1
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Gao Y, Wang Y. Interplay of graphene-DNA interactions: Unveiling sensing potential of graphene materials. APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS 2024; 11:011306. [PMID: 38784221 PMCID: PMC11115426 DOI: 10.1063/5.0171364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Graphene-based materials and DNA probes/nanostructures have emerged as building blocks for constructing powerful biosensors. Graphene-based materials possess exceptional properties, including two-dimensional atomically flat basal planes for biomolecule binding. DNA probes serve as excellent selective probes, exhibiting specific recognition capabilities toward diverse target analytes. Meanwhile, DNA nanostructures function as placement scaffolds, enabling the precise organization of molecular species at nanoscale and the positioning of complex biomolecular assays. The interplay of DNA probes/nanostructures and graphene-based materials has fostered the creation of intricate hybrid materials with user-defined architectures. This advancement has resulted in significant progress in developing novel biosensors for detecting DNA, RNA, small molecules, and proteins, as well as for DNA sequencing. Consequently, a profound understanding of the interactions between DNA and graphene-based materials is key to developing these biological devices. In this review, we systematically discussed the current comprehension of the interaction between DNA probes and graphene-based materials, and elucidated the latest advancements in DNA probe-graphene-based biosensors. Additionally, we concisely summarized recent research endeavors involving the deposition of DNA nanostructures on graphene-based materials and explored imminent biosensing applications by seamlessly integrating DNA nanostructures with graphene-based materials. Finally, we delineated the primary challenges and provided prospective insights into this rapidly developing field. We envision that this review will aid researchers in understanding the interactions between DNA and graphene-based materials, gaining deeper insight into the biosensing mechanisms of DNA-graphene-based biosensors, and designing novel biosensors for desired applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjing Gao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Yichun Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
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2
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Mao D, Liu L, Zhang C, Liu H, Mao C. Molecular Lithography on Silicon Wafers Guided by Porous, Extended Arrays of Small DNA Tiles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:11782-11787. [PMID: 37562139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Tile-based DNA self-assembly is a cost-effective fabrication method for large-scale nanopatterns. Herein, we report a protocol to directly assemble DNA 2D arrays on silicon wafers and then use the DNA nanostructures as molds to fabricate the corresponding nanostructures on the silicon wafers by hydrogen fluoride (HF) etching. Similar HF etching has been used with robust large DNA origami structures as templates. This work demonstrates that DNA nanostructures assembled from small tiles are sufficiently stable for this process. The resulting feature size (∼8.6 nm) approaches the sizes of e-beam lithography. While the reported method is parallel and inexpensive, e-beam lithography is a serial method and is expensive. We expect that this method will be very useful for preparing fine nanopatterns in large areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dake Mao
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Longfei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Cuizheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Haitao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Chengde Mao
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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3
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Parikka JM, Järvinen H, Sokołowska K, Ruokolainen V, Markešević N, Natarajan AK, Vihinen-Ranta M, Kuzyk A, Tapio K, Toppari JJ. Creation of ordered 3D tubes out of DNA origami lattices. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:7772-7780. [PMID: 37057647 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06001a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Hierarchical self-assembly of nanostructures with addressable complexity has been a promising route for realizing novel functional materials. Traditionally, the fabrication of such structures on a large scale has been achievable using top-down methods but with the cost of complexity of the fabrication equipment versus resolution and limitation mainly to 2D structures. More recently bottom-up methods using molecules like DNA have gained attention due to the advantages of low fabrication costs, high resolution and simplicity in an extension of the methods to the third dimension. One of the more promising bottom-up techniques is DNA origami due to the robust self-assembly of arbitrarily shaped nanostructures with feature sizes down to a few nanometers. Here, we show that under specific ionic conditions of the buffer, the employed plus-shaped, blunt-ended Seeman tile (ST) origami forms elongated, ordered 2D lattices, which are further rolled into 3D tubes in solution. Imaging structures on a surface by atomic force microscopy reveals ribbon-like structures, with single or double layers of the origami lattice. Further studies of the double-layered structures in a liquid state by confocal microscopy and cryo-TEM revealed elongated tube structures with a relatively uniform width but with a varying length. Through meticulous study, we concluded that the assembly process of these 3D DNA origami tubes is heavily dependent on the concentration of both mono- and divalent cations. In particular, nickel seems to act as a trigger for the formation of the tubular assemblies in liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes M Parikka
