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Li Y, Ding Y, Duan Y, Yang F, Xiong Y, Guo S. In Situ Formation of Compound Eye-like SAN-OSB Composite Microspheres by Melt-Blending Method: Enhancing Multiple-Scattering Effect. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2076. [PMID: 39065393 PMCID: PMC11281021 DOI: 10.3390/polym16142076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The preparation of novel structures of light-diffusing particles is currently a research focus in the field of light-diffusing materials. This study, conducted by the common melt-blending process, controlled thermodynamic and kinetic factors to distribute smaller-sized organic silica bead (OSB) particles at the interface between a polycarbonate (PC) matrix and spherical island-phase styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN) for the in situ formation of compound eye-like microspheres with SAN as "large eyes" and OSBs as "small eyes". Through the multiple-scattering effects of these compound eye-like microspheres, these light-diffusing materials significantly improved the haze, scattering range, and light-shielding capabilities while maintaining high transmittance. Specifically, the PC/SAN-OSB light-scattering materials achieved a haze of 100% with an OSB content of only 0.17%, maintaining a transmittance of 88%. Compared with the PC/OSB system with the same level of haze, the addition of OSB was reduced by 88%. Therefore, this study achieved exceptionally effective light-diffusing materials through a simple, environmentally friendly, and low-cost preparation method, suitable for the scalable production of light-diffusing materials in new display and lighting fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plastic/Rubber Complex Processing Technology, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yitong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China;
| | - Yuhao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plastic/Rubber Complex Processing Technology, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Fengying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plastic/Rubber Complex Processing Technology, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plastic/Rubber Complex Processing Technology, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shaoyun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plastic/Rubber Complex Processing Technology, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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2
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Xu M, Bian Z, Chen Q, Wang H, Chen C, Lu H. Polymeric microlens array formed on a discontinuous wetting surface using a self-assembly technique. APPLIED OPTICS 2024; 63:4380-4385. [PMID: 38856617 DOI: 10.1364/ao.518091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate a facile way to prepare polymeric microlens arrays (MLAs) based on a discontinuous wetting surface using a self-assembly technique. A patterned hydrophobic-octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) surface was prepared by U V/O 3 irradiation through a shadow mask. The area exposed to U V/O 3 irradiation turned highly hydrophilic, whereas the area protected by the mask remained highly hydrophobic, generating the patterned OTS surface. The surface energy of the OTS/glass surface changed from 23 to 72.8 mN/m after 17 min of U V/O 3 treatment. The scribing of the optical glue-NOA 81 onto the microhole array enabled one to obtain the MLAs due to the generation of the NOA 81 droplet array via the surface tension. After UV light curing, the cured NOA 81 droplet array with uniform dimensions within a large area exhibited excellent MLA characteristics. Moreover, the method developed in this study is simple in operation, low-cost, and requires neither a clean room nor expensive equipment.
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3
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Zhang S, Zhao L, Yu M, Guo J, Liu C, Zhu C, Zhao M, Huang Y, Zheng Y. Measurement Methods for Droplet Adhesion Characteristics and Micrometer-Scale Quantification of Contact Angle on Superhydrophobic Surfaces: Challenges and Opportunities. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:9873-9891. [PMID: 38695884 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
Inspired by nature, superhydrophobic surfaces have been widely studied. Usually the wettability of a superhydrophobic surface is quantified by the macroscopic contact angle. However, this method has various limitations, especially for precision micro devices with superhydrophobic surfaces, such as biomimetic artificial compound eyes and biomimetic water strider robots. These precision micro devices with superhydrophobic surfaces proposed a higher demand for the quantification of contact angles, requiring contact angle quantification technology to have micrometer-scale measurement capabilities. In this review, it is proposed to achieve micrometer-scale quantification of superhydrophobic surface contact angles through droplet adhesion characteristics (adhesion force and contact radius). Existing contact angle quantification techniques and droplet characteristics' measurement methods were described in detail. The advancement of micrometer-scale quantification technology for the contact angle of superhydrophobic surfaces will enhance our understanding of superhydrophobic surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingzhe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Meike Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinwei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuntian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Meirong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinguo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yelong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
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4
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Jing X, Li S, Zhu R, Ning X, Lin J. Miniature bioinspired artificial compound eyes: microfabrication technologies, photodetection and applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1342120. [PMID: 38433824 PMCID: PMC10905626 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1342120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
As an outstanding visual system for insects and crustaceans to cope with the challenges of survival, compound eye has many unique advantages, such as wide field of view, rapid response, infinite depth of field, low aberration and fast motion capture. However, the complex composition of their optical systems also presents significant challenges for manufacturing. With the continuous development of advanced materials, complex 3D manufacturing technologies and flexible electronic detectors, various ingenious and sophisticated compound eye imaging systems have been developed. This paper provides a comprehensive review on the microfabrication technologies, photoelectric detection and functional applications of miniature artificial compound eyes. Firstly, a brief introduction to the types and structural composition of compound eyes in the natural world is provided. Secondly, the 3D forming manufacturing techniques for miniature compound eyes are discussed. Subsequently, some photodetection technologies for miniature curved compound eye imaging are introduced. Lastly, with reference to the existing prototypes of functional applications for miniature compound eyes, the future development of compound eyes is prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Jing
