1
|
Le TD, Kim DS, Tran TV, Urupalli B, Shin GS, Oh GJ, Yu YT. Electronic Structure Engineering of Pt-Ni Alloy NPs by Coupling of Gold Single Atoms on N-Doped Carbon for Highly Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction and Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311971. [PMID: 38727202 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Improving the catalytic activity and durability of platinum-based alloy catalysts remains a formidable challenge in the context of renewable energy electrolysis applications. Herein, a facile and rapid photochemical deposition strategy for the synthesis of gold single atoms (Au SAs) anchored on N-doped carbon is presented. These Au SAs serve as a charge redistribution support for Pt-Ni alloy nanoparticles (PtNiNPs/AuSA-NDC), creating an extended electron-donating interface with Pt-Ni alloy sites. Consequently, the PtNiNPs/AuSA-NDC hybrid catalyst manifests exceptional catalytic performance and durability in both the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) under acidic conditions. Specifically, in ORR, it exhibits a half-wave potential (0.92 V vs RHE), with a mass activity 20.4 times superior to Pt/C at 0.9 V. In HER, PtNiNPs/AuSA-NDC demonstrates a notably reduced overpotential of 19.1 mV vs RHE at 10 mA cm-2 and a mass activity 38 times higher than Pt/C (at 0.25 mV). Furthermore, this hybrid catalyst displays outstanding durability, with only an 8.0 mV decay observed for ORR and a 6.9 mV decay for HER after 10 000 cycles. Theoretical calculations provide insight into the mechanism, demonstrating that isolated Au sites effectively modulate the electronic structure of Pt-Ni alloy sites, facilitating intermediate adsorption and enhancing reaction kinetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Duc Le
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Research Center for Advanced Materials Development, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea
| | - Dong-Seog Kim
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Research Center for Advanced Materials Development, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea
| | - Tuong Van Tran
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Research Center for Advanced Materials Development, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea
| | - Bharagav Urupalli
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Research Center for Advanced Materials Development, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea
| | - Gi-Seung Shin
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Research Center for Advanced Materials Development, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea
| | - Geun-Jae Oh
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Research Center for Advanced Materials Development, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea
| | - Yeon-Tae Yu
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Research Center for Advanced Materials Development, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li Y, Wen J, Wu S, Luo S, Ma C, Li S, Chen Z, Liu S, Tian B. Photocatalytic Conversion of Lignin Models into Functionalized Aromatic Molecules Initiated by the Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer Process. Org Lett 2024; 26:1218-1223. [PMID: 38319139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
A mild and efficient method for lignin β-O-4 cleavage and functionalization was achieved via photocatalysis. This protocol exhibits a broad scope of lignin models and excellent compatibility of functionalization reagents, constructing a series of functionalized lignin-based aromatic compounds. Highly selective formation of alkyl radical species through a proton-coupled electron transfer and β-scission process provides the opportunity to form new C-C and C-N bonds by reaction with electrophilic reagents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingya Wen
- Appraisal Center for Environment & Engineering, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100041, People's Republic of China
| | - Simeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujun Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Meng Y, Li J, Liu H, Wu H, Li H. Visible-light-mediated metal-free regioselective oxidative C-C bond cleavage of lignin dimers to aromatic acids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:1642-1645. [PMID: 38235970 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05958h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The upgrading of lignin is a sustainable and promising pathway for fossil-based aromatic compounds but always faces low selectivity. Herein, a metal-free photocatalyst, 2,4,6-triphenylpyrylium tetrafluoroborate (TPP), was illustrated to remarkably facilitate the regioselective oxidative Cα-Cβ bond cleavage of β-1 and β-O-4 lignin alcohol/ketone models into aromatic acids (92-99% yields) under visible-light irradiation at room temperature without any additive/co-catalyst, which was enabled by the synergistic effect of Cβ-H⋯C(TPP) interaction and·˙O2-/1O2 species. The synergy of the catalyst-substrate interaction and active species offers a reference for the enhancive and selective transformation of polymeric biomass and complex molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Meng
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, College of Pharmacy & Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.
| | - Jie Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, College of Pharmacy & Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.
| | - Huan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, College of Pharmacy & Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.
| | - Hongguo Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, College of Pharmacy & Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.