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Physics and Nanoscience Center, 40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Heini Järvinen
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Physics and Nanoscience Center, 40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Karolina Sokołowska
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Physics and Nanoscience Center, 40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Visa Ruokolainen
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, 40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Nemanja Markešević
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Physics and Nanoscience Center, 40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Ashwin K Natarajan
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Maija Vihinen-Ranta
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, 40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Anton Kuzyk
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Kosti Tapio
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Physics and Nanoscience Center, 40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - J Jussi Toppari
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Physics and Nanoscience Center, 40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
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4
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Xie M, Fang W, Qu Z, Hu Y, Zhang Y, Chao J, Shi J, Wang L, Wang L, Tian Y, Fan C, Liu H. High-entropy alloy nanopatterns by prescribed metallization of DNA origami templates. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1745. [PMID: 36990981 PMCID: PMC10060391 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37333-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractHigh-entropy multimetallic nanopatterns with controlled morphology, composition and uniformity hold great potential for developing nanoelectronics, nanophotonics and catalysis. Nevertheless, the lack of general methods for patterning multiple metals poses a limit. Here, we develop a DNA origami-based metallization reaction system to prescribe multimetallic nanopatterns with peroxidase-like activities. We find that strong coordination between metal elements and DNA bases enables the accumulation of metal ions on protruding clustered DNA (pcDNA) that are prescribed on DNA origami. As a result of the condensation of pcDNA, these sites can serve as nucleation site for metal plating. We have synthesized multimetallic nanopatterns composed of up to five metal elements (Co, Pd, Pt, Ag and Ni), and obtained insights on elemental uniformity control at the nanoscale. This method provides an alternative pathway to construct a library of multimetallic nanopatterns.
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5
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Abstract
Hierarchical assembly of programmable DNA frameworks─such as DNA origami─paves the way for versatile nanometer-precise parallel nanopatterning up to macroscopic scales. As of now, the rapid evolution of the DNA nanostructure design techniques and the accessibility of these methods provide a feasible platform for building highly ordered DNA-based assemblies for various purposes. So far, a plethora of different building blocks based on DNA tiles and DNA origami have been introduced, but the dynamics of the large-scale lattice assembly of such modules is still poorly understood. Here, we focus on the dynamics of two-dimensional surface-assisted DNA origami lattice assembly at mica and lipid substrates and the techniques for prospective three-dimensional assemblies, and finally, we summarize the potential applications of such systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Julin
- Biohybrid Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Adrian Keller
- Paderborn University, Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Veikko Linko
- Biohybrid Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland
- LIBER Center of Excellence, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland
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6
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Handrea-Dragan IM, Botiz I, Tatar AS, Boca S. Patterning at the micro/nano-scale: Polymeric scaffolds for medical diagnostic and cell-surface interaction applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 218:112730. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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7
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Zhang T, Wei B. Design of Orthogonal DNA Sticky-End Cohesion Based on Configuration-Specific Molecular Recognition. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18479-18484. [PMID: 36173287 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In sticky-end cohesion, sequence complementarity is the key to design specific recognition among many DNA nanostructure units. The binding orthogonality usually arises from sticky-end pairs of different sequences. Instead of creating orthogonal species of sticky-end bonds based on sequence complementarity, we restricted the sticky-end sequence diversity down to the fixed C-G pair and explored orthogonal recognition of the synthetic DNA constructs based solely on the configurational match. From our comprehensive investigations of 2D tessellation and 3D crystallization, we demonstrated the new configuration-specific sticky-end cohesion to program specific and precise molecular recognition of synthetic structural units for high-order DNA self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Tsinghua University-Peking University Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bryan Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Tsinghua University-Peking University Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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8
