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Shigetomi E, Sakai K, Koizumi S. Extracellular ATP/adenosine dynamics in the brain and its role in health and disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 11:1343653. [PMID: 38304611 PMCID: PMC10830686 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1343653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular ATP and adenosine are neuromodulators that regulate numerous neuronal functions in the brain. Neuronal activity and brain insults such as ischemic and traumatic injury upregulate these neuromodulators, which exert their effects by activating purinergic receptors. In addition, extracellular ATP/adenosine signaling plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases. Virtually every cell type in the brain contributes to the elevation of ATP/adenosine, and various mechanisms underlying this increase have been proposed. Extracellular adenosine is thought to be mainly produced via the degradation of extracellular ATP. However, adenosine is also released from neurons and glia in the brain. Therefore, the regulation of extracellular ATP/adenosine in physiological and pathophysiological conditions is likely far more complex than previously thought. To elucidate the complex mechanisms that regulate extracellular ATP/adenosine levels, accurate methods of assessing their spatiotemporal dynamics are needed. Several novel techniques for acquiring spatiotemporal information on extracellular ATP/adenosine, including fluorescent sensors, have been developed and have started to reveal the mechanisms underlying the release, uptake and degradation of ATP/adenosine. Here, we review methods for analyzing extracellular ATP/adenosine dynamics as well as the current state of knowledge on the spatiotemporal dynamics of ATP/adenosine in the brain. We focus on the mechanisms used by neurons and glia to cooperatively produce the activity-dependent increase in ATP/adenosine and its physiological and pathophysiological significance in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Shigetomi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
- Yamanashi GLIA Center, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Kent Sakai
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
- Yamanashi GLIA Center, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
- Yamanashi GLIA Center, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
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2
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Ma P, Miao X, Li M, Kong X, Jiang Y, Wang P, Zhang P, Shang P, Chen Y, Zhou X, Wang W, Zhang Q, Liu H, Feng F. Lung proteomics combined with metabolomics reveals molecular characteristics of inflammation-related lung tumorigenesis induced by B(a)P and LPS. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:2915-2925. [PMID: 37551664 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory microenvironment may take a promoting role in lung tumorigenesis. However, the molecular characteristics underlying inflammation-related lung cancer remains unknown. In this work, the inflammation-related lung tumorigenesis mouse model was established by treated with B(a)P (1 mg/mouse, once a week for 4 weeks), followed by LPS (2.5 μg/mouse, once every 3 weeks for five times), the mice were sacrificed 30 weeks after exposure. TMT-labeled quantitative proteomics and untargeted metabolomics were used to interrogate differentially expressed proteins and metabolites in different mouse cancer tissues, followed by integrated crosstalk between proteomics and metabolomics through Spearman's correlation analysis. The result showed that compared with the control group, 103 proteins and 37 metabolites in B(a)P/LPS group were identified as significantly altered. By searching KEGG pathway database, proteomics pathways such as Leishmaniasis, Asthma and Intestinal immune network for IgA production, metabolomics pathways such as Vascular smooth muscle contraction, Linoleic acid metabolism and cGMP-PKG signaling pathway were enriched. A total of 22 pathways were enriched after conjoint analysis of the proteomic and metabolomics, and purine metabolism pathway, the unique metabolism-related pathway, which included significantly altered protein (adenylate cyclase 4, ADCY4) and metabolites (L-Glutamine, guanosine monophosphate (GMP), adenosine and guanosine) was found. Results suggested purine metabolism may contribute to the inflammation-related lung tumorigenesis, which may provide novel clues for the therapeutic strategies of inflammation-related lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwei Ma
- Department of Toxicology, Zhengzhou University School of Public Health, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xinyi Miao
- Department of Toxicology, Zhengzhou University School of Public Health, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiangbing Kong
- Department of Toxicology, Zhengzhou University School of Public Health, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yuting Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, Zhengzhou University School of Public Health, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Pengpeng Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Cancer, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Cancer Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pingping Shang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, CNC, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yusong Chen
- Quality Supervision & Test Center, China National Tobacco Corporation Shandong Branch, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Henan Provincial Chest Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Zhengzhou University School of Public Health, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Feifei Feng
- Department of Toxicology, Zhengzhou University School of Public Health, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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3
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Souza JR, Machado BH. Cardiovascular and respiratory evaluation in adenosine A 2A receptor knockout mice submitted to short-term sustained hypoxia. Exp Physiol 2023; 108:1434-1445. [PMID: 37632713 PMCID: PMC10988442 DOI: 10.1113/ep091221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Sustained hypoxia (SH) in mice induces changes in the respiratory pattern and increase in the parasympathetic tone to the heart. Among adenosine G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the A2A receptors are especially important in mediating adenosine actions during hypoxia due to their expression in neurons involved with the generation and modulation of the autonomic and respiratory functions. Herein, we performed an in vivo evaluation of the baseline cardiovascular and respiratory parameters and their changes in response to SH in knockout mice for A2A receptors (A2A KO). SH produced similar and significant reductions in mean arterial pressure and heart rate in both wild-type (WT) and A2A KO mice when compared to their respective normoxic controls. Mice from WT and A2A KO groups submitted to normoxia or SH presented similar cardiovascular responses to peripheral chemoreflex activation (KCN). Under normoxic conditions A2A KO mice presented a respiratory frequency (fR ) significantly higher in relation to the WT group, which was reduced in response to SH. These data show that the lack of adenosine A2A receptors in mice does not affect the cardiovascular parameters and the autonomic responses to chemoreflex activation in control (normoxia) and SH mice. We conclude that the A2A receptors play a major role in the control of respiratory frequency and in the tachypnoeic response to SH in mice. NEW FINDINGS: What is the central question of this study? Are cardiovascular and respiratory parameters and their changes in response to sustained hypoxia (SH) altered in adenosine A2A receptor knockout mice? What is the main finding and its importance? Cardiovascular parameters and their changes in response to SH were not altered in A2A KO mice. The respiratory frequency in A2A KO was higher than in WT mice. In response to SH the respiratory frequency increased in WT, while it was reduced in A2A KO mice. A2A receptors play a major role in the modulation of respiratory frequency and in the tachypnoeic response to SH in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana R. Souza