| | - Hu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, College of Pharmacy & Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li Y, Fu M, Zhang X, He C, Chen D, Xiong Y, Guo L, Tian S. Enhanced catalytic ozonation performance by CuO x nanoclusters/TiO 2 nanotube and an insight into the catalytic mechanism. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 651:589-601. [PMID: 37562301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.07.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Highly reactive nanoclusters of metal oxides are extremely difficult to be synthesized due to their thermodynamic instability. For the first time, CuOx nanoclusters supported on anatase TiO2 nanotubes (NT) with many defects as anchoring sites were successfully prepared. Although the copper loading reached as high as 2.5 %, the size of CuOx nanoclusters in the sample of 2.5 %CuOx/NT were mainly around 1.0 nm. The aggregation of copper species during the calcination process was undoubtedly hampered by the anchoring effects of the abundant defects in NT support. Due to the highly exposed undercoordinated atoms of CuOx nanoclusters, the mixed valences of copper, and the strong interface interaction between CuOx nanoclusters and NT support, 2.5 %CuOx/NT-catalyzed ozonation showed the highest pseudo-first-order reaction rate constant of 8.5 × 10-2 min-1, 2.2 and 4.0 times that of NT-catalyzed ozonation and ozonation alone, respectively. Finally, the catalytic mechanism was revealed by both experiments and density functional theory calculations (DFT). The results demonstrated that the undercoordinated Cu in CuOx/NT could highly promote the adsorption of ozone with a high adsorption energy of -125.16 eV and the adsorbed ozone was activated immediately, tending to dissociate into a O2 molecule and a surface O atom. Thus, abundant reactive oxygen species, e.g., hydroxyl radical (·OH), superoxide radical (·O2-) and singlet oxygen (1O2), could be generated via chain reactions. Especially, ·OH mainly contributed to the removal of ibuprofen pollutants. This work sheds a light on the design and preparation of highly reactive nanoclusters of metal oxide catalysts for catalytic ozonation of refractory organic pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Li
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Manqin Fu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Chun He
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, PR China
| | - Dingsheng Chen
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Air Pollution Control, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences (SCIES), Ministry of Ecology and Environmental (MEE), Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Ya Xiong
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, PR China
| | - Liqing Guo
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, PR China
| | - Shuanghong Tian
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ziwei W, Hao S, Yizhen C, Ben L, Yaowei X, Wanxia W, Kaiyue W, Mengheng L, Li G, Lei W. Thermal, photonic, and electrocatalysis in lignin depolymerization research. RSC Adv 2023; 13:32627-32640. [PMID: 37936635 PMCID: PMC10626394 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06880c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to realize a sustainable bio-based future, it is essential to fully harness the potential of biomass, including lignin - a readily available biopolymer that ranks second in abundance and serves as a renewable source of aromatics. While lignin has traditionally been used for lower-value applications like fuel and power generation, unlocking its higher-value potential through diverse conversion and upgrading techniques is of paramount importance. This review focuses on the catalytic conversion of lignin, with a specific emphasis on selective depolymerization, a process that not only supports economically and environmentally sustainable biorefineries but also aligns with Green Chemistry principles, mitigating adverse environmental impacts. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive discussion of reaction pathways and mechanisms, including C-O and C-C bond cleavage, among different catalysts. Lastly, we analyze and briefly discuss the prospects of rational catalyst design in biomass valorization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Ziwei
- China Tobacco Hubei Industrial Co., Ltd Wuhan 430040 China
- Hubei Xinye Reconstituted Tobacco Development Co., Ltd Wuhan 430056 China
- Applied Technology Research of Reconstituted Tobacco Hubei Province Key Laboratory Wuhan 430040 China
| | - Shu Hao
- China Tobacco Hubei Industrial Co., Ltd Wuhan 430040 China
- Hubei Xinye Reconstituted Tobacco Development Co., Ltd Wuhan 430056 China
- Applied Technology Research of Reconstituted Tobacco Hubei Province Key Laboratory Wuhan 430040 China
| | - Chen Yizhen
- China Tobacco Hubei Industrial Co., Ltd Wuhan 430040 China
- Hubei Xinye Reconstituted Tobacco Development Co., Ltd Wuhan 430056 China
- Applied Technology Research of Reconstituted Tobacco Hubei Province Key Laboratory Wuhan 430040 China
| | - Liu Ben
- China Tobacco Hubei Industrial Co., Ltd Wuhan 430040 China
- Hubei Xinye Reconstituted Tobacco Development Co., Ltd Wuhan 430056 China
- Applied Technology Research of Reconstituted Tobacco Hubei Province Key Laboratory Wuhan 430040 China
| | - Xu Yaowei
- China Tobacco Hubei Industrial Co., Ltd Wuhan 430040 China
- Hubei Xinye Reconstituted Tobacco Development Co., Ltd Wuhan 430056 China
- Applied Technology Research of Reconstituted Tobacco Hubei Province Key Laboratory Wuhan 430040 China
| | - Wang Wanxia
- China Tobacco Hubei Industrial Co., Ltd Wuhan 430040 China
- Hubei Xinye Reconstituted Tobacco Development Co., Ltd Wuhan 430056 China
- Applied Technology Research of Reconstituted Tobacco Hubei Province Key Laboratory Wuhan 430040 China
| | - Wang Kaiyue
- China Tobacco Hubei Industrial Co., Ltd Wuhan 430040 China
| | - Lei Mengheng
- China Tobacco Hubei Industrial Co., Ltd Wuhan 430040 China
- Hubei Xinye Reconstituted Tobacco Development Co., Ltd Wuhan 430056 China
- Applied Technology Research of Reconstituted Tobacco Hubei Province Key Laboratory Wuhan 430040 China
| | - Guo Li
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology Heping Avenue 947 Wuhan 430081 China +86-027-6886-2335
| | - Wang Lei
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology Wuhan 430068 China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Aboagye D, Djellabi R, Medina F, Contreras S. Radical-Mediated Photocatalysis for Lignocellulosic Biomass Conversion into Value-Added Chemicals and Hydrogen: Facts, Opportunities and Challenges. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202301909. [PMID: 37162030 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202301909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic biomass conversion into high-value chemicals and fuels is considered one of the hottest ongoing research and industrial topics toward sustainable development. In short, this process can cleave Cβ -O/Cα -Cβ bonds in lignin to aromatic platform chemicals, and further conversion of the polysaccharides to other platform chemicals and H2 . From the chemistry point of view, the optimization of the unique cooperative interplay of radical oxidation species (which are activated via molecular oxygen species, ROSs) and substrate-derived radical intermediates by appropriate control of their type and/or yield is key to the selective production of desired products. Technically, several challenges have been raised that face successful real-world applications. This review aims to discuss the recently reported mechanistic pathways toward selective biomass conversion through the optimization of ROSs behavior and materials/system design. On top of that, through a SWOT analysis, we critically discussed this technology from both chemistry and technological viewpoints to help the scientists and engineers bridge the gap between lab-scale and large-scale production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Aboagye
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ridha Djellabi
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Francesc Medina
