1
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Tanaka T, Matsumoto A, Klymchenko AS, Tsurumaki E, Ikenouchi J, Konishi G. Fluorescent Solvatochromic Probes for Long-Term Imaging of Lipid Order in Living Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309721. [PMID: 38468355 PMCID: PMC11077641 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
High-resolution spatio-temporal monitoring of the cell membrane lipid order provides visual insights into the complex and sophisticated systems that control cellular physiological functions. Solvatochromic fluorescent probes are highly promising noninvasive visualization tools for identifying the ordering of the microenvironment of plasma membrane microdomains. However, conventional probes, although capable of structural analysis, lack the necessary long-term photostability required for live imaging at the cellular level. Here, an ultra-high-light-resistant solvatochromic fluorescence probe, 2-N,N-diethylamino-7-(4-methoxycarbonylphenyl)-9,9-dimethylfluorene (FπCM) is reported, which enables live lipid order imaging of cell division. This probe and its derivatives exhibit sufficient fluorescence wavelengths, brightness, polarity responsiveness, low phototoxicity, and remarkable photostability under physiological conditions compared to conventional solvatochromic probes. Therefore, these probes have the potential to overcome the limitations of fluorescence microscopy, particularly those associated with photobleaching. FπCM probes can serve as valuable tools for elucidating mechanisms of cellular processes at the bio-membrane level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and EngineeringTokyo Institute of TechnologyTokyo152‐8552Japan
| | - Atsushi Matsumoto
- Department of BiologyFaculty of SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuoka819‐0395Japan
| | - Andery S. Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et PathologiesUMR 7021 CNRSUniversité de Strasbourg74 route du RhinIllkirch67401France
| | - Eiji Tsurumaki
- Department of ChemistryTokyo Institute of TechnologyTokyo152‐8552Japan
| | - Junichi Ikenouchi
- Department of BiologyFaculty of SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuoka819‐0395Japan
| | - Gen‐ichi Konishi
- Department of Chemical Science and EngineeringTokyo Institute of TechnologyTokyo152‐8552Japan
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2
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Zeng XY, Tang YQ, Zhou JX, Zhang K, Wang HY, Zhu YY, Li YQ, Tang JX. Extended Conjugation Strategy Enabling Red-Shifted and Efficient Emission of Orange-Red Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:16563-16572. [PMID: 38507218 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
In account of the energy gap law, the development of efficient narrow-band gap thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials remains a major challenge for the application of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The orange-red TADF materials are commonly designed with either large π-conjugated systems or strong intramolecular donor-acceptor (D-A) interactions for red-shift emission and small singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔEST). There are rare reports on the simultaneous incorporation of these two strategies on the same material systems. Herein, two orange-red emitters named 1P2D-BP and 2P2D-DQ have been designed by extending the conjugation degree of the center acceptor DQ and increasing the number distribution of the peripheral donor PXZ units, respectively. The emission peak of 1P2D-BP is red-shifted to 615 nm compared to 580 nm for 2P2D-DQ, revealing the pronounced effect of the conjugation extension on the emission band gap. In addition, the distorted molecular structure yields a small ΔEST of 0.02 eV, favoring the acquisition of a high exciton utilization through an efficient reverse intersystem crossing process. As a result, orange-red OLEDs with both 1P2D-BP and 2P2D-DQ have achieved an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of more than 17%. In addition, the efficient white OLED based on 1P2D-BP is realized through precise exciton assignment and energy transport modulation, showing an EQE of 23.6% and a color rendering index of 82. The present work provides an important reference for the design of high-efficiency narrow-band gap materials in the field of solid-state lighting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yi Zeng
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE), Faculty of Innovation Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa 999078, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yan-Qing Tang
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jing-Xiong Zhou
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE), Faculty of Innovation Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa 999078, Macao SAR, China
| | - Han-Yang Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yuan-Ye Zhu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yan-Qing Li
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jian-Xin Tang
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE), Faculty of Innovation Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa 999078, Macao SAR, China
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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3
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Le DL, Nguyen LA, Vo NB, Nguyen TTT, Ngo QA, Retailleau P, Nguyen TB. Sodium sulfide-promoted regiodefined redox condensation of o-nitroanilines with aryl ketones to benzo[ a]phenazines and quinoxalines. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:1167-1171. [PMID: 38226902 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob02028b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Inexpensive sodium sulfide trihydrate was found to promote unprecedented 6e-regio-predefined redox condensation of o-nitroanilines with α-tetralones to benzo[a]phenazines. The method was also successfully extended to acetophenones and higher homologs as reducing partners to provide 2-phenylquinoxalines. Compared to traditional approaches toward benzo[a]phenazine and quinoxaline cores starting with o-phenylenediamines, the present strategy could afford these heterocycles with well-defined regiochemistry based on the structure of starting o-nitroanilines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc Long Le
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam.