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão PretoUniversity of São PauloRibeirão PretoSPBrazil
| | - Benedito H. Machado
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão PretoUniversity of São PauloRibeirão PretoSPBrazil
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4
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Weese-Myers ME, Cryan MT, Witt CE, Caldwell KCN, Modi B, Ross AE. Dynamic and Rapid Detection of Guanosine during Ischemia. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:1646-1658. [PMID: 37040534 PMCID: PMC10265669 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Guanosine acts in both neuroprotective and neurosignaling pathways in the central nervous system; in this paper, we present the first fast voltammetric measurements of endogenous guanosine release during pre- and post-ischemic conditions. We discuss the metric of our measurements via analysis of event concentration, duration, and interevent time of rapid guanosine release. We observe changes across all three metrics from our normoxic to ischemic conditions. Pharmacological studies were performed to confirm that guanosine release is a calcium-dependent process and that the signaling observed is purinergic. Finally, we show the validity of our ischemic model via staining and fluorescent imaging. Overall, this paper sets the tone for rapid monitoring of guanosine and provides a platform to investigate the extent to which guanosine accumulates at the site of brain injury, i.e., ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moriah E. Weese-Myers
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Chemistry, 312 College Dr., 404 Crosley Tower, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172
- Co-first author
| | - Michael T. Cryan
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Chemistry, 312 College Dr., 404 Crosley Tower, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172
- Co-first author
| | - Colby E. Witt
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Chemistry, 312 College Dr., 404 Crosley Tower, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172
| | - Kaejaren C. N. Caldwell
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Chemistry, 312 College Dr., 404 Crosley Tower, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172
| | - Bindu Modi
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Chemistry, 312 College Dr., 404 Crosley Tower, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172
| | - Ashley E. Ross
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Chemistry, 312 College Dr., 404 Crosley Tower, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172
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5
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Lopes CR, Gonçalves FQ, Olaio S, Tomé AR, Cunha RA, Lopes JP. Adenosine A 2A Receptors Shut Down Adenosine A 1 Receptor-Mediated Presynaptic Inhibition to Promote Implementation of Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13040715. [PMID: 37189461 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine operates a modulation system fine-tuning the efficiency of synaptic transmission and plasticity through A1 and A2A receptors (A1R, A2AR), respectively. Supramaximal activation of A1R can block hippocampal synaptic transmission, and the tonic engagement of A1R-mediated inhibition is increased with increased frequency of nerve stimulation. This is compatible with an activity-dependent increase in extracellular adenosine in hippocampal excitatory synapses, which can reach levels sufficient to block synaptic transmission. We now report that A2AR activation decreases A1R-medated inhibition of synaptic transmission, with particular relevance during high-frequency-induced long-term potentiation (LTP). Thus, whereas the A1R antagonist DPCPX (50 nM) was devoid of effects on LTP magnitude, the addition of an A2AR antagonist SCH58261 (50 nM) allowed a facilitatory effect of DPCPX on LTP to be revealed. Additionally, the activation of A2AR with CGS21680 (30 nM) decreased the potency of the A1R agonist CPA (6-60 nM) to inhibit hippocampal synaptic transmission in a manner prevented by SCH58261. These observations show that A2AR play a key role in dampening A1R during high-frequency induction of hippocampal LTP. This provides a new framework for understanding how the powerful adenosine A1R-mediated inhibition of excitatory transmission can be controlled to allow the implementation of hippocampal LTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia R Lopes
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Q Gonçalves
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Simão Olaio
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Angelo R Tomé
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-534 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Pedro Lopes
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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6
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Pannexin1 channels regulate mechanically stimulated but not spontaneous adenosine release. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:3781-3789. [PMID: 35381855 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04047-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) is a rapid technique to measure neuromodulators, and using FSCV, two modes of rapid adenosine have been discovered. Spontaneous transients occur randomly in the brain, while mechanical stimulation also causes a rapid adenosine event. Pannexin1 channels are membrane channels that transport ions, including ATP, out of the cell where it is rapidly broken down into adenosine. Pannexin 1 channels (Panx1) have a flickering mode of rapid opening and are also mechanically stimulated. Here, we test the extent to which pannexin channels, specifically pannexin1 (Panx1) channels, are responsible for rapid adenosine events. Spontaneous adenosine release or mechanosensitive adenosine release were measured using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry in hippocampal (CA1) brain slices. In global Panx1KO mice, there is no significant difference in the frequency or concentration of spontaneous adenosine release, indicating Panx1 is not a release mechanism for spontaneous adenosine. Spontaneous adenosine frequency decreased slightly after administration of a large (100 µM) dose of carbenoxolone, a nonspecific inhibitor of many pannexin and connexin channels, suggesting other hemichannels only play a small role at most. For mechanically stimulated adenosine release, the concentration of each adenosine event significantly decreased 30% in Panx1KO mice and the frequency of stimulations that evoked adenosine also decreased. The response was similar in WT mice with carbenoxolone. Thus, Panx1 is a release mechanism for mechanically stimulated adenosine release, but not the only mechanism. These results demonstrate that pannexin channels differentially regulate rapid adenosine release and could be targeted to differentially affect mechanically stimulated adenosine due to brain damage.