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Heuer-Jungemann A, Linko V. Engineering Inorganic Materials with DNA Nanostructures. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:1969-1979. [PMID: 34963890 PMCID: PMC8704036 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c01272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid nanotechnology lays a foundation for the user-friendly design and synthesis of DNA frameworks of any desirable shape with extreme accuracy and addressability. Undoubtedly, such features make these structures ideal modules for positioning and organizing molecules and molecular components into complex assemblies. One of the emerging concepts in the field is to create inorganic and hybrid materials through programmable DNA templates. Here, we discuss the challenges and perspectives of such DNA nanostructure-driven materials science engineering and provide insights into the subject by introducing various DNA-based fabrication techniques including metallization, mineralization, lithography, casting, and hierarchical self-assembly of metal nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Heuer-Jungemann
- Max
Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
- Center
for Nanoscience, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Veikko Linko
- Biohybrid
Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
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9
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Xin Y, Zargariantabrizi AA, Grundmeier G, Keller A. Magnesium-Free Immobilization of DNA Origami Nanostructures at Mica Surfaces for Atomic Force Microscopy. Molecules 2021; 26:4798. [PMID: 34443385 PMCID: PMC8399889 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA origami nanostructures (DONs) are promising substrates for the single-molecule investigation of biomolecular reactions and dynamics by in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM). For this, they are typically immobilized on mica substrates by adding millimolar concentrations of Mg2+ ions to the sample solution, which enable the adsorption of the negatively charged DONs at the like-charged mica surface. These non-physiological Mg2+ concentrations, however, present a serious limitation in such experiments as they may interfere with the reactions and processes under investigation. Therefore, we here evaluate three approaches to efficiently immobilize DONs at mica surfaces under essentially Mg2+-free conditions. These approaches rely on the pre-adsorption of different multivalent cations, i.e., Ni2+, poly-l-lysine (PLL), and spermidine (Spdn). DON adsorption is studied in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and pure water. In general, Ni2+ shows the worst performance with heavily deformed DONs. For 2D DON triangles, adsorption at PLL- and in particular Spdn-modified mica may outperform even Mg2+-mediated adsorption in terms of surface coverage, depending on the employed solution. For 3D six-helix bundles, less pronounced differences between the individual strategies are observed. Our results provide some general guidance for the immobilization of DONs at mica surfaces under Mg2+-free conditions and may aid future in situ AFM studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Adrian Keller
- Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany; (Y.X.); (A.A.Z.); (G.G.)
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10
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Xin Y, Shen B, Kostiainen MA, Grundmeier G, Castro M, Linko V, Keller A. Scaling Up DNA Origami Lattice Assembly. Chemistry 2021; 27:8564-8571. [PMID: 33780583 PMCID: PMC8252642 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The surface-assisted hierarchical assembly of DNA origami nanostructures is a promising route to fabricate regular nanoscale lattices. In this work, the scalability of this approach is explored and the formation of a homogeneous polycrystalline DNA origami lattice at the mica-electrolyte interface over a total surface area of 18.75 cm2 is demonstrated. The topological analysis of more than 50 individual AFM images recorded at random locations over the sample surface showed only minuscule and random variations in the quality and order of the assembled lattice. The analysis of more than 450 fluorescence microscopy images of a quantum dot-decorated DNA origami lattice further revealed a very homogeneous surface coverage over cm2 areas with only minor boundary effects at the substrate edges. At total DNA costs of € 0.12 per cm2 , this large-scale nanopatterning technique holds great promise for the fabrication of functional surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xin
- Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryPaderborn UniversityWarburger Str. 10033098PaderbornGermany
| | - Boxuan Shen
- Biohybrid MaterialsDepartment of Bioproducts and BiosystemsAalto UniversityP. O. Box 1610000076AaltoFinland
| | - Mauri A. Kostiainen
- Biohybrid MaterialsDepartment of Bioproducts and BiosystemsAalto UniversityP. O. Box 1610000076AaltoFinland
| | - Guido Grundmeier
- Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryPaderborn UniversityWarburger Str. 10033098PaderbornGermany
| | - Mario Castro
- Grupo Interdisciplinar de Sistemas Complejos and Instituto de Investigación TecnológicaUniversidad Pontificia Comillas de MadridMadrid28015Spain
| | - Veikko Linko
- Biohybrid MaterialsDepartment of Bioproducts and BiosystemsAalto UniversityP. O. Box 1610000076AaltoFinland
| | - Adrian Keller
- Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryPaderborn UniversityWarburger Str. 10033098PaderbornGermany
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11
