1
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Rina YA, Schmidt JAR. Alpha-metalated N, N-dimethylbenzylamine rare-earth metal complexes and their catalytic applications. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 38757291 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00826j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
This perspective summarizes our group's extensive research in the realm of organometallic lanthanide complexes, while also placing the catalytic reactions supported by these species within the context of known lanthanide catalysis worldwide, with a specific focus on phosphorus-based catalytic reactions such as intermolecular hydrophosphination and hydrophosphinylation. α-Metalated N,N-dimethylbenzylamine ligands have been utilized to generate homoleptic lanthanide complexes, which have subsequently proven to be highly active lanthanum-based catalysts. The main goal of our research program has been to enhance the catalytic efficiency of lanthanum-based complexes, which began with initial successes in the stoichiometric synthesis of organometallic lanthanide complexes and utilization of these species in catalytic hydrophosphination reactions. Not only have these species supported traditional lanthanide catalysis, such as the hydrophosphination of heterocumulenes like carbodiimides, isocyanates, and isothiocyanates, but they have also been effective for a plethora of catalytic reactions tested thus far, including the hydrophosphinylation and hydrophosphorylation of nitriles, hydrophosphination and hydrophosphinylation of alkynes and alkenes, and the heterodehydrocoupling of silanes and amines. Each of these catalytic transformations is meritorious in its own right, offering new synthetic routes to generate organic scaffolds with enhanced functionality while concurrently minimizing both waste generation and energy consumption. Objectives: We aim for the research summary presented herein to inspire and encourage other researchers to investigate f-element based stoichiometric and catalytic reactions. Our efforts in this field began with the recognition that potassium salts of benzyldimethylamine preferred deprotonation at the α-position, rather than the ortho-position, and we wondered if this regiochemistry would be retained in the formation of lanthanide complexes. The pursuit of this simple idea led first to a series of structurally fascinating homoleptic organometallic lanthanide complexes with surprisingly good stability. Fundamental studies of the protonolysis chemistry of these complexes ultimately revealed highly versatile lanthanide-based precatalysts that have propelled a catalytic investigation spanning more than a decade. We anticipate that this summative perspective will animate the synthetic as well as biological communities to consider La(DMBA)3-based catalytic methods in the synthesis of functionalized organic scaffolds as an atom-economic, convenient, and efficient methodology. Ultimately, we envision our work making a positive impact on the advancement of novel chemical transformations and contributing to progress in various fields of science and technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesmin Akter Rina
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft St. MS 602, Toledo, Ohio 43606-3390, USA.
| | - Joseph A R Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft St. MS 602, Toledo, Ohio 43606-3390, USA.
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2
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Belli RG, Muir V, Dyck NB, Pantazis DA, Sousa TPA, Slusar CR, Parkin HC, Rosenberg L. Exploring Electrophilic Hydrophosphination via Metal Phosphenium Intermediates. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302924. [PMID: 38242847 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Two Mo(0) phosphenium complexes containing ancillary secondary phosphine ligands have been investigated with respect to their ability to participate in electrophilic addition at unsaturated substrates and subsequent P-H hydride transfer to "quench" the resulting carbocations. These studies provide stoichiometric "proof of concept" for a proposed new metal-catalyzed electrophilic hydrophosphination mechanism. The more strongly Lewis acidic phosphenium complex, [Mo(CO)4(PR2H)(PR2)]+ (R=Ph, Tolp), cleanly hydrophosphinates 1,1-diphenylethylene, benzophenone, and ethylene, while other substrates react rapidly to give products resulting from competing electrophilic processes. A less Lewis acidic complex, [Mo(CO)3(PR2H)2(PR2)]+, generally reacts more slowly but participates in clean hydrophosphination of a wider range of unsaturated substrates, including styrene, indene, 1-hexene, and cyclohexanone, in addition to 1,1-diphenylethylene, benzophenone, and ethylene. Mechanistic studies are described, including stoichiometric control reactions and computational and kinetic analyses, which probe whether the observed P-H addition actually does occur by the proposed electrophilic mechanism, and whether hydridic P-H transfer in this system is intra- or intermolecular. Preliminary reactivity studies indicate challenges that must be addressed to exploit these promising results in catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman G Belli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700, STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, V8W 2Y2
| | - Vanessa Muir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700, STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, V8W 2Y2
| | - Nicholas B Dyck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700, STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, V8W 2Y2
| | - Dimitrios A Pantazis
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Tânia P A Sousa
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Carly R Slusar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700, STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, V8W 2Y2