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Le Anh Nguyen
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam.
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Ngoc Binh Vo
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam.
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Thi Thu Tram Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Science, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam
| | - Quoc Anh Ngo
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Pascal Retailleau
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1, av de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Thanh Binh Nguyen
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1, av de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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4
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Kothavale S, Kim SC, Cheong K, Zeng S, Wang Y, Lee JY. Solution-Processed Pure Red TADF Organic Light-Emitting Diodes With High External Quantum Efficiency and Saturated Red Emission Color. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208602. [PMID: 36653735 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In spite of recent research progress in red thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters, highly efficient solution-processable pure red TADF emitters are rarely reported. Most of the red TADF emitters reported to date are designed using a rigid acceptor unit which renders them insoluble and unsuitable for solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). To resolve this issue, a novel TADF emitter, 6,7-bis(4-(bis(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)amino)phenyl)-2,3-bis(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)quinoxaline-5,8-dicarbonitrile (tBuTPA-CNQx) is designed and synthesized. The highly twisted donor-acceptor architecture and appropriate highest occupied molecular orbital/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital distribution lead to a very small singlet-triplet energy gap of 0.07 eV, high photoluminescence quantum yield of 92%, and short delayed fluorescence lifetime of 52.4 µs. The peripheral t-butyl phenyl decorated quinoxaline acceptor unit and t-butyl protected triphenylamine donor unit are proven to be useful building blocks to improve solubility and minimize the intermolecular interaction. The solution-processed OLED based on tBuTPA-CNQx achieves a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 16.7% with a pure red emission peak at 662 nm, which is one of the highest EQE values reported till date in the solution-processed pure red TADF OLEDs. Additionally, vacuum-processable OLED based on tBuTPA-CNQx exhibits a high EQE of 22.2% and negligible efficiency roll-off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantaram Kothavale
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Chan Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiun Cheong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Songkun Zeng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, P. R. China
| | - Yafei Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yeob Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16419, Republic of Korea
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16419, Republic of Korea
- SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16419, Republic of Korea
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5
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Nguyen LA, Nguyen TTT, Ngo QA, Nguyen TB. Sulfur‐Catalyzed Oxidative Condensation of Aryl Alkyl Ketones with o‐Phenylenediamines: Access to Quinoxalines. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Quoc Anh Ngo
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology VIET NAM
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6
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Yang H, Zhang M, Zhao J, Pu C, Lin H, Tao S, Zheng C, Zhang X. Improving Efficiency of Red Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitter by Introducing
Quasi‐Degenerate
Orbital Distribution. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao‐Yu Yang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu Sichuan 610054 China
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu Sichuan 610054 China
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Jue‐Wen Zhao
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu Sichuan 610054 China
| | - Chun‐Peng Pu
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu Sichuan 610054 China
| | - Hui Lin
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu Sichuan 610054 China
| | - Si‐Lu Tao
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu Sichuan 610054 China
| | - Cai‐Jun Zheng
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu Sichuan 610054 China
| | - Xiao‐Hong Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
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7
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Naveen KR, Prabhu Cp K, Braveenth R, Kwon JH. Molecular Design Strategy for Orange-red Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters in OLEDs. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103532. [PMID: 34918399 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Pure organic molecules based thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters have been successfully developed in recent years for their propitious application in highly efficient organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). In case of orange-red emitters, the non-radiative process is known to be a serious issue due to its lower lying singlet energy level. However, recent studies indicate that there are tremendous efforts put to develop efficient orange-red TADF emitters. And the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of heteroaromatic based orange-red TADF OLEDs surpassed 30%. Such heteroaromatic type emitters showed wide emission spectra, therefore more attention is being paid to develop highly efficient orange-red TADF emitters along with good color purity. Herein, we reviewed the recent progress of orange-red TADF emitters based on molecular structures such as cyano benzene, heteroaromatic, naphthalimide, and boron based acceptors. Further, our insight on these acceptors has been provided by their photophysical studies and device performances. Future perspectives of orange-red TADF emitters for real practical applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jang Hyuk Kwon