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano and Ultra-precision Manufacturing, School of Mechatronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Shitao Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano and Ultra-precision Manufacturing, School of Mechatronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Rongxin Zhu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano and Ultra-precision Manufacturing, School of Mechatronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaochen Ning
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano and Ultra-precision Manufacturing, School of Mechatronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Jieqiong Lin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano and Ultra-precision Manufacturing, School of Mechatronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, China
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5
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Zhang S, Zhang G, Ding G, Liu Z, Wang B, Wu H, Wei G, Li J, Ye C, Yang S, Wang G. The Synergistic Effect on the Mimetic Optical Structure of Feline Eyes toward Household Health Monitoring of Acute and Chronic Diseases. ACS NANO 2024; 18:4944-4956. [PMID: 38301227 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
A breakthrough in the performance of bionic optical structures will only be achieved if we can obtain an in-depth understanding of the synergy mechanisms operating in natural optical structures and find ways to imitate them. In this work, inspired by feline eyes, an optical substrate that takes advantage of a synergistic effect that occurs between resonant and reflective structures was designed. The synergistic effect between the reflective and resonant components leads to a Raman enhancement factor (EF) of 1.16 × 107, which is much greater than that achieved using the reflective/resonant cavities on their own. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations and experimental results together confirm that the mechanism of this synergistic effect is achieved by realizing multiple reflections and repeated absorptions of light, generating a strong local electric field. Thus, a 2-3 order of magnitude increase in sensitivity could be achieved. More importantly, with the homemade centrifugal device, above optical substrates were further used to develop a rapidly highly sensitive household health monitoring system (detection time <3 min). It can thus be used to give early warning of acute diseases with high risk (e.g., acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and cerebral peduncle). Due to the good reusability and storability (9% and 8% reduction in EF after washing 30 times and 9 months of storage, respectively) of the substrates, the substrates thus reduce detection costs (to ∼$1), making them much cheaper to use than the current gold-standard methods (e.g., ∼$16 for gout detection).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhang
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
| | - Guanglin Zhang
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
| | - Guqiao Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
| | - Zhiduo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Bingkun Wang
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
| | - Huijuan Wu
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
| | - Genwang Wei
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Science and Material Design, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jipeng Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China
| | - Caichao Ye
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Science and Material Design, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Siwei Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
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6
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Wu W, Liao X, Wang L, Chen S, Zhuang J, Zheng Q. Rapid scanning method for SICM based on autoencoder network. Micron 2024; 177:103579. [PMID: 38154409 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2023.103579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy (SICM) enables non-destructive imaging of living cells, which makes it highly valuable in life sciences, medicine, pharmacology, and many other fields. However, because of the uncertainty retrace height of SICM hopping mode, the time resolution of SICM is relatively low, which makes the device fail to meet the demands of dynamic scanning. To address above issues, we propose a fast-scanning method for SICM based on an autoencoder network. Firstly, we cut under-sampled images into small image lists. Secondly, we feed them into a self-constructed primitive-autoencoder super-resolution network to compute high-resolution images. Finally, the inferred scanning path is determined using the computed images to reconstruct the real high-resolution scanning path. The results demonstrate that the proposed network can reconstruct higher-resolution images in various super-resolution tasks of low-resolution scanned images. Compared to existing traditional interpolation methods, the average peak signal-to-noise ratio improvement is greater than 7.5823 dB, and the average structural similarity index improvement is greater than 0.2372. At the same time, using the proposed method for high-resolution image scanning leads to a 156.25% speed improvement compared to traditional methods. It opens up possibilities for achieving high-time resolution imaging of dynamic samples in SICM and further promotes the widespread application of SICM in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Xiaobo Liao
- Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Jian Zhuang
- School of Mechan ical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Qiangqiang Zheng
- School of Mechan ical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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7