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Nakauchi H, Maeda M, Kanayama N. Terminal Sequence-Specific Interparticle Attraction between DNA Duplex-Carrying Polystyrene Microparticles in Aqueous Salt Solution Assessed by Optical Tweezers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:5573-5581. [PMID: 33871256 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The dispersion behavior of DNA duplex-carrying colloidal particles in aqueous high-salt solutions shows extraordinary selectivity against the duplex terminal sequence. We investigated the interparticle force between DNA duplex-carrying polystyrene (dsDNA-PS) microparticles in aqueous salt solutions and examined their behavior in relation to the duplex terminal sequences. Force-distance (F-D) curves for a pair of dsDNA-PS particles were recorded with a dual-beam optical tweezers system with the two optically trapped particles closely approaching each other. Interestingly, only 3-5% of the oligo-DNA strands on the dsDNA-PS particles formed a duplex with complementary DNAs, and the F-D curves showed a distinct specificity to the duplex terminal sequences in the interparticle force at a high-NaCl concentration; a clear attraction peak was observed in F-D curves only when the duplex terminal was a complementary base pair. The attractive strength reached 2.6 ± 0.5 pN at 500 mM NaCl and 4.3 ± 1.0 pN at 750 mM NaCl. By sharp contrast, no significant attraction occurred for the particles with mismatched duplex terminals even at 750 mM NaCl. Similar duplex terminal-specificity in the interparticle force was also confirmed for dsDNA-PS particles in divalent MgCl2 solutions. Considering that the duplex terminal sequences on the dsDNA-PS particles showed only a negligible difference in their surface charges under identical salt conditions, we concluded that the interparticle attraction observed only for the dsDNA-PS particles with complementary duplex terminals is attributable to the salt-facilitated stacking interaction between the paired terminal nucleobases (i.e., blunt-end stacking) on the dsDNA-PS surfaces. Our results thus demonstrate the occurrence of a duplex terminal-specific interparticle force between dsDNA-PS particles under high-salt conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroya Nakauchi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano-shi, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Mizuo Maeda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano-shi, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
- Bioengineering Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Naoki Kanayama
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano-shi, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
- Bioengineering Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
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12
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Ma N, Dai L, Chen Z, Ji M, Wang Y, Tian Y. Environment-Resistant DNA Origami Crystals Bridged by Rigid DNA Rods with Adjustable Unit Cells. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:3581-3587. [PMID: 33821653 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The crystallization methodology of DNA origami frames has found salient utility in large-scalely integrating multifarious functional components following organized arrangements, thus opening up the possibilities for optical, biological, and other interdisciplinary applications. However, the single strand-dominated spacing region between adjacent DNA origami units has extremely restricted the adjustment of DNA origami separations, leading the soft crystals susceptible to environmental influences. Herein, we developed a cocrystallization pathway by incorporating rigid DNA rods into a DNA origami assembly system to achieve mutually ordered bridging on a three-dimensional scale. The intervention of DNA rods significantly improved the rigidity and crushing resistance of entire cocrystals and rendered DNA origami units exhibiting different spacing distances within the obtained crystal phase when varying DNA rod structures artificially. Such a tuning strategy that uses DNA rods as allosteric factors would provide a rational method for accessing diverse crystalline states and even modulating the tailorable properties of materials on demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Ma
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lizhi Dai
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Min Ji
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ye Tian
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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13
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Constructing Large 2D Lattices Out of DNA-Tiles. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061502. [PMID: 33801952 PMCID: PMC8000633 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The predictable nature of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) interactions enables assembly of DNA into almost any arbitrary shape with programmable features of nanometer precision. The recent progress of DNA nanotechnology has allowed production of an even wider gamut of possible shapes with high-yield and error-free assembly processes. Most of these structures are, however, limited in size to a nanometer scale. To overcome this limitation, a plethora of studies has been carried out to form larger structures using DNA assemblies as building blocks or tiles. Therefore, DNA tiles have become one of the most widely used building blocks for engineering large, intricate structures with nanometer precision. To create even larger assemblies with highly organized patterns, scientists have developed a variety of structural design principles and assembly methods. This review first summarizes currently available DNA tile toolboxes and the basic principles of lattice formation and hierarchical self-assembly using DNA tiles. Special emphasis is given to the forces involved in the assembly process in liquid-liquid and at solid-liquid interfaces, and how to master them to reach the optimum balance between the involved interactions for successful self-assembly. In addition, we focus on the recent approaches that have shown great potential for the controlled immobilization and positioning of DNA nanostructures on different surfaces. The ability to position DNA objects in a controllable manner on technologically relevant surfaces is one step forward towards the integration of DNA-based materials into nanoelectronic and sensor devices.
