
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and Technologies, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Kang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and Technologies, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and Technologies, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and Technologies, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
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4
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Cheng YYS, Liu L, Huang Y, Shu L, Liu YX, Wei L, Li JF. All-Inorganic Flexible (K, Na)NbO 3-Based Lead-Free Piezoelectric Thin Films Spin-Coated on Metallic Foils. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:39633-39640. [PMID: 34382760 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Flexible piezoelectric thin films are raising interest in energy harvesting and wearable electronics, although their direct fabrication is challenging in the selection of substrates and thermal processing. In this work, we developed direct fabrication of flexible lead-free (K, Na)NbO3 (KNN)-based piezoelectric films on commercially available metallic foils by sol-gel processing. Stainless steel and platinum foils are selected as flexible substrates because of their good thermal stability, robust flexibility, and cost-efficiency. The sol-gel-processed KNN-based thin films on both of the metallic foils show good flexibility, with the bending radii reaching ±3 mm. The flexible thin films grown on stainless steel and platinum foils present high breakdown electric fields that reach 1760 and 2530 kV/cm, respectively, resulting from the fine-grained dense structure, limited leakage current density, and suppressed mobility of charged carriers. Improved effective piezoelectric coefficient d33, eff* (75.4 pm/V) with a slight decrease after bending was obtained in the flexible thin films on Pt when compared to their rigid counterparts. The flexible lead-free piezoelectric thin films with combined high breakdown electric fields and piezoelectric and energy storage properties may pave the way for integrating KNN-based multifunctional thin films into flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Yu-Shan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lisha Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liang Shu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liyu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jing-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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5
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Won SS, Kawahara M, Kim H, Lee J, Jeong CK, Kingon AI, Kim SH. Nanointerfacial Layer Effect on Dielectric and Piezoelectric Responses in Chemical Solution-Derived Lead-Free Alkaline Niobate-Based Thin Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:22047-22058. [PMID: 33929815 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Since nonpiezoelectric interfacial layers even at the nanoscale significantly affect the performance of lead-free piezoelectric thin films, the quantitative characterization of property changes of thin films due to interfacial layers is of great importance and should be precisely undertaken for piezoelectric microelectromechanical system (MEMS) and nanoelectromechanical system (NEMS) devices. In contrast to widely accepted concepts for interfacial layer thickness estimation based on the existing series capacitor model, we find that the interfacial layer thickness at the top and the bottom interfaces is clearly different in chemical solution deposition (CSD)-derived (K0.5,Na0.5)(Mn0.005,Nb0.995)O3 (KNMN) thin films. Interestingly, the thickness of the bottom interface increases linearly with increasing thin-film thickness, while the thickness of the top interface is constant regardless of the thin-film thickness. In this work, nanointerfacial layer effects of CSD-derived KNMN thin films are theoretically and experimentally addressed in a combinatorial way using a modified series capacitor model. The obtained information is used to envisage the origins and the mechanisms of nonpiezoelectric interfacial layers and associated dielectric and ferroelectric properties of KNMN thin films. Our research connects macroscopic properties with microscopic origins and is greatly facilitated by separating intrinsic and extrinsic contributions to phenomenological behaviors, as well as engineering interface-related properties of the films. We believe these studies to be crucial for the further development and applications of KNN-based lead-free piezoelectric devices, which also open the door to future studies on other lead-free piezoelectric material systems for practical MEMS and NEMS applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Sik Won
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Masami Kawahara
- Kojundo Chemical Laboratory Co. Ltd., Sakado, Saitama 350-0284, Japan
| | - Hyunseung Kim
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Korea
- Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering of Graduate School, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Korea
| | - Joonhee Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and WVU Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Chang Kyu Jeong
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Korea
- Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering of Graduate School, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Korea
| | - Angus I Kingon
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Seung-Hyun Kim
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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6
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Burns SR, Dolgos MR. Sizing up (K 1−xNa x)NbO 3 films: a review of synthesis routes, properties & applications. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01092a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses (K,Na)NbO3 thin films, with a focus on synthesis, chemically modifying properties, plus piezoelectric and biomedical KNN devices.
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7
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Liu C, An F, Gharavi PSM, Lu Q, Zha J, Chen C, Wang L, Zhan X, Xu Z, Zhang Y, Qu K, Yao J, Ou Y, Zhao Z, Zhong X, Zhang D, Valanoor N, Chen L, Zhu T, Chen D, Zhai X, Gao P, Jia T, Xie S, Zhong G, Li J. Large-scale multiferroic complex oxide epitaxy with magnetically switched polarization enabled by solution processing. Natl Sci Rev 2020; 7:84-91. [PMID: 34692020 PMCID: PMC8289034 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwz143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex oxides with tunable structures have many fascinating properties, though high-quality complex oxide epitaxy with precisely controlled composition is still out of reach. Here we have successfully developed solution-based single-crystalline epitaxy for multiferroic (1-x)BiTi(1-y)/2Fe y Mg(1-y)/2O3-(x)CaTiO3 (BTFM-CTO) solid solution in large area, confirming its ferroelectricity at the atomic scale with strong spontaneous polarization. Careful compositional tuning leads to a bulk magnetization of 0.07 ± 0.035 μB/Fe at room temperature, enabling magnetically induced polarization switching exhibiting a large magnetoelectric coefficient of 2.7-3.0 × 10-7 s/m. This work demonstrates the great potential of solution processing in large-scale complex oxide epitaxy and establishes novel room-temperature magnetoelectric coupling in epitaxial BTFM-CTO film, making it possible to explore a much wider space of composition, phase, and structure that can be easily scaled up for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518005, China
| | - Feng An
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518005, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Paria S M Gharavi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Qinwen Lu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Junkun Zha
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Dongguan Neutron Science Center, Dongguan 523803, China
| | - Xiaozhi Zhan
- Dongguan Neutron Science Center, Dongguan 523803, China
| | - Zedong Xu
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Ke Qu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518005, China
- International Center for Quantum Materials and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junxiang Yao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518005, China
| | - Yun Ou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518005, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Maintenance for Mechanical Equipment, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Zhiming Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Xiangli Zhong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Dongwen Zhang
- Department of Physics, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Nagarajan Valanoor
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Lang Chen
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Dongguan Neutron Science Center, Dongguan 523803, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan Neutron Science Center, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Deyang Chen
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaofang Zhai
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Peng Gao
- International Center for Quantum Materials and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tingting Jia
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518005, China
| | - Shuhong Xie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Gaokuo Zhong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518005, China
| | - Jiangyu Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518005, China
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Effect of Solution Conditions on the Properties of Sol-Gel Derived Potassium Sodium Niobate Thin Films on Platinized Sapphire Substrates. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9111600. [PMID: 31718013 PMCID: PMC6915527 DOI: 10.3390/nano9111600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
If piezoelectric micro-devices based on K0.5Na0.5NbO3 (KNN) thin films are to achieve commercialization, it is critical to optimize the films’ performance using low-cost scalable processing conditions. Here, sol–gel derived KNN thin films are deposited using 0.2 and 0.4 M precursor solutions with 5% solely potassium excess and 20% alkali (both potassium and sodium) excess on platinized sapphire substrates with reduced thermal expansion mismatch in relation to KNN. Being then rapid thermal annealed at 750 °C for 5 min, the films revealed an identical thickness of ~340 nm but different properties. An average grain size of ~100 nm and nearly stoichiometric KNN films are obtained when using 5% potassium excess solution, while 20% alkali excess solutions give the grain size of 500–600 nm and (Na + K)/Nb ratio of 1.07–1.08 in the prepared films. Moreover, the 5% potassium excess solution films have a perovskite structure without clear preferential orientation, whereas a (100) texture appears for 20% alkali excess solutions, being particularly strong for the 0.4 M solution concentration. As a result of the grain size and (100) texturing competition, the highest room-temperature dielectric permittivity and lowest dissipation factor measured in the parallel-plate-capacitor geometry were obtained for KNN films using 0.2 M precursor solutions with 20% alkali excess. These films were also shown to possess more quadratic-like and less coercive local piezoelectric loops, compared to those from 5% potassium excess solution. Furthermore, KNN films with large (100)-textured grains prepared from 0.4 M precursor solution with 20% alkali excess were found to possess superior local piezoresponse attributed to multiscale domain microstructures.
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Helth Gaukås N, Dale SM, Ræder TM, Toresen A, Holmestad R, Glaum J, Einarsrud MA, Grande T. Controlling Phase Purity and Texture of K 0.5Na 0.5NbO 3 Thin Films by Aqueous Chemical Solution Deposition. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E2042. [PMID: 31247910 PMCID: PMC6651159 DOI: 10.3390/ma12132042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous chemical solution deposition (CSD) of lead-free ferroelectric K0.5Na0.5NbO3 (KNN) thin films has a great potential for cost-effective and environmentally friendly components in microelectronics. Phase purity of KNN is, however, a persistent challenge due to the volatility of alkali metal oxides, usually countered by using excess alkali metals in the precursor solutions. Here, we report on the development of two different aqueous precursor solutions for CSD of KNN films, and we demonstrate that the decomposition process during thermal processing of the films is of detrimental importance for promoting nucleation of KNN and suppressing the formation of secondary phases. Based on thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy of films as well as powders prepared from the solutions, it was revealed that the decomposition temperature can be controlled by chemistry resulting in phase pure KNN films. A columnar microstructure with out-of-plane texturing was observed in the phase pure KNN films, demonstrating that the microstructure is directly coupled to the thermal processing of the films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Helth Gaukås
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Silje Marie Dale
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Trygve Magnus Ræder
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Andreas Toresen
- Department of Physics, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Randi Holmestad
- Department of Physics, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Julia Glaum
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mari-Ann Einarsrud
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tor Grande
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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10
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Pham KN, Gaukås NH, Morozov M, Tybell T, Vullum PE, Grande T, Einarsrud MA. Epitaxial K 0.5Na 0.5NbO 3 thin films by aqueous chemical solution deposition. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:180989. [PMID: 30800353 PMCID: PMC6366202 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.180989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report on an environmentally friendly and versatile aqueous chemical solution deposition route to epitaxial K0.5Na0.5NbO3 (KNN) thin films. The route is based on the spin coating of an aqueous solution of soluble precursors on SrTiO3 single crystal substrates followed by pyrolysis at 400°C and annealing at 800°C using rapid thermal processing. Strongly textured films with homogeneous thickness were obtained on three different crystallographic orientations of SrTiO3. Epitaxial films were obtained on (111) SrTiO3 substrates, while films consisting of an epitaxial layer close to the substrate followed by an oriented polycrystalline layer were obtained on (100) and (110) SrTiO3 substrates. A K2Nb4O11 secondary phase was observed on the surface of the thin films due to the evaporation of alkali species, while the use of an NaCl/KCl flux reduced the amount of the secondary phase. Ferroelectric behaviour of the films was investigated by PFM, and almost no dependence on the film crystallographic orientation was observed. The permittivity and loss tangent of the films with the NaCl/KCl flux were 870 and 0.04 (100-orientation) and 2250 and 0.025 (110-orientation), respectively, at 1 kHz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ky-Nam Pham
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nikolai Helth Gaukås
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Maxim Morozov
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Laboratory of Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Thomas Tybell
- Department of Electronic Systems, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Per Erik Vullum
- Department of Physics, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- SINTEF Industry, 7465 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tor Grande
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mari-Ann Einarsrud
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Structure and piezo-ferroelectricity relationship study of (K 0.5Na 0.5) 0.985La 0.005NbO 3 epitaxial films deposited on SrTiO 3 by sputtering. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17721. [PMID: 29255250 PMCID: PMC5735188 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17767-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This work demonstrates that the rf-sputtering technique, combined with appropriate heat treatments, is potentially effective to develop new materials and devices based on oxide-interface and strain engineering. We report a study of the structural-physical properties relationship of high crystalline quality, highly oriented and epitaxial thin films of the lead-free (K0.5Na0.5)0.985La0.005NbO3 (KNNLa) compound which were successfully deposited on Nb-doped SrTiO3 substrates, with orientations [100] (NSTO100) and [110] (NSTO110). The crystalline growth and the local ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties were evaluated by piezoresponse force microscopy combined with transmission electron microscopy and texture analysis by X-ray diffraction. Conditioned by the STO surface parameters, in the KNNLa films on NSTO100 coexist a commensurate [001]-tetragonal phase and two incommensurate [010]-monoclinic phases; while on NSTO110 the KNNLa films grew only in an incommensurate [101]-monoclinic phase. Both samples show excellent out-of-plane polarization switching patterns consistent with 180° domains walls; while for KNNLa/NSTO100 ferroelectric domains grow with the polarization pointing down, for KNNLa/NSTO110 they prefer to grow with the polarization pointing up. Comparing with previous reports on epitaxial KNN films, we find our samples to be of very high quality regarding their crystalline growth with highly ordered ferroelectric domains arrangements and, consequently, great potential for domain engineering.
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