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Wang J, Zhou W, Liu Y, He G, Yang Y. Biomimetic Compound Eyes with Gradient Ommatidium Arrays. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:44503-44512. [PMID: 37675845 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Compound eyes are high-performing natural optical perception systems with compact configurations, generating extensive research interest. Existing compound eye systems are often combinations of simple uniform microlens arrays; there are still challenges in making more ommatidia on the compound eye surface to focus to the same plane. Here, a biomimetic gradient compound eye is presented by artificially mimicking dragonflies. The multiple replication process efficiently endows compound eyes with the gradient characteristics of dragonfly compound eyes. Experimental results show that the manufactured compound eye allows multifocus imaging by virtue of the gradient ommatidium array arranged closely in a honeycomb pattern while ensuring excellent optical properties and compact configurations. Thousands of ommatidia showing a gradient trend at the millimeter scale while remaining relatively uniform at the micron scale have gradient focal lengths ranging from 260 to 450 μm. This gradient compound eye allows more ommatidia to focus on the same plane than traditional uniform compound eyes, which have experimentally been shown to capture more than 1100 in-plane clear images simultaneously, promising potential applications in micro-optical devices, optical imaging, and biochemical sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- School of Physics & Technology, Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano- Structures of Ministry of Education, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Medicine and Physics, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Wuhan University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Wenna Zhou
- School of Physics & Technology, Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano- Structures of Ministry of Education, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Medicine and Physics, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Wuhan University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Yantong Liu
- School of Physics & Technology, Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano- Structures of Ministry of Education, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Medicine and Physics, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Wuhan University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Guoqing He
- School of Physics & Technology, Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano- Structures of Ministry of Education, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Medicine and Physics, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Wuhan University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Physics & Technology, Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano- Structures of Ministry of Education, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Medicine and Physics, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Wuhan University, Shenzhen 518000, China
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8
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Qi JY, Zhao ZY, Liu ZJ, Wang BX, Liu XQ. Integration of cross-scale milli/microlenses by ion beam etching and femtosecond laser modification. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:2752-2755. [PMID: 37186757 DOI: 10.1364/ol.489922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Integrated cross-scale milli/microlenses offer irreplaceable functions in modern integrated optics with the advantage of reducing the size of the optical system to millimeters or microns. However, the technologies for fabricating millimeter-scale lenses and microlenses are always incompatible, which makes the successful fabrication of cross-scale milli/microlenses with a controlled morphology challenging. Here, ion beam etching is proposed as a means to fabricate smooth millimeter-scale lenses on various hard materials. In addition, by combining femtosecond laser modification and ion beam etching, an integrated cross-scale concave milli/microlens (27,000 microlenses on a lens with a diameter of 2.5 mm) is demonstrated on fused silica, and can be used as the template for a compound eye. The results provide a new, to the best of our knowledge, route for the flexible fabrication of cross-scale optical components for modern integrated optical systems.
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Fang C, Xu W, Zhu L, Zhuang Y, Zhang D. Superhydrophobic and easy-to-clean full-packing nanopatterned microlens array with high-quality imaging. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:13601-13612. [PMID: 37157244 DOI: 10.1364/oe.485260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The high-quality imaging and easy cleaning property of microlens array (MLA) are two very important factors for its outdoor work. Herein, a superhydrophobic and easy-to-clean full-packing nanopatterned MLA with high-quality imaging is prepared by thermal reflow together with sputter deposition. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) images demonstrate that the sputter deposition method can improve 84% packing density of MLA prepared by thermal reflow to 100% and add nanopattern on the surface of microlens. The prepared full-packing nanopatterned MLA (npMLA) possess clear imaging with a significant increase of signal-to-noise ratio and higher transparency compared with the MLA prepared by thermal reflow. Besides for excellent optical properties, the full-packing surface displays a superhydrophobic property with a contact angle of 151.3°. Further, the full-packing contaminated by chalk dust become easier to be cleaned by nitrogen blowing and deionized water. As a result, the prepared full-packing is considered to be potential for various applications in the outdoor.
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10
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Xu M, Li S, Li J, Zhang L, Lu H. Fabrication of a bionic compound eye on a curved surface by using a self-assembly technique. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:30750-30759. [PMID: 36242173 DOI: 10.1364/oe.467657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microlens arrays on curved surfaces are regarded as critical elements of bionic compound eyes (BCEs), which exhibit the comparative advantages of a wide field of view and tracking fast-moving objects. However, the fabrication of a curved microlens array is still challenging. Along these lines, in this work, a straightforward, rapid, and low-cost technique for the fabrication of curved microlens arrays is reported by using the self-assembly technique. A reactive ion etching process treated the surface of the curved polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate to generate a hydrophobic-hydrophilic pattern. Then, the curved microlens array can be realized by dewetting a liquid glue onto the substrate using the dip-coating method and followed by crosslinking. The proposed BCE structure consists of 2400 microlenses (400 - µm diameter and 440 - µm center distance) arranged in a hexagonal configuration on a curved PDMS surface (34 - mm diameter and 40.4 - mm curvature radius). A field-of-view of 50° was demonstrated, which has potential applications in various fields including imaging sensors, medical diagnostics, machine vision systems, and photodetectors.
