1
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Chen J, Huang J, Hu Y. Photo-programmable hydrogel iontronics for electrically and chromatically rewritable circuits. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 263:116596. [PMID: 39116632 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogel-based iontronics is emerging as a promising frontier in healthcare and human-machine interfacing (HMI), offering excellent compatibility with biological systems in terms of electrical, chemical, and mechanical properties. However, conventional hydrogel systems have limitations in dynamically regulating their electrical and optical properties, which restricts their use in adaptive electronics and responsive interfaces. In this study, we present a new hydrogel system with UV photochemistry-induced reversible conductivity, enabling reversible changes in conductivity. Unlike typical photo-responsive hydrogels that revert to their original states upon removal of the light source, the new hydrogel can maintain its activated states without continuous light exposure, facilitating practical applications. By leveraging the photobase triphenylmethane leucohydroxide and photoacid n-nitrobenzaldehyde, we achieve a significant increase in photo-induced conductivity compared to existing photo-ionic hydrogels. Combining the effective photo-induced conductivity and the accompanied photochromatic effect, we demonstrate a full hydrogel-based stylus pad capable of tracking motion and strokes, and a soft calculator keypad with programmable conductivity and imprinted patterns. These advancements underscore the importance of actively controlling localized conductivity and processing light inputs in hydrogels, exhibiting their potential for diverse applications in bioelectronics and HMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiehao Chen
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Jiahe Huang
- The School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Yuhang Hu
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; The School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
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2
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Lee SW, Kim S, Kim KN, Sung MJ, Lee TW. Increasing the stability of electrolyte-gated organic synaptic transistors for neuromorphic implants. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 261:116444. [PMID: 38850740 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Electrolyte-gated organic synaptic transistors (EGOSTs) can have versatile synaptic plasticity in a single device, so they are promising as components of neuromorphic implants that are intended for use in neuroprosthetic electronic nerves that are energy-efficient and have simple system structure. With the advancement in transistor properties of EGOSTs, the commercialization of neuromorphic implants for practical long-term use requires consistent operation, so they must be stable in vivo. This requirement demands strategies that maintain electronic and ionic transport in the devices while implanted in the human body, and that are mechanically, environmentally, and operationally stable. Here, we cover the structure, working mechanisms, and electrical responses of EGOSTs. We then focus on strategies to ensure their stability to maintain these characteristics and prevent adverse effects on biological tissues. We also highlight state-of-the-art neuromorphic implants that incorporate these strategies. We conclude by presenting a perspective on improvements that are needed in EGOSTs to develop practical, neuromorphic implants that are long-term useable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Somin Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Nyeong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jun Sung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Institute of Engineering Research, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Soft Foundry, Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Kim Y, Kimpel J, Giovannitti A, Müller C. Small signal analysis for the characterization of organic electrochemical transistors. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7606. [PMID: 39218920 PMCID: PMC11366767 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51883-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
A method for the characterization of organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) based on small signal analysis is presented that allows to determine the electronic mobility as a function of continuous gate potential using a standard two-channel AC potentiostat. Vector analysis in the frequency domain allows to exclude parasitic components in both ionic and electronic conduction regardless of film thickness, thus resulting in a standard deviation as low as 4%. Besides the electronic mobility, small signal analysis of OECTs also provides information about a wide range of other parameters including the conductance, transconductance, conductivity and volumetric capacitance through a single measurement. General applicability of small signal analysis is demonstrated by characterizing devices based on n-type, p-type, and ambipolar materials operating in accumulation or depletion modes. Accurate benchmarking of organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors through small signal analysis can be anticipated to guide both materials development and the design of bioelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngseok Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Joost Kimpel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Alexander Giovannitti
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Christian Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden.
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4
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Tang CG, Wu R, Chen Y, Zhou Z, He Q, Li T, Wu X, Hou K, Kousseff CJ, McCulloch I, Leong WL. A Universal Biocompatible and Multifunctional Solid Electrolyte in p-Type and n-Type Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Complementary Circuits and Bioelectronic Interfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2405556. [PMID: 39021303 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202405556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The development of soft and flexible devices for collection of bioelectrical signals is gaining momentum for wearable and implantable applications. Among these devices, organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) stand out due to their low operating voltage and large signal amplification capable of transducing weak biological signals. While liquid electrolytes have demonstrated efficacy in OECTs, they limit its operating temperature and pose challenges for electronic packaging due to potential leakage. Conversely, solid electrolytes offer advantages such as mechanical flexibility, robustness against environmental factors, and ability to bridge the interface between rigid dry electronics systems and soft wet biological tissues. However, few systems have demonstrated generality and compatibility with a wide range of state-of-the-art organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors (OMIECs). This paper introduces a highly stretchable, flexible, biocompatible, self-healable gelatin-based solid-state electrolyte, compatible with both p- and n-type OMIEC channels while maintaining high performance and excellent stability. Furthermore, this nonvolatile electrolyte is stable up to 120 °C and exhibits high ionic conductivity even in dry environment. Additionally, an OECT-based complementary inverter with a record-high normalized-gain of 228 V-1 and a corresponding ultralow static power consumption of 1 nW is demonstrated. These advancements pave the way for versatile applications ranging from bioelectronics to power-efficient implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy G Tang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ruhua Wu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yingjun Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhongliang Zhou
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Qiang He
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ting Li
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xihu Wu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Kunqi Hou
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | | | - Iain McCulloch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
- Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Wei Lin Leong
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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5
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Yan J, Armstrong JPK, Scarpa F, Perriman AW. Hydrogel-Based Artificial Synapses for Sustainable Neuromorphic Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2403937. [PMID: 39087845 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogels find widespread applications in biomedicine because of their outstanding biocompatibility, biodegradability, and tunable material properties. Hydrogels can be chemically functionalized or reinforced to respond to physical or chemical stimulation, which opens up new possibilities in the emerging field of intelligent bioelectronics. Here, the state-of-the-art in functional hydrogel-based transistors and memristors is reviewed as potential artificial synapses. Within these systems, hydrogels can serve as semisolid dielectric electrolytes in transistors and as switching layers in memristors. These synaptic devices with volatile and non-volatile resistive switching show good adaptability to external stimuli for short-term and long-term synaptic memory effects, some of which are integrated into synaptic arrays as artificial neurons; although, there are discrepancies in switching performance and efficacy. By comparing different hydrogels and their respective properties, an outlook is provided on a new range of biocompatible, environment-friendly, and sustainable neuromorphic hardware. How potential energy-efficient information storage and processing can be achieved using artificial neural networks with brain-inspired architecture for neuromorphic computing is described. The development of hydrogel-based artificial synapses can significantly impact the fields of neuromorphic bionics, biometrics, and biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiongyi Yan
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - James P K Armstrong
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Fabrizio Scarpa
- Bristol Composites Institute, School of Civil, Aerospace and Design Engineering (CADE), University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK
| | - Adam W Perriman
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
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6
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Hu J, Jing MJ, Huang YT, Kou BH, Li Z, Xu YT, Yu SY, Zeng X, Jiang J, Lin P, Zhao WW. A Photoelectrochemical Retinomorphic Synapse. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2405887. [PMID: 39054924 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202405887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Reproducing human visual functions with artificial devices is a long-standing goal of the neuromorphic domain. However, emulating the chemical language communication of the visual system in fluids remains a grand challenge. Here, a "multi-color" hydrogel-based photoelectrochemical retinomorphic synapse is reported with unique chemical-ionic-electrical signaling in an aqueous electrolyte that enables, e.g., color perception and biomolecule-mediated synaptic plasticity. Based on the specific enzyme-catalyzed chromogenic reactions, three multifunctional colored hydrogels are developed, which can not only synergize with the Bi2S3 photogate to recognize the primary colors but also synergize with a given polymeric channel to promote the long-term memory of the system. A synaptic array is further constructed for sensing color images and biomolecule-coded information communication. Taking advantage of the versatile biochemistry, the biochemical-driven reversible photoelectric response of the cone cell is further mimicked. This work introduces rich chemical designs into retinomorphic devices, providing a perspective for replicating the human visual system in fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Carbon/Carbon Composites Research Center, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Jian Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Ting Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Bo-Han Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Tong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Si-Yuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xierong Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Peng Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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7
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Ma Z, Sun H, Xiao K, Dong J, Wang S, Wang L, Li P, Xu K. Ultra-high sensitivity pH sensor based on vertical organic electrochemical transistors with extended gate. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:391. [PMID: 38874626 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06472-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
An ultra-high sensitivity pH sensor based on vertical organic electrochemical transistors (vOECT) with extended gate was proposed. The vOECT, which exhibited high transconductance (gm), was for the first time used in the preparation of a pH sensor. The extended gate was modified by electrochemical deposition of polyaniline (PANI) using the cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique. Open circuit potential (OCP) measurements were used to optimize the scan rate, showing a super-Nernstian sensitivity at all scan rates. The pH sensor based on vOECT with extended gate was investigated at different pH levels, and it exhibited an ultra-high sensitivity of 3363.6 µA/pH in the pH range 5-9, which was about 36 times greater than the maximum current sensitivity (91 µA/pH) of other transistor-based pH sensors, to the best of our knowledge. This pH sensor performed excellently in terms of reversibility, long-term stability, and selectivity. To confirm the reliability of the pH sensor, we conducted measurements on real samples using this pH sensor and compared the results with those obtained from a standard pH meter. The ultra-high sensitivity pH sensor based on vOECT with extended gate offers a sensitive and promising alternative in environmental monitoring, food safety, chemistry, clinical diagnostics, and bio-sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Grain Information Processing and Control, Henan University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Grain Photoelectric Detection and Control, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- College of Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Hao Sun
- College of Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Kai Xiao
- College of Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jianhua Dong
- College of Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shuaiyang Wang
- College of Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Peng Li
- Center for Complexity Science, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Kun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Grain Information Processing and Control, Henan University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Grain Photoelectric Detection and Control, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- College of Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.
