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Hu Z, Xie F, Yan Y, Lu H, Cheng J, Liu X, Li J. Research progress of flexible pressure sensor based on MXene materials. RSC Adv 2024; 14:9547-9558. [PMID: 38516165 PMCID: PMC10955273 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07772a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors overcome the limitations of traditional rigid sensors on the surface of the measured object, demonstrating broad application prospects in fields such as sports health and vital sign monitoring due to their excellent flexibility and comfort in contact with the body. MXene, as a two-dimensional material, possesses excellent conductivity and abundant surface functional groups. Simultaneously, MXene's unique layered structure and large specific surface area offer a wealth of possibilities for preparing sensing elements in combination with other materials. This article reviews the preparation methods of MXene materials and their performance indicators as sensing elements, discusses the controllable preparation methods of MXene materials and the impact of their physical and chemical properties on their functions, elaborates on the pressure sensing mechanism and evaluation mechanism of MXene materials. Starting from the four specific application directions: aerogel/hydrogel, ink printing, thin film/electronic skin, and fiber fabric, we introduce the research progress of MXene flexible pressure sensors from an overall perspective. Finally, a summary and outlook for developing MXene flexible pressure sensors are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Hu
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471000 China
| | - Feihu Xie
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471000 China
| | - Yangyang Yan
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471000 China
- Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute, China Shipbuilding Industry 725 Research Institute Luoyang 471000 China
| | - Hanjing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University Haikou 570100 China
| | - Ji Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University Haikou 570100 China
| | - Xiaoran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University Haikou 570100 China
| | - Jinghua Li
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471000 China
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University Haikou 570100 China
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2
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Zeng H, He Y, Zhao R, Li Z, Wang W, Yang M, Li P, Tao G, Sun J, Hou C. Intelligent health and sport: An interplay between flexible sensors and basketball. iScience 2024; 27:109089. [PMID: 38390495 PMCID: PMC10882167 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Basketball, as one of the most popular sports in the world, has millions of followers and massive economic value. Basketball evolves so fast that it requires teams with smarter strategies, better skills, and stronger players. However, the competition strategies and training methods in basketball are still experience-based, lacking precise data to drive for more efficient training and strategies. On the other hand, flexible sensors, as a new class of sensors, have been a hotspot for scientific research and widely applied in various fields. Due to their excellent characteristics of flexibility, wearing comfort, convenience, and response speed, integrating flexible sensors into basketball has the potential to greatly promote all aspects of the sport. This paper aims to bring more fusion between basketball and flexible sensors. In this perspective, we first perform a review of the history of sensing technologies in the basketball sport and discuss mechanisms of flexible sensors applied on basketball players. Then specific scenarios for flexible sensors applied in basketball were elaborated on in detail. Finally, we envision the potential applications of flexible sensors in basketball and present our views on future development directions. We hope this paper can depict how flexible sensing technology is integrated into basketball systems and point out the future development of basketball with the help of flexible sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Zeng
- School of Physical Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yu He
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ruolan Zhao
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhangcheng Li
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wen Wang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Maiping Yang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Pan Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guangming Tao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jingbo Sun
- School of Physical Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chong Hou
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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Pyun KR, Kwon K, Yoo MJ, Kim KK, Gong D, Yeo WH, Han S, Ko SH. Machine-learned wearable sensors for real-time hand-motion recognition: toward practical applications. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwad298. [PMID: 38213520 PMCID: PMC10776364 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Soft electromechanical sensors have led to a new paradigm of electronic devices for novel motion-based wearable applications in our daily lives. However, the vast amount of random and unidentified signals generated by complex body motions has hindered the precise recognition and practical application of this technology. Recent advancements in artificial-intelligence technology have enabled significant strides in extracting features from massive and intricate data sets, thereby presenting a breakthrough in utilizing wearable sensors for practical applications. Beyond traditional machine-learning techniques for classifying simple gestures, advanced machine-learning algorithms have been developed to handle more complex and nuanced motion-based tasks with restricted training data sets. Machine-learning techniques have improved the ability to perceive, and thus machine-learned wearable soft sensors have enabled accurate and rapid human-gesture recognition, providing real-time feedback to users. This forms a crucial component of future wearable electronics, contributing to a robust human-machine interface. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary covering materials, structures and machine-learning algorithms for hand-gesture recognition and possible practical applications through machine-learned wearable electromechanical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Rok Pyun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, South Korea
| | - Kangkyu Kwon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, South Korea
- IEN Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering, Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA30332, USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA30332, USA
| | - Myung Jin Yoo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, South Korea
| | - Kyun Kyu Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305, USA
| | - Dohyeon Gong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon-si16499, South Korea
| | - Woon-Hong Yeo
- IEN Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering, Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA30332, USA
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA30332, USA
| | - Seungyong Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon-si16499, South Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Ko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, South Korea
- Institute of Advanced Machinery and Design (SNU-IAMD), Seoul National University, Seoul08826, South Korea
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Yang M, Ye Z, Ren Y, Farhat M, Chen PY. Materials, Designs, and Implementations of Wearable Antennas and Circuits for Biomedical Applications: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2023; 15:26. [PMID: 38258145 PMCID: PMC10819388 DOI: 10.3390/mi15010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The intersection of biomedicine and radio frequency (RF) engineering has fundamentally transformed self-health monitoring by leveraging soft and wearable electronic devices. This paradigm shift presents a critical challenge, requiring these devices and systems to possess exceptional flexibility, biocompatibility, and functionality. To meet these requirements, traditional electronic systems, such as sensors and antennas made from rigid and bulky materials, must be adapted through material science and schematic design. Notably, in recent years, extensive research efforts have focused on this field, and this review article will concentrate on recent advancements. We will explore the traditional/emerging materials for highly flexible and electrically efficient wearable electronics, followed by systematic designs for improved functionality and performance. Additionally, we will briefly overview several remarkable applications of wearable electronics in biomedical sensing. Finally, we provide an outlook on potential future directions in this developing area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minye Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Spin Quantum Sensor Chips, Universities of Shaanxi Province, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; (Z.Y.); (Y.R.); (P.-Y.C.)
| | - Zhilu Ye
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; (Z.Y.); (Y.R.); (P.-Y.C.)
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi’an Key Laboratory for Biomedical Testing and High-end Equipment, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Yichong Ren
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; (Z.Y.); (Y.R.); (P.-Y.C.)
| | - Mohamed Farhat
- Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Pai-Yen Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; (Z.Y.); (Y.R.); (P.-Y.C.)
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Zhao K, Han J, Ma Y, Tong Z, Suhr J, Wang M, Xiao L, Jia S, Chen X. Highly Sensitive and Flexible Capacitive Pressure Sensors Based on Vertical Graphene and Micro-Pyramidal Dielectric Layer. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:701. [PMID: 36839069 PMCID: PMC9962134 DOI: 10.3390/nano13040701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Many practical applications require flexible high-sensitivity pressure sensors. However, such sensors are difficult to achieve using conventional materials. Engineering the morphology of the electrodes and the topography of the dielectrics has been demonstrated to be effective in boosting the sensing performance of capacitive pressure sensors. In this study, a flexible capacitive pressure sensor with high sensitivity was fabricated by using three-dimensional vertical graphene (VG) as the electrode and micro-pyramidal polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as the dielectric layer. The engineering of the VG morphology, size, and interval of the micro-pyramids in the PDMS dielectric layer significantly boosted the sensor sensitivity. As a result, the sensors demonstrated an exceptional sensitivity of up to 6.04 kPa-1 in the pressure range of 0-1 kPa, and 0.69 kPa-1 under 1-10 kPa. Finite element analysis revealed that the micro-pyramid structure in the dielectric layer generated a significant deformation effect under pressure, thereby ameliorating the sensing properties. Finally, the sensor was used to monitor finger joint movement, knee motion, facial expression, and pressure distribution. The results indicate that the sensor exhibits great potential in various applications, including human motion detection and human-machine interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jiemin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yifei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhaomin Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jonghwan Suhr
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Mei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Liantuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Suotang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xuyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, Department of Microsystems, University of Southeast Norway, 3184 Borre, Norway
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Lee J, Kim S, Park S, Lee J, Hwang W, Cho SW, Lee K, Kim SM, Seong TY, Park C, Lee S, Yi H. An Artificial Tactile Neuron Enabling Spiking Representation of Stiffness and Disease Diagnosis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201608. [PMID: 35436369 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical properties of biological systems provide useful information about the biochemical status of cells and tissues. Here, an artificial tactile neuron enabling spiking representation of stiffness and spiking neural network (SNN)-based learning for disease diagnosis is reported. An artificial spiking tactile neuron based on an ovonic threshold switch serving as an artificial soma and a piezoresistive sensor as an artificial mechanoreceptor is developed and shown to encode the elastic stiffness of pressed materials into spike frequency evolution patterns. SNN-based learning of ultrasound elastography images abstracted by spike frequency evolution rate enables the classification of malignancy status of breast tumors with a recognition accuracy up to 95.8%. The stiffness-encoding artificial tactile neuron and learning of spiking-represented stiffness patterns hold a great promise for the identification and classification of tumors for disease diagnosis and robot-assisted surgery with low power consumption, low latency, and yet high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junseok Lee
- Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- YU-KIST, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonjeong Kim
- Center for Neuromorphic Engineering, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Park
- Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesang Lee
- Center for Neuromorphic Engineering, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonseop Hwang
- Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Won Cho
- Center for Neuromorphic Engineering, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuho Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Mi Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Yeon Seong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolmin Park
- YU-KIST, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Suyoun Lee
- Center for Neuromorphic Engineering, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nano & Information Technology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34316, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Yi
- Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- YU-KIST, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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Shi Y, Lü X, Zhao J, Wang W, Meng X, Wang P, Li F. Flexible Capacitive Pressure Sensor Based on Microstructured Composite Dielectric Layer for Broad Linear Range Pressure Sensing Applications. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13020223. [PMID: 35208347 PMCID: PMC8880179 DOI: 10.3390/mi13020223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors have attracted a considerable amount of attention in various fields including robotics and healthcare applications, among others. However, it remains significantly challenging to design and fabricate a flexible capacitive pressure sensor with a quite broad linearity detection range due to the nonlinear stress–strain relation of the hyperelastic polymer-based dielectric material. Along these lines, in this work, a novel flexible capacitive pressure sensor with microstructured composite dielectric layer (MCDL) is demonstrated. The MCDL was prepared by enforcing a solvent-free planetary mixing and replica molding method, while the performances of the flexible capacitive pressure sensor were characterized by performing various experimental tests. More specifically, the proposed capacitive pressure sensor with 4.0 wt % cone-type MCDL could perceive external pressure loads with a broad detection range of 0–1.3 MPa, which yielded a high sensitivity value of 3.97 × 10−3 kPa−1 in a relative wide linear range of 0–600 kPa. Moreover, the developed pressure sensor exhibited excellent repeatability during the application of 1000 consecutive cycles and a fast response time of 150 ms. Finally, the developed sensor was utilized for wearable monitoring and spatial pressure distribution sensing applications, which indicates the great perspectives of our approach for potential use in the robotics and healthcare fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoguang Shi
- School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China; (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (W.W.); (X.M.)
| | - Xiaozhou Lü
- School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China; (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (W.W.); (X.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jihao Zhao
- School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China; (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (W.W.); (X.M.)
| | - Wenran Wang
- School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China; (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (W.W.); (X.M.)
| | - Xiangyu Meng
- School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China; (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (W.W.); (X.M.)
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China;
| | - Fan Li
- Key Laboratory of Flight Techniques and Flight Safety, CAAC, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan 618307, China;
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Pharino U, Sinsanong Y, Pongampai S, Charoonsuk T, Pakawanit P, Sriphan S, Vittayakorn N, Vittayakorn W. Influence of pore morphologies on the mechanical and tribo-electrical performance of polydimethylsiloxane sponge fabricated via commercial seasoning templates. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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He F, You X, Wang W, Bai T, Xue G, Ye M. Recent Progress in Flexible Microstructural Pressure Sensors toward Human-Machine Interaction and Healthcare Applications. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2001041. [PMID: 34927827 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202001041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid growth of artificial intelligence, wearable electronic devices have caught intensive research interest recently. Flexible sensors, as the significant part of them, have become the focus of research. Particularly, flexible microstructural pressure sensors (FMPSs) have attracted extensive attention because of their controllable shape, small size, and high sensitivity. Microstructures are of great significance to improve the sensitivity and response time of FMPSs. The FMPSs present great application prospects in medical health, human-machine interaction, electronic products, and so on. In this review, a series of microstructures (e.g., wave, pillar, and pyramid shapes) which have been elaborately designed to effectively enhance the sensing performance of FMPSs are introduced in detail. Various fabrication strategies of these FMPSs are comprehensively summarized, including template (e.g., silica, anodic aluminum oxide, and bionic patterns), pre-stressing, and magnetic field regulation methods. In addition, the materials (e.g., carbon, polymer, and piezoelectric materials) used to prepare FMPSs are also discussed. Moreover, the potential applications of FMPSs in human-machine interaction and healthcare fields are emphasized as well. Finally, the advantages and latest development of FMPSs are further highlighted, and the challenges and potential prospects of high-performance FMPSs are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faliang He
- Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Xingyan You
- Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Weiguo Wang
- Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Tian Bai
- Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Gaofei Xue
- Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Meidan Ye
- Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
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10
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Wang K, Lin F, Lai DTH, Gong S, Kibret B, Ali MA, Yuce MR, Cheng W. Soft gold nanowire sponge antenna for battery-free wireless pressure sensors. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:3957-3966. [PMID: 33570536 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07621j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed growing interest in developing soft wearable pressure sensors with the ultimate goal of transforming today's hospital-centered diagnosis to tomorrow's patient-centered bio-diagnosis. In this context, battery-free wireless antenna-based pressure sensors will be highly advantageous for ubiquitous real-time health monitoring. However, current wireless antennas are largely based on thin films from traditional bulk metallic films or novel nanomaterials with an air-cavity design, which can only be operated in a limited pressure range due to the rigidity of active films and/or inherent cavity dimensions. Herein we report a soft battery-free wireless pressure sensor that is based on a three-dimensional (3D) porous gold nanowire foam-elastomer composite and is fabricated by solution-based conformal electroless plating technology, followed by elastomer encapsulation. We observe a transducer trade-off point for our foam antenna, below which the inductive effect and capacitive effect function together and above which the capacitive effect dominates. When an external pressure is applied, initially the inductance and capacitance increase simultaneously but the capacitance decreases afterwards. This can be transformed into a variable resonant frequency that first decreases linearly and then increases (in the capacitance domination pressure range). Importantly, the linear detection range of the sensor can be tuned simply by adjusting the thickness of the sponge or the rigidity of the elastomer (PDMS). We can achieve a wide pressure range of 0-248 kPa, which is the largest linear detection range reported in the literature (typically from 0 to 30 kPa) to the best of our knowledge. As a proof of concept, we further demonstrated that our gold nanowire foam sensor can be used to weigh people under both static and dynamic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixuan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
| | - Fenge Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
| | - Daniel T H Lai
- College of Engineering and Science, Victoria University, Victoria 8001, Australia
| | - Shu Gong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
| | - Behailu Kibret
- Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Muhammad Arslan Ali
- Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Mehmet Rasit Yuce
- Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Wenlong Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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Xu H, Gao L, Wang Y, Cao K, Hu X, Wang L, Mu M, Liu M, Zhang H, Wang W, Lu Y. Flexible Waterproof Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors with Wide Linear Working Range Based on Conductive Fabrics. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2020; 12:159. [PMID: 34138142 DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abc69f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
HIGHLIGHTS The laser-engraved method was introduced to fabricate the electrode for the sensor. The sensor showed a wide linear working range, superior sensitivity, and fast response time and also exhibited excellent viability in a wet situation. Wireless integrated network sensors successfully monitored the health states. ABSTRACT Developing flexible sensors with high working performance holds intense interest for diverse applications in leveraging the Internet-of-things (IoT) infrastructures. For flexible piezoresistive sensors, traditionally most efforts are focused on tailoring the sensing materials to enhance the contact resistance variation for improving the sensitivity and working range, and it, however, remains challenging to simultaneously achieve flexible sensor with a linear working range over a high-pressure region (> 100 kPa) and keep a reliable sensitivity. Herein, we devised a laser-engraved silver-coated fabric as “soft” sensor electrode material to markedly advance the flexible sensor’s linear working range to a level of 800 kPa with a high sensitivity of 6.4 kPa−1 yet a fast response time of only 4 ms as well as long-time durability, which was rarely reported before. The integrated sensor successfully routed the wireless signal of pulse rate to the portable smartphone, further demonstrating its potential as a reliable electronic. Along with the rationally building the electrode instead of merely focusing on sensing materials capable of significantly improving the sensor’s performance, we expect that this design concept and sensor system could potentially pave the way for developing more advanced wearable electronics in the future. [Image: see text] ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL The online version of this article (10.1007/s40820-020-00498-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongcheng Xu
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China.
- CityU-Xidian Joint Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Manufacturing, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Libo Gao
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China.
- CityU-Xidian Joint Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Manufacturing, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuejiao Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- Nano-Manufacturing Laboratory (NML), Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Cao
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China
- CityU-Xidian Joint Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Manufacturing, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinkang Hu
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China
- CityU-Xidian Joint Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Manufacturing, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Wang
- Micro-/Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Mu
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China
- CityU-Xidian Joint Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Manufacturing, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Liu
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China
- CityU-Xidian Joint Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Manufacturing, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China
- CityU-Xidian Joint Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Manufacturing, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Wang
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China.
- CityU-Xidian Joint Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Manufacturing, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Lu
- CityU-Xidian Joint Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Manufacturing, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
- Nano-Manufacturing Laboratory (NML), Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, People's Republic of China.
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Xu H, Gao L, Wang Y, Cao K, Hu X, Wang L, Mu M, Liu M, Zhang H, Wang W, Lu Y. Flexible Waterproof Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors with Wide Linear Working Range Based on Conductive Fabrics. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2020; 12:159. [PMID: 34138142 PMCID: PMC7770928 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-020-00498-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Highlights The laser-engraved method was introduced to fabricate the electrode for the sensor. The sensor showed a wide linear working range, superior sensitivity, and fast response time and also exhibited excellent viability in a wet situation. Wireless integrated network sensors successfully monitored the health states. Abstract Developing flexible sensors with high working performance holds intense interest for diverse applications in leveraging the Internet-of-things (IoT) infrastructures. For flexible piezoresistive sensors, traditionally most efforts are focused on tailoring the sensing materials to enhance the contact resistance variation for improving the sensitivity and working range, and it, however, remains challenging to simultaneously achieve flexible sensor with a linear working range over a high-pressure region (> 100 kPa) and keep a reliable sensitivity. Herein, we devised a laser-engraved silver-coated fabric as “soft” sensor electrode material to markedly advance the flexible sensor’s linear working range to a level of 800 kPa with a high sensitivity of 6.4 kPa−1 yet a fast response time of only 4 ms as well as long-time durability, which was rarely reported before. The integrated sensor successfully routed the wireless signal of pulse rate to the portable smartphone, further demonstrating its potential as a reliable electronic. Along with the rationally building the electrode instead of merely focusing on sensing materials capable of significantly improving the sensor’s performance, we expect that this design concept and sensor system could potentially pave the way for developing more advanced wearable electronics in the future. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s40820-020-00498-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongcheng Xu
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China.
- CityU-Xidian Joint Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Manufacturing, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Libo Gao
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China.
- CityU-Xidian Joint Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Manufacturing, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuejiao Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- Nano-Manufacturing Laboratory (NML), Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Cao
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China
- CityU-Xidian Joint Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Manufacturing, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinkang Hu
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China
- CityU-Xidian Joint Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Manufacturing, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Wang
- Micro-/Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Mu
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China
- CityU-Xidian Joint Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Manufacturing, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Liu
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China
- CityU-Xidian Joint Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Manufacturing, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China
- CityU-Xidian Joint Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Manufacturing, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Wang
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China.
- CityU-Xidian Joint Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Manufacturing, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Lu
- CityU-Xidian Joint Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Manufacturing, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
- Nano-Manufacturing Laboratory (NML), Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, People's Republic of China.
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Tong R, Cai L, Chen G, Tian J, He M. Rapid preparation of highly transparent piezoresistive balls for optoelectronic devices. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:2771-2774. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08840g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Highly transparent piezoresistive balls are rapidly prepared for optoelectronic devices by photopolymerization of polymerizable deep eutectic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiping Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Ling Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Guangxue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Filtration and Wet Non-Woven Composites
| | - Junfei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Minghui He
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals
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Jung M, Vishwanath SK, Kim J, Ko DK, Park MJ, Lim SC, Jeon S. Transparent and Flexible Mayan-Pyramid-based Pressure Sensor using Facile-Transferred Indium tin Oxide for Bimodal Sensor Applications. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14040. [PMID: 31575874 PMCID: PMC6773852 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50247-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transparent and conducting flexible electrodes have been successfully developed over the last few decades due to their potential applications in optoelectronics. However, recent developments in smart electronics, such as a direct human-machine interface, health-monitoring devices, motion-tracking sensors, and artificially electronic skin also require materials with multifunctional properties such as transparency, flexibility and good portability. In such devices, there remains room to develop transparent and flexible devices such as pressure sensors or temperature sensors. Herein, we demonstrate a fully transparent and flexible bimodal sensor using indium tin oxide (ITO), which is embedded in a plastic substrate. For the proposed pressure sensor, the embedded ITO is detached from its Mayan-pyramid-structured silicon mold by an environmentally friendly method which utilizes water-soluble sacrificial layers. The Mayan-pyramid-based pressure sensor is capable of six different pressure sensations with excellent sensitivity in the range of 100 Pa-10 kPa, high endurance of 105 cycles, and good pulse detection and tactile sensing data processing capabilities through machine learning (ML) algorithms for different surface textures. A 5 × 5-pixel pressure-temperature-based bimodal sensor array with a zigzag-shaped ITO temperature sensor on top of it is also demonstrated without a noticeable interface effect. This work demonstrates the potential to develop transparent bimodal sensors that can be employed for electronic skin (E-skin) applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhyun Jung
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), School of Electrical Engineering, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujaya Kumar Vishwanath
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), School of Electrical Engineering, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Kim
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan, Chungchungnam-do 331-717, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Kwan Ko
- Department of Mechanical, Robotics and Energy Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Jin Park
- Department of Mechanical, Robotics and Energy Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Chul Lim
- Department of Mechanical, Robotics and Energy Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sanghun Jeon
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), School of Electrical Engineering, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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