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11
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Tunable antireflective characteristics enabled by small yellow leafhopper-inspired soccer ball-shaped structure arrays. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Han S, Sung J, Ko B, Kwon M, Kim S, So H. A biomimetic compound eye lens for photocurrent enhancement at low temperatures. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2022; 17:046008. [PMID: 35504271 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/ac6c65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an artificial compound eye lens (ACEL) was fabricated using a laser cutting machine and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution. A laser cutter was used to punch micro-sized holes (500 μm diameter-the smallest possible diameter) into an acrylic plate; this punched plate was then placed on the aqueous PVA solution, and the water was evaporated. The plate was used as the mold to obtain a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) micro lens array film, which was fixed to a dome-shaped three-dimensional-printed mold for further PDMS curing, and a hemispherical compound eye lens was obtained. Using a gallium nitride (GaN) photodetector, a light detection experiment was performed with the ACEL, bare lens, and no lens by irradiating light at various angles under low temperatures. The photodetector with the ACEL generated a high photocurrent under several conditions. In particular, when the light was irradiated at 0° and below -20 °C, the photocurrent of the GaN sensor with the ACEL increased by 61% and 81% compared with the photocurrent of the GaN sensor with the bare lens and without a lens, respectively. In this study, a sensor for detecting light with ACEL was demonstrated in low-temperature environments, such as indoor refrigerated storages and external conditions in Antarctica and Arctic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghu Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaebum Sung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeongjo Ko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjun Kwon
- Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan 31056, Republic of Korea
| | - Sewon Kim
- Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan 31056, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongyun So
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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13
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Su S, Liang J, Li X, Xin W, Ye X, Xiao J, Xu J, Chen L, Yin P. Hierarchical Artificial Compound Eyes with Wide Field-of-View and Antireflection Properties Prepared by Nanotip-Focused Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:60625-60635. [PMID: 34886666 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Artificial compound eyes (ACEs) endowed with durable superhydrophobicity, wide field-of-view (FOV), and antireflection properties are extremely appealing in advanced micro-optical systems. However, the simple and high-efficiency fabrication of ACEs with these functions is still a major challenge. Herein, inspired by moth eyes, ACEs with hierarchical macro/micro/nano structures were fabricated using the combination of nanotip-focused electrohydrodynamic jet (NFEJ) printing and air-assisted deformation processes. The NFEJ printing enables the direct and maskless fabrication of hierarchical micro/nanolens arrays (M/NLAs) without intermediate steps. The introduction of M/NLAs on the eye surface significantly improves the water hydrophobic performance with a water contact angle of 161.1° and contact angle hysteresis (CAH) of 4.2° and generally decreases the reflectance by 51% in the wavelength range of 350-1600 nm in comparison to the macroeye without any structures. The contact angle remains almost unchanged, and the CAH slightly increases from 4.2° to 8.7° after water jet impact for 20 min, indicating a durable superhydrophobicity. Moreover, the results confirm that the durable superhydrophobic ACEs with antireflection properties exhibit excellent imaging quality and a large FOV of up to 160° without distortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Su
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Junsheng Liang
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiaojian Li
- Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wenwen Xin
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xushi Ye
- Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jianping Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams, Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Li Chen
- Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Penghe Yin
- Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Chen RY, Lai CJ, Chen YJ, Wu MX, Yang H. Omnidirectional / Unidirectional Antireflection-Switchable Structures Inspired by Dragonfly Wings. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 610:246-257. [PMID: 34923266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Randomly arranged irregular inclined conical structure-covered dragonfly wings, distinguished from periodic conical structure-covered cicada wings, are with high optical transparency for wide viewing angles. Bioinspired by the antireflective structures, we develop a colloidal lithography approach for engineering randomly arranged irregular conical structures with shape memory polymer-based tips. The structures establish a gradual refractive index transition to suppresses optical reflection in the visible spectrum. By manipulating the configuration of structure tips through applying common solvent stimulations or contact pressures under ambient conditions, the resulting unidirectional antireflection and omnidirectional antireflection performances are able to be instantaneously and reversibly switched. The dependences of structure shape, structure inclination, structure arrangement, and structure composition on the switchable antireflection capability are also systematically investigated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Yu Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Jui Lai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan
| | - You-Jie Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Xuan Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan
| | - Hongta Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan
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15