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14
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Handrea-Dragan M, Botiz I. Multifunctional Structured Platforms: From Patterning of Polymer-Based Films to Their Subsequent Filling with Various Nanomaterials. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:445. [PMID: 33573248 PMCID: PMC7866561 DOI: 10.3390/polym13030445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an astonishing number of optoelectronic, photonic, biological, sensing, or storage media devices, just to name a few, that rely on a variety of extraordinary periodic surface relief miniaturized patterns fabricated on polymer-covered rigid or flexible substrates. Even more extraordinary is that these surface relief patterns can be further filled, in a more or less ordered fashion, with various functional nanomaterials and thus can lead to the realization of more complex structured architectures. These architectures can serve as multifunctional platforms for the design and the development of a multitude of novel, better performing nanotechnological applications. In this work, we aim to provide an extensive overview on how multifunctional structured platforms can be fabricated by outlining not only the main polymer patterning methodologies but also by emphasizing various deposition methods that can guide different structures of functional nanomaterials into periodic surface relief patterns. Our aim is to provide the readers with a toolbox of the most suitable patterning and deposition methodologies that could be easily identified and further combined when the fabrication of novel structured platforms exhibiting interesting properties is targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalina Handrea-Dragan
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, 42 Treboniu Laurian Str. 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Faculty of Physics, Babes-Bolyai University, 1 M. Kogalniceanu Str. 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioan Botiz
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, 42 Treboniu Laurian Str. 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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15
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Ramakrishnan S, Subramaniam S, Kielar C, Grundmeier G, Stewart AF, Keller A. Protein-Assisted Room-Temperature Assembly of Rigid, Immobile Holliday Junctions and Hierarchical DNA Nanostructures. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215099. [PMID: 33153073 PMCID: PMC7663122 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Immobile Holliday junctions represent not only the most fundamental building block of structural DNA nanotechnology but are also of tremendous importance for the in vitro investigation of genetic recombination and epigenetics. Here, we present a detailed study on the room-temperature assembly of immobile Holliday junctions with the help of the single-strand annealing protein Redβ. Individual DNA single strands are initially coated with protein monomers and subsequently hybridized to form a rigid blunt-ended four-arm junction. We investigate the efficiency of this approach for different DNA/protein ratios, as well as for different DNA sequence lengths. Furthermore, we also evaluate the potential of Redβ to anneal sticky-end modified Holliday junctions into hierarchical assemblies. We demonstrate the Redβ-mediated annealing of Holliday junction dimers, multimers, and extended networks several microns in size. While these hybrid DNA–protein nanostructures may find applications in the crystallization of DNA–protein complexes, our work shows the great potential of Redβ to aid in the synthesis of functional DNA nanostructures under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saminathan Ramakrishnan
- Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany; (S.R.); (C.K.); (G.G.)
- Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Sivaraman Subramaniam
- Biotechnology Center, Department of Genomics, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-51, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (S.S.); (A.F.S.)
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Charlotte Kielar
- Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany; (S.R.); (C.K.); (G.G.)
| | - Guido Grundmeier
- Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany; (S.R.); (C.K.); (G.G.)
| | - A. Francis Stewart
- Biotechnology Center, Department of Genomics, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-51, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (S.S.); (A.F.S.)
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Adrian Keller
- Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany; (S.R.); (C.K.); (G.G.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Dong Y, Yao C, Zhu Y, Yang L, Luo D, Yang D. DNA Functional Materials Assembled from Branched DNA: Design, Synthesis, and Applications. Chem Rev 2020; 120:9420-9481. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Dong
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Chi Yao
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Lu Yang
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Biological & Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Dayong Yang
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
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17
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18
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Yang TY, Yu L, Akiyama Y, Takarada T, Maeda M. DNA-Programmed Bimodal 2D Assembly of Differently Sized Nanoparticles via Folding of Precursory Circular Chains. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:5588-5595. [PMID: 32378903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticle (AuNP) assemblies in two-dimensions (2D) exhibit collective physical/chemical properties that are useful for various devices. However, technical issues still impede the efficient ordering of differently sized AuNPs on solid supports while avoiding phase separation. This paper describes a method to construct binary 2D assemblies by folding precursory circular chains composed of small and large AuNPs. The structural change is caused by a spontaneous, non-cross-linking assembly of fully matched double-stranded DNA-modified AuNPs (dsDNA-AuNPs) at a high ionic strength. Since larger dsDNA-AuNPs have a lower critical coagulation concentration of the supporting electrolyte, the spontaneous assembly of large AuNPs precedes that of small AuNPs in the precursory chain during evaporation. Transmission electron microscopy reveals that alternate-type AuNP chains are folded into a binary 2D structure in a mixed mode, whereas block-type chains are transformed into a binary 2D structure in a core-shell mode. The methodology could potentially be harnessed for the fabrication of binary AuNP arrays for various devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzung-Ying Yang
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwano-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
- Bioengineering Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama351-0198, Japan
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwano-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
- Bioengineering Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Akiyama
- Bioengineering Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama351-0198, Japan
- Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 102-1 Tomino, Oshamambe-cho, Yamakoshi-gun, Hokkaido 049-3514, Japan
| | - Tohru Takarada
- Bioengineering Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama351-0198, Japan
| | - Mizuo Maeda
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwano-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
- Bioengineering Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama351-0198, Japan
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19
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Xin Y, Ji X, Grundmeier G, Keller A. Dynamics of lattice defects in mixed DNA origami monolayers. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:9733-9743. [PMID: 32324191 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr01252a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The surface-assisted hierarchical assembly of DNA nanostructures into regular lattices is not only a promising route toward the fabrication of molecular lithography masks over macroscopic surface areas, but also represents an intriguing model system that enables the direct real-time observation of interface-related dynamic phenomena such as adsorption, desorption, and diffusion that are hardly accessible in other lattice-forming systems. In this work, we employ in situ high-speed atomic force microscopy to investigate the development of mixed DNA origami monolayers consisting of DNA origami triangles with threefold symmetry in the presence of rectangular DNA origami impurities with fourfold symmetry. The dynamic formation and annealing of the resulting defects is monitored in dependence of the triangle-to-rectangle ratio and correlated with the achieved lattice order. We find that the overall order of the formed DNA origami monolayer is rather resilient with regard to the presence of impurities. We even find indications that the deliberate addition of impurities at low concentrations may lead to slightly improved lattice order, presumable because they facilitate the dynamic rearrangement of neighboring lattice triangles and thus aid the annealing of non-impurity defects. Deliberate doping of DNA origami lattices with differently shaped impurities during assembly may thus provide a route toward further enhancing lattice quality via impurity-assisted annealing of lattice defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xin
- Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany.
| | - Xueyin Ji
- Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany.
| | - Guido Grundmeier
- Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany.
| | - Adrian Keller
- Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany.
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20
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Wang M, Dai L, Duan J, Ding Z, Wang P, Li Z, Xing H, Tian Y. Programmable Assembly of Nano-architectures through Designing Anisotropic DNA Origami Patches. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:6389-6396. [PMID: 31960557 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Programmable assembly of nanoparticles (NPs) into well-defined architectures has attracted attention because of tailored properties resulting from coupling effects. However, general and precise approaches to control binding modes between NPs remain a challenge owing to the difficulty in manipulating the accurate positions of the functional patches on the surface of NPs. Here, a strategy is developed to encage spherical NPs into pre-designed octahedral DNA origami frames (DOFs) through DNA base-pairings. The DOFs logically define the arrangements of functional patches in three dimensions, owing to the programmability of DNA hybridization, and thus control the binding modes of the caged nanoparticle with designed anisotropy. Applying the node-and-spacer approach that was widely used in crystal engineering to design coordination polymers, patchy NPs could be rationally designed with lower symmetry encoded to assemble a series of nano-architectures with high-order geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Wang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.,State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
| | - Lizhi Dai
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.,State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jialin Duan
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ding
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zheng Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China.,School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Hang Xing
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Ye Tian
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.,State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.,Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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21
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Wang M, Dai L, Duan J, Ding Z, Wang P, Li Z, Xing H, Tian Y. Programmable Assembly of Nano‐architectures through Designing Anisotropic DNA Origami Patches. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Wang
- College of Engineering and Applied SciencesNational Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresJiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional MaterialsNanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life ScienceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringXiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 China
| | - Lizhi Dai
- College of Engineering and Applied SciencesNational Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresJiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional MaterialsNanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life ScienceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Jialin Duan
- National Facility for Protein Science in ShanghaiZhangjiang Lab Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Zhiyuan Ding
- College of Engineering and Applied SciencesNational Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresJiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional MaterialsNanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Engineering and Applied SciencesNational Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresJiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional MaterialsNanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Zheng Li
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringXiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 China
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringLudong University Yantai 264025 China
| | - Hang Xing
- Institute of Chemical Biology and NanomedicineState Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and ChemometricsHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical BiologyCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan University Changsha 410082 China
| | - Ye Tian
- College of Engineering and Applied SciencesNational Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresJiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional MaterialsNanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life ScienceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation CenterNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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22
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Kanayama N, Kishi S, Takarada T, Maeda M. Photo-switching of blunt-end stacking between DNA strands immobilized on gold nanoparticles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:14589-14592. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05085g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
End-to-end stacking of DNAs on gold nanoparticles was switched by terminal base pairing/unpairing triggered by the photo-isomerization of an azobenzene moiety nearby the DNA terminal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kanayama
- Bioengineering Laboratory
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research
- Wako
- Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Satomi Kishi
- Bioengineering Laboratory
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research
- Wako
- Japan
| | - Tohru Takarada
- Bioengineering Laboratory
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research
- Wako
- Japan
| | - Mizuo Maeda
- Bioengineering Laboratory
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research
- Wako
- Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine
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23
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Wang W, Yu S, Huang S, Bi S, Han H, Zhang JR, Lu Y, Zhu JJ. Bioapplications of DNA nanotechnology at the solid-liquid interface. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:4892-4920. [PMID: 31402369 PMCID: PMC6746594 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00402a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
DNA nanotechnology engineered at the solid-liquid interface has advanced our fundamental understanding of DNA hybridization kinetics and facilitated the design of improved biosensing, bioimaging and therapeutic platforms. Three research branches of DNA nanotechnology exist: (i) structural DNA nanotechnology for the construction of various nanoscale patterns; (ii) dynamic DNA nanotechnology for the operation of nanodevices; and (iii) functional DNA nanotechnology for the exploration of new DNA functions. Although the initial stages of DNA nanotechnology research began in aqueous solution, current research efforts have shifted to solid-liquid interfaces. Based on shape and component features, these interfaces can be classified as flat interfaces, nanoparticle interfaces, and soft interfaces of DNA origami and cell membranes. This review briefly discusses the development of DNA nanotechnology. We then highlight the important roles of structural DNA nanotechnology in tailoring the properties of flat interfaces and modifications of nanoparticle interfaces, and extensively review their successful bioapplications. In addition, engineering advances in DNA nanodevices at interfaces for improved biosensing both in vitro and in vivo are presented. The use of DNA nanotechnology as a tool to engineer cell membranes to reveal protein levels and cell behavior is also discussed. Finally, we present challenges and an outlook for this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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24
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Liu L, Li Z, Li Y, Mao C. Rational Design and Self-Assembly of Two-Dimensional, Dodecagonal DNA Quasicrystals. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:4248-4251. [PMID: 30827097 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b00843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Yulin Li
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
| | - Chengde Mao
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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