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7
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Syeed AJ, Li Y, Ostertag BJ, Brown JW, Ross AE. Nanostructured carbon-fiber surfaces for improved neurochemical detection. Faraday Discuss 2022; 233:336-353. [PMID: 34935021 PMCID: PMC9125946 DOI: 10.1039/d1fd00049g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fundamental insight into the extent to which the nanostructured surface and geometry impacts neurochemical interactions at electrode surfaces could provide significant advances in our ability to design and fabricate ultrasensitive neurochemical detection probes. Here, we investigate the extent to which the nanostructure of the carbon-fiber surface impacts detection of catecholamines and purines with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV). Carbon-fibers were treated with argon (Ar) plasma to induce variations in the nano- and micro-structure without changing the functionalization of the surface. We tested variations in topology by measuring the extent to which the flow rate, RF power, and treatment time affect the surface roughness. Flow rates from 50-100 sccm, plasma power from 20-100 W, and treatment times from 30 s to 5 min were compared. Two Ar-treatments were chosen from the optimization studies for comparison, and the surface roughness was evaluated using atomic force microscopy (AFM). To ensure no changes in chemical composition, fibers were analyzed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). On average, at the optimized Ar-plasma treatment procedure, oxidative current for adenosine and ATP increased by 3.5 ± 1.4-fold and 3.2 ± 0.6-fold, and guanosine and GTP by 1.7 ± 0.3-fold and 1.8 ± 0.3-fold, respectively (n = 9). Dopamine increased by 1.7 ± 0.3-fold. The extent to which changes in the electrode structure impact adsorption, sensitivity, and electron transfer rates were measured. A COMSOL Multiphysics simulation was developed to enable the modeling of mass transport of electroactive species at varying electrode geometries. Overall, this study provides critical insight into the extent to which the nanostructure of the surface impacts the electrochemical detection of neurochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayah J Syeed
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Chemistry, 312 College Dr 404 Crosley Tower, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA.
| | - Yuxin Li
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Chemistry, 312 College Dr 404 Crosley Tower, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA.
| | - Blaise J Ostertag
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Chemistry, 312 College Dr 404 Crosley Tower, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA.
| | - Jared W Brown
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Chemistry, 312 College Dr 404 Crosley Tower, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA.
| | - Ashley E Ross
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Chemistry, 312 College Dr 404 Crosley Tower, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA.
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8
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Chang Y, Venton BJ. Dual-Channel Electrochemical Measurements Reveal Rapid Adenosine is Localized in Brain Slices. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:477-485. [PMID: 35077156 PMCID: PMC8867919 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid adenosine signaling has been detected spontaneously or after mechanical stimulation in the brain, providing rapid neuromodulation in a local area. To measure rapid adenosine signaling, a single carbon-fiber microelectrode has traditionally been used, which limits spatial resolution and an understanding of regional coordination. In this study, we utilized dual-channel fast-scan cyclic voltammetry to measure the spontaneous or mechanically stimulated adenosine release at two electrodes placed at different spacings in hippocampal CA1 mouse brain slices. For mechanically stimulated adenosine release, adenosine can be detected up to 150 μm away from where it was stimulated, although the signal is smaller and delayed. While spontaneous adenosine transients were detected at both electrodes, only 10 percent of the events were detected concurrently, and that number was similar at 50 and 200 μm electrode spacings. Thus, most adenosine transients were not caused by the widespread coordination of release. There was no evidence of diffusion of spontaneous transients to a second electrode 50-200 μm away. This study shows that spontaneous adenosine events are very localized and thus provide only local neuromodulation. Injury, such as mechanical stimulation, allows adenosine to diffuse farther, but the neuroprotective effects are still regional. These results provide a better understanding of the spatial and temporal profiles of adenosine available to act at receptors, which is crucial for future studies that design neuroprotective treatments based on rapid adenosine signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyu Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901, USA
| | - B. Jill Venton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901, USA
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9
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Gleizes M, Fonta C, Nowak LG. Inhibitors of ectonucleotidases have paradoxical effects on synaptic transmission in the mouse cortex. J Neurochem 2021; 160:305-324. [PMID: 34905223 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular adenosine plays prominent roles in the brain in both physiological and pathological conditions. Adenosine can be generated following the degradation of extracellular nucleotides by various types of ectonucleotidases. Several ectonucleotidases are present in the brain parenchyma: ecto-nucleotide triphosphate diphosphohydrolases 1 and 3 (NTPDase 1 and 3), ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (NPP 1), ecto-5'-nucleotidase (eN), and tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP, whose function in the brain has received little attention). Here we examined, in a living brain preparation, the role of these ectonucleotidases in generating extracellular adenosine. We recorded local field potentials evoked by electrical stimulation of the lateral olfactory tract in the mouse piriform cortex in vitro. Variations in adenosine level were evaluated by measuring