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Li J, Wang W, Zhu R, Huang Y. Stable Nonwetting Artificial Compound Eye with Low Adhesion. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:45040-45049. [PMID: 34496201 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microlens arrays (MLAs) are the key components of miniaturized optical systems. To meet the stringent requirements for their application in humid environments, achieving waterproof properties in these objects is an urgent task. It is noteworthy that conventional methods of microlens production usually sacrifice optical performance for stable superhydrophobicity by increasing the surface roughness of the microlens. In this paper, a large area artificial compound eye (ACE) is efficiently fabricated by combining photolithography and inkjet printing. The added micropillars separated the outside droplet from the microlens, and the water droplet was afterward suspended on the top of micropillars. Furthermore, the micropillars enabled superhydrophobicity (at a contact angle above 150°) and low surface adhesion (at a sliding angle of ∼2.8°) of the microlens without affecting its optical performance. Furthermore, when released from the height of 1 and 2 cm, the droplets were fully detached from the surface without sticking. The surface of the ACE was shown to have relatively stable nonwettability due to a small spacing between the micropillars. This means that tuning the morphology and spacing between micropillars allows one to noticeably improve the surface nonwettability stability. Finally, the performance of the fabricated optical system was demonstrated in a water washing experiment. Therefore, the findings of present study may open up the prospects for significant advancement in superhydrophobicity of the optical systems without affecting their imaging performance for real outdoor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Li
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Ruixiang Zhu
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yuxiang Huang
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
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16
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Li J, Wang W, Zhu R, Huang Y. Superhydrophobic Artificial Compound Eye with High Transparency. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:35026-35037. [PMID: 34255480 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Natural compound eyes have inspired the development of self-cleaning, waterproof, and antifog optical devices. However, the traditional methods generally sacrifice the transparency of optical units to introduce hydrophobicity, which significantly limits the practical applications of state-of-the-art hydrophobic technologies. This work aims to fabricate a microimaging system by combining photolithography, inkjet printing, and chemical growth. Herein, an artificial compound eye (ACE) is endowed with stable superhydrophobicity and high transparency without affecting its optical performance. The obtained ACE system possesses good static and dynamic dewetting properties along with excellent optical performance. Its static contact angle exceeds 160°, whereas the sliding angle and contact angle hysteresis values are ∼5.5° and ∼3.8°, respectively. Furthermore, the contact time is found to be 11.97 s for the Weber number of 12. The droplet undergoes a reversible process during compressing and stretching, and the ACE exhibits no adhesion under a pressure load of 4 mN. This proves that the introduction of nonwetting nanohairs on the sidewalls of the microcone arrays significantly improves the dynamic dewetting of the system. More importantly, the properly designed position of nanohairs ensures that the optical performance of ACE is maintained at a level of ∼95% compared to that of the bare glass. The superhydrophobic ACE exhibits low adhesion and great transparency. This rationally designed ACE may provide useful guidelines for fabrication of superhydrophobic optical devices with high transparency and enable potential applications in military, medical, and some outdoor activity fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Li
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Ruixiang Zhu
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yuxiang Huang
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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17
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Liu Q, Tan Y, Zhang R, Kang Y, Zeng G, Zhao X, Jiang T. Conformal Self-Assembly of Nanospheres for Light-Enhanced Airtightness Monitoring and Room-Temperature Gas Sensing. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1829. [PMID: 34361213 PMCID: PMC8308308 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The fabrication of conformal nanostructures on microarchitectures is of great significance for diverse applications. Here a facile and universal method was developed for conformal self-assembly of nanospheres on various substrates including convex bumps and concave holes. Hydrophobic microarchitectures could be transferred into superhydrophilic ones using plasma treatment due to the formation of numerous hydroxyl groups. Because of superhydrophilicity, the nanosphere suspension spread on the microarchitectures quickly and conformal self-assembly of nanospheres can be realized. Besides, the feature size of the conformal nanospheres on the substrates could be further regulated by plasma treatment. After transferring two-dimensional tungsten disulfide sheets onto the conformal nanospheres, the periodic nanosphere array was demonstrated to be able to enhance the light harvesting of WS2. Based on this, a light-enhanced room-temperature gas sensor with a fast recovery speed (<35 s) and low detecting limit (500 ppb) was achieved. Moreover, the WS2-covered nanospheres on the microarchitectures were very sensitive to the changes in air pressure due to the formation of suspended sheets on the convex bumps and concave holes. A sensitive photoelectronic pressure sensor that was capable of detecting the airtightness of vacuum devices was developed using the WS2-decorated hierarchical architectures. This work provides a simple method for the fabrication of conformal nanospheres on arbitrary substrates, which is promising for three-dimensional microfabrication of multifunctional hierarchical microarchitectures for diverse applications, such as biomimetic compound eyes, smart wetting surfaces and photonic crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qirui Liu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China; (Q.L.); (R.Z.); (Y.K.); (G.Z.)