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sandra Contreras
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Du X, Liu Y, Li H, Liu S, Shen X. Selective synthesis of meta-phenols from bio-benzoic acids via regulating the adsorption state. iScience 2023; 26:107460. [PMID: 37593461 PMCID: PMC10428116 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenols are important building blocks widely applied in many fields. The pronounced orientational effect of the phenolic hydroxyl group makes achieving selective synthesis of meta-phenols challenging. Accessing meta-phenols needs lengthy synthetic sequences. Herein, we first developed a heterogeneous CO2-mediated CeO2-5CuO catalyst for decarboxylative oxidation of benzoic acids with a more than 80% selectivity to meta-phenols. This technology is based on a traceless directing group relay method. The CeO2-CuO catalysts with different Ce/Cu ratios exhibited controllable reaction selectivity between decarboxylation and decarboxylative oxidation. Spectroscopy experiments and computational studies showed the adsorption state of benzoic acid was found to be crucial for subsequent reaction pathways. The moderate adsorption on CO2-mediated CeO2-5CuO catalyst contributes to the distinct selectivity of phenol. Furthermore, the paddlewheel intermediate facilitates the synthesis of meta-phenols from benzoic acids. This traceless directing group method would promote the development of useful one-pot meta-substituted phenols from bio-based benzoic acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinze Du
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yumei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Huixiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shenglin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiaojun Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xu J, Zhou Z, Liu M, Wang J, Zhang L. Photocatalytic depolymerization of lignin via oxidizing cleavage of C α-C β bonds in micellar aqueous media. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 245:125476. [PMID: 37353112 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic depolymerization of lignin to prepare high-value chemicals is a promising way to promote the valuable utilization of lignin. However, the complexity and stubbornness of lignin structure seriously decrease the photocatalytic efficiency and selectivity. Herein, the micellar aqueous media (SDS-8/HCl) consisting of sodium lauryl sulfonate and hydrochloric acid was successfully prepared. Photocatalyst TiO2 and SDS-8/HCl system can effectively depolymerize the typical β-1 lignin models and ethanol organosolv lignin to value-added chemicals by oxidizing cleavage of lignin Cα-Cβ bonds. The addition of hydrochloric acid solution (1 mol/L) improves the selectivity of photocatalytic breaking of lignin Cα-Cβ bonds. Chlorine ions are oxidized to chlorine radicals by photogenerated holes and hydroxyl radicals, dramatically increasing the photocatalytic efficiency. Electron paramagnetic resonance technique and Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to demonstrate the presence of chlorine radicals. Under optimal conditions, the conversion of substrate Dpol is 98.4 %, and the obtained products are mainly benzaldehyde and benzoic acid. Isotope labeling experiments show that water is also involved in photocatalytic reactions and the oxygen needed to form the product benzaldehyde comes from water. Single-electron transfer processes are possible photocatalytic mechanisms that differ from the previous reports. Importantly, water and chlorine ions were found to be involved in photocatalytic reactions for the first time and promote the cleavage of lignin Cα-Cβ bonds. This work provides new ideas for photocatalytic cleavage of lignin Cα-Cβ bonds in heterogeneous photocatalytic systems using micellar aqueous media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou, Anhui 239000, China.
| | - Zijie Zhou
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou, Anhui 239000, China
| | - Meng Liu
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou, Anhui 239000, China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou, Anhui 239000, China
| | - Lihui Zhang
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou, Anhui 239000, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cheng X, Palma B, Zhao H, Zhang H, Wang J, Chen Z, Hu J. Photoreforming for Lignin Upgrading: A Critical Review. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023:e202300675. [PMID: 37455297 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Photoreforming of lignocellulosic biomass to simultaneously produce gas fuels and value-added chemicals has gradually emerged as a promising strategy to alleviate the fossil fuels crisis. Compared to cellulose and hemicellulose, the exploitation and utilization of lignin via photoreforming are still at the early and more exciting stages. This Review systematically summarizes the latest progress on the photoreforming of lignin-derived model components and "real" lignin, aiming to provide insights for lignin photocatalytic valorization from fundamental to industrial applications. Considering the complexity of lignin physicochemical properties, related analytic methods are also introduced to characterize lignin photocatalytic conversion and product distribution. We finally put forward the challenges and perspective of lignin photoreforming, hoping to provide some guidance to valorize biomass into value-added chemicals and fuels via a mild photoreforming process in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Cheng
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, T2N 1N4, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bruna Palma
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, T2N 1N4, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Heng Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, T2N 1N4, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hongguang Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, T2N 1N4, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jiu Wang
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, T2N 1N4, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Zhangxin Chen
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, T2N 1N4, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jinguang Hu
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, T2N 1N4, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xu J, Yu T, Zhao G, Wang J. Enhancing oxidation ability of graphitic carbon nitride photocatalysts to promote lignin C α-C β bond cleavage in micellar aqueous media. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 236:124029. [PMID: 36924872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
As the most abundant aromatic resource, lignin is an appreciated biomass material to obtain aromatic high-value chemicals. However, the selective cleavage of lignin Cα-Cβ bonds under mild conditions constitutes a challenge. Herein, a photocatalyst having high oxidation capacity was successfully synthesized by codoping S and Cl atoms into graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4). The resulting S,Cl/CN-1.5 photocatalyst exhibits enhanced photogenerated electron-hole separation ability and higher valence band potential than g-C3N4. S,Cl/CN-1.5 can efficiently break lignin Cα-Cβ bonds in micellar aqueous medium to produce benzaldehyde and benzyl alcohol as the main products. Mechanism studies show that the photocatalytic cleavage of lignin Cα-Cβ bonds proceeds via single-electron transfer and Cβ radical mechanisms in which hydroxyl radicals and photogenerated holes play an important role. Isotopic experiments show that the O atoms required for the photocatalytic cleavage of lignin Cα-Cβ bonds come from water in the micellar aqueous medium based on the full contact between water and substrate. Although O2 atmosphere is beneficial for the photocatalytic efficiency, O2 is not necessary for the photocatalytic cleavage of lignin Cα-Cβ bonds. This research provides a useful guide for designing efficient photocatalysts to depolymerize lignin into high-value chemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou, Anhui 239000, China.