changes in presynaptic inhibition generated by adenosine A1 receptors (A1Rs) activation. A1R-mediated presynaptic inhibition was present endogenously and was enhanced by bath-applied AMP and ATP. We hypothesized that inhibiting ectonucleotidases would reduce extracellular adenosine concentration, which would result in a weakening of presynaptic inhibition. However, inhibiting TNAP had no effect in controlling endogenous adenosine action and no effect on presynaptic inhibition induced by bath-applied AMP. Furthermore, contrary to our expectation, inhibiting TNAP reinforced, rather than reduced, presynaptic inhibition induced by bath-applied ATP. Similarly, inhibition of NTPDase 1 and 3, NPP1 and eN induced stronger, rather than weaker, presynaptic inhibition, both in endogenous condition and with bath-applied ATP and AMP. Consequently, attempts to suppress the functions of extracellular adenosine by blocking its extracellular synthesis in living brain tissue could have functional impacts opposite to those anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Gleizes
- CerCo, Université Toulouse 3, CNRS, CHU Purpan, Pavillon Baudot, BP 25202, 31052, Toulouse Cedex
| | - Caroline Fonta
- CerCo, Université Toulouse 3, CNRS, CHU Purpan, Pavillon Baudot, BP 25202, 31052, Toulouse Cedex
| | - Lionel G Nowak
- CerCo, Université Toulouse 3, CNRS, CHU Purpan, Pavillon Baudot, BP 25202, 31052, Toulouse Cedex
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10
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Tong Y, Wang L, Song J, Zhang M, Qi H, Ding S, Qi H. Self-Terminated Electroless Deposition of Surfactant-Free and Monodispersed Pt Nanoparticles on Carbon Fiber Microelectrodes for Sensitive Detection of H 2O 2 Released from Living Cells. Anal Chem 2021; 93:16683-16689. [PMID: 34860503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We report a self-terminated electroless deposition method to prepare surfactant-free and monodispersed Pt nanoparticle (NP)-modified carbon fiber microelectrodes (Pt NP/CFEs) for electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) released from living cells. The surfactant-free and monodispersed Pt NPs with a uniform size of 65 nm are spontaneously deposited on a CFE surface by immersing an exposed carbon fiber (CF) of CFE in the PtCl42- solution, in which an exposed CF can be used as the reducing agent and stabilizer. A self-terminated electroless deposition method is demonstrated, in which the density and size of Pt NPs on a CFE surface do not increase when the reaction time increases from 20 to 60 min. The self-terminated electroless deposition process not only can effectively avoid any manual electrode modification and thus largely minimize person-to-person and electrode-to-electrode deviations but also can avoid the use of any extra reductant or surfactant in the fabrication process. Therefore, Pt NPs/CFEs, with good reproducibility and sensitivity, not only exhibit high electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of H2O2 but also maintain the spatial resolution of CFEs. Moreover, Pt NPs/CFEs can detect H2O2 with a wide linear range of 0.5-80 μM and a low detection limit of 0.17 μM and then can be successfully applied in the monitoring of H2O2 released from RAW 264.7 cells. The self-terminated electroless deposition method can also be extended to selectively prepare other metal NP-modified CFEs, such as Au NPs/CFEs or Ag NPs/CFEs, by choosing the metal ions with higher reduction potential as precursors. This work provides a simple, straightforward, and general method for the preparation of small, surfactant-free, and monodispersed metal NP-modified CFEs with high sensitivity, reproducibility, and spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Tong
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Song
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyue Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hetong Qi
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujiang Ding
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Honglan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, People's Republic of China
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11
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Ganesana M, Venton BJ. Spontaneous, transient adenosine release is not enhanced in the CA1 region of hippocampus during severe ischemia models. J Neurochem 2021; 159:887-900. [PMID: 34453336 PMCID: PMC8627433 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke causes damage in the brain, and a slow buildup of adenosine is neuroprotective during ischemic injury. Spontaneous, transient adenosine signaling, lasting only 3 s per event, has been discovered that increases in frequency in the caudate-putamen during early stages of mild ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, spontaneous adenosine changes have not been studied in the hippocampus during ischemia, an area highly susceptible to stroke. Here, we investigated changes of spontaneous, transient adenosine in the CA1 region of rat hippocampus during three different models of the varied intensity of ischemia. During the early stages of the milder bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) model, there were fewer spontaneous, transient adenosine, but no change in the concentration of individual events. In contrast, during the moderate 2 vertebral artery occlusion (2VAO) and severe 4 vessel occlusion (4VO) models, both the frequency of spontaneous, transient adenosine and the average event adenosine concentration decreased. Blood flow measurements validate that the ischemia models decreased blood flow, and corresponding pathological changes were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 4VO occlusion showed the most severe damage in histology and BCCAO showed the least. Overall, our data suggest that there is no enhanced spontaneous adenosine release in the hippocampus during moderate and severe ischemia, which could be due to depletion of the rapidly releasable adenosine pool. Thus, during ischemic stroke, there are fewer spontaneous adenosine events that could inhibit neurotransmission, which might lead to more damage and less neuroprotection in the hippocampus CA1 region. Read the Editorial Highlight for this article on page 800.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallikarjunarao Ganesana
- Department of Chemistry and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - B. Jill Venton