- Kyung Hee University, Department of Information Display, 26 Kyunghee-daero, Dongdaemun-gu, 130-701, Seoul, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
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8
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Cai Z, Wu X, Liu H, Guo J, Yang D, Ma D, Zhao Z, Tang BZ. Realizing Record-High Electroluminescence Efficiency of 31.5 % for Red Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:23635-23640. [PMID: 34459540 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tailor-made red thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules comprised of an electron-withdrawing pyrazino[2,3-f][1,10]phenanthroline-2,3-dicarbonitrile core and various electron-donating triarylamines are developed. They can form intramolecular hydrogen-bonding, which is conducive to improving emission efficiency and promoting horizontal orientation and show near infrared (NIR) emissions (692-710 nm) in neat films and red delayed fluorescence (606-630 nm) with high photoluminescence quantum yields (73-90%) in doped films. They prefer horizontal orientation with large horizontal dipole ratios in films, rendering high optical out-coupling factors (0.39-0.41). Their non-doped OLEDs exhibit NIR lights (716-748 nm) with maximum external quantum efficiencies (ηext,max ) of 1.0-1.9%. And their doped OLEDs radiate red lights (606-648 nm) and achieve record-beating ηext,max of up to 31.5%. These new red TADF materials should have great potentials in display and lighting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Dezhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Dongge Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zujin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China.,AIE Institute, Guangzhou Development District, Huangpu, Guangzhou, 510530, China
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9
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Cai Z, Wu X, Liu H, Guo J, Yang D, Ma D, Zhao Z, Tang BZ. Realizing Record‐High Electroluminescence Efficiency of 31.5 % for Red Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheyi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Xing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Dezhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Dongge Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Zujin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
- Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology School of Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Guangdong 518172 China
- AIE Institute Guangzhou Development District, Huangpu Guangzhou 510530 China
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10
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Balijapalli U, Lee Y, Karunathilaka BSB, Tumen‐Ulzii G, Auffray M, Tsuchiya Y, Nakanotani H, Adachi C. Tetrabenzo[
a
,
c
]phenazine Backbone for Highly Efficient Orange–Red Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence with Completely Horizontal Molecular Orientation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Umamahesh Balijapalli
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) and Department of Applied Chemistry Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Yi‐Ting Lee
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) and Department of Applied Chemistry Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Buddhika S. B. Karunathilaka
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) and Department of Applied Chemistry Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Ganbaatar Tumen‐Ulzii
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) and Department of Applied Chemistry Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Morgan Auffray
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) and Department of Applied Chemistry Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Youichi Tsuchiya
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) and Department of Applied Chemistry Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Hajime Nakanotani
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) and Department of Applied Chemistry Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research, (WPI-I2CNER) Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) and Department of Applied Chemistry Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research, (WPI-I2CNER) Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
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11
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Balijapalli U, Lee YT, Karunathilaka BSB, Tumen-Ulzii G, Auffray M, Tsuchiya Y, Nakanotani H, Adachi C. Tetrabenzo[a,c]phenazine Backbone for Highly Efficient Orange-Red Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence with Completely Horizontal Molecular Orientation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19364-19373. [PMID: 34155775 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Three thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules, namely PQ1, PQ2, and PQ3, are composed of electron-accepting (A) tetrabenzo[a,c]phenazine (TBPZ) and electron-donating (D) phenoxazine (PXZ) units are designed and characterized. The combined effects of planar acceptor manipulation and high steric hindrance between D and A units endow high molecular rigidity that suppresses nonradiative decay of the excitons with improved photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs). Particularly, the well-aligned excited states involving a singlet and a triplet charge-transfer excited states and a localized excited triplet state in PQ3 enhances the reverse intersystem crossing rate constant (kRISC ) with a short delay lifetime (τd ). The orange-red OLED based on PQ3 displays a maximum external EL quantum efficiency (EQE) of 27.4 % with a well-suppressed EL efficiency roll-off owing to a completely horizontal orientation of the transition dipole moment in the film state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umamahesh Balijapalli