| | - Tao Yu
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou, Anhui 239000, China
| | - Ge Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou, Anhui 239000, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li P, Liu R, Zhao Z, Niu F, Hu K. Lignin C-C bond cleavage induced by consecutive two-photon excitation of a metal-free photocatalyst. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1777-1780. [PMID: 36722412 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06730g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic lignin valorization has caught widespread attention; yet the reaction systems often employ noble metal complexes, hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) agents, and/or sacrificial electron donors/acceptors that do not comply with atom economy or environmental friendliness. Herein, we discovered that N-phenylphenothiazine (PTH) as a metal-free photocatalyst induced the cleavage of the lignin Cα-Cβ bond under ambient conditions free of those additional agents with a high yield and selectivity toward benzoic acid. Transient spectroscopic investigations revealed that the energy-demanding Cα-Cβ bond cleavage was induced by the potent oxidant, 2PTH˙+*, that was derived from consecutive two-photon excitation of PTH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengju Li
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
| | - Zijian Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
| | - Fushuang Niu
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
| | - Ke Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang S, Jiang X, Jiang Y, Jiang C, Yao X. Hybridization of CuO with BiVO 4 as an Efficient and Stable Photocatalyst for Selective Cleavage of Lignin C–C Bonds. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c03595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sixue Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning530006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning530006, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning530006, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning530006, China
| | - Xueqin Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning530006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning530006, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning530006, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning530006, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou545006, China
| | - Chunli Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning530006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning530006, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning530006, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning530006, China
| | - Xingdong Yao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning530006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning530006, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning530006, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning530006, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Palma B, Cheng X, Liu L, Zhong N, Zhao H, Renneckar S, Larter S, Kibria M, Hu J. Visible‐light Driven Lignin Valorization into Value‐added Chemicals and Sustainable Hydrogen Using Zn1‐xCdxS Solid Solutions as Photocatalyst. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202200193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Palma
- University of Calgary Schulich School of Engineering Chemical and Petroleum Engineering CANADA
| | - Xi Cheng
- University of Calgary Chemical and Petroleum Engineering CANADA
| | - Liyang Liu
- The University of British Columbia Department of Wood Science CANADA
| | - Na Zhong
- University of Calgary Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering CANADA
| | - Heng Zhao
- University of Calgary Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 3535 Research RD NW T2L 2K8 Calgary CANADA
| | - Scott Renneckar
- The University of British Columbia Department of Wood Science CANADA
| | | | - Md Kibria
- University of Calgary Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering CANADA
| | - Jinguang Hu
- University of Calgary Chemical and Petroleum Engineering CANADA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xu J, Shi J, Wang J, Zhang L, Wang Y. Photocatalyst g-C3N4 for efficient cleavage of lignin C C bonds in micellar aqueous medium. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
|
15
|
Ku C, Guo H, Li K, Wu Q, Yan L. One-step fabrication of mesoporous sulfur-doped carbon nitride for highly selective photocatalytic transformation of native lignin to monophenolic compounds. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
16
|
Radical generation and fate control for photocatalytic biomass conversion. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:197-214. [PMID: 37117437 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00359-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Photocatalysis is an emerging approach for sustainable chemical production from renewable biomass under mild conditions. Active radicals are always generated as key intermediates, in which their high reactivity renders them versatile for various upgrading processes. However, controlling their reaction is a challenge, especially in highly functionalized biomass frameworks. In this Review, we summarize recent advanced photocatalytic systems for selective biomass valorization, with an emphasis on their distinct radical-mediated reaction patterns. The strategies for generating a specific radical intermediate and controlling its subsequent conversion towards desired chemicals are also highlighted, aiming to provide guidance for future studies. We believe that taking full advantage of the unique reactivity of radical intermediates would provide great opportunities to develop more efficient photocatalytic systems for biomass valorization.
Collapse
|
17
|
Huang X, Zhang K, Peng B, Wang G, Muhler M, Wang F. Ceria-Based Materials for Thermocatalytic and Photocatalytic Organic Synthesis. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiubing Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Function Materials for Molecule & Structure Construction, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, No. 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 10083, PR China
| | - Kaiyue Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Function Materials for Molecule & Structure Construction, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, No. 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 10083, PR China
| | - Baoxiang Peng
- Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34−36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Ge Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Function Materials for Molecule & Structure Construction, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, No. 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 10083, PR China
| | - Martin Muhler
- Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34−36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Platero F, López‐Martín A, Caballero A, Colón G. Mechanistic Considerations on the H
2
Production by Methanol Thermal‐assisted Photocatalytic Reforming over Cu/TiO
2
Catalyst. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202100680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Platero
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla Centro Mixto Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC Américo Vespucio s/n. 41092 Sevilla Spain
| | - Angeles López‐Martín
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla Centro Mixto Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC Américo Vespucio s/n. 41092 Sevilla Spain
| | - Alfonso Caballero
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla Centro Mixto Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC Américo Vespucio s/n. 41092 Sevilla Spain
| | - Gerardo Colón
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla Centro Mixto Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC Américo Vespucio s/n. 41092 Sevilla Spain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cui T, Ma L, Wang S, Ye C, Liang X, Zhang Z, Meng G, Zheng L, Hu HS, Zhang J, Duan H, Wang D, Li Y. Atomically Dispersed Pt-N 3C 1 Sites Enabling Efficient and Selective Electrocatalytic C-C Bond Cleavage in Lignin Models under Ambient Conditions. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9429-9439. [PMID: 34138542 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Selective cleavage of C-C linkages is the key and a challenge for lignin degradation to harvest value-added aromatic compounds. To this end, electrocatalytic oxidation presents a promising technique by virtue of mild reaction conditions and strong sustainability. However, the existing electrocatalysts (traditional bulk metal and metal oxides) for C-C bond oxidative cleavage suffer from poor selectivity and low product yields. We show for the first time that atomically dispersed Pt-N3C1 sites planted on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (Pt1/N-CNTs), constructed via a stepwise polymerization-carbonization-electrostatic adsorption strategy, are highly active and selective toward Cα-Cβ bond cleavage in β-O-4 model compounds under ambient conditions. Pt1/N-CNTs exhibits 99% substrate conversion with 81% yield of benzaldehyde, which is exceptional and unprecedented compared with previously reported electrocatalysts. Moreover, Pt1/N-CNTs using only 0.41 wt % Pt achieved a much higher benzaldehyde yield than those of the state-of-the-art bulk Pt electrode (100 wt % Pt) and commercial Pt/C catalyst (20 wt % Pt). Systematic experimental investigation together with density functional theory (DFT) calculation suggests that the superior performance of Pt1/N-CNTs arises from the atomically dispersed Pt-N3C1 sites facilitating the formation of a key Cβ radical intermediate, further inducing a radical/radical cross-coupling path to break the Cα-Cβ bond. This work opens up opportunities in lignin valorization via a green and sustainable electrochemical route with ultralow noble metal usage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lina Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shibin Wang