- Department of Chemistry and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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12
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Borgus JR, Wang Y, DiScenza DJ, Venton BJ. Spontaneous Adenosine and Dopamine Cotransmission in the Caudate-Putamen Is Regulated by Adenosine Receptors. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:4371-4379. [PMID: 34783243 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient changes in adenosine and dopamine have been measured in vivo, but no studies have examined if these transient changes occur simultaneously. In this study, we characterized spontaneous adenosine and dopamine transients in anesthetized mice, examining coincident release in the caudate-putamen for the first time. We found that in C57B mice, most of the dopamine transients (77%) were coincident with adenosine, but fewer adenosine transients (12%) were coincident with a dopamine transient. On average, the dopamine transient started 200 ms before its coincident adenosine transient, so they occurred concurrently. There was a positive correlation (r = 0.7292) of adenosine and dopamine concentrations during coincident release. ATP is quickly broken down to adenosine in the extracellular space, and the coincident events may be due to corelease, where dopaminergic vesicles are packaged with ATP, or cotransmission, where ATP is packaged in different vesicles released simultaneously with dopamine. The high frequency of adenosine transients compared to that of dopamine transients suggests that adenosine is also released from nondopaminergic vesicles. We investigated how A1 and A2A adenosine receptors regulate adenosine and dopamine transients using A1 and A2AKO mice. In A1KO mice, the frequency of adenosine and dopamine transients increased, while in A2AKO mice, the frequency of adenosine alone increased. Adenosine receptors modulate coincident transients and could be drug targets to modulate both dopamine and adenosine release. Many spontaneous dopamine transients have coincident adenosine release, and regulating adenosine and dopamine cotransmission could be important for designing treatments for dopamine diseases, such as Parkinson's or addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R. Borgus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, United States
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, United States
| | - Dana J. DiScenza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, United States
| | - B. Jill Venton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, United States
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13
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How Are Adenosine and Adenosine A 2A Receptors Involved in the Pathophysiology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis? Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9081027. [PMID: 34440231 PMCID: PMC8392384 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9081027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is extensively distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems, where it plays a key role as a neuromodulator. It has long been implicated in the pathogenesis of progressive neurogenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, and there is now growing interest in its role in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The motor neurons affected in ALS are responsive to adenosine receptor function, and there is accumulating evidence for beneficial effects of adenosine A2A receptor antagonism. In this article, we focus on recent evidence from ALS clinical pathology and animal models that support dynamism of the adenosinergic system (including changes in adenosine levels and receptor changes) in ALS. We review the possible mechanisms of chronic neurodegeneration via the adenosinergic system, potential biomarkers and the acute symptomatic pharmacology, including respiratory motor neuron control, of A2A receptor antagonism to explore the potential of the A2A receptor as target for ALS therapy.
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14
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Chang Y, Wang Y, Venton BJ. A 1 and A 2A Receptors Modulate Spontaneous Adenosine but Not Mechanically Stimulated Adenosine in the Caudate. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:3377-3385. [PMID: 32976713 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is a neuromodulator, and rapid increases in adenosine in the brain occur spontaneously or after mechanical stimulation. However, the regulation of rapid adenosine by adenosine receptors is unclear, and understanding it would allow better manipulation of neuromodulation. The two main adenosine receptors in the brain are A1 receptors, which are inhibitory, and A2A receptors, which are excitatory. Here, we investigated the regulation of spontaneous adenosine and mechanically stimulated adenosine by adenosine receptors, using global A1 or A2A knockout mice. Results were compared in vivo and in brain slices' models. A1 KO mice have increased frequency of spontaneous adenosine events, but no change in the average concentration of an event, while A2A KO mice had no change in frequency but increased average event concentration. Thus, both A1 and A2A self-regulate spontaneous adenosine release; however, A1 acts on the frequency of events, while A2A receptors regulate concentration. The trends are similar both in vivo and slices, so brain slices are a good model system to study spontaneous adenosine release. For mechanically stimulated adenosine, there was no effect of A1 or A2A KO in vivo, but in brain slices, there was a significant increase in concentration evoked in A1KO mice. Mechanically stimulated release was largely unregulated by A1 and A2A receptors, likely because of a different release mechanism than spontaneous adenosine. Thus, A1 receptors affect the frequency of spontaneous adenosine transients, and A2A receptors affect the concentration. Therefore, future studies could probe drug treatments targeting A1 and A2A receptors to increase rapid adenosine neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyu Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, United States
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, United States
| | - B. Jill Venton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, United States
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15