| | - Yinlong Tan
- Beijing Institute for Advanced Study, National University of Defense Technology, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Renyan Zhang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China; (Q.L.); (R.Z.); (Y.K.); (G.Z.)
| | - Yan Kang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China; (Q.L.); (R.Z.); (Y.K.); (G.Z.)
| | - Ganying Zeng
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China; (Q.L.); (R.Z.); (Y.K.); (G.Z.)
| | - Xiaoming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing, College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China;
| | - Tian Jiang
- Beijing Institute for Advanced Study, National University of Defense Technology, Beijing 100000, China
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18
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Wang Z, Ding H, Liu D, Xu C, Li B, Niu S, Li J, Liu L, Zhao J, Zhang J, Mu Z, Han Z, Ren L. Large-Scale Bio-Inspired Flexible Antireflective Film with Scale-Insensitivity Arrays. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:23103-23112. [PMID: 33973761 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Natural creatures can always provide perfect strategies for excellent antireflection (AR), which is valuable for photovoltaic industry, optical devices, and flexible displays. However, limited by precision, it is still difficult to guarantee the consistency between the artificial structures and the original biological structures. Here, a novel large-scale flexible AR film is inspired by the cicada wings and successfully fabricated with a recycled template. On the one hand, the adjustable structures on porous templates make it possible to optimize the design of AR structure parameters toward the practical demand. On the other hand, it breaks the limitation of the biological organism size, accomplishing the replication of AR nanostructure units in a large scale. Interestingly, even if the film is covered by enlarged dome cone arrays, it still maintains almost perfect AR property, achieving excellent scale-insensitivity AR performance. This work numerically and experimentally investigates its scale-insensitivity AR performance in detail. Compared with subwavelength nanocones, enlarged cones change the original optical behaviors, and the proportion of transmitted light is reduced while scattering and absorption increase. Based on this, these bio-inspired scale-insensitivity AR arrays could be used in flexible displays, photothermic conversion, solar cells, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Hanliang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Delei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Conghao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Shichao Niu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jian Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Linpeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Junqiu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhengzhi Mu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhiwu Han
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Luquan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
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19
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Xia Z, Zhao Y, Yang Z, Yang C, Li L, Wang S, Wang M. The simulation of droplet impact on the super-hydrophobic surface with micro-pillar arrays fabricated by laser irradiation and silanization processes. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Qin B, Li X, Yao Z, Huang J, Liu Y, Wang A, Gao S, Zhou S, Wang Z. Fabrication of microlenses with continuously variable numerical aperture through a temporally shaped femtosecond laser. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:4596-4606. [PMID: 33771033 DOI: 10.1364/oe.411511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We developed a novel method for fabricating microlenses and microlens arrays by controlling numerical aperture (NA) through temporally shaped femtosecond laser on fused silica. The modification area was controlled through the pulse delay of temporally shaped femtosecond laser. The final radius and sag height were obtained through subsequent hydrofluoric acid etching. Electron density was controlled by the temporally shaped femtosecond laser, and the maximum NA value (0.65) of a microlens was obtained in the relevant studies with femtosecond laser fabrication. Furthermore, the NA can be continuously adjusted from 0.1 to 0.65 by this method. Compared with the traditional methods, this method exhibited high flexibility and yielded microlenses with various NAs and microlens arrays to meet the different demands for microlens applications.
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21
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Wang W, Yang W, Mei X, Li J, Sun X. Fabrication of self-aligning convergent waveguides of microlens arrays to collect and guide light. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:3327-3341. [PMID: 33770933 DOI: 10.1364/oe.413243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The optical properties of microlens arrays may be significantly affected by the optical crosstalk effect between adjacent lenses. Recently, this issue has triggered increasing attention in the scientific community. In this study, an integrated microlens array (MLA) consisting of self-aligning convergent waveguides of microlenses was fabricated. The optical crosstalk effect does not influence the performance of such system. Based on the self-focusing effect principle, self-writing of the waveguide array was achieved in a photosensitive polymer. The light collection and guiding performance of the MLA with and without thermal cross-linking treatment was analyzed in depth. The relation between the stray light and the filling rate of the MLA shows that a high filling rate decreases the optical crosstalk. Finally, an integrated MLA with a large area, high uniformity, and excellent optical performance was fabricated.