- Institute of Industrial Catalysis, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Chenliang Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zedong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ge Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lirong Zheng
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Han-Shi Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiangwei Zhang
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy & State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Haohong Duan
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dingsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yadong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Shang W, Li Y, Huang H, Lai F, Roeffaers MBJ, Weng B. Synergistic Redox Reaction for Value-Added Organic Transformation via Dual-Functional Photocatalytic Systems. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weike Shang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, No. 58, YanTa Road, Xi’an 710054, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuangang Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, No. 58, YanTa Road, Xi’an 710054, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haowei Huang
- cMACS, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Feili Lai
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten B. J. Roeffaers
- cMACS, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bo Weng
- cMACS, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Dong L, Xia J, Guo Y, Liu X, Wang H, Wang Y. Mechanisms of Caromatic-C bonds cleavage in lignin over NbOx-supported Ru catalyst. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
22
|
Li L, Dong L, Li D, Guo Y, Liu X, Wang Y. Hydrogen-Free Production of 4-Alkylphenols from Lignin via Self-Reforming-Driven Depolymerization and Hydrogenolysis. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Lin Dong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Didi Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yong Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yanqin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zheng M, Huang Y, Zhan LW, Hou J, Li BD. Visible-light-induced C-C bond cleavage of lignin model compounds with cyanobenziodoxolone. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
24
|
Xiang Z, Han W, Deng J, Zhu W, Zhang Y, Wang H. Photocatalytic Conversion of Lignin into Chemicals and Fuels. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:4199-4213. [PMID: 32329562 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Lignin, an underutilized component of lignocellulosic biomass, is regarded as a rich reservoir for the production of aromatic chemicals and fuels. Despite extensive research in recent years, lignin's potential is far from being fully unlocked. Photocatalysis that uses sustainable solar energy to drive lignin conversion under mild conditions has been identified as a promising strategy and received growing research interest. This review aims to present a critical introduction to the photocatalytic conversion of lignin, including a summary of lignin conversion pathways and mechanisms, as well as the latest cutting-edge innovations on photocatalyst design and reactor construction. Moreover, the screening of solvents and regulation of other key factors that are involved in photocatalytic lignin conversion are also elucidated and future perspectives and challenges for photocatalytic conversion of lignin into valuable products are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Xiang
- College of Biomass Sciences and Engineering/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wanying Han
- College of Biomass Sciences and Engineering/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jin Deng
- CAS Key Lab of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Wanbin Zhu
- College of Biomass Sciences and Engineering/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- CAS Key Lab of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- College of Biomass Sciences and Engineering/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Li X, Lin J, Li L, Huang Y, Pan X, Collins SE, Ren Y, Su Y, Kang L, Liu X, Zhou Y, Wang H, Wang A, Qiao B, Wang X, Zhang T. Controlling CO
2
Hydrogenation Selectivity by Metal‐Supported Electron Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 116023 Dalian China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 Beijing China
| | - Jian Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 116023 Dalian China
| | - Lin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 116023 Dalian China
| | - Yike Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 116023 Dalian China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 Beijing China
| | - Xiaoli Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 116023 Dalian China
| | - Sebastián E. Collins
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC) Universidad Nacional del Litoral CONICET Güemes 3450 S3000GLN Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Yujing Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 116023 Dalian China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 Beijing China
| | - Yang Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 116023 Dalian China
| | - Leilei Kang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 116023 Dalian China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 116023 Dalian China
| | - Yanliang Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 116023 Dalian China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 Beijing China
| | - Hua Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 116023 Dalian China
| | - Aiqin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 116023 Dalian China
| | - Botao Qiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 116023 Dalian China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 116023 Dalian China
| | - Tao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 116023 Dalian China
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 116023 Dalian China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Li X, Lin J, Li L, Huang Y, Pan X, Collins SE, Ren Y, Su Y, Kang L, Liu X, Zhou Y, Wang H, Wang A, Qiao B, Wang X, Zhang T. Controlling CO 2 Hydrogenation Selectivity by Metal-Supported Electron Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:19983-19989. [PMID: 32666637 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Tuning CO2 hydrogenation selectivity to obtain targeted value-added chemicals and fuels has attracted increasing attention. However, a fundamental understanding of the way to control the selectivity is still lacking, posing a challenge in catalyst design and development. Herein, we report our new discovery in ambient pressure CO2 hydrogenation reaction where selectivity can be completely reversed by simply changing the crystal phases of TiO2 support (anatase- or rutile-TiO2 ) or changing metal loadings on anatase-TiO2 . Operando spectroscopy and NAP-XPS studies reveal that the determining factor is a different electron transfer from metal to the support, most probably as a result of the different extents of hydrogen spillover, which changes the adsorption and activation of the intermediate of CO. Based on this new finding, we can not only regulate CO2 hydrogenation selectivity but also tune catalytic performance in other important reactions, thus opening up a door for efficient catalyst development by rational design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Lin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Yike Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Sebastián E Collins