| | - Hayley C Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700, STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, V8W 2Y2
| | - Lisa Rosenberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700, STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, V8W 2Y2
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3
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Seth DM, Waterman R. Photo-Initiated Radical Hydrophosphination at Titanium Compounds Capable of Ti–P Insertion. Organometallics 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.3c00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis M. Seth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, 82 University Pl, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
| | - Rory Waterman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, 82 University Pl, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
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4
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Reuter MB, Seth DM, Javier-Jiménez DR, Finfer EJ, Beretta EA, Waterman R. Recent advances in catalytic pnictogen bond forming reactions via dehydrocoupling and hydrofunctionalization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1258-1273. [PMID: 36648191 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06143k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
An examination of several catalytic reactions among the group 15 elements is presented. The connections between the chemistry of the pnictogens can sometimes be challenging, but aspects of metal-pnictogen reactivity are the key. The connecting reactivity comes from metal-catalyzed transformations such as dehydrocoupling and hydrofunctionalization. Pivotal mechanistic insights from E-N heterodehydrocoupling have informed the development of highly active catalysts for these reactions. Metal-amido nucleophilicity is often at the core of this reactivity, which diverges from phosphine and arsine dehydrocoupling. Nucleophilicity connects to the earliest understanding of hydrophosphination catalysis, but more recent catalysts are leveraging enhanced insertion activity through photolysis. This photocatalysis extends to hydroarsination, which may also have more metal-arsenido nucleophilicity than anticipated. However, metal-catalyzed arsinidene chemistry foreshadowed related phosphinidene chemistry by years. This examination shows the potential for greater influence of individual discoveries and understanding to leverage new advances between these elements, and it also suggests that the chemistry of heavier elements may have more influence on what is possible with lighter elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Reuter
- University of Vermont, Department of Chemistry, 82 University Place, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
| | - Dennis M Seth
- University of Vermont, Department of Chemistry, 82 University Place, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
| | - Diego R Javier-Jiménez
- University of Vermont, Department of Chemistry, 82 University Place, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
| | - Emma J Finfer
- University of Vermont, Department of Chemistry, 82 University Place, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
| | - Evan A Beretta
- University of Vermont, Department of Chemistry, 82 University Place, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
| | - Rory Waterman
- University of Vermont, Department of Chemistry, 82 University Place, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
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5
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Dannenberg SG, Seth DM, Finfer EJ, Waterman R. Divergent Mechanistic Pathways for Copper(I) Hydrophosphination Catalysis: Understanding That Allows for Diastereoselective Hydrophosphination of a Tri-substituted Styrene. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven G. Dannenberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405-0125, United States
| | - Dennis M. Seth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405-0125, United States
| | - Emma J. Finfer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405-0125, United States
| | - Rory Waterman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405-0125, United States
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6
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Nuñez Bahena E, Schafer LL. From Stoichiometric to Catalytic E–H Functionalization by Non-Metallocene Zirconium Complexes─Recent Advances and Mechanistic Insights. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erick Nuñez Bahena
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Laurel L. Schafer
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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7
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Lau S, Hood TM, Webster RL. Broken Promises? On the Continued Challenges Faced in Catalytic Hydrophosphination. ACS Catal 2022; 12:10939-10949. [PMID: 36082053 PMCID: PMC9442583 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
In this Perspective, we discuss what we perceive to be
the continued
challenges faced in catalytic hydrophosphination chemistry. Currently
the literature is dominated by catalysts, many of which are highly
effective, that generate the same phosphorus architectures, e.g.,
anti-Markovnikov products from the reaction of activated alkenes and
alkynes with diarylphosphines. We highlight the state of the art in
stereoselective hydrophosphination and the scope and limitations of
chemoselective hydrophosphination with primary phosphines and PH3. We also highlight the progress in the chemistry of the heavier
homologues. In general, we have tried to emphasize what is missing
from our hydrophosphination armament, with the aim of guiding future
research targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Lau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Thomas M. Hood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Ruth L. Webster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
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8
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Lapshin IV, Cherkasov AV, Lyssenko KA, Fukin GK, Trifonov AA. N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Coordinated M(II) (M = Yb, Sm, Ca) Bisamides: Expanding the Limits of Intermolecular Alkene Hydrophosphination. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:9147-9161. [PMID: 35679149 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of NHC-stabilized amido compounds (NHC)nM[N(SiMe3)2]2 (M = Yb(II), Sm(II), Ca(II); n = 1, 2) showed remarkable catalytic efficiency in addition of PhPH2 and PH3 to alkenes under mild conditions and low catalyst loading. The effect of σ-donor capacity of NHCs on catalytic activity in hydrophosphination of styrene with PhPH2 and PH3 was revealed. For the series of three-coordinate complexes 1-4M, a tendency to increase the catalytic activity with growth of σ-donating strength of the carbene ligand was clearly demonstrated. The complex (NHC)2Sm[N(SiMe3)2]2 (NHC = 1,3-diisopropyl-2H-imidazole-2-ylidene) (5Sm) proved to be the most efficient catalyst, which enabled hardly realizable transformations such as PhPH2 addition across internal C═C bonds of norbornene and cis- and trans-stilbenes, providing the highest reaction rate for addition of PH3 to styrene. Excellent regio- and chemoselectivities of alkylation of PH3 with styrenes allow for a selective and good-yield synthesis of desired organophosphines─either primary, secondary, or tertiary. Stepwise alkylation of PH3 with various substituted styrenes can be efficiently applied as an approach to nonsymmetric secondary phosphines. The rate equation of the addition of styrene to PH3 promoted by 5Sm was found: rate = k[styrene]1[5Sm]1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V Lapshin
- Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinina Street, GSP-445, Nizhny Novgorod 630950, Russia
| | - Anton V Cherkasov
- Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinina Street, GSP-445, Nizhny Novgorod 630950, Russia
| | - Konstantin A Lyssenko
- Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova Street, Moscow 119334, Russia.,Chemistry Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, GSP-1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Georgy K Fukin
- Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinina Street, GSP-445, Nizhny Novgorod 630950, Russia
| | - Alexander A Trifonov
- Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinina Street, GSP-445, Nizhny Novgorod 630950, Russia.,Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova Street, Moscow 119334, Russia
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9
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Belli RG, Yang J, Bahena EN, McDonald R, Rosenberg L. Mechanism and Catalyst Design in Ru-Catalyzed Alkene Hydrophosphination. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman G. Belli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700, STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700, STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Erick Nuñez Bahena
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700, STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Robert McDonald
- X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Lisa Rosenberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700, STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
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10
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Zhao Y, Rui J, Du Q, Chen R, Zhan Y, Zheng X, Wu X. Catalytic base-controlled regiodivergent heteronucleophilic hydrofunctionalization of β,γ-unsaturated amides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:9756-9759. [PMID: 34477183 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03440e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A general catalytic base-controlled regiodivergent nucleophilic hydrofunctionalization of both terminal and internal β,γ-unsaturated amides has been reported. The atom-economical addition of various S/P-based nucleophiles was also exclusively chemoselective. More than 60 branched or linear hetero-substituted aliphatic amides were synthesized from common starting materials under transition-metal-free conditions. Preliminary mechanistic studies are consistent with our proposed divergent catalytic cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Jiacheng Rui
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Qiang Du
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Rizhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ying Zhan
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Xintao Zheng
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Xiaojin Wu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
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11
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Petrone DA, Szkop KM, Miao L, St Onge P, Qu ZW, Grimme S, Stephan DW. A Primary Acyl Phosphine Stabilized by a Phosphonium Ylide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18547-18551. [PMID: 34125463 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Primary acyl-phosphines are scarce in the literature. Here we show that the reaction of Ph3 GePCO with the ylide Ph3 PCH2 proceeds to give the species Ph3 PCHC(O)PH(GePh3 ) 1. Deprotonation of 1 with Na[N(SiMe3 )2 ] generates the salt [Na(THF)2 ][Ph3 PCHC(O)P(GePh3 )] 2 which provides subsequent access to the bis-germanylated acylphosphine, Ph3 PCHC(O)P(GePh3 )2 3. Alternatively, treatment of 1 with HCl in dioxane affords the primary acylphosphine Ph3 PCHC(O)PH2 4. Compound 4 is a rare example of an air stable primary acyl-phosphines and the first devoid of a stabilizing heteroatom adjacent to the carbonyl fragment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Petrone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario, M5S3H6, Canada
| | - Kevin M Szkop
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario, M5S3H6, Canada
| | - Linkun Miao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario, M5S3H6, Canada
| | - Piers St Onge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario, M5S3H6, Canada
| | - Zheng-Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Douglas W Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario, M5S3H6, Canada
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12
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Petrone DA, Szkop KM, Miao L, St. Onge P, Qu Z, Grimme S, Stephan DW. A Primary Acyl Phosphine Stabilized by a Phosphonium Ylide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David A. Petrone
- Department of Chemistry University of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
| | - Kevin M. Szkop
- Department of Chemistry University of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
| | - Linkun Miao
- Department of Chemistry University of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
| | - Piers St. Onge
- Department of Chemistry University of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
| | - Zheng‐Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Beringstrasse 4 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Beringstrasse 4 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Douglas W. Stephan
- Department of Chemistry University of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
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13
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Varela-Izquierdo V, Geer AM, Navarro J, López JA, Ciriano MA, Tejel C. Rhodium Complexes in P-C Bond Formation: Key Role of a Hydrido Ligand. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:349-358. [PMID: 33356217 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Olefin hydrophosphanation is an attractive route for the atom-economical synthesis of functionalized phosphanes. This reaction involves the formation of P-C and H-C bonds. Thus, complexes that contain both hydrido and phosphanido functionalities are of great interest for the development of effective and fast catalysts. Herein, we showcase the excellent activity of one of them, [Rh(Tp)H(PMe3)(PPh2)] (1), in the hydrophosphanation of a wide range of olefins. In addition to the required nucleophilicity of the phosphanido moiety to accomplish the P-C bond formation, the key role of the hydride ligand in 1 has been disclosed by both experimental results and DFT calculations. An additional Rh-H···C stabilization in some intermediates or transition states favors the hydrogen transfer reaction from rhodium to carbon to form the H-C bond. Further support for our proposal arises from the poor activity exhibited by the related chloride complex [Rh(Tp)Cl(PMe3)(PPh2)] as well as from stoichiometric and kinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Varela-Izquierdo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana M Geer
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Janeth Navarro
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José A López
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel A Ciriano
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Cristina Tejel
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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14
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Yan J, Wang Y, Hou S, Shi L, Zhu X, Hao X, Song M. NCC Pincer Ni (II) Complexes Catalyzed Hydrophosphination of Nitroalkenes with Diphenylphosphine. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yan
- College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University No. 100 of Science Road Zhengzhou Henan 450001 P. R. China
| | - Yan‐Bing Wang
- College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University No. 100 of Science Road Zhengzhou Henan 450001 P. R. China
| | - Senyao Hou
- College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University No. 100 of Science Road Zhengzhou Henan 450001 P. R. China
| | - Linlin Shi
- College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University No. 100 of Science Road Zhengzhou Henan 450001 P. R. China
| | - Xinju Zhu
- College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University No. 100 of Science Road Zhengzhou Henan 450001 P. R. China
| | - Xin‐Qi Hao
- College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University No. 100 of Science Road Zhengzhou Henan 450001 P. R. China
| | - Mao‐Ping Song
- College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University No. 100 of Science Road Zhengzhou Henan 450001 P. R. China
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15
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Dannenberg SG, Waterman R. A bench-stable copper photocatalyst for the rapid hydrophosphination of activated and unactivated alkenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:14219-14222. [PMID: 33112298 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06570f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cu(acac)2 (1) is a highly active catalyst for the hydrophosphination of alkenes. Photocatalytic conditions are critical, and provide high conversions with unactivated substrates that have never before been reported with an air-stable catalyst or at ambient temperature. The commercial availability, ease of use, and broad substrate scope of compound 1 make hydrophosphination more available to synthetic chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven G Dannenberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405-0125, USA.
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16
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Lapshin IV, Cherkasov AV, Asachenko AF, Trifonov AA. Ln(II) amido complexes coordinated by ring-expanded N-heterocyclic carbenes - promising catalysts for olefin hydrophosphination. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:12913-12916. [PMID: 32969455 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05424k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
First Ln(ii) ring-expanded NHC complexes (er-NHC)Ln[N(SiMe3)2]2 (Ln = Sm, Yb) are synthesized and proved to be highly efficient pre-catalysts for the intermolecular hydrophosphination of such indolent substrates as 1-alkenes, cyclohexene and norbornene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V Lapshin
- Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinina str., GSP-445, 630950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Anton V Cherkasov
- Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinina str., GSP-445, 630950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Andrey F Asachenko
- Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova str., 119334, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A Trifonov
- Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinina str., GSP-445, 630950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. and Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova str., 119334, Moscow, Russia
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17
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Ziółkowska A, Szynkiewicz N, Pikies J, Ponikiewski Ł. Synthesis of compounds with C-P-P and C[double bond, length as m-dash]P-P bond systems based on the phospha-Wittig reaction. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:13635-13646. [PMID: 32975265 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02728f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A reactivity study of a β-diketiminate titanium(iii) phosphanylphosphido complex [MeNacNacTi(Cl){η2-P(SiMe3)-PtBu2}] (1) towards ketones such as benzophenone, 9-fluorenone, acetophenone, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone and cycloheptanone is reported. The reactions of 1 with aromatic ketones (without α-protons) directly lead to the Ti(iii) complex [MeNacNacTi(μ2-Cl)(OSiMe3)] (5) and Ti(iv) complexes with the pinacol condensation product [MeNacNacTi(OSiMe3)(η2-pinacolate)] (3), and phosphanylphosphaalkenes Ph2C[double bond, length as m-dash]P-PtBu2 (2) and (fluorenyl)C[double bond, length as m-dash]P-PtBu2 (6), respectively. The reaction with acetophenone leads to the titanium(iii) complex with the aldol condensation product as ligand [MeNacNacTi(Cl){OC{Me(Ph)}CH2(C[double bond, length as m-dash]O)Ph}] (8) and in parallel to phosphanylphosphaalkene (Ph)MeC[double bond, length as m-dash]P-PtBu2 (9) and 5. The reactions of 1 with cyclic ketones (cyclopentanone and cyclohexanone) lead to Ti(iii) complexes [{(ArN[double bond, length as m-dash]C(Me)CHC(Me)[double bond, length as m-dash]NAr)((CH2)4CO)}Ti(Cl){PtBu2-P(SiMe3)((CH2)4CO)}] (10) and [{(ArN[double bond, length as m-dash]C(Me)CHC(Me)[double bond, length as m-dash]NAr)((CH2)5CO)}Ti(Cl){PtBu2-P(SiMe3)((CH2)5CO)}] (11), which are formed via the successive insertion of two molecules of ketone to one molecule of 1. The stability investigation of complexes 10 and 11 in a polar solvent (THF) revealed that under these conditions, the complexes decompose, resulting in titanium(iii) complexes with aldol condensation products and the expected phosphanylphosphaalkenes (CH2)4C[double bond, length as m-dash]P-PtBu2 (10a) and (CH2)5C[double bond, length as m-dash]P-PtBu2 (11a). In the reaction of 1 with cycloheptanone, only the Ti(iii) complex with the aldol condensation product [MeNacNacTi(Cl){OC(CH2)6}CH(C[double bond, length as m-dash]O)(CH2)5] (12) was isolated. The structures 3, 5, 8, 10, 11, 11b and 12 were characterized by X-ray spectroscopy, while all the phosphanylphosphaalkenes were characterized by NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Ziółkowska
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Gabriela Narutowicza Str. 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
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18
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Sang X, Hu X, Tao R, Zhang Y, Zhu H, Wang D. A Zirconium Indazole Carboxylate Coordination Polymer as an Efficient Catalyst for Dehydrogenation‐Cyclization and Oxidative Coupling Reactions. Chempluschem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Sang
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Xinyu Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Rong Tao
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Yilin Zhang
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry West Virginia University Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045 United States
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Dawei Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 Jiangsu Province China
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19
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Đ PMN, Akhmedov NG, Petersen JL, Dolinar BS, Milsmann C. Photochemical synthesis of a zirconium cyclobutadienyl complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:5397-5400. [PMID: 32286584 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01104e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photolysis of (MePMPMe)2ZrBn2 (MePMPMe = 3,5-dimethyl-2-(2-pyridyl)pyrrolide) in the presence of diphenylacetylene yields the first η4-cyclobutadienyl zirconium complex, (MePMPMe)2Zr(η4-C4Ph4), through formal [2+2] cycloaddition of two alkynes at a putative low-valent zirconium intermediate. This unique reactivity expands the scope of alkyne coupling reactions at low-valent zirconium centers that traditionally produce zirconacyclopentadienes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Minh N Đ
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, 100 Prospect Street, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA.
| | - Novruz G Akhmedov
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, 100 Prospect Street, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA.
| | - Jeffrey L Petersen
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, 100 Prospect Street, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA.
| | - Brian S Dolinar
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, 100 Prospect Street, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA.
| | - Carsten Milsmann
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, 100 Prospect Street, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA.
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20
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Chadwick AC, Heckenast MA, Race JJ, Pringle PG, Sparkes HA. Self-Replication of Chelating Diphosphines via Pt(0)-Catalyzed Hydrophosphination. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ailis C. Chadwick
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Martin A. Heckenast
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - James J. Race
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Paul G. Pringle
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Hazel A. Sparkes
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
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21
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Cibuzar MP, Dannenberg SG, Waterman R. A Commercially Available Ruthenium Compound for Catalytic Hydrophosphination. Isr J Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201900070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Cibuzar
- Department of Chemistry University of Vermont, Burlington Vermont 05405-0125 United States
| | - Steven G. Dannenberg
- Department of Chemistry University of Vermont, Burlington Vermont 05405-0125 United States
| | - Rory Waterman
- Department of Chemistry University of Vermont, Burlington Vermont 05405-0125 United States
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22
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Waterman R. Triamidoamine-Supported Zirconium Compounds in Main Group Bond-Formation Catalysis. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:2361-2369. [PMID: 31386336 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The rationale to pursue long-term study of any system must be sound. Quick discoveries and emergent fields are more than temptations. They remind us to ask what are we gaining through continued study of any system. For triamidoamine-supported zirconium, there has been a great deal gained with yet more ahead. Initial study of the system taught much that is applied to catalysis. Cyclometalation of a trimethylsilyl substituent of the ancillary ligand, abbreviated (N3N) when not metalated for simplicity, via C-H bond activation is facile and highly reversible. It has allowed for the synthesis of a range of Zr-E bonds, which are of fundamental interest. More germane, cyclometalation has emerged as our primary product liberation step in catalysis. Cyclometalation also appears to be a catalyst resting state, despite how cyclometalation is a known deactivation step for many a compound in other circumstances. Catalysis with triamidoamine-supported zirconium has been rich. Rather than summarizing the breadth of reactions, a more detailed report on the dehydrocoupling of phosphines and hydrophosphination is provided. Both reactions demonstrate the outward impact that the study of (N3N)Zr-based catalysis has afforded. Dehydrocoupling catalysis, or bond formation via loss of hydrogen, is particular to 3p and heavier main group elements. The reaction has been important in the formation of E-E and E-E' bonds in the main group for molecular species and materials. While study of this reaction at (N3N)Zr compounds provides key insights into mechanism, discoveries in the area of P-P and Si-Si bond formation with (N3N)Zr derivatives as catalysts have greater reach than merely the synthesis of main group element containing products. For example, that work has informed design principles for the identification of catalysts that transfer low-valent fragments. The successful application of these principles was evident in the discovery of a catalyst that transfers phosphinidene ("PR") to unsaturated substrates. Hydrophosphination exhibits perfect atom economy in the formation of P-C bonds. The reaction can proceed without a catalyst, but the purpose of a catalyst is enhanced reactivity and selectivity. Nevertheless, significant challenges in this reaction remain. In particular, (N3N)Zr compounds have demonstrated high activity in hydrophosphination and readily utilize unactivated unsaturated organic molecules, challenging substrates for any heterofunctionalization reaction. This activity has led to not only impressive metrics in the catalysis but access to previously untouched substrates and formation of unique products. The particular properties of the (N3N)Zr system that engage in this reactivity may influence other heterofunctionalization reactions. The recently discovered photocatalytic hydrophosphination with (N3N)ZrPRR' compounds already appears to be general rather than unique and may drive additional bond formation catalysis among early transition-metal compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory Waterman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
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Novas BT, Bange CA, Waterman R. Photocatalytic Hydrophosphination of Alkenes and Alkynes Using Diphenylphosphine and Triamidoamine‐Supported Zirconium. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan T. Novas
- Department of Chemistry University of Vermont 82 University Pl., Burlington 05405 VT USA
| | - Christine A. Bange
- Department of Chemistry University of Vermont 82 University Pl., Burlington 05405 VT USA
| | - Rory Waterman
- Department of Chemistry University of Vermont 82 University Pl., Burlington 05405 VT USA
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Wang D, Chen Q, Leng X, Deng L. Reactions of Low-Coordinate Cobalt(0)–N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes with Primary Aryl Phosphines. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:15600-15609. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Xuebing Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Liang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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