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22
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Su S, Liang J, Wang Z, Xin W, Li X, Wang D. Microtip focused electrohydrodynamic jet printing with nanoscale resolution. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:24450-24462. [PMID: 33300927 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08236h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrohydrodynamic jet (E-Jet) printing is a promising manufacturing technique for micro-/nano-patterned structures with high resolution, high efficiency and high material compatibility. However, further improvement of the necking ratio of the E-Jet is still limited by the focusing principle. Moreover, ink viscosity is limited to values well below 90 mPa s owing to the high probability of nozzle blockage. Here, we propose a microtip focused electrohydrodynamic jet (MFEJ) printing to overcome these limitations. This technique uses a solid microtip with a radius of curvature (ROC) of several micrometers rather than a hollow nozzle, which is very simple and highly efficient to prepare and can effectively avoid nozzle clogging problems even with high-viscosity printing ink. High-resolution patterns in diverse geometries were printed using different inks with a wide range of viscosities (8.4-3500 mPa s). Nanodroplets with an average diameter of 73 nm were achieved. Moreover, nanofibers with a diameter of 30 nm were obtained using a 4 μm ROC microtip and the necking ratio was as high as 266 : 1. To the best of our knowledge, this is the smallest droplet or fiber diameter directly obtained via E-Jet printing to date without further physical or chemical processing. This MFEJ printing technique can improve printing resolution at the nanoscale, significantly enlarge the material applicability and effectively avoid nozzle clogging for the fabrication of nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Su
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China.
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23
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Zandi Shafagh R, Shen JX, Youhanna S, Guo W, Lauschke VM, van der Wijngaart W, Haraldsson T. Facile Nanoimprinting of Robust High-Aspect-Ratio Nanostructures for Human Cell Biomechanics. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:8757-8767. [PMID: 35019647 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
High-aspect-ratio and hierarchically nanostructured surfaces are common in nature. Synthetic variants are of interest for their specific chemical, mechanic, electric, photonic, or biologic properties but are cumbersome in fabrication or suffer from structural collapse. Here, we replicated and directly biofunctionalized robust, large-area, and high-aspect-ratio nanostructures by nanoimprint lithography of an off-stoichiometric thiol-ene-epoxy polymer. We structured-in a single-step process-dense arrays of pillars with a diameter as low as 100 nm and an aspect ratio of 7.2; holes with a diameter of 70 nm and an aspect ratio of >20; and complex hierarchically layered structures, all with minimal collapse and defectivity. We show that the nanopillar arrays alter mechanosensing of human hepatic cells and provide precise spatial control of cell attachment. We speculate that our results can enable the widespread use of high-aspect-ratio nanotopograhy applications in mechanics, optics, and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Zandi Shafagh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joanne X Shen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sonia Youhanna
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Weijin Guo
- Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Tommy Haraldsson
- Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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24
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Li J, Wang W, Mei X, Pan A. Designable Ultratransparent and Superhydrophobic Surface of Embedded Artificial Compound Eye with Extremely Low Adhesion. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:53557-53567. [PMID: 33176099 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Real-world implementation of artificial compound eye (ACE) has been limited by its poor transparency and high requirement for the stable Cassie state. In general, the improvement of surface dewetting performance sacrifices the transparency of ACE. Herein, ACE was obtained by an integrated manufacturing technology that combined photolithography, microprinting, and chemical growth. Through skillful manipulation of the fabrication process, dewetting hairs were fabricated on the top of micropillars and around the microlens. The combination of nanohairs and micropillars resulted in outstanding superhydrophobicity (∼170°), pristine lotus effect with low sliding angle (∼1°), and contact angle hysteresis (∼2°). Moreover, the surface showed almost no adhesion under a preload of 4 mN, exhibiting excellent stable Cassie state and antiadhesion performance. Furthermore, dynamic impact showed that the impacting droplet was quickly detached from the surface (contact time ∼14.1 ms) without sticking for We = 60. The designed transparency resulted in high performance of optical unit (∼99%, bare glass for comparison). Moreover, ACE exhibited better focusing and imaging capability under larger aperture diameter than microlens without nanohairs. We envision that this research presents a significant advancement in imparting superhydrophobicity and transparency to a so-far inapplicable family of optical devices for many practical outdoor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xian 710054, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robots, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xian 710049, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xian 710054, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robots, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xian 710049, China
| | - Xuesong Mei
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xian 710054, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robots, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xian 710049, China
| | - Aifei Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xian 710054, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robots, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xian 710049, China
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25
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Wang M, Zhang D, Yang Z, Yang C, Tian Y, Liu X. A Contrastive Investigation on the Anticorrosive Performance of Stearic Acid and Fluoroalkylsilane-Modified Superhydrophobic Surface in Salt, Alkali, and Acid Solution. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:10279-10292. [PMID: 32787017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Stearic acid and fluoroalkylsilane are widely used in chemical modification to fabricate superhydrophobic surfaces in corrosion-resistant exploration. However, extensive works have just explored their anticorrosive performance in salt solution. Very rare work has focused on comparing their corrosion-resistant performance in corrosive solution (salt, alkali, and acid) systematically. In this study, two kinds of superhydrophobic surfaces were obtained on laser-processed rough IN304 surface after the stearic acid and FAS modification processes, respectively. The investigation and comparison of anticorrosion performance in salt, alkali, and acid electrolyte were carried out via potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. The promotion mechanism or impairing mechanism was further proposed based on the results of surface wettability, surface morphology, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Besides, the long-term anticorrosion performance and the stability of surface wettability were also investigated. It is hoped that these research findings could provide an explicit guidance of suitable anticorrosion methods selection for metals in different kinds of corrosive solution (salt, alkali, and acid), which will further raise the promising prospect of functional surfaces for practical applications in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300054, China