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC), Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CONICET, Güemes 3450, S3000GLN, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Yujing Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Leilei Kang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Yanliang Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Aiqin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Botao Qiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, China.,State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Modulating oxygen coverage of Ti 3C 2T x MXenes to boost catalytic activity for HCOOH dehydrogenation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4251. [PMID: 32843636 PMCID: PMC7447762 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18091-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
As a promising hydrogen carrier, formic acid (HCOOH) is renewable, safe and nontoxic. Although noble-metal-based catalysts have exhibited excellent activity in HCOOH dehydrogenation, developing non-noble-metal heterogeneous catalysts with high efficiency remains a great challenge. Here, we modulate oxygen coverage on the surface of Ti3C2Tx MXenes to boost the catalytic activity toward HCOOH dehydrogenation. Impressively, Ti3C2Tx MXenes after treating with air at 250 °C (Ti3C2Tx-250) significantly increase the amount of surface oxygen atoms without the change of crystalline structure, exhibiting a mass activity of 365 mmol·g−1·h−1 with 100% of selectivity for H2 at 80 °C, which is 2.2 and 2.0 times that of commercial Pd/C and Pt/C, respectively. Further mechanistic studies demonstrate that HCOO* is the intermediate in HCOOH dehydrogenation over Ti3C2Tx MXenes with different coverages of surface oxygen atoms. Increasing the oxygen coverage on the surface of Ti3C2Tx MXenes not only promotes the conversion from HCOO* to CO2* by lowering the energy barrier, but also weakens the adsorption energy of CO2 and H2, thus accelerating the dehydrogenation of HCOOH. Developing non-noble-metal heterogeneous catalysts with high efficiency in HCOOH dehydrogenation is significant for the acquisition of hydrogen, but remains a great challenge. Here, the authors modulate oxygen coverage of Ti3C2Tx MXenes to boost the catalytic activity toward HCOOH dehydrogenation.
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
In recent decades, research on lignin depolymerization and its downstream product transformation has drawn an enormous amount of attention from academia to industry worldwide, aiming at harvesting aromatic compounds from this abundant and renewable biomass resource. Although the lignin conversion can be traced back to the 1930s and various noncatalytic and catalytic methods have been explored to depolymerize lignin via direct lignin conversion research or lignin models conversion studies, the complexity of the lignin structure, various linkages, the high stability of lignin bonds, and the diverse fragments condensation process make lignin depolymerization to monomers a highly challenging task. For the potential practical utilization of lignin, compared with lignin conversion to liquid fuel with extra H2 consumption, maintaining the aromatic structure and preparing high-value aromatic chemicals from renewable lignin is more profitable. Therefore, lignin depolymerization to easy-to-handle aromatic monomers with acceptable conversion and selectivity is of great importance. In this article, we present our recent studies on lignin's catalytic conversion to aromatic chemicals. First, we introduce our research on protolignin depolymerization via a fragmentation-hydrogenolysis process in alcohol solvents. Then, focusing on the catalytic cleavage of lignin C-C and C-O bonds, we shed light on a recapitulative adjacent functional group modification (AFGM) strategy for the conversion of lignin models. AFGM strategy begins with the adjacent functional group modification of the target C-C or C-O bond to directly decrease the bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE) of targeted bonds or generate new substrate sites to introduce the cleavage reagent for further conversion. Subsequently, on the basis of these two concepts from AFGM, we summarize our strategies on lignin depolymerization, which highlight the effects of lignin structure, catalyst character, and reaction conditions on the efficiency of strategies. In short, the key point for lignin depolymerization to aromatics is promoting the lignin conversion and restraining the condensation. Compared with the complex research on direct lignin conversion, this bottom-up research approach, beginning with lignin model research, can make the conversion mechanism study clear and provide potential methods for the protolignin/technical lignin conversion. In addition, one of our perspectives for lignin utilization is that the products from lignin conversion can be used as monomers for artificial polymerization, such as the simple phenol (PhOH) and other potential acid compounds, or that lignin derivative molecules can be used to synthesize high-value synthetic building blocks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaofeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wu X, Luo N, Xie S, Zhang H, Zhang Q, Wang F, Wang Y. Photocatalytic transformations of lignocellulosic biomass into chemicals. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:6198-6223. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00314j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights recent advances in photocatalytic transformations of lignocellulosic biomass (polysaccharides and lignin) into chemicals (in particular organic oxygenates).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols
- Ethers and Esters
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Nengchao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
| | - Shunji Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols
- Ethers and Esters
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Haikun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols
- Ethers and Esters
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Qinghong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols
- Ethers and Esters
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
| | - Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols
- Ethers and Esters
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Luo N, Hou T, Liu S, Zeng B, Lu J, Zhang J, Li H, Wang F. Photocatalytic Coproduction of Deoxybenzoin and H2 through Tandem Redox Reactions. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b03651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nengchao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Hou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Shiyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jianmin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Hongji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Liu H, Li H, Luo N, Wang F. Visible-Light-Induced Oxidative Lignin C–C Bond Cleavage to Aldehydes Using Vanadium Catalysts. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b03768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
| | - Hongji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Nengchao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wang M, Wang F. Catalytic Scissoring of Lignin into Aryl Monomers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1901866. [PMID: 31821648 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is an aromatic polymer, which is the biggest and most sustainable reservoir for aromatics. The selective conversion of lignin polymers into aryl monomers is a promising route to provide aromatics, but it is also a challenging task. Compared to cellulose, lignin remains the most poorly utilized biopolymer due to its complex structure. Although harsh conditions can degrade lignin, the aromatic rings are usually destroyed. This article comprehensively analyzes the challenges facing the scissoring of lignin into aryl monomers and summarizes the recent progress, focusing on the strategies and the catalysts to address the problems. Finally, emphasis is given to the outlook and future directions of this research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Redox-neutral photocatalytic strategy for selective C-C bond cleavage of lignin and lignin models via PCET process. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2019; 64:1658-1666. [PMID: 36659779 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
It remains challenging to achieve the selective cleavage of C-C bonds in lignin or lignin model compounds to produce aromatic products in high yield and selectivity. We have developed a redox-neutral photocatalytic strategy to accomplish this goal in both β-O-4 and β-1 lignin models at room temperature (RT) via proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) process without any pretreatments of substrate, by adjusting the alkalinity of base to obtain a lignin models/base PCET pair with a bond dissociation free energy close to 102 kcal/mol. Without breaking down Cβ-Cγ bond and any C-O bonds, this PCET method is 100% atom economy and produces exclusive Cα-Cβ bond cleavage products, such as benzaldehydes (up to 97%) and phenyl ethers (up to 96%), in high to excellent yields and selectivities. Preliminary studies indicated that the PCET strategy is also effective for the depolymerization of native lignin at RT, thus providing significantly important foundation to the depolymerization of lignin.
Collapse
|
34
|
Tsai Y, Chen C, Hsieh Y, Tsai M. Selective C
α
Alcohol Oxidation of Lignin Substrates Featuring a β‐O‐4 Linkage by a Dinuclear Oxovanadium Catalyst via Two‐Electron Redox Processes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan‐Ting Tsai
- Department of Chemistry National Sun Yat‐sen University 80424 Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Chih‐Yao Chen
- Department of Chemistry National Sun Yat‐sen University 80424 Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Yi‐Ju Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry National Sun Yat‐sen University 80424 Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Ming‐Li Tsai
- Department of Chemistry National Sun Yat‐sen University 80424 Kaohsiung Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Li T, Lin H, Ouyang X, Qiu X, Wan Z. In Situ Preparation of Ru@N-Doped Carbon Catalyst for the Hydrogenolysis of Lignin To Produce Aromatic Monomers. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianjin Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P.R China
| | - Hongfei Lin
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Xinping Ouyang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P.R China
| | - Xueqing Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P.R China
| | - Zechen Wan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P.R China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Li H, Subbotina E, Bunrit A, Wang F, Samec JSM. Functionalized spirolactones by photoinduced dearomatization of biaryl compounds. Chem Sci 2019; 10:3681-3686. [PMID: 30996963 PMCID: PMC6438148 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05476b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The idea of using biaryl structures to generate synthetic building blocks such as spirolactones is attractive because biaryl structures are abundant in biomass waste streams. However, the inertness of aromatic rings of biaryls makes it challenging to transform them into functionalized structures. In this work, we developed photoinduced dearomatization of nonphenolic biaryl compounds to generate spirolactones. We demonstrate that dearomatization can be performed via either aerobic photocatalysis or anaerobic photooxidation to tolerate specific synthetic conditions. In both pathways, dearomatization is induced by electrophilic attack of the carboxyl radical. The resulting spirodiene radical is captured by either oxygen or water in aerobic and anaerobic systems, respectively, to generate the spirodienone. These methods represent novel routes to synthesize spirolactones from the biaryl motif.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis (SKLC) , Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy (DNL) , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP) , Dalian 116023 , China .
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Elena Subbotina
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Stockholm University , SE-106 91 , Stockholm , Sweden .
| | - Anon Bunrit
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis (SKLC) , Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy (DNL) , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP) , Dalian 116023 , China .
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Stockholm University , SE-106 91 , Stockholm , Sweden .
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis (SKLC) , Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy (DNL) , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP) , Dalian 116023 , China .
| | - Joseph S M Samec
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Stockholm University , SE-106 91 , Stockholm , Sweden .
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhi P, Xi ZW, Wang DY, Wang W, Liang XZ, Tao FF, Shen RP, Shen YM. Vilsmeier–Haack reagent mediated synthetic transformations with an immobilized iridium complex photoredox catalyst. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj05288c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of amides, nitriles, and anhydrides via reactions under the action of the visible-light-driven in situ generated Vilsmeier–Haack reagent from CBr4 in DMF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Clean Dyeing and Finishing Technology of Zhejiang Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaoxing University
- Shaoxing
- P. R. China
| | - Zi-Wei Xi
- Key Laboratory of Clean Dyeing and Finishing Technology of Zhejiang Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaoxing University
- Shaoxing
- P. R. China
| | - Dan-Yan Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Civil Engineering
- Shaoxing University
- Shaoxing
- P. R. China
| | - Xue-Zheng Liang
- Key Laboratory of Clean Dyeing and Finishing Technology of Zhejiang Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaoxing University
- Shaoxing
- P. R. China
| | - Fei-Fei Tao
- Key Laboratory of Clean Dyeing and Finishing Technology of Zhejiang Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaoxing University
- Shaoxing
- P. R. China
| | - Run-Pu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Clean Dyeing and Finishing Technology of Zhejiang Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaoxing University
- Shaoxing
- P. R. China
| | - Yong-Miao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Clean Dyeing and Finishing Technology of Zhejiang Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaoxing University
- Shaoxing
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sivaguru P, Wang Z, Zanoni G, Bi X. Cleavage of carbon–carbon bonds by radical reactions. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:2615-2656. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00386f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This review provides insights into the in situ generated radicals triggered carbon–carbon bond cleavage reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paramasivam Sivaguru
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- China
| | - Zikun Wang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- China
| | | | - Xihe Bi
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhang J. Conversion of Lignin Models by Photoredox Catalysis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:3071-3080. [PMID: 29989337 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201801370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
One prominent goal of 21st century research is to develop a sustainable carbon-neutral biorefinery. Lignin is an important component of lignocellulosic biomass; however, it is currently underutilized owing to its highly cross-linked, complex, and randomly polymerized composition, which poses a significant challenge to its depolymerization and valorization. Chemical catalytic approaches based on transition metals represent the primary research area to drive degradation reactions. Recently, alternative photocatalytic strategies that employ sustainable solar energy to initiate the transformation of lignin have started to emerge. This Concept article examines new developments of photocatalyzed reactions and provides insight into C-O and C-C bond-cleavage reactions of lignin models in both homogeneous and heterogeneous systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Vangeel T, Schutyser W, Renders T, Sels BF. Perspective on Lignin Oxidation: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2018; 376:30. [PMID: 29974271 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-018-0207-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Lignin valorization has gained increasing attention over the past decade. Being the world's largest source of renewable aromatics, its valorization could pave the way towards more profitable and more sustainable lignocellulose biorefineries. Many lignin valorization strategies focus on the disassembly of lignin into aromatic monomers, which can serve as platform molecules for the chemical industry. Within this framework, the oxidative conversion of lignin is of great interest because it enables the formation of highly functionalized, valuable compounds. This work provides a brief overview and critical discussion of lignin oxidation research. In the first part, oxidative conversion of lignin models and isolated lignin streams is reviewed. The second part highlights a number of challenges with respect to the substrate, catalyst, and operating conditions, and proposes some future directions regarding the oxidative conversion of lignin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thijs Vangeel
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wouter Schutyser
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Renders
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bert F Sels
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wang M, Liu M, Li H, Zhao Z, Zhang X, Wang F. Dealkylation of Lignin to Phenol via Oxidation–Hydrogenation Strategy. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b00886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meijiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhitong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaochen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Liu H, Li H, Lu J, Zeng S, Wang M, Luo N, Xu S, Wang F. Photocatalytic Cleavage of C–C Bond in Lignin Models under Visible Light on Mesoporous Graphitic Carbon Nitride through π–π Stacking Interaction. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Hongji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Jianmin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
| | - Shu Zeng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
| | - Nengchao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Shutao Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wang M, Ma J, Liu H, Luo N, Zhao Z, Wang F. Sustainable Productions of Organic Acids and Their Derivatives from Biomass via Selective Oxidative Cleavage of C–C Bond. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b03790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis
(SKLC), Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy (DNL), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jiping Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis
(SKLC), Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy (DNL), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Huifang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis
(SKLC), Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy (DNL), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Nengchao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis
(SKLC), Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy (DNL), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhitong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis
(SKLC), Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy (DNL), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis
(SKLC), Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy (DNL), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhang C, Huang Z, Lu J, Luo N, Wang F. Generation and Confinement of Long-Lived N-Oxyl Radical and Its Photocatalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:2032-2035. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaofeng Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean
Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhipeng Huang
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean
Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianmin Lu
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean
Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Nengchao Luo
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean
Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feng Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean
Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian 116023, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Proctor AD, Panuganti S, Bartlett BM. CuWO4 as a photocatalyst for room temperature aerobic benzylamine oxidation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:1101-1104. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc07611h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We report the first example of a controlled photo-oxidation reaction on CuWO4, the aerobic oxidative coupling of benzylamine.
Collapse
|
46
|
Sharma M, Das B, Sharma M, Deka BK, Park YB, Bhargava SK, Bania KK. Pd/Cu-Oxide Nanoconjugate at Zeolite-Y Crystallite Crafting the Mesoporous Channels for Selective Oxidation of Benzyl-Alcohols. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:35453-35462. [PMID: 28933824 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b11086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state grinding of palladium and copper salts allowed the growth of palladium/copper oxide interface at the zeolite-Y surface. The hybrid nanostructured material was used as reusable heterogeneous catalyst for selective oxidation of various benzyl alcohols. The large surface area provided by the zeolite-Y matrix highly influenced the catalytic activity, as well as the recyclability of the synthesized catalyst. Impregnation of PdO-CuO nanoparticles on zeolite crystallite leads to the generation of mesoporous channel that probably prevented the leaching of the metal-oxide nanoparticles and endorsed high mass transfer. Formation of mesoporous channel at the external surface of zeolite-Y was evident from transmission electron microscopy and surface area analysis. PdO-CuO nanoparticles were found to be within the range of 2-5 nm. The surface area of PdO-CuO-Y catalyst was found to be much lower than parent zeolite-Y. The decrease in surface area as well as the presence of hysteresis loop in the N2-adsoprtion isotherm further suggested successful encapsulation of PdO-CuO nanoparticles via the mesoporous channel formation. The high positive shifting in binding energy in both Pd and Cu was attributed to the influence of zeolite-Y framework on lattice contraction of metal oxides via confinement effect. PdO-CuO-Y catalyst was found to oxidize benzyl alcohol with 99% selectivity. On subjecting to microwave irradiation the same oxidation reaction was found to occur at ambient condition giving same conversion and selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Sharma
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University , Tezpur, Assam, India , 784028
| | - Biraj Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University , Tezpur, Assam, India , 784028
| | - Mitu Sharma
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University , Tezpur, Assam, India , 784028
| | - Biplab K Deka
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology , Ulsan, Republic of Korea , 44919
| | - Young-Bin Park
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology , Ulsan, Republic of Korea , 44919
| | - Suresh K Bhargava
- School of Sciences, RMIT University , Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Kusum K Bania
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University , Tezpur, Assam, India , 784028
- School of Sciences, RMIT University , Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| |
Collapse
|