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8
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Chen J, Huang J, Hu Y. An optoionic hydrogel with UV-regulated ion conductivity for reprogrammable iontronics: Logic processing and image sensing. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn0439. [PMID: 38865467 PMCID: PMC11168472 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn0439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The development of smart hydrogels capable of actively controlling ion conductivity is of paramount importance for iontronics. Most current work in this field focuses on enhancing the hydrogels' ion conductivity. Few successes have been seen in achieving spatial regulation of ion flow through external control. Among various controls, light gives the best spatial and temporal resolution for practical iontronic applications. However, developing hydrogels that can generate drastic ion concentration change upon photoirradiation for tunable conductivity is challenging. Very few molecules can enable photoion generation, and most of them are hydrophobic and low quantum yield. Here, we present an optoionic hydrogel that uses triphenylmethane leuconitrile (TPMLN) for ultraviolet-regulated ion conductivity. Through postpolymerization TPMLN synthesizing, we can incorporate high concentration of the hydrophobic TPMLN in hydrogels without compromising the hydrogel's mechanical integrity. Upon light irradiation, the hydrogel's local conductivity can change an unprecedented 10-fold. We also demonstrated soft optoionic devices that are capable of logic processing and photo imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiehao Chen
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Jiahe Huang
- The School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Yuhang Hu
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- The School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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9
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Bag SP, Lee S, Song J, Kim J. Hydrogel-Gated FETs in Neuromorphic Computing to Mimic Biological Signal: A Review. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:150. [PMID: 38534257 DOI: 10.3390/bios14030150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogel-gated synaptic transistors offer unique advantages, including biocompatibility, tunable electrical properties, being biodegradable, and having an ability to mimic biological synaptic plasticity. For processing massive data with ultralow power consumption due to high parallelism and human brain-like processing abilities, synaptic transistors have been widely considered for replacing von Neumann architecture-based traditional computers due to the parting of memory and control units. The crucial components mimic the complex biological signal, synaptic, and sensing systems. Hydrogel, as a gate dielectric, is the key factor for ionotropic devices owing to the excellent stability, ultra-high linearity, and extremely low operating voltage of the biodegradable and biocompatible polymers. Moreover, hydrogel exhibits ionotronic functions through a hybrid circuit of mobile ions and mobile electrons that can easily interface between machines and humans. To determine the high-efficiency neuromorphic chips, the development of synaptic devices based on organic field effect transistors (OFETs) with ultra-low power dissipation and very large-scale integration, including bio-friendly devices, is needed. This review highlights the latest advancements in neuromorphic computing by exploring synaptic transistor developments. Here, we focus on hydrogel-based ionic-gated three-terminal (3T) synaptic devices, their essential components, and their working principle, and summarize the essential neurodegenerative applications published recently. In addition, because hydrogel-gated FETs are the crucial members of neuromorphic devices in terms of cutting-edge synaptic progress and performances, the review will also summarize the biodegradable and biocompatible polymers with which such devices can be implemented. It is expected that neuromorphic devices might provide potential solutions for the future generation of interactive sensation, memory, and computation to facilitate the development of multimodal, large-scale, ultralow-power intelligent systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankar Prasad Bag
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Suyoung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyoon Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsink Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
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10
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Agron DS, Kim WS. 3D Printing Technology: Role in Safeguarding Food Security. Anal Chem 2024; 96:4333-4342. [PMID: 38459927 PMCID: PMC10955516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
The rising threats to food security include several factors, such as population growth, low agricultural investment, and poor distribution systems. Consequently, food insecurity results from a confluence of issues, including diseases, processing limitations, and distribution deficiencies. Food insecurity usually occurs in vulnerable areas where certain technologies and traditional food safety testing are not a viable solution for foodborne disease detection. In this regard, 3D printing technologies and 3D printed sensors open the platform to produce portable, accurate, and low-cost sensors that address the gaps and challenges in food security. In this paper, we discuss the perspective role of 3D printed sensors in food security in terms of food safety and food quality monitoring to provide reliable access to nutritious, affordable food. In each section, we highlight the advantages of 3D printing technology in terms of cost-effectiveness, accuracy, accessibility, and reproducibility compared to traditional manufacturing methodologies. Recent developments in robotic technologies for mechanization, such as food handling with soft grippers, are also discussed. Lastly, we delve into the applications of advanced 3D printing technologies in agricultural monitoring, particularly the future of plant wearables, environmental sensing, and overall plant health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle
Jaye S. Agron
- Additive
Manufacturing Laboratory, School of Mechatronic Systems Engineering, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C. V3T 0N1, Canada
| | - Woo Soo Kim
- Additive
Manufacturing Laboratory, School of Mechatronic Systems Engineering, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C. V3T 0N1, Canada
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11
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Landi G, Pagano S, Granata V, Avallone G, La Notte L, Palma AL, Sdringola P, Puglisi G, Barone C. Regeneration and Long-Term Stability of a Low-Power Eco-Friendly Temperature Sensor Based on a Hydrogel Nanocomposite. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:283. [PMID: 38334553 PMCID: PMC10856540 DOI: 10.3390/nano14030283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
A water-processable and low-cost nanocomposite material, based on gelatin and graphene, has been used to fabricate an environmentally friendly temperature sensor. Demonstrating a temperature-dependent open-circuit voltage between 260 and 310 K, the sensor effectively detects subzero ice formation. Notably, it maintains a constant temperature sensitivity of approximately -19 mV/K over two years, showcasing long-term stability. Experimental evidence demonstrates the efficient regeneration of aged sensors by injecting a few drops of water at a temperature higher than the gelation point of the hydrogel nanocomposite. The real-time monitoring of the electrical characteristics during the hydration reveals the initiation of the regeneration process at the gelation point (~306 K), resulting in a more conductive nanocomposite. These findings, together with a fast response and low power consumption in the range of microwatts, underscore the potential of the eco-friendly sensor for diverse practical applications in temperature monitoring and environmental sensing. Furthermore, the successful regeneration process significantly enhances its sustainability and reusability, making a valuable contribution to environmentally conscious technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Landi
- ENEA, Portici Research Center, Piazzale Enrico Fermi, Località Granatello, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Sergio Pagano
- Dipartimento di Fisica “E.R. Caianiello”, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (V.G.); (G.A.)
- INFN Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
- CNR-SPIN, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Veronica Granata
- Dipartimento di Fisica “E.R. Caianiello”, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (V.G.); (G.A.)
- INFN Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Guerino Avallone
- Dipartimento di Fisica “E.R. Caianiello”, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (V.G.); (G.A.)
- INFN Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Luca La Notte
- ENEA, Casaccia Research Center, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy; (L.L.N.); (A.L.P.); (P.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Alessandro Lorenzo Palma
- ENEA, Casaccia Research Center, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy; (L.L.N.); (A.L.P.); (P.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Paolo Sdringola
- ENEA, Casaccia Research Center, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy; (L.L.N.); (A.L.P.); (P.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Giovanni Puglisi
- ENEA, Casaccia Research Center, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy; (L.L.N.); (A.L.P.); (P.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Carlo Barone
- Dipartimento di Fisica “E.R. Caianiello”, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (V.G.); (G.A.)
- INFN Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
- CNR-SPIN, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
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12
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Ok J, Park S, Jung YH, Kim TI. Wearable and Implantable Cortisol-Sensing Electronics for Stress Monitoring. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2211595. [PMID: 36917076 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cortisol is a steroid hormone that is released from the body in response to stress. Although a moderate level of cortisol secretion can help the body maintain homeostasis, excessive secretion can cause various diseases, such as depression and anxiety. Conventional methods for cortisol measurement undergo procedures that limit continuous monitoring, typically collecting samples of bodily fluids, followed by separate analysis in a laboratory setting that takes several hours. Thus, recent studies demonstrate wearable, miniaturized sensors integrated with electronic modules that enable wireless real-time analysis. Here, the primary focus is on wearable and implantable electronic devices that continuously measure cortisol concentration. Diverse types of cortisol-sensing techniques, such as antibody-, DNA-aptamer-, and molecularly imprinted polymer-based sensors, as well as wearable and implantable devices that aim to continuously monitor cortisol in a minimally invasive fashion are discussed. In addition to the cortisol monitors that directly measure stress levels, other schemes that indirectly measure stress, such as electrophysiological signals and sweat are also summarized. Finally, the challenges and future directions in stress monitoring and management electronics are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehyung Ok
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumin Park
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yei Hwan Jung
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Il Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
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13
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Lopez-Larrea N, Gallastegui A, Lezama L, Criado-Gonzalez M, Casado N, Mecerreyes D. Fast Visible-Light 3D Printing of Conductive PEDOT:PSS Hydrogels. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300229. [PMID: 37357826 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Functional inks for light-based 3D printing are actively being searched for being able to exploit all the potentialities of additive manufacturing. Herein, a fast visible-light photopolymerization process is showed of conductive PEDOT:PSS hydrogels. For this purpose, a new Type II photoinitiator system (PIS) based on riboflavin (Rf), triethanolamine (TEA), and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is investigated for the visible light photopolymerization of acrylic monomers. PEDOT:PSS has a dual role by accelerating the photoinitiation process and providing conductivity to the obtained hydrogels. Using this PIS, full monomer conversion is achieved in less than 2 min using visible light. First, the PIS mechanism is studied, proposing that electron transfer between the triplet excited state of the dye (3 Rf*) and the amine (TEA) is catalyzed by PEDOT:PSS. Second, a series of poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate)/PEDOT:PSS hydrogels with different compositions are obtained by photopolymerization. The presence of PEDOT:PSS negatively influences the swelling properties of hydrogels, but significantly increases its mechanical modulus and electrical properties. The new PIS is also tested for 3D printing in a commercially available Digital Light Processing (DLP) 3D printer (405 nm wavelength), obtaining high resolution and 500 µm hole size conductive scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naroa Lopez-Larrea
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Tolosa 72, Donostia-San Sebastian, Guipuzcoa, 20018, Spain
| | - Antonela Gallastegui
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Tolosa 72, Donostia-San Sebastian, Guipuzcoa, 20018, Spain
| | - Luis Lezama
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, Bizkaia, 48940, Spain
| | - Miryam Criado-Gonzalez
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Tolosa 72, Donostia-San Sebastian, Guipuzcoa, 20018, Spain
| | - Nerea Casado
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Tolosa 72, Donostia-San Sebastian, Guipuzcoa, 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
| | - David Mecerreyes
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Tolosa 72, Donostia-San Sebastian, Guipuzcoa, 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
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14
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Waresindo WX, Priyanto A, Sihombing YA, Hapidin DA, Edikresnha D, Aimon AH, Suciati T, Khairurrijal K. Konjac glucomannan-based hydrogels with health-promoting effects for potential edible electronics applications: A mini-review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 248:125888. [PMID: 37473898 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Konjac glucomannan (KGM), a dietary fiber hydrocolloid polysaccharide isolated from Amorphophallus konjac tubers, has potential applications in various fields. However, the use of KGM-based hydrogels has mainly focused on the food, biomedical, and water treatment industries. KGM possesses several health benefits and could be a promising candidate for use in edible electronics. This paper presents the first review of KGM-based hydrogels as edible electronics and their potential health benefits. The paper initially focuses on the health-promoting effects of KGM-based hydrogels, such as prebiotic effects, antiobesity, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties. Then, it discusses the feasible design strategies for KGM-based hydrogels as edible electronics, considering their flexibility, mechanical properties, response to stimuli, degradability aspects, their role as electronic device components, and the retention period of the devices. Finally, this review outlines future directions for developing KGM-based hydrogels for use in edible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Xaveriano Waresindo
- Doctoral Program of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia; Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Aan Priyanto
- Doctoral Program of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia; Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Yuan Alfinsyah Sihombing
- Doctoral Program of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia; Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia; Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia
| | - Dian Ahmad Hapidin
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Dhewa Edikresnha
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia; University Center of Excellence - Nutraceutical, Bioscience, and Biotechnology Research Center, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Akfiny Hasdi Aimon
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia; Collaboration Research Center for Advanced Energy Materials, National Research and Innovation Agency - Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Tri Suciati
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Khairurrijal Khairurrijal
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia; University Center of Excellence - Nutraceutical, Bioscience, and Biotechnology Research Center, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia; Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Jl. Terusan Ryacudu, Lampung 35365, Indonesia.
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15
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Pourmadadi M, Aslani A, Abdouss M. Synthesis and characterization of biological macromolecules double emulsion based on carboxymethylcellulose/gelatin hydrogel incorporated with ZIF-8 as metal organic frameworks for sustained anti-cancer drug release. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125168. [PMID: 37270138 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The field of nanotechnology has introduced novel prospects for drug delivery systems, which have the potential to supplant conventional chemotherapy with reduced adverse effects. Despite being a promising porous material, ZIF-8, a metal-organic framework, tends to agglomerate in water, which limits its applicability. In order to resolve this problem, we added ZIF-8 to hydrogels consisting of gelatin and carboxymethylcellulose. This improved their mechanical strength and stability while avoiding aggregation. We utilized double emulsions with the hydrogels' biological macromolecules to construct drug carriers with enhanced control over drug release. The nanocarriers were subjected to various analytical techniques for characterization, such as Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), zeta potential, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The findings of our study revealed that the mean size of the produced nanocarriers were 250 nm, and their zeta potential was -40.1 mV, which suggests favorable stability. The synthesized nanocarriers were found to exhibit cytotoxicity towards cancer cells, as evidenced by the results of MTT assays and flow cytometry tests. The cell viability percentage was determined to be 55 % for the prepared nanomedicine versus 70 % for the free drug. In summary, our study illustrates that the integration of ZIF-8 into hydrogels produces drug delivery systems with improved characteristics. Furthermore, the prepared nanocarriers exhibit potential for future investigation and advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrab Pourmadadi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Aslani
- Chemistry Department, Amirkabir University of Technology
| | - Majid Abdouss
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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16
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Kim CH, Azimi M, Fan J, Nagarajan H, Wang M, Cicoira F. All-printed and stretchable organic electrochemical transistors using a hydrogel electrolyte. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:3263-3272. [PMID: 36722914 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06731e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable electronic devices are expected to play an important role in wearable electronics. Solution-processable conducting materials are desirable because of their versatile processing. Herein, we report the fabrication of fully stretchable organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) by printing all components of the device. To achieve the stretchability of the whole body of the devices, a printed planar gate electrode and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel electrolyte were employed. Stretchable silver paste provided a soft feature to drain/source, gate and interconnect, without any additional strategies needed to improve the stretchability of the metallic components. The resulting OECTs showed a performance comparable to inkjet or screen-printed OECTs. The maximum transconductance and on/off ratio were 1.04 ± 0.13 mS and 830, respectively. The device was stable for 50 days and stretched up to 110% tensile strain, which makes it suitable for withstanding the mechanical deformation expected in wearable electronics. This work paves the way for all-printed and stretchable transistors in wearable bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hyeong Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Mona Azimi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Jiaxin Fan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Harini Nagarajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Meijing Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Fabio Cicoira
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3A7, Canada
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17
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Ohayon D, Druet V, Inal S. A guide for the characterization of organic electrochemical transistors and channel materials. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:1001-1023. [PMID: 36637165 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00920j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) is one of the most versatile devices within the bioelectronics toolbox, with its compatibility with aqueous media and the ability to transduce and amplify ionic and biological signals into an electronic output. The OECT operation relies on the mixed (ionic and electronic charge) conduction properties of the material in its channel. With the increased popularity of OECTs in bioelectronics applications and to benchmark mixed conduction properties of channel materials, the characterization methods have broadened somewhat heterogeneously. We intend this review to be a guide for the characterization methods of the OECT and the channel materials used. Our review is composed of two main sections. First, we review techniques to fabricate the OECT, introduce different form factors and configurations, and describe the device operation principle. We then discuss the OECT performance figures of merit and detail the experimental procedures to obtain these characteristics. In the second section, we shed light on the characterization of mixed transport properties of channel materials and describe how to assess films' interactions with aqueous electrolytes. In particular, we introduce experimental methods to monitor ion motion and diffusion, charge carrier mobility, and water uptake in the films. We also discuss a few theoretical models describing ion-polymer interactions. We hope that the guidelines we bring together in this review will help researchers perform a more comprehensive and consistent comparison of new materials and device designs, and they will be used to identify advances and opportunities to improve the device performance, progressing the field of organic bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ohayon
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Organic Bioelectronics Laboratory, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Victor Druet
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Organic Bioelectronics Laboratory, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sahika Inal
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Organic Bioelectronics Laboratory, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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18
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Kim S, Yoo H. Recent Progress in Thin-Film Transistors toward Digital, Analog, and Functional Circuits. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:2258. [PMID: 36557558 PMCID: PMC9783209 DOI: 10.3390/mi13122258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Thin-film transistors have been extensively developed due to their process merit: high compatibility with various substrates, large-area processes, and low-cost processes. Despite these advantages, most efforts for thin-film transistors still remain at the level of unit devices, so the circuit level for practical use needs to be further developed. In this regard, this review revisits digital and analog thin-film circuits using carbon nanotubes (CNTs), organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), organic semiconductors, metal oxides, and two-dimensional materials. This review also discusses how to integrate thin-film circuits at the unit device level and some key issues such as metal routing and interconnection. Challenges and opportunities are also discussed to pave the way for developing thin-film circuits and their practical applications.
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19
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Qie H, Wang Z, Ren J, Lü S, Liu M. A tough shape memory hydrogel strain sensor based on gelatin grafted polypyrrole. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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20
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Wang W, Li Z, Li M, Fang L, Chen F, Han S, Lan L, Chen J, Chen Q, Wang H, Liu C, Yang Y, Yue W, Xie Z. High-Transconductance, Highly Elastic, Durable and Recyclable All-Polymer Electrochemical Transistors with 3D Micro-Engineered Interfaces. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 14:184. [PMID: 36094765 PMCID: PMC9468203 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00930-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have emerged as versatile platforms for broad applications spanning from flexible and wearable integrated circuits to biomedical monitoring to neuromorphic computing. A variety of materials and tailored micro/nanostructures have recently been developed to realized stretchable OECTs, however, a solid-state OECT with high elasticity has not been demonstrated to date. Herein, we present a general platform developed for the facile generation of highly elastic all-polymer OECTs with high transconductance (up to 12.7 mS), long-term mechanical and environmental durability, and sustainability. Rapid prototyping of these devices was achieved simply by transfer printing lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS/LiTFSI) microstructures onto a resilient gelatin-based gel electrolyte, in which both depletion-mode and enhancement-mode OECTs were produced using various active channels. Remarkably, the elaborate 3D architectures of the PEDOT:PSS were engineered, and an imprinted 3D-microstructured channel/electrolyte interface combined with wrinkled electrodes provided performance that was retained (> 70%) through biaxial stretching of 100% strain and after 1000 repeated cycles of 80% strain. Furthermore, the anti-drying and degradable gelatin and the self-crosslinked PEDOT:PSS/LiTFSI jointly enabled stability during > 4 months of storage and on-demand disposal and recycling. This work thus represents a straightforward approach towards high-performance stretchable organic electronics for wearable/implantable/neuromorphic/sustainable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices and Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxian Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices and Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Mancheng Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices and Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Lvye Fang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices and Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Fubin Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices and Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Songjia Han
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuyuan Lan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices and Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Junxin Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices and Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Qize Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices and Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongshang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices and Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Yabin Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices and Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan Yue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices and Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuang Xie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices and Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Preparation, properties, and applications of gelatin-based hydrogels (GHs) in the environmental, technological, and biomedical sectors. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 218:601-633. [PMID: 35902015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Gelatin's versatile functionalization offers prospects of facile and effective crosslinking as well as combining with other materials (e.g., metal nanoparticles, carbonaceous, minerals, and polymeric materials exhibiting desired functional properties) to form hybrid materials of improved thermo-mechanical, physio-chemical and biological characteristics. Gelatin-based hydrogels (GHs) and (nano)composite hydrogels possess unique functional features that make them appropriate for a wide range of environmental, technical, and biomedical applications. The properties of GHs could be balanced by optimizing the hydrogel design. The current review explores the various crosslinking techniques of GHs, their properties, composite types, and ultimately their end-use applications. GH's ability to absorb a large volume of water within the gel network via hydrogen bonding is frequently used for water retention (e.g., agricultural additives), and absorbency towards targeted chemicals from the environment (e.g., as wound dressings for absorbing exudates and in water treatment for absorbing pollutants). GH's controllable porosity makes its way to be used to restrict access to chemicals entrapped within the gel phase (e.g., cell encapsulation), regulate the release of encapsulated cargoes within the GH (e.g., drug delivery, agrochemicals release). GH's soft mechanics closely resembling biological tissues, make its use in tissue engineering to deliver suitable mechanical signals to neighboring cells. This review discussed the GHs as potential materials for the creation of biosensors, drug delivery systems, antimicrobials, modified electrodes, water adsorbents, fertilizers and packaging systems, among many others. The future research outlooks are also highlighted.
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22
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Nishat ZS, Hossain T, Islam MN, Phan HP, Wahab MA, Moni MA, Salomon C, Amin MA, Sina AAI, Hossain MSA, Kaneti YV, Yamauchi Y, Masud MK. Hydrogel Nanoarchitectonics: An Evolving Paradigm for Ultrasensitive Biosensing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2107571. [PMID: 35620959 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The integration of nanoarchitectonics and hydrogel into conventional biosensing platforms offers the opportunities to design physically and chemically controlled and optimized soft structures with superior biocompatibility, better immobilization of biomolecules, and specific and sensitive biosensor design. The physical and chemical properties of 3D hydrogel structures can be modified by integrating with nanostructures. Such modifications can enhance their responsiveness to mechanical, optical, thermal, magnetic, and electric stimuli, which in turn can enhance the practicality of biosensors in clinical settings. This review describes the synthesis and kinetics of gel networks and exploitation of nanostructure-integrated hydrogels in biosensing. With an emphasis on different integration strategies of hydrogel with nanostructures, this review highlights the importance of hydrogel nanostructures as one of the most favorable candidates for developing ultrasensitive biosensors. Moreover, hydrogel nanoarchitectonics are also portrayed as a promising candidate for fabricating next-generation robust biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakia Sultana Nishat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Tanvir Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Md Nazmul Islam
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Tees Valley, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BA, UK
| | - Hoang-Phuong Phan
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Md A Wahab
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Mohammad Ali Moni
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane City, QLD, 4029, Australia
- Departamento de Investigación, Postgrado y Educación Continua (DIPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Alba, Santiago, 8320000, Chile
| | - Mohammed A Amin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P. O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abu Ali Ibn Sina
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Md Shahriar A Hossain
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology (EAIT), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Yusuf Valentino Kaneti
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology (EAIT), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project and International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Mostafa Kamal Masud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project and International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
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Shang P, Liu M, Mei Y, Liu Y, Wu L, Dong Y, Zhao Z, Qiu J. Urea-Mediated Monoliths Made of Nitrogen-Enriched Mesoporous Carbon Nanosheets for High-Performance Aqueous Zinc Ion Hybrid Capacitors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2108057. [PMID: 35279955 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202108057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous zinc ion hybrid capacitors (aZHCs) are of great potential for large-scale energy storage and flexible wearable devices, of which the specific capacity and energy density need to be further enhanced for practical applications. Herein, a urea-mediated foaming strategy is reported for the efficient synthesis of monoliths consisting of nitrogen-enriched mesoporous carbon nanosheets (NPCNs) by prefoaming drying a solution made of polyvinylpyrrolidone, zinc nitrate, and urea at low temperatures, foaming and annealing at high temperatures, and subsequent acid etching. NPCNs have a large lateral size of ≈40 µm, thin thickness of ≈55 nm, abundant micropores and mesopores (≈3.8 nm), and a high N-doping value of 9.7 at.%. The NPCNs as the cathode in aZHCs provide abundant zinc storage sites involving both physical and chemical adsorption/desorption of Zn2+ ions, and deliver high specific capacities of 262 and 115 mAh g-1 at 0.2 and 10 A g-1 , and a remarkable areal capacity of ≈0.5 mAh cm-2 with a mass loading of 5.3 mg cm-2 , outperforming most carbon cathodes reported thus far. Moreover, safe and flexible NPCNs based quasi-solid-state devices are fabricated, which can withstand drilling and mechanical bending, suggesting their potential applications in wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Shang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Yingying Mei
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Yuanhao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Lisha Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Yanfeng Dong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
- State Key Lab of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Lab for Energy Materials and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Zongbin Zhao
- State Key Lab of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Lab for Energy Materials and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jieshan Qiu
- State Key Lab of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Lab for Energy Materials and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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24
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Yang H, Hu Y, Kang M, Ding H, Gong Y, Yin X, Sun R, Qin Y, Wei Y, Huang D. Gelatin - glucosamine hydrochloride/crosslinked-Cyclodextrin Metal-organic frameworks @IBU composite hydrogel long-term sustained drug delivery system for osteoarthritis treatment. Biomed Mater 2022; 17. [PMID: 35349993 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac61fa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a disease of articular cartilage degradation and inflammation of the joint capsule. Combining anti-inflammatory therapy with nutritional supplement is an effective means for the treatment of osteoarthritis. In this study, we prepared gelatin (Gel) - glucosamine hydrochloride (GH) mixed crosslinked-cyclodextrin metal-organic material (G-GH/CL-CD-MOF) composite hydrogel. Polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PEGDE) was the crosslinking agent of GH and Gel to solve the problem of poor mechanical properties and water solubility at 37 ℃. CL-CD-MOF was fabricated through a simple one-step chemical reaction to crosslink the hydrophilic hydroxyl groups in CD-MOF with diphenyl carbonate (DPC). Electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis of CL-CD-MOF showed perfect porous morphology with a chaotic internal structure. CL-CD-MOF@IBU was prepared by immersing CL-CD-MOF in high-concentration ibuprofen (IBU) solution. CL-CD-MOF@IBU was uniformly dispersed in Gel and GH mixed solution to prepare G-GH/CL-CD-MOF@IBU composite hydrogel long-term sustained drug delivery system. The compression curve of G-GH/CL-CD-MOF composite hydrogel showed a non-linear elastic behavior. The cyclic loading-unloading compression showed that the shape of the G-GH/CL-CD-MOF composite hydrogel can be kept intact under 50% strain. On the day 14, the G-GH/CL-CD-MOF@IBU composite hydrogel was degraded by 87.1%, 61% of IBU was released. G-GH/CL-CD-MOF@IBU exhibited good biocompatibility during co-culture with MC3T3-E1 cells. Briefly, the certain mechanical properties, sustained drug release behavior, and good biocompatibility of G-GH/CL-CD-MOF@IBU composite hydrogel showed that it has potential application in osteoarthritis treatment of long-term sustained nutritional supplement and anti-inflammatory synchronously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 209 University Street, Yuci District, Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province, China, Taiyuan, Shanxi , 030024, CHINA
| | - Yinchun Hu
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China., Taiyuan University of Technology, 209 University Street, Yuci District, Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province, China, Taiyuan, 030024, CHINA
| | - Min Kang
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China. , Taiyuan University of Technology, Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China., Taiyuan, Shanxi , 030024, CHINA
| | - Huixiu Ding
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China. , Taiyuan University of Technology, 209 University Street, Yuci District, Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province, China, Taiyuan, Shanxi , 030024, CHINA
| | - Yue Gong
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China, Taiyuan University of Technology, 209 University Street, Yuci District, Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province, China, Taiyuan, Shanxi , 030024, CHINA
| | - Xiangfei Yin
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China., Taiyuan University of Technology, 209 University Street, Yuci District, Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province, China, Taiyuan, Shanxi , 030024, CHINA
| | - Ruize Sun
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China. , Taiyuan University of Technology, 209 University Street, Yuci District, Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province, China, Taiyuan, Shanxi , 030024, CHINA
| | - Yuhong Qin
- college of environmental science and engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 209 University Street, Yuci District, Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province, China, Taiyuan, Shanxi , 030024, CHINA
| | - Yan Wei
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China. , Taiyuan University of Technology, 209 University Street, Yuci District, Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province, China, Taiyuan, 030024, CHINA
| | - Di Huang
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China. , Taiyuan University of Technology, 209 University Street, Yuci District, Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province, China, Taiyuan, 030024, CHINA
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25
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Wang L, Sun Q, Zhang L, Wang J, Ren G, Yu L, Wang K, Zhu Y, Lu G, Yu HD. Realizing Ultrahigh Transconductance in Organic Electrochemical Transistor by Co-Doping PEDOT:PSS with Ionic Liquid and Dodecylbenzenesulfonate. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200212. [PMID: 35318764 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), especially the ones with high transconductance, are highly promising in sensitive detection of chemical and biological species. However, it is still a great challenge to design and fabricate OECTs with very high transconductance. Herein, an OECT with ultrahigh transconductance is reported by introducing ionic liquid and dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBSA) simultaneously in poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) as the semiconductive channel. Compared with the OECT based on pristine PEDOT:PSS, the OECT based on co-doped PEDOT:PSS demonstrates a significant enhancement of transconductance from 1.85 to 22.7 mS, because of the increase in volumetric capacitance and conductivity. The enhanced transconductance is attributed to the DBSA-facilitated phase separation between the ionic liquid and PEDOT:PSS, which helps to form conductive domains of ionic liquid in PEDOT:PSS matrix, and the partial dispersion of ionic liquid in the PEDOT:PSS phase. Furthermore, by using the interdigitated electrodes as the source and drain electrodes, an ultrahigh transconductance of 180 mS is obtained, which is superior to that of the state-of-the-art OECTs. Because of the ultrahigh transconductance, the obtained OECT demonstrates sensitive detection of hydrogen peroxide and glucose, making it promising in clinical diagnosis, health monitoring, and environmental surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Qizeng Sun
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Linrong Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jin Wang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Guozhang Ren
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Liuyingzi Yu
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Kaili Wang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yameng Zhu
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Gang Lu
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Dong Yu
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China.,Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
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26
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Nguyen-Dang T, Chae S, Harrison K, Llanes LC, Yi A, Kim HJ, Biswas S, Visell Y, Bazan GC, Nguyen TQ. Efficient Fabrication of Organic Electrochemical Transistors via Wet Chemical Processing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:12469-12478. [PMID: 35230814 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A wet processing method to fabricate high-performance organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) is reported. Wet chemical processing enables a simple and reliable patterning step, substituting several complex and expensive cleanroom procedures in the fabrication of OECTs. We fabricate depletion-mode OECTs based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and enhancement-mode OECTs based on a conjugated polyelectrolyte PCPDTBT-SO3K on rigid and flexible substrates using this wet processing method. We show that the wet chemical processing step can also serve as a chemical treatment to enhance the electrical properties of the active material in OECTs. To highlight the potential of the fabrication process in applications, a transistor-based chemical sensor is demonstrated, capable of detecting methylene blue, a popular redox reporter in biodetection and immunoassays, with good detectivity. Given the tremendous potential of OECTs in emerging technologies such as biosensing and neuromorphic computing, this simple fabrication process established herein will render the OECT platform more accessible for research and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung Nguyen-Dang
- Center for Polymer and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Sangmin Chae
- Center for Polymer and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Kelsey Harrison
- Center for Polymer and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Luana C Llanes
- Center for Polymer and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Ahra Yi
- Department of Organic Material Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Kim
- Department of Organic Material Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Shantonu Biswas
- California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Yon Visell
- California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Guillermo C Bazan
- Center for Polymer and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Thuc-Quyen Nguyen
- Center for Polymer and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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27
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Balakrishnan G, Song J, Mou C, Bettinger CJ. Recent Progress in Materials Chemistry to Advance Flexible Bioelectronics in Medicine. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2106787. [PMID: 34751987 PMCID: PMC8917047 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Designing bioelectronic devices that seamlessly integrate with the human body is a technological pursuit of great importance. Bioelectronic medical devices that reliably and chronically interface with the body can advance neuroscience, health monitoring, diagnostics, and therapeutics. Recent major efforts focus on investigating strategies to fabricate flexible, stretchable, and soft electronic devices, and advances in materials chemistry have emerged as fundamental to the creation of the next generation of bioelectronics. This review summarizes contemporary advances and forthcoming technical challenges related to three principal components of bioelectronic devices: i) substrates and structural materials, ii) barrier and encapsulation materials, and iii) conductive materials. Through notable illustrations from the literature, integration and device fabrication strategies and associated challenges for each material class are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiwoo Song
- Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Chenchen Mou
- Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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28
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Yang W, Wang J, Han Y, Luo X, Tang W, Yue T, Li Z. Robust MOF film of self-rearranged UiO-66-NO2 anchored on gelatin hydrogel via simple thermal-treatment for efficient Pb(II) removal in water and apple juice. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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29
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Flexible complementary circuits operating at sub-0.5 V via hybrid organic-inorganic electrolyte-gated transistors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2111790118. [PMID: 34716274 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2111790118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrolyte-gated transistors (EGTs) hold great promise for next-generation printed logic circuitry, biocompatible integrated sensors, and neuromorphic devices. However, EGT-based complementary circuits with high voltage gain and ultralow driving voltage (<0.5 V) are currently unrealized, because achieving balanced electrical output for both the p- and n-type EGT components has not been possible with current materials. Here we report high-performance EGT complementary circuits containing p-type organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) fabricated with an ion-permeable organic semiconducting polymer (DPP-g2T) and an n-type electrical double-layer transistor (EDLT) fabricated with an ion-impermeable inorganic indium-gallium-zinc oxide (IGZO) semiconductor. Adjusting the IGZO composition enables tunable EDLT output which, for In:Ga:Zn = 10:1:1 at%, balances that of the DPP-g2T OECT. The resulting hybrid electrolyte-gated inverter (HCIN) achieves ultrahigh voltage gains (>110) under a supply voltage of only 0.7 V. Furthermore, NAND and NOR logic circuits on both rigid and flexible substrates are realized, enabling not only excellent logic response with driving voltages as low as 0.2 V but also impressive mechanical flexibility down to 1-mm bending radii. Finally, the HCIN was applied in electrooculographic (EOG) signal monitoring for recording eye movement, which is critical for the development of wearable medical sensors and also interfaces for human-computer interaction; the high voltage amplification of the present HCIN enables EOG signal amplification and monitoring in which a small ∼1.5 mV signal is amplified to ∼30 mV.
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30
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Rashid RB, Ji X, Rivnay J. Organic electrochemical transistors in bioelectronic circuits. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 190:113461. [PMID: 34197997 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) represents a versatile and impactful electronic building block in the areas of printed electronics, bioelectronics, and neuromorphic computing. Significant efforts in OECTs have focused on device physics, new active material design and synthesis, and on preliminary implementation of individual transistors as proof-of-concept components for sensing and computation. However, as most of the current studies are based on single devices, the integration of OECTs into circuits or high-level systems has lagged. In this review, we focus on recent efforts to incorporate individual OECTs into digital, analog, and neuromorphic circuits, and lay out important considerations relevant for (hybrid) systems integration. We summarize the operation principles and the functions of OECT-based circuits and discuss the approaches for wireless power and data transmission for practicality in biological and bio-inspired applications. Finally, we comment on the future directions and challenges facing OECT circuits from both a fundamental and applied perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem B Rashid
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA; Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Xudong Ji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA; Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jonathan Rivnay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA; Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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31
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Sharova AS, Caironi M. Sweet Electronics: Honey-Gated Complementary Organic Transistors and Circuits Operating in Air. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2103183. [PMID: 34418204 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable harnessing of natural resources is key moving toward a new-generation electronics, which features a unique combination of electronic functionality, low cost, and absence of environmental and health hazards. Within this framework, edible electronics, of which transistors and circuits are a fundamental component, is an emerging field, exploiting edible materials that can be safely ingested, and subsequently digested after performing their function. Dielectrics are a critical functional element of transistors, often constituting their major volume. Yet, to date, there are only scarce examples of electrolytic food-based materials able to provide low-voltage operation of transistors at ambient conditions. In this context, a cost-effective and edible substance, honey, is proposed to be used as an electrolytic gate viscous dielectric in electrolyte-gated organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Both n- and p-type honey-gated OFETs (HGOFETs) are demonstrated, with distinctive features such as low voltage (<1 V) operation, long-term shelf life and operation stability in air, and compatibility with large-area fabrication processes, such as inkjet printing on edible tattoo-paper. Such complementary devices enable robust honey-based integrated logic circuits, here exemplified by inverting logic gates and ring oscillators. A marked device responsivity to humidity provides promising opportunities for sensing applications, specifically, for moisture control of dried or dehydrated food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina S Sharova
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via G. Pascoli, 70/3, Milano, 20133, Italy
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Mario Caironi
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via G. Pascoli, 70/3, Milano, 20133, Italy
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33
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Liang Y, Offenhäusser A, Ingebrandt S, Mayer D. PEDOT:PSS-Based Bioelectronic Devices for Recording and Modulation of Electrophysiological and Biochemical Cell Signals. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100061. [PMID: 33970552 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To understand the physiology and pathology of electrogenic cells and the corresponding tissue in their full complexity, the quantitative investigation of the transmission of ions as well as the release of chemical signals is important. Organic (semi-) conducting materials and in particular organic electrochemical transistor are gaining in importance for the investigation of electrophysiological and recently biochemical signals due to their synthetic nature and thus chemical diversity and modifiability, their biocompatible and compliant properties, as well as their mixed electronic and ionic conductivity featuring ion-to-electron conversion. Here, the aim is to summarize recent progress on the development of bioelectronic devices utilizing polymer polyethylenedioxythiophene: poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) to interface electronics and biological matter including microelectrode arrays, neural cuff electrodes, organic electrochemical transistors, PEDOT:PSS-based biosensors, and organic electronic ion pumps. Finally, progress in the material development is summarized for the improvement of polymer conductivity, stretchability, higher transistor transconductance, or to extend their field of application such as cation sensing or metabolite recognition. This survey of recent trends in PEDOT:PSS electrophysiological sensors highlights the potential of this multifunctional material to revolve current technology and to enable long-lasting, multichannel polymer probes for simultaneous recordings of electrophysiological and biochemical signals from electrogenic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanying Liang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Andreas Offenhäusser
- Institute of Biological Information Processing Bioelectronics IBI‐3 Forschungszentrum Jülich Jülich 52425 Germany
| | - Sven Ingebrandt
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Institute of Materials in Electrical Engineering 1 RWTH Aachen University Aachen 52074 Germany
| | - Dirk Mayer
- Institute of Biological Information Processing Bioelectronics IBI‐3 Forschungszentrum Jülich Jülich 52425 Germany
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34
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Yan Y, Chen Q, Wu X, Wang X, Li E, Ke Y, Liu Y, Chen H, Guo T. High-Performance Organic Electrochemical Transistors with Nanoscale Channel Length and Their Application to Artificial Synapse. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:49915-49925. [PMID: 33084310 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have attracted considerable interests for various applications ranging from biosensors to digital logic circuits and artificial synapses. However, the majority of reported OECTs utilize large channel length up to several or several tens of micrometers, which limits the device performance and leads to low transistor densities. Here, we demonstrate a new design of vertical OECT architecture with a nanoscale channel length down to ∼100 nm. The devices exhibit a high on-state current of over 20 mA under a low bias voltage of 0.5 V, a fast transient response of less than 300 μs, and an extraordinary transconductance up to 68.88 mS, representing a record-high value for OECTs. The excellent electrical performance is attributed to the novel structure with a nanoscale channel length defined by the channel material thickness, which is intrinsically different from that of conventional OECTs with the channel length limited by the lithography resolution. Owing to the low thermal budget, we fabricate flexible devices on a flexible substrate, which exhibit unprecedented endurance characteristics and mechanical robustness after 1000 blending cycles. Furthermore, the proposed device is capable of mimicking biological inhibitory synapses for application in intelligent artificial neural networks. Our work not only pushes the performance limit of OECTs but also opens up a new design of OECTs for high-performance biosensors, digital logic, and neuromorphic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Yan
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National & Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350100, China
| | - Qizhen Chen
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National & Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaomin Wu
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National & Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National & Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Enlong Li
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National & Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yudan Ke
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National & Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Huipeng Chen
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National & Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350100, China
| | - Tailiang Guo
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National & Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350100, China
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Avila‐Niño JA, Vilchis S, Araujo E. Flexible and transparent capacitors based on gel‐type natural polymers. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José A. Avila‐Niño
- CONACYT ‐ Center of Research and Technological Development in Electrochemistry (CIDETEQ) Parque Tecnológico Querétaro s/n Sanfandila 76703 Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Sofía Vilchis
- Research Laboratory on Optimal Design, Devices and Advanced Materials ‐OPTIMA‐, Department of Mathematics and Physics ITESO, Periférico Sur Manuel Gómez Morín 8585 Tlaquepaque Jalisco Mexico
| | - Elsie Araujo
- Research Laboratory on Optimal Design, Devices and Advanced Materials ‐OPTIMA‐, Department of Mathematics and Physics ITESO, Periférico Sur Manuel Gómez Morín 8585 Tlaquepaque Jalisco Mexico
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36
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Organic electrochemical transistor for sensing of sialic acid in serum samples. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1128:231-237. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Lill AT, Cao DX, Schrock M, Vollbrecht J, Huang J, Nguyen-Dang T, Brus VV, Yurash B, Leifert D, Bazan GC, Nguyen TQ. Organic Electrochemical Transistors Based on the Conjugated Polyelectrolyte PCPDTBT-SO 3 K (CPE-K). ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1908120. [PMID: 32656778 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201908120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PCPDTBT-SO3 K (CPE-K), a conjugated polyelectrolyte, is presented as a mixed conductor material that can be used to fabricate high transconductance accumulation mode organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs). OECTs are utilized in a wide range of applications such as analyte detection, neural interfacing, impedance sensing, and neuromorphic computing. The use of interdigitated contacts to enable high transconductance in a relatively small device area in comparison to standard contacts is demonstrated. Such characteristics are highly desired in applications such as neural-activity sensing, where the device area must be minimized to reduce invasiveness. The physical and electrical properties of CPE-K are fully characterized to allow a direct comparison to other top performing OECT materials. CPE-K demonstrates an electrical performance that is among the best reported in the literature for OECT materials. In addition, CPE-K OECTs operate in the accumulation mode, which allows for much lower energy consumption in comparison to commonly used depletion mode devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T Lill
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - David X Cao
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Max Schrock
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Joachim Vollbrecht
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Jianfei Huang
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Tung Nguyen-Dang
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Viktor V Brus
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Brett Yurash
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Dirk Leifert
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Münster University, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Guillermo C Bazan
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Thuc-Quyen Nguyen
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
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Wang J, Zhang Q, Hu D, Zhan T, Guo Z, Wang S, Hu Y. Reprogrammable fluorescence logic sensing for biomolecules via RNA-like coenzyme A-based coordination polymer. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 165:112405. [PMID: 32729525 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, coenzyme A (CoA)-based coordination polymers (CPs) have been generated in situ by exploiting the reaction of thiols with metal ion (Au(III) or Ag(I)), which are dependent on both thiol-metal and aurophilic metal∙metal interaction. It is interesting to note that CPs-related biosensing capabilities toward some biomolecules including ascorbic acid (AA), cysteine (Cys) and glutathione (GSH) are also investigated via SYBR Green II (SGII)-derived fluorescence switchable mechanisms. The synthesized CPs display especial RNA-like structure and are capable of initiating the fluorescence of SGII. Conversely, AA, Cys or GSH can give rise to the structural destruction of RNA-like CPs, thus inhibiting the fluorescence signal, and quantitative detection of these biomolecules are achieved favorably with a detection limit of 7.2, 0.55 and 0.48 nM, respectively. Meanwhile, the fascinating fluorescence on-off property and simple synthetic process are employed to build a series of basic logic gates (YES, NOT, OR, AND, INHIBIT and NOR) and multiple configurable logic gates (OR-AND and OR-OR-INHIBIT) along with different logic inputs. In view of these, developing CoA-based CPs as a new material to execute logic operations provides a valuable platform to establish the next generation of advanced molecular devices for clinic diagnostic and biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, School of Materials Science & Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, School of Materials Science & Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, PR China
| | - Dandan Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, School of Materials Science & Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China
| | - Tianyu Zhan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, School of Materials Science & Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, School of Materials Science & Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China
| | - Sui Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, School of Materials Science & Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China
| | - Yufang Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, School of Materials Science & Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, PR China.
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S Barbosa M, Balke N, Tsai WY, Santato C, Orlandi MO. Structure of the Electrical Double Layer at the Interface between an Ionic Liquid and Tungsten Oxide in Ion-Gated Transistors. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:3257-3262. [PMID: 32233492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The structure of electrical double layers at electrified interfaces is of utmost importance for electrochemical energy storage as well as printable, flexible, and bioelectronic devices, such as ion-gated transistors (IGTs). Here we report a study based on atomic force microscopy force-distance profiling on electrical double layers forming at the interface between the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and sol-gel films of mesoporous tungsten oxide. We successfully followed, under in operando conditions, the evolution of the arrangement of the ions at the interface with the tungsten oxide films used as channel materials in IGTs. Our work sheds light on the mechanism of operation of IGTs, thus offering the possibility of optimizing their performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin S Barbosa
- Departamento de Físico-Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rua Professor Degni, 55, Araraquara, SP 14800-060, Brazil
- Département de Génie physique, Polytechnique Montréal, C.P. 6079, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Nina Balke
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Wan-Yu Tsai
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Clara Santato
- Département de Génie physique, Polytechnique Montréal, C.P. 6079, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Marcelo O Orlandi
- Departamento de Físico-Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rua Professor Degni, 55, Araraquara, SP 14800-060, Brazil
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Zhang X, Ye T, Meng X, Tian Z, Pang L, Han Y, Li H, Lu G, Xiu F, Yu HD, Liu J, Huang W. Sustainable and Transparent Fish Gelatin Films for Flexible Electroluminescent Devices. ACS NANO 2020; 14:3876-3884. [PMID: 32186191 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b09880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In the past decades, various alternating current electroluminescent (ACEL) devices, especially the flexible ones, have been developed and used in flat panel display, large-scale decorating, logo display lighting, optical signaling, etc. Transparent plastics are usually used as substrates in ACEL devices; however, they are undegradable and may cause serious environmental pollution. Herein, we have developed a flexible transient ACEL device based on transparent fish gelatin (FG) films. The FG films were made from fish scales, which are sustainable, cost-efficient, and eco-friendly. These films could dissolve in water within seconds at 60 °C and degrade completely within 24 days in soil. The transmittance of these FG films was up to 91.1% in the visible spectrum, comparable to that of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) (90.4%). After forming a composite with silver nanowires (Ag NWs), the Ag NWs-FG film showed a transmittance up to 82.3% and a sheet resistance down to 22.4 Ω sq-1. The fabricated ACEL device based on the Ag NWs-FG film exhibited high flexibility and luminance up to 56.0 cd m-2. The device could be dissolved in water within 3 min. Our work demonstrates that the sustainable, flexible, and transparent FG films are a promising alternative for green and degradable substrates in the field of flexible electronics, including foldable displays, wearable devices, and health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopan Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Tengyang Ye
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Xianghao Meng
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Zhihui Tian
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Lihua Pang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Yaojie Han
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Hai Li
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Gang Lu
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Fei Xiu
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Dong Yu
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Juqing Liu
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
- Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics, MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), and Xi'an Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, P.R. China
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Zhu Y, Lin L, Chen Y, Song Y, Lu W, Guo Y. A self-healing, robust adhesion, multiple stimuli-response hydrogel for flexible sensors. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:2238-2248. [PMID: 32025677 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm02303h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Ionic hydrogels have great application potential in human index monitoring and wound treatment, such as in wearable sensors, wound dressings, and ionic skin. However, the design of a hydrogel achieving the synergistic characteristics of excellent mechanical properties, robust adhesion, and multiple stimuli-responses remains a critical challenge. Herein, by introducing negatively charged clay nanosheets, we report a smart ionic Gelatin/PAAm/Clay hydrogel (GPNs gel) with a high conductivity of 10.87 mS cm-1. The as-prepared gel exhibits excellent self-healing properties, robust adhesion (interfacial toughness of up to 485 J m-2 with pigskin), and multiple stimuli-responses driven by salt ions, pH, and stress. Based on this hydrogel, a capacitive sensor has also been designed, which provides linear responses over a wide range (applied pressure up to 2 kPa) and sensitively monitors human motion. In addition, the gel also displays good biocompatibility with human lung embryonic (MRC-5) cells. These characteristics demonstrate that the GPNs gel is an ideal candidate for developing flexible sensor devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical conversion and Optoelectronic Material, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and Biomaterial Research Center, Hangzhou Research Institute of Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Third Institute Of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical conversion and Optoelectronic Material, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and Biomaterial Research Center, Hangzhou Research Institute of Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yeping Song
- Biomaterial Research Center, Hangzhou Research Institute of Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Weipeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical conversion and Optoelectronic Material, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and Biomaterial Research Center, Hangzhou Research Institute of Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Yanchuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical conversion and Optoelectronic Material, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and Biomaterial Research Center, Hangzhou Research Institute of Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Lv D, Yang Q, Chen Q, Chen J, Lai D, Chen H, Guo T. All-metal oxide synaptic transistor with modulatable plasticity. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:065201. [PMID: 31645022 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab5080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The artificial neural system has attracted tremendous attention in the field of artificial intelligence due to operate mode of parallel computation which is superior to traditional Von Neumann computers in processing complex sensory data and real-time situations with extremely low power dissipation. Remarkable progress has been made in the hardware-based electric-double-layer synaptic transistors as its modulation by ion movement is similar to biological synapse for the past few years. Unfortunately, long-term potentiation (LTP) timescale is still a big challenge in hardware-based electric-double-layer synaptic transistors which is essential to processing capacity and memory formation. Meanwhile, the effect of ion concentration on the synaptic plasticity has rarely been reported. Here, a solid state electrolyte-gated transistor using Ta2O5 as dielectric layer with unique ionic composition was demonstrated and the regulation of synaptic weight was realized by changing ion concentration. Both the potentiation and depression of synaptic weight such as excitatory post-synaptic current, inhibitory response (IPSC), paired pulse facilitation as well as LTP were successfully simulated. More importantly, oxygen vacancy content was tuned for the first time to modulate synaptic plasticity by varying film thickness and gas ratio, through which the intensity and duration of memory were enhanced with appropriate vacancy concentration. It indicated that appropriate vacancy concentration avoided the effects of internal electric field induced by ion excess, leading to a long-term memory. These results reveal a promising path to improve memory capacity of artificial synapse via ion modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Lv
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National & Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
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Wang T, Zhang X, Wang Z, Zhu X, Liu J, Min X, Cao T, Fan X. Smart Composite Hydrogels with pH-Responsiveness and Electrical Conductivity for Flexible Sensors and Logic Gates. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1564. [PMID: 31561467 PMCID: PMC6836247 DOI: 10.3390/polym11101564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive conductive hydrogels have a wide range of applications due to their intelligent sensing of external environmental changes, which are important for smart switches, soft robotics, and flexible sensors. However, designing stimuli-responsive conductive hydrogels with logical operation, such as smart switches, remains a challenge. In this study, we synthesized pH-responsive conductive hydrogels, based on the copolymer network of acrylic acid and hydroxyethyl acrylate doped with graphene oxide. Using the good flexibility and conductivity of these hydrogels, we prepared a flexible sensor that can realize the intelligent analysis of human body motion signals. Moreover, the pH-responsive conductive hydrogels were integrated with temperature-responsive conductive hydrogels to develop logic gates with sensing, analysis, and driving functions, which realized the intellectualization of conductive hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry, Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (T.W.); (Z.W.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (T.C.)
| | - Xuan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry, Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (T.W.); (Z.W.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (T.C.)
| | - Zichao Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry, Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (T.W.); (Z.W.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (T.C.)
| | - Xiuzhong Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry, Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (T.W.); (Z.W.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (T.C.)
- School of Light Industry and Engineering, Qi Lu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Jie Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry, Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (T.W.); (Z.W.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (T.C.)
| | - Xin Min
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry, Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (T.W.); (Z.W.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (T.C.)
| | - Tao Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry, Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (T.W.); (Z.W.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (T.C.)
| | - Xiaodong Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry, Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (T.W.); (Z.W.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (T.C.)
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