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) and Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yi-Ting Lee
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) and Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Buddhika S B Karunathilaka
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) and Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ganbaatar Tumen-Ulzii
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) and Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Morgan Auffray
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) and Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Youichi Tsuchiya
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) and Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hajime Nakanotani
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) and Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research, (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) and Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research, (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
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12
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Khammultri P, Chasing P, Chitpakdee C, Namuangruk S, Sudyoadsuk T, Promarak V. Red to orange thermally activated delayed fluorescence polymers based on 2-(4-(diphenylamino)-phenyl)-9 H-thioxanthen-9-one-10,10-dioxide for efficient solution-processed OLEDs. RSC Adv 2021; 11:24794-24806. [PMID: 35481012 PMCID: PMC9037026 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04599g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Most highly efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF)-based organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are multi-layer devices fabricated by thermal vacuum evaporation techniques, which are unfavorable for real applications. However, there are only a few reported examples of efficient solution-processed TADF OLEDs, in particular TADF polymer OLEDs. Herein, a series of solution-processable TADF conjugated polymers (PCTXO/PCTXO-Fx (x = 25, 50 and 75)) were designed and synthesized by copolymerization of 2-(4-(diphenylamino)-phenyl)-9H-thioxanthen-9-one-10,10-dioxide (TXO-TPA) as a red/orange emissive TADF unit, 9,9'-((fluorene-9,9-diyl)-bis(octane-8,1-diyl))-bis(3,6-di-tert-butylcarbazole) as host/hole-transporting unit and 2,7-N-(heptadecan-9-yl)carbazole as a conjugated linker and solubilizing group. They possessed a conjugated backbone with donor TPA-carbazole/fluorene moieties and a pendent acceptor 9H-thioxanthen-9-one-10,10-dioxide (TXO) forming a twisted donor-acceptor structure. These polymers in neat films displayed red/orange color emissions (601-655 nm) with TADF properties, proved by theory calculations and transient PL decay measurements. Their hole-transporting capability was improved when the content of 9,9'-((fluorene-9,9-diyl)-bis(octane-8,1-diyl))-bis(3,6-di-tert-butylcarbazole) within the polymers increased. All polymers were successfully employed as emitters in solution-processed OLEDs. In particular, the doped OLED fabricated with PCTXO exhibited an intense deep orange emission at 603 nm with the best electroluminescence performance (a maximum external quantum efficiency 10.44%, a maximum current efficiency of 14.97 cd A-1 and a turn-on voltage of 4.2 V).
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Affiliation(s)
- Praetip Khammultri
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science & Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology Wangchan Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Pongsakorn Chasing
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science & Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology Wangchan Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Chirawat Chitpakdee
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
| | - Supawadee Namuangruk
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
| | - Taweesak Sudyoadsuk
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science & Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology Wangchan Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Vinich Promarak
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science & Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology Wangchan Rayong 21210 Thailand
- Research Network of NANOTEC-VISTEC on Nanotechnology for Energy, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology Wangchan Rayong 21210 Thailand
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13
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Ansari R, Shao W, Yoon SJ, Kim J, Kieffer J. Charge Transfer as the Key Parameter Affecting the Color Purity of Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:28529-28537. [PMID: 34106677 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The key factors determining the emission bandwidth of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) are investigated by combining computational and experimental approaches. To achieve high internal quantum efficiencies in a metal-free organic light-emitting diode via TADF, the first triplet (T1) to first singlet (S1) reverse intersystem crossing is promoted by configuring molecules in an electron donor-acceptor (D-A) alternation with a large dihedral angle, which results in a small energy gap (ΔEST) between S1 and T1 levels. This allows for effective non-radiative up-conversion of triplet excitons to singlet excitons that fluoresce. However, this traditional molecular design of TADF results in broad emission spectral bands (full-width at half-maximum = 70-100 nm). Despite reports suggesting that suppressing the D-A dihedral rotation narrows the emission band, the origin of emission broadening remains elusive. Indeed, our results suggest that the intrinsic TADF emission bandwidth is primarily determined by the charge transfer character of the molecule, rather than its propensity for rotational motion, which offers a renewed perspective on the rational molecular design of organic emitters exhibiting sharp emission spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Ansari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1382, United States
| | - Wenhao Shao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1382, United States
| | - Seong-Jun Yoon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1382, United States
| | - Jinsang Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1382, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1382, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1382, United States
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1382, United States
| | - John Kieffer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1382, United States
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14
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Efficient Red Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters Based on a Dibenzonitrile-Substituted Dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine Acceptor. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092427. [PMID: 33921941 PMCID: PMC8122472 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
How to construct efficient red-emitting thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials is a challenging task in the field of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Herein, an electron acceptor moiety, 3,6-DCNB-DPPZ, with high rigidity and strong acceptor strength was designed by introducing two cyanobenzene groups into the 3,6-positions of a dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine unit. A red-emitting compound, 3,6_R, has been designed and synthesized by combining the rigid acceptor unit with two triphenylamine donors. Due to high molecular rigidity and strong intramolecular charge transfer characteristic in donor–acceptor–donor skeleton, 3,6_R exhibited a red emission with a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 86% and distinct TADF nature with short delayed fluorescence lifetime of about 1 microsecond. Accordingly, the OLED using 3,6_R as the guest emitter gained a high external quantum efficiency of 12.0% in the red region with an electroluminescence peak of 619 nm and favorable Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage coordinates of (0.62, 0.38).
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15
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Liu H, Xue J, Wang S, Wu F, Zhao Y, Shen Z. Thermal switches between delayed fluorescence and persistent phosphorescence based on a keto-BODIPY electron acceptor. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:2030-2037. [PMID: 33595046 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02390f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new type of twisted donor-acceptor molecular material 3a and 3b containing carbazole as an electron donor and keto-BODIPY bearing keto-isoindolinyl and pyridyl subunits as an acceptor has been prepared and characterized. Chemical modifications at the meso-position of keto-BODIPY with a nitrogen atom and a cyano group enhance the electron withdrawing ability and cause the emission color change from blue to yellow and red. Steady-state absorption and emission spectra of the two compounds show a strong intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) character. Time-resolved emission spectra and transient decay curves of 3a and 3b show efficient delayed fluorescence with a lifetime of 12.64 μs for 3a and 16.59 μs for 3b at room temperature, whereas persistent phosphorescence with a lifetime of 576.65 ms for 3a and 273.76 ms for 3b was obviously detected at 77 K. These photophysical behaviors have been fully revealed via X-ray diffraction analysis and theoretical calculations, and thus attributed to the hybridized local and charge-transfer (HLCT) states and increased spin-orbital coupling (SOC) strength by mixed n → π* and π → π* transitions involving heteroatom lone pairs and the π-conjugated skeleton, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, P. R. China.
| | - Jiaying Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, P. R. China.
| | - Sisi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, P. R. China.
| | - Fan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, P. R. China.
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, P. R. China.
| | - Zhen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, P. R. China.
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16
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Hayashi K, Matsumoto A, Hirata S. Chiral approach to investigate mechanism of highly efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:1738-1741. [PMID: 33544108 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc08064k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A chiral chromophore with thermally activated delayed fluorescence characteristics is designed. A model describing vibrations of the dihedral angle between donor and acceptor units allowed at room temperature explains the enhanced fluorescence rate of the molecule, including a nearly 100% photoluminescence quantum yield and the absence of circularly polarized emission characteristics from enantiomers of the chromophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kikuya Hayashi
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan.
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17
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Yasui M, Hanaya K, Sugai T, Higashibayashi S. Metal-free thermal organocatalytic pinacol coupling of arylaldehydes using an isonicotinate catalyst with bis(pinacolato)diboron. RSC Adv 2021; 11:24652-24655. [PMID: 35481014 PMCID: PMC9036917 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04443e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The metal and light-free thermal organocatalytic pinacol coupling of arylaldehydes has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kengo Hanaya
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Keio University
- Tokyo 105-8512
- Japan
| | - Takeshi Sugai
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Keio University
- Tokyo 105-8512
- Japan
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