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Olasehinde TA, Oyeleye SI, Ibeji CU, Oboh G. Beetroot supplemented diet exhibit anti-amnesic effect via modulation of cholinesterases, purinergic enzymes, monoamine oxidase and attenuation of redox imbalance in the brain of scopolamine treated male rats. Nutr Neurosci 2020; 25:1011-1025. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2020.1831260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tosin A. Olasehinde
- Nutrition and Toxicology Division, Food Technology Department, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare Alice South Africa
| | - Sunday I. Oyeleye
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure
- Functional Food and Nutraceutical Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure
| | - Collins U. Ibeji
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Functional Food and Nutraceutical Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure
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16
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Puthongkham P, Rocha J, Borgus JR, Ganesana M, Wang Y, Chang Y, Gahlmann A, Venton BJ. Structural Similarity Image Analysis for Detection of Adenosine and Dopamine in Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry Color Plots. Anal Chem 2020; 92:10485-10494. [PMID: 32628450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) is widely used for in vivo detection of neurotransmitters, but identifying analytes, particularly mixtures, is difficult. Data analysis has focused on identifying dopamine from cyclic voltammograms, but it would be better to analyze all the data in the three-dimensional FSCV color plot. Here, the goal was to use image analysis-based analysis of FSCV color plots for the first time, specifically the structural similarity index (SSIM), to identify rapid neurochemical events. Initially, we focused on identifying spontaneous adenosine events, as adenosine cyclic voltammograms have a primary oxidation at 1.3 V and a secondary oxidation peak that grows in over time. Using SSIM, sample FSCV color plots were compared with reference color plots, and the SSIM cutoff score was optimized to distinguish adenosine. High-pass digital filtering was also applied to remove the background drift and lower the noise, which produced a better LOD. The SSIM algorithm detected more adenosine events than a previous algorithm based on current versus time traces, with 99.5 ± 0.6% precision, 95 ± 3% recall, and 97 ± 2% F1 score (n = 15 experiments from three researchers). For selectivity, it successfully rejected signals from pH changes, histamine, and H2O2. To prove it is a broad strategy useful beyond adenosine, SSIM analysis was optimized for dopamine detection and is able to detect simultaneous events with dopamine and adenosine. Thus, SSIM is a general strategy for FSCV data analysis that uses three-dimensional data to detect multiple analytes in an efficient, automated analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pumidech Puthongkham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Julian Rocha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Jason R Borgus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | | | - Ying Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Yuanyu Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Andreas Gahlmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - B Jill Venton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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17
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Lim GN, Regan SL, Ross AE. Subsecond spontaneous catecholamine release in mesenteric lymph node ex vivo. J Neurochem 2020; 155:417-429. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gary N. Lim
- Department of Chemistry University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA
| | - Samantha L. Regan
- Department of Pediatrics University of CincinnatiCollege of Medicine and Division of NeurologyCincinnati Children’s Research Foundation Cincinnati OH USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA
| | - Ashley E. Ross
- Department of Chemistry University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA
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18
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Meunier CJ, Denison JD, McCarty GS, Sombers LA. Interpreting Dynamic Interfacial Changes at Carbon Fiber Microelectrodes Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:4214-4223. [PMID: 32216254 PMCID: PMC7336537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-fiber microelectrodes are instrumental tools in neuroscience used for the electroanalysis of neurochemical dynamics and recordings of neural activity. However, performance is variable and dependent on fabrication strategies, the biological response to implantation, and the physical and chemical composition of the recording environment. This presents an analytical challenge, as electrode performance is difficult to quantitatively assess in situ, especially when electrodes are permanently implanted or cemented in place. We previously reported that electrode impedance directly impacts electrochemical performance for molecular sensing. In this work, we investigate the impacts of individual components of the electrochemical system on impedance. Equivalent circuit models for glass- and silica-insulated carbon-fiber microelectrodes were determined using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The models were validated based on the ability to assign individual circuit elements to physical properties of the electrochemical system. Investigations were performed to evaluate the utility of the models in providing feedback on how changes in ionic strength and carbon fiber material alter impedance properties. Finally, EIS measurements were used to investigate the electrode/solution interface prior to, during, and following implantation in live brain tissue. A significant increase in impedance and decrease in capacitance occur during tissue exposure and persist following implantation. Electrochemical conditioning, which occurs continually during fast-scan cyclic voltammetry recordings, etches and renews the carbon surface, mitigating these effects. Overall, the results establish EIS as a powerful method for characterization of carbon-fiber microelectrodes, providing unprecedented insight into how real-world factors affect the electrode/solution interface.