- Key Laboratory of Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design of Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300054, China
- Key Laboratory of Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design of Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300054, China
- Key Laboratory of Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design of Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Chengjuan Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300054, China
- Key Laboratory of Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design of Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanling Tian
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300054, China
- Key Laboratory of Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design of Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Xianping Liu
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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26
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Zhou P, Yu H, Zhong Y, Zou W, Wang Z, Liu L. Fabrication of Waterproof Artificial Compound Eyes with Variable Field of View Based on the Bioinspiration from Natural Hierarchical Micro-Nanostructures. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2020; 12:166. [PMID: 34138165 PMCID: PMC7770831 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-020-00499-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Planar and curved microlens arrays (MLAs) are the key components of miniaturized microoptical systems. In order to meet the requirements for advanced and multipurpose applications in microoptical field, a simple manufacturing method is urgently required for fabricating MLAs with unique properties, such as waterproofness and variable field-of-view (FOV) imaging. Such properties are beneficial for the production of advanced artificial compound eyes for the significant applications in complex microcavity environments with high humidity, for instance, miniature medical endoscopy. However, the simple and effective fabrication of advanced artificial compound eyes still presents significant challenges. In this paper, bioinspired by the natural superhydrophobic surface of lotus leaf, we propose a novel method for the fabrication of waterproof artificial compound eyes. Electrohydrodynamic jet printing was used to fabricate hierarchical MLAs and nanolens arrays (NLAs) on polydimethylsiloxane film. The flexible film of MLAs hybridized with NLAs exhibited excellent superhydrophobic property with a water contact angle of 158°. The MLAs film was deformed using a microfluidics chip to create artificial compound eyes with variable FOV, which ranged from 0° to 160°.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110169, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110169, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ya Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110169, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Wuhao Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110169, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhidong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
- Department of Advanced Robotics, Chiba Institute of Technology, Chiba, 275-0016, Japan
| | - Lianqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110169, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Li J, Wang W, Mei X, Hou D, Pan A, Liu B, Cui J. Fabrication of Artificial Compound Eye with Controllable Field of View and Improved Imaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:8870-8878. [PMID: 32011852 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b20740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Many arthropods have compound eyes, which are made up of numerous separate visual units (microlenses) or ommatidia. These natural compound eyes have exceptional optical properties such as wide field of view (FOV), low aberration, and fast motion tracking capability. In this paper, a large-scale artificial compound eye (ACE) is fabricated efficiently using a combination of inkjet printing and air-assisted deformation processes. Both size and geometry of the microlens are controlled via superposed drops on the substrate. The simulation results show that the light intensity of the ACE follows a systematic distribution for tilted incident light, which represents a significant improvement, compared to planar distributed microlenses. We then manufacture ACEs with different heights and diameters, and their FOVs are compared with the theoretically predicted results. The measured FOV was 50°-140°. The acceptance angles for the different ACEs are determined, and their relationship with the ratio of height to radius (H/r) of the microlens is investigated in more detail. Furthermore, the imaging properties of the microlenses with different angles of incidences are studied, which suggest a FOV up to 140° and an acceptance angle of about 50°. The microlens captures images even at an angle of incidence of about 60°. The corresponding distortion in both the x and y directions is also investigated. Our findings provide guidelines for the development and fabrication of ACEs with large FOVs and acceptance angles, which may find applications in military, robotics, medical imaging, and astronomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710054 , China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robots , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710054 , China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robots , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , China
| | - Xuesong Mei
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710054 , China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robots , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , China
| | - Dongxiang Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710054 , China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robots , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , China
| | - Aifei Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710054 , China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robots , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , China
| | - Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710054 , China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robots , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , China
| | - Jianlei Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710054 , China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robots , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , China
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