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Li Z, Li Z, Zhou S, Zhang J, Zong L. Biomimetic Multiscale Oriented PVA/NRL Hydrogel Enabled Multistimulus Responsive and Smart Shape Memory Actuator. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311240. [PMID: 38299719 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Shape memory hydrogels provide a worldwide scope for functional soft materials. However, most shape memory hydrogels exhibit poor mechanical properties, leading to low actuation strength, which severely limits their applications in smart biomimetic devices. Herein, a strategy for muscle-inspired shape memory-oriented polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-natural rubber latex (NRL) hydrogel (OPNH) with multiscale oriented structure is demonstrated. The shape memory function comes from the stretch-induced crystallization of natural rubber (NR), while PVA forms strong hydrogen bonding interactions with proteins and phospholipids on the surface of NRL particles. Meanwhile, the reconfigurable interactions of PVA and NR produce a multiscale-oriented structure during stretch-drying, improving the mechanical and shape memory properties. The resultant OPNH shows excellent interfacial compatibility, exhibiting outstanding mechanical performance (3.2 MPa), high shape fixity (≈80%) and shape recovery ratio (≈92%), high actuation strength (206 kPa), working capacity (105 kJ m- 3), extremely short response time (≈2 s), low response temperature (28 °C) and smart thermal responsiveness. It can even maintain muscle-like working capacity when lifting a load equivalent to 372 times its weight, providing a new class shape memory material for the application in smart biomimetic muscles and multistimulus responsive devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Li
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Shan Dong Sheng, Qing Dao Shi, 266042, China
| | - Zewei Li
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Shan Dong Sheng, Qing Dao Shi, 266042, China
| | - Shihao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Shan Dong Sheng, Qing Dao Shi, 266042, China
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Shan Dong Sheng, Qing Dao Shi, 266042, China
| | - Lu Zong
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Shan Dong Sheng, Qing Dao Shi, 266042, China
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2
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Yao X, Chen H, Qin H, Cong HP. Nanocomposite Hydrogel Actuators with Ordered Structures: From Nanoscale Control to Macroscale Deformations. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2300414. [PMID: 37365950 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Flexible intelligent actuators with the characteristics of flexibility, safety and scalability, are highly promising in industrial production, biomedical fields, environmental monitoring, and soft robots. Nanocomposite hydrogels are attractive candidates for soft actuators due to their high pliability, intelligent responsiveness, and capability to execute large-scale rapid reversible deformations under external stimuli. Here, the recent advances of nanocomposite hydrogels as soft actuators are reviewed and focus is on the construction of elaborate and programmable structures by the assembly of nano-objects in the hydrogel matrix. With the help of inducing the gradient or oriented distributions of the nanounits during the gelation process by the external forces or molecular interactions, nanocomposite hydrogels with ordered structures are achieved, which can perform bending, spiraling, patterned deformations, and biomimetic complex shape changes. Given great advantages of these intricate yet programmable shape-morphing, nanocomposite hydrogel actuators have presented high potentials in the fields of moving robots, energy collectors, and biomedicines. In the end, the challenges and future perspectives of this emerging field of nanocomposite hydrogel actuators are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Haili Qin
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Huai-Ping Cong
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
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3
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Wang X, Xue P, Ma S, Gong Y, Xu X. Polydopamine-Modified MXene-Integrated Poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) to Construct Ultrafast Photoresponsive Bilayer Hydrogel Actuators with Smart Adhesion. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:49689-49700. [PMID: 37823839 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
In nature, living organisms, such as octopuses, cabrito, and frogs, have already evolved admirable adhesive abilities for better movement and predation in response to the surroundings. Inspired by biological structures, researchers have made enormous efforts in developing actuators that can respond to external stimuli, while such adhesive property is very desired, yet there is still limited research in responsive hydrogel actuators. Here, a bilayer actuator with high stretchability and robust interface bonding is presented, which has a smart adhesion and thermoreception function. The system consists of an adhesive passive layer copolymerized of amphoteric ([2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl] dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl), SBMA) and acrylic acid (AA), and an active layer hydrogel composed of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) containing polydopamine-modified MXene (P-MXene) and calcium chloride (CaCl2). The coordination of carboxylate and Ca2+ at the interface of the two layers enhances the interfacial bonding from 14 to 30 N m-1, which facilitates withstanding large strain and preventing stratification. The resulting hydrogel actuator can bend approximately 360° in a mere 10 s, exhibiting excellent photothermal effect, a large angle bending deformation, and ultrafast photoresponsive ability. As a proof of concept, the photothermal actuators are programmed to present various shapes and grab objects. Importantly, the hydrogel actuator exhibits remarkable adhesion capabilities toward diverse substrates, with a maximum peel force of up to 280 N m-1. Relying on their own adhesion and the photoresponse properties, these flexible adhesion actuators show outstanding gripping capability, enabling them to grip and release objects of different shapes and weights. More interestingly, the hydrogel exhibits a smart adjustable adhesion capability at different temperatures, which enables it as a gripper to recognize temperature signals through real-time different feedback actions based on its own adhesion. This study presents innovative insights into biomimetic hydrogel actuators, providing new opportunities for developing intelligent soft robots with multiple functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Pan Xue
- Xi'an Rare Metal Materials Institute Co. Ltd, 96 Weiyang Road, Xi'an 710016, China
| | - Shaoshuai Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yanan Gong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xinhua Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
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4
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Wang Y, Jiang X, Li X, Ding K, Liu X, Huang B, Ding J, Qu K, Sun W, Xue Z, Xu W. Bionic ordered structured hydrogels: structure types, design strategies, optimization mechanism of mechanical properties and applications. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:4033-4058. [PMID: 37522298 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00326d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Natural organisms, such as lobsters, lotus, and humans, exhibit exceptional mechanical properties due to their ordered structures. However, traditional hydrogels have limitations in their mechanical and physical properties due to their disordered molecular structures when compared with natural organisms. Therefore, inspired by nature and the properties of hydrogels similar to those of biological soft tissues, researchers are increasingly focusing on how to investigate bionic ordered structured hydrogels and render them as bioengineering soft materials with unique mechanical properties. In this paper, we systematically introduce the various structure types, design strategies, and optimization mechanisms used to enhance the strength, toughness, and anti-fatigue properties of bionic ordered structured hydrogels in recent years. We further review the potential applications of bionic ordered structured hydrogels in various fields, including sensors, bioremediation materials, actuators, and impact-resistant materials. Finally, we summarize the challenges and future development prospects of bionic ordered structured hydrogels in preparation and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Xinyu Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Xusheng Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Kexin Ding
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Xianrui Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Bin Huang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Junjie Ding
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Keyu Qu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Wenzhi Sun
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Zhongxin Xue
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Wenlong Xu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
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5
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Lee GS, Kim JG, Kim JT, Lee CW, Cha S, Choi GB, Lim J, Padmajan Sasikala S, Kim SO. 2D Materials Beyond Post-AI Era: Smart Fibers, Soft Robotics, and Single Atom Catalysts. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2307689. [PMID: 37777874 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent consecutive discoveries of various 2D materials have triggered significant scientific and technological interests owing to their exceptional material properties, originally stemming from 2D confined geometry. Ever-expanding library of 2D materials can provide ideal solutions to critical challenges facing in current technological trend of the fourth industrial revolution. Moreover, chemical modification of 2D materials to customize their physical/chemical properties can satisfy the broad spectrum of different specific requirements across diverse application areas. This review focuses on three particular emerging application areas of 2D materials: smart fibers, soft robotics, and single atom catalysts (SACs), which hold immense potentials for academic and technological advancements in the post-artificial intelligence (AI) era. Smart fibers showcase unconventional functionalities including healthcare/environmental monitoring, energy storage/harvesting, and antipathogenic protection in the forms of wearable fibers and textiles. Soft robotics aligns with future trend to overcome longstanding limitations of hard-material based mechanics by introducing soft actuators and sensors. SACs are widely useful in energy storage/conversion and environmental management, principally contributing to low carbon footprint for sustainable post-AI era. Significance and unique values of 2D materials in these emerging applications are highlighted, where the research group has devoted research efforts for more than a decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang San Lee
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Nanocentry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Goo Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Nanocentry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Tae Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Nanocentry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Woo Lee
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Nanocentry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Cha
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Nanocentry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Go Bong Choi
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Nanocentry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonwon Lim
- Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Suchithra Padmajan Sasikala
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Nanocentry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ouk Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Nanocentry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Materials Creation, Seoul, 06179, Republic of Korea
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6
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Acosta S, Ojeda-Galván HJ, Quintana M. 2D materials towards energy conversion processes in nanofluidics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:24264-24277. [PMID: 37671413 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00702b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Hierarchically assembled 2D material membranes are extremely promising platforms for energy conversion processes in nanofluidics. In this perspective, we discuss recent advances in the production of smart 2D material membranes that come close to mimicking biological energy conversion processes and how these efforts translate into the design of water purification systems, artificial photosynthesis, and solar energy conversion devices. As we depict here, 2D material membranes synergistically modulate the intrinsic active sites (nanopores), electron transport, mass transfer, and mechanical and chemical stability aiming at cost-effective and highly efficient smart membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene Acosta
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, 78000, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - H Joazet Ojeda-Galván
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, 78000, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Mildred Quintana
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, 78000, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, 78000, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
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7
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Wang D, Chen Z, Li M, Hou Z, Zhan C, Zheng Q, Wang D, Wang X, Cheng M, Hu W, Dong B, Shi F, Sitti M. Bioinspired rotary flight of light-driven composite films. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5070. [PMID: 37604907 PMCID: PMC10442326 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40827-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Light-driven actuators have great potential in different types of applications. However, it is still challenging to apply them in flying devices owing to their slow response, small deflection and force output and low frequency response. Herein, inspired by the structure of vine maple seeds, we report a helicopter-like rotary flying photoactuator (in response to 0.6 W/cm2 near-infrared (NIR) light) with ultrafast rotation (~7200 revolutions per minute) and rapid response (~650 ms). This photoactuator is operated based on a fundamentally different mechanism that depends on the synergistic interactions between the photothermal graphene and the hygroscopic agar/silk fibroin components, the subsequent aerodynamically favorable airscrew formation, the jet propulsion, and the aerodynamics-based flying. The soft helicopter-like photoactuator exhibits controlled flight and steering behaviors, making it promising for applications in soft robotics and other miniature devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials & Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials & Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhaomin Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials & Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Mingtong Li
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Zhen Hou
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials & Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Changsong Zhan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials & Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Qijun Zheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Dalei Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials & Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials & Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Mengjiao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials & Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wenqi Hu
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bin Dong
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials & Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
| | - Feng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials & Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Metin Sitti
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland.
- School of Medicine and College of Engineering, Koç University, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey.
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8
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Li S, Cai Z, Han J, Ma Y, Tong Z, Wang M, Xiao L, Jia S, Chen X. Fast-response photothermal bilayer actuator based on poly( N-isopropylacrylamide)-graphene oxide-hydroxyethyl methacrylate/polydimethylsiloxane. RSC Adv 2023; 13:18090-18098. [PMID: 37323431 PMCID: PMC10267671 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03213b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Demands for highly deformable and responsive intelligent actuators are increasing rapidly. Herein, a photothermal bilayer actuator consisting of a photothermal-responsive composite hydrogel layer and a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer is presented. The photothermal-responsive composite hydrogel is prepared by compositing hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and the photothermal material graphene oxide (GO) with the thermal-responsive hydrogel poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM). The HEMA improves the transport efficiency of water molecules inside the hydrogel network, eliciting a fast response and large deformation, facilitating greater bending behavior of the bilayer actuator, and improving the mechanical and tensile properties of the hydrogel. Moreover, GO enhances the mechanical properties and the photothermal conversion efficiency of the hydrogel in the thermal environment. This photothermal bilayer actuator can be driven under various conditions, such as hot solution, simulated sunlight, and laser, and can achieve large bending deformation with desirable tensile properties, broadening the application conditions for bilayer actuators, such as artificial muscles, bionic actuators, and soft robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Zhuo Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Jiemin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Yifei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Zhaomin Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Mei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Liantuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Suotang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Xuyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
- Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, Department of Microsystems, University of Southeast Norway Borre N-3184 Norway
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9
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Guo R, Yu D, Wang S, Fu L, Lin Y. Nanosheet-hydrogel composites: from preparation and fundamental properties to their promising applications. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:1465-1481. [PMID: 36752168 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01471h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are an important class of soft materials with elastic and intelligent properties. Nevertheless, these traditional hydrogels usually possess poor mechanical properties and limited functions, which greatly restrict their further applications. With the rapid development of nanotechnology, there have been significant advances in the design and fabrication of functional nanocomposite hydrogels with unique properties and functions. Among various materials, nanosheets with planar topography, large specific surface areas, and versatile physicochemical properties have attracted intense research interest. Herein, this review summarises the synthesis mechanisms, fundamental properties, and promising applications of nanosheet-incorporated hydrogels. In particular, how the nanosheet structure is applied to improve the overall performance of the hydrogel in each application is emphasized. Additionally, the current challenges and prospects are briefly discussed in this area. We expect that the combination of nanosheets and hydrogels can attract more researchers' interest and bring new opportunities in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Guo
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.
| | - Deshuai Yu
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.
| | - Sen Wang
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.
| | - Lianlian Fu
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China.
| | - Youhui Lin
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.
- National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P. R. China
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10
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Li W, Guan Q, Li M, Saiz E, Hou X. Nature's strategy to construct tough responsive hydrogel actuators and their applications. Prog Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2023.101665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
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11
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Wu Q, Ma C, Chen L, Sun Y, Wei X, Ma C, Zhao H, Yang X, Ma X, Zhang C, Duan G. A Tissue Paper/Hydrogel Composite Light-Responsive Biomimetic Actuator Fabricated by In Situ Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14245454. [PMID: 36559822 PMCID: PMC9785941 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulus-responsive hydrogels are an important member of smart materials owing to their reversibility, soft/wet properties, and biocompatibility, which have a wide range of applications in the field of intelligent actuations. However, poor mechanical property and complicated fabrication process limit their further applications. Herein, we report a light-responsive tissue paper/hydrogel composite actuator which was developed by combining inkjet-printed tissue paper with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) hydrogel through simple in situ polymerization. Due to the high strength of natural tissue paper and the strong interaction within the interface of the bilayer structure, the mechanical property of the composite actuator was highly enhanced, reaching 1.2 MPa of tensile strength. Furthermore, the light-responsive actuation of remote manipulation can be achieved because of the stamping graphite with high efficiency of photothermal conversion. Most importantly, we also made a few remotely controlled biomimetic actuating devices based on the near-infrared (NIR) light response of this composite actuator. This work provides a simple strategy for the construction of biomimetic anisotropic actuators and will inspire the exploration of new intelligent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijun Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Chao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Lian Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Ye Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xianshuo Wei
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Chunxin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality Safe Evaluation and Research of Degradable Material for State Market Regulation, Products Quality Supervision and Testing Institute of Hainan Province, Haikou 570203, China
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (C.Z.); (G.D.)
| | - Hongliang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Quality Safe Evaluation and Research of Degradable Material for State Market Regulation, Products Quality Supervision and Testing Institute of Hainan Province, Haikou 570203, China
| | - Xiuling Yang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiaofan Ma
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (C.Z.); (G.D.)
| | - Gaigai Duan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (C.Z.); (G.D.)
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12
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Dong Y, Ramey-Ward AN, Salaita K. Programmable Mechanically Active Hydrogel-Based Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006600. [PMID: 34309076 PMCID: PMC8595730 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Programmable mechanically active materials (MAMs) are defined as materials that can sense and transduce external stimuli into mechanical outputs or conversely that can detect mechanical stimuli and respond through an optical change or other change in the appearance of the material. Programmable MAMs are a subset of responsive materials and offer potential in next generation robotics and smart systems. This review specifically focuses on hydrogel-based MAMs because of their mechanical compliance, programmability, biocompatibility, and cost-efficiency. First, the composition of hydrogel MAMs along with the top-down and bottom-up approaches used for programming these materials are discussed. Next, the fundamental principles for engineering responsivity in MAMS, which includes optical, thermal, magnetic, electrical, chemical, and mechanical stimuli, are considered. Some advantages and disadvantages of different responsivities are compared. Then, to conclude, the emerging applications of hydrogel-based MAMs from recently published literature, as well as the future outlook of MAM studies, are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States, 30322
| | - Allison N. Ramey-Ward
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Khalid Salaita
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States, 30322
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13
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Wang Z, Liu Y, Wang Z, Huang X, Huang W. Hydrogel‐based composites: Unlimited platforms for biosensors and diagnostics. VIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20200165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zeyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Nanjing China
| | - Yanlei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Nanjing China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Nanjing China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Nanjing China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Nanjing China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
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14
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Feng P, Du X, Guo J, Wang K, Song B. Light-Responsive Nanofibrous Motor with Simultaneously Precise Locomotion and Reversible Deformation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:8985-8996. [PMID: 33583177 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Light-powered micromotors have drawn enormous attention because of their potential applications in cargo delivery, environmental monitoring, and noninvasive surgery. However, the existing micromotors still suffer from some challenges, including slow speed, poor controllability, single locomotion mode, and no deformation during movement. Herein, we employ a combined electrospinning with brushing of Chinese ink to simply fabricate a light-responsive gradient-structured poly(vinyl alcohol)/carbon (PVA/carbon) composite motor. Because of the surface deposition and ultrahigh loading amount of carbon nanoparticles (ca. 43%), the motor exhibits rapid (39 mm/s), direction-controlled, and multimodal locomotion (vertical movement, horizontal motion, rotation) under light irradiation. Simultaneously, gradient alignment structure of the PVA nanofibrous matrix endows the motor with controllable and reversible deformation during locomotion. We finally demonstrate the potential applications of the motors in leakage monitoring, object salvage, smart access, and intelligent assembly. The present work will inspire the design of novel photosensitive motors for applications in various fields, such as microrobots, environmental monitoring, and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Feng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Du
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Botao Song
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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15
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Lee HP, Gaharwar AK. Light-Responsive Inorganic Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2000863. [PMID: 32995121 PMCID: PMC7507067 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202000863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Light-responsive inorganic biomaterials are an emerging class of materials used for developing noninvasive, noncontact, precise, and controllable medical devices in a wide range of biomedical applications, including photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, drug delivery, and regenerative medicine. Herein, a range of biomaterials is discussed, including carbon-based nanomaterials, gold nanoparticles, graphite carbon nitride, transition metal dichalcogenides, and up-conversion nanoparticles that are used in the design of light-responsive medical devices. The importance of these light-responsive biomaterials is explored to design light-guided nanovehicle, modulate cellular behavior, as well as regulate extracellular microenvironments. Additionally, future perspectives on the clinical use of light-responsive biomaterials are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Pang Lee
- Biomedical EngineeringCollege of EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX77843USA
| | - Akhilesh K. Gaharwar
- Biomedical EngineeringCollege of EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX77843USA
- Material Science and EngineeringCollege of EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX77843USA
- Center for Remote Health Technologies and SystemsTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX77843USA
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16
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Li M, Wang X, Dong B, Sitti M. In-air fast response and high speed jumping and rolling of a light-driven hydrogel actuator. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3988. [PMID: 32778650 PMCID: PMC7417580 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17775-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive hydrogel actuators have promising applications in various fields. However, the typical hydrogel actuation relies on the swelling and de-swelling process caused by osmotic-pressure changes, which is slow and normally requires the presence of water environment. Herein, we report a light-powered in-air hydrogel actuator with remarkable performances, including ultrafast motion speed (up to 1.6 m/s), rapid response (as fast as 800 ms) and high jumping height (~15 cm). The hydrogel is operated based on a fundamentally different mechanism that harnesses the synergetic interactions between the binary constituent parts, i.e. the elasticity of the poly(sodium acrylate) hydrogel, and the bubble caused by the photothermal effect of the embedded magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. The current hydrogel actuator exhibits controlled motion velocity and direction, making it promising for a wide range of mobile robotics, soft robotics, sensors, controlled drug delivery and other miniature device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingtong Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Bin Dong
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
| | - Metin Sitti
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
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17
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Liu J, Fan X, Tao Y, Deng C, Yu K, Zhang W, Deng L, Xiong W. Two-Step Freezing Polymerization Method for Efficient Synthesis of High-Performance Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:5921-5930. [PMID: 32226872 PMCID: PMC7098024 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of stimuli-responsive hydrogels is closely related to their synthesis efficiency. However, the widely used thermal-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) hydrogels usually require a time-consuming synthesis process to produce (more than 12 h) and exhibit a relatively slow response speed in the field of cryo-polymerization. In this study, a sequence of thawing polymerization after freezing polymerization by a two-step method of free radical polymerization for the efficient synthesis of PNIPAM hydrogels (merely 2 h) with an excellent comprehensive performance is demonstrated. Results show that the overall performance of the as-synthesized PNIPAM hydrogels is at the top level among reported works despite the significantly reduced preparation time. Moreover, after incorporating multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), the PNIPAM hydrogels exhibit a rapid near-infrared (NIR) light-response and programmable shape-morphing capability. It is believed that such a viable and time-saving synthetic method for producing PNIPAM hydrogels of high performance will lay a solid foundation for drug delivery and smart actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xuhao Fan
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yufeng Tao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chunsan Deng
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Kewang Yu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wenguang Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Leimin Deng
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
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18
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Yang N, Zhu M, Xu G, Liu N, Yu C. A near-infrared light-responsive multifunctional nanocomposite hydrogel for efficient and synergistic antibacterial wound therapy and healing promotion. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:3908-3917. [DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00361a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A multifunctional nanocomposite hydrogel for synergistic antibacterial wound therapy and healing promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- China
| | - Ming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- China
| | - Guochao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- China
| | - Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- China
| | - Cong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- China
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19
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Xu W, Gracias DH. Soft Three-Dimensional Robots with Hard Two-Dimensional Materials. ACS NANO 2019; 13:4883-4892. [PMID: 31070882 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b03051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by biological organisms, soft engineered robots seek to augment the capabilities of rigid robots by providing safe, compliant, and flexible interfaces for human-machine interactions. Soft robots provide significant advantages in applications ranging from pick-and-place, prostheses, wearables, and surgical and drug-delivery devices. Conventional soft robots are typically composed of elastomers or gels, where changes in material properties such as stiffness or swelling control actuation. However, soft materials have limited electronic and optical performance, mechanical rigidity, and stability against environmental damage. Atomically thin two-dimensional layered materials (2DLMs) such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides have excellent electrical, optical, mechanical, and barrier properties and have been used to create ultrathin interconnects, transistors, photovoltaics, photocatalysts, and biosensors. Importantly, although 2DLMs have high in-plane stiffness and rigidity, they have high out-of-plane flexibility and are soft from that point of view. In this Perspective, we discuss the use of 2DLMs either in their continuous monolayer state or as composites with elastomers and hydrogels to create soft three-dimensional (3D) robots, with a focus on origami-inspired approaches. We classify the field, outline major methods, and highlight challenges toward seamless integration of hybrid materials to create multifunctional robots with the characteristics of soft devices.
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20
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Kim JE, Yim D, Han SW, Nam J, Kim JH, Kim JW. Effective Suppression of Oxidative Stress on Living Cells in Hydrogel Particles Containing a Physically Immobilized WS 2 Radical Scavenger. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:18817-18824. [PMID: 31042019 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b22223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report a tungsten disulfide (WS2) nanosheet-immobilized hydrogel system that can inhibit oxidative stress on living cells. First, we fabricated a highly stable suspension of WS2 nanosheets as a radical scavenger by enveloping them with the amphiphilic poly(ε-caprolactone)- b-poly(ethylene oxide) copolymer (PCL- b-PEO) during in situ liquid exfoliation in aqueous medium. After the PCL- b-PEO-enveloped WS2 nanosheets were embedded in three types of hydrogel systems, including carrageenan gum/locust bean gum bulk hydrogels, physically cross-linked alginate microparticles, and covalently cross-linked PEG hydrogel microparticles, they retained their characteristic optical properties. Intriguingly, the WS2 nanosheet-immobilized hydrogel particles exhibited sustainable radical scavenging performance without any deterioration in the original activity of the WS2 nanosheets, even after repeated use. This implies that the hydrogen atoms dissociated from the chalcogen of the WS2 nanosheets effectively scavenged free radicals through the hydrogel mesh. Because of this unique behavior, the coexistence of the WS2 nanosheets with living cells in the hydrogel matrix improved cell viability up to 40%, which demonstrates that the WS2 nanosheets can suppress oxidative stress on living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jin Nam
- Amore-Pacific Co. R&D Center , Yongin 17074 , Republic of Korea
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21
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Hasebe A, Suematsu Y, Takeoka S, Mazzocchi T, Vannozzi L, Ricotti L, Fujie T. Biohybrid Actuators Based on Skeletal Muscle-Powered Microgrooved Ultrathin Films Consisting of Poly(styrene-block-butadiene-block-styrene). ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:5734-5743. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arihiro Hasebe
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, TWIns, 2-2, Sinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Suematsu
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, TWIns, 2-2, Sinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Shinji Takeoka
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, TWIns, 2-2, Sinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Tommaso Mazzocchi
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Vannozzi
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
| | - Leonardo Ricotti
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
| | - Toshinori Fujie
- Waseda Institute for Advanced Study, Waseda University, TWIns, 2-2, Sinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, 4-1-8, Honcho,
Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, B-50, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
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22
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Gu S, Yang L, Li S, Yang J, Zhang B, Yang J. Thermo- and glucose-sensitive microgels with improved salt tolerance for controlled insulin release in a physiological environment. POLYM INT 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiling Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing China
| | - Shirui Li
- Department of Endocrinology; China-Japan Friendship Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Junjiao Yang
- College of Science; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology; China-Japan Friendship Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing China
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