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19
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Regan SL, Cryan MT, Williams MT, Vorhees CV, Ross AE. Enhanced Transient Striatal Dopamine Release and Reuptake in Lphn3 Knockout Rats. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:1171-1177. [PMID: 32203648 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Latrophilin-3 (LPHN3) is an adhesion G protein coupled receptor involved in regulating neuroplasticity. Variants of LPHN3 are associated with increased risk of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Data from mouse, zebrafish, Drosophila, and rat show that disruption of LPHN3 results in hyperactivity, and in the Sprague-Dawley Lphn3 knockout rat, exhibit deficits in learning and memory and changes in dopamine (DA) markers in the neostriatum. To determine the effects of Lphn3 deletion on DA neurotransmission, we compared the concentration, duration, and frequency of DA transients in KO and wild-type rats using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry in brain slices. Lphn3 KO rats showed higher release of DA, and the duration and interevent time were markedly decreased compared with wild-type rats. The data demonstrate that LPHN3 plays a heretofore unrecognized role in DA signaling and may represent a new target for small molecule regulation of DA neurotransmission with translational implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L. Regan
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, United States
| | - Michael T. Cryan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, United States
| | - Michael T. Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, United States
| | - Charles V. Vorhees
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, United States
| | - Ashley E. Ross
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, United States
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20
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Wang Y, Copeland J, Shin M, Chang Y, Venton BJ. CD73 or CD39 Deletion Reveals Different Mechanisms of Formation for Spontaneous and Mechanically Stimulated Adenosine and Sex Specific Compensations in ATP Degradation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:919-928. [PMID: 32083837 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is important for local neuromodulation, and rapid adenosine signaling can occur spontaneously or after mechanical stimulation, but little is known about how adenosine is formed in the extracellular space for those stimulations. Here, we studied mechanically stimulated and spontaneous adenosine to determine if rapid adenosine is formed by extracellular breakdown of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) using mice globally deficient in extracellular breakdown enzymes, either CD39 (nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1, NTPDase1) or CD73 (ecto-5'-nucleotidase). CD39 knockout (KO) mice have a lower frequency of spontaneous adenosine events than wild-type (WT, C57BL/6). Surprisingly, CD73KO mice demonstrate sex differences in spontaneous adenosine; males maintain similar event frequencies as WT, but females have significantly fewer events and lower concentrations. Examining the mRNA expression of other enzymes that metabolize ATP revealed tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) was upregulated in male CD73KO mice, but not secreted prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) or transmembrane PAP. Thus, TNAP upregulation compensates for CD73 loss in males but not in females. These sex differences highlight that spontaneous adenosine is formed by metabolism of extracellular ATP by many enzymes. For mechanically stimulated adenosine, CD39KO or CD73KO did not change stimulation frequency, concentration, or t1/2. Thus, the mechanism of formation for mechanically stimulated adenosine is likely direct release of adenosine, different than spontaneous adenosine. Understanding these different mechanisms of rapid adenosine formation will help to develop pharmacological treatments that differentially target modes of rapid adenosine signaling, and all treatments should be studied in both sexes, given possible differences in extracellular ATP degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Jeffrey Copeland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
- Department of Biology, Eastern Mennonite University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22802, United States
| | - Mimi Shin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Yuanyu Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - B. Jill Venton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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21
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Borgus JR, Puthongkham P, Venton BJ. Complex sex and estrous cycle differences in spontaneous transient adenosine. J Neurochem 2020; 153:216-229. [PMID: 32040198 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine is a ubiquitous neuromodulator that plays a role in sleep, vasodilation, and immune response and manipulating the adenosine system could be therapeutic for Parkinson's disease or ischemic stroke. Spontaneous transient adenosine release provides rapid neuromodulation; however, little is known about the effect of sex as a biological variable on adenosine signaling and this is vital information for designing therapeutics. Here, we investigate sex differences in spontaneous, transient adenosine release using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry to measure adenosine in vivo in the hippocampus CA1, basolateral amygdala, and prefrontal cortex. The frequency and concentration of transient adenosine release were compared by sex and brain region, and in females, the stage of estrous. Females had larger concentration transients in the hippocampus (0.161 ± 0.003 µM) and the amygdala (0.182 ± 0.006 µM) than males (hippocampus: 0.134 ± 0.003, amygdala: 0.115 ± 0.002 µM), but the males had a higher frequency of events. In the prefrontal cortex, the trends were reversed. Males had higher concentrations (0.189 ± 0.003 µM) than females (0.170 ± 0.002 µM), but females had higher frequencies. Examining stages of the estrous cycle, in the hippocampus, adenosine transients are higher concentration during proestrus and diestrus. In the cortex, adenosine transients were higher in concentration during proestrus, but were lower during all other stages. Thus, sex and estrous cycle differences in spontaneous adenosine are complex, and not completely consistent from region to region. Understanding these complex differences in spontaneous adenosine between the sexes and during different stages of estrous is important for designing effective treatments manipulating adenosine as a neuromodulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Borgus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - B Jill Venton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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22
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Abstract
Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) at carbon-fiber microelectrodes (CFMEs) is a versatile electrochemical technique to probe neurochemical dynamics in vivo. Progress in FSCV methodology continues to address analytical challenges arising from biological needs to measure low concentrations of neurotransmitters at specific sites. This review summarizes recent advances in FSCV method development in three areas: (1) waveform optimization, (2) electrode development, and (3) data analysis. First, FSCV waveform parameters such as holding potential, switching potential, and scan rate have been optimized to monitor new neurochemicals. The new waveform shapes introduce better selectivity toward specific molecules such as serotonin, histamine, hydrogen peroxide, octopamine, adenosine, guanosine, and neuropeptides. Second, CFMEs have been modified with nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes or replaced with conducting polymers to enhance sensitivity, selectivity, and antifouling properties. Different geometries can be obtained by 3D-printing, manufacturing arrays, or fabricating carbon nanopipettes. Third, data analysis is important to sort through the thousands of CVs obtained. Recent developments in data analysis include preprocessing by digital filtering, principal components analysis for distinguishing analytes, and developing automated algorithms to detect peaks. Future challenges include multisite measurements, machine learning, and integration with other techniques. Advances in FSCV will accelerate research in neurochemistry to answer new biological questions about dynamics of signaling in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pumidech Puthongkham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
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23
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Puthongkham P, Venton BJ. Nanodiamond Coating Improves the Sensitivity and Antifouling Properties of Carbon Fiber Microelectrodes. ACS Sens 2019; 4:2403-2411. [PMID: 31387349 PMCID: PMC6776076 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b00994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nanodiamonds (NDs) are carbon nanomaterials with a core diamond crystalline structure and crystal defects, such as graphitic carbon and heteroatoms, on their surface. For electrochemistry, NDs are promising to increase active sites and decrease fouling, but NDs have not been studied for neurotransmitter electrochemistry. Here, we optimized ND coatings on microelectrodes and found that ND increases the sensitivity for neurotransmitters with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry detection and decreases electrochemical and biofouling. Different sizes and functionalizations of NDs were tested, and ND suspensions were drop-casted onto carbon-fiber microelectrodes (CFMEs). The 5 nm ND-H and 5 nm ND-COOH formed thick coatings, while the 15 and 60 nm ND-COOH formed more sparse coatings. With electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, 5 nm ND-H and 5 nm ND-COOH had high charge-transfer resistance, while 15 and 60 nm ND-COOH had low charge-transfer resistance. ND-COOH (15 nm) was optimal, with the best electrocatalytic properties and current for dopamine. Sensitivity was enhanced 2.1 ± 0.2 times and the limit of detection for dopamine improved to 3 ± 1 nM. ND coating increased current for other cations such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and epinephrine, but not for the anion ascorbic acid. Moreover, NDs decreased electrochemical fouling from serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and they also decreased biofouling in brain slice tissue by 50%. The current at biofouled ND-coated electrodes is similar to the signal of pristine, unfouled CFMEs. The carboxylated ND-modified CFMEs are beneficial for neurotransmitter detection because of easy fabrication, improved limit of detection, and antifouling properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pumidech Puthongkham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
| | - B. Jill Venton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
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24
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Liu YJ, Chen J, Li X, Zhou X, Hu YM, Chu SF, Peng Y, Chen NH. Research progress on adenosine in central nervous system diseases. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 25:899-910. [PMID: 31334608 PMCID: PMC6698970 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As an endogenous neuroprotectant agent, adenosine is extensively distributed and is particularly abundant in the central nervous system (CNS). Under physiological conditions, the concentration of adenosine is low intra- and extracellularly, but increases significantly in response to stress. The majority of adenosine functions are receptor-mediated, and primarily include the A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 receptors (A1R, A2AR, A2BR, and A3R). Adenosine is currently widely used in the treatment of diseases of the CNS and the cardiovascular systems, and the mechanisms are related to the disease types, disease locations, and the adenosine receptors distribution in the CNS. For example, the main infarction sites of cerebral ischemia are cortex and striatum, which have high levels of A1 and A2A receptors. Cerebral ischemia is manifested with A1R decrease and A2AR increase, as well as reduction in the A1R-mediated inhibitory processes and enhancement of the A2AR-mediated excitatory process. Adenosine receptor dysfunction is also involved in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), depression, and epilepsy. Thus, the adenosine receptor balance theory is important for brain disease treatment. The concentration of adenosine can be increased by endogenous or exogenous pathways due to its short half-life and high inactivation properties. Therefore, we will discuss the function of adenosine and its receptors, adenosine formation, and metabolism, and its role for the treatment of CNS diseases (such as cerebral ischemia, AD, depression, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and sleep disorders). This article will provide a scientific basis for the development of novel adenosine derivatives through adenosine structure modification, which will lead to experimental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jiao Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Material Medical & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, Changsha, China
| | - Jiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Material Medical & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Material Medical & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yao-Mei Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, Changsha, China
| | - Shi-Feng Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Material Medical & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, Changsha, China
| | - Nai-Hong Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Material Medical & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, Changsha, China
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25
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Meunier CJ, McCarty GS, Sombers LA. Drift Subtraction for Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry Using Double-Waveform Partial-Least-Squares Regression. Anal Chem 2019; 91:7319-7327. [PMID: 31081629 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background-subtracted fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) provides a method for detecting molecular fluctuations with high spatiotemporal resolution in the brain of awake and behaving animals. The rapid scan rates generate large background currents that are subtracted to reveal changes in analyte concentration. Although these background currents are relatively stable, small changes do occur over time. These changes, referred to as electrochemical drift, result in background-subtraction artifacts that constrain the utility of FSCV, particularly when quantifying chemical changes that gradually occur over long measurement times (minutes). The voltammetric features of electrochemical drift are varied and can span the entire potential window, potentially obscuring the signal from any targeted analyte. We present a straightforward method for extending the duration of a single FSCV recording window. First, we have implemented voltammetric waveforms in pairs that consist of a smaller triangular sweep followed by a conventional voltammetric scan. The initial, abbreviated waveform is used to capture drift information that can serve as a predictor for the contribution of electrochemical drift to the subsequent full voltammetric scan using partial-least-squares regression (PLSR). This double-waveform partial-least-squares regression (DW-PLSR) paradigm permits reliable subtraction of the drift component to the voltammetric data. Here, DW-PLSR is used to improve quantification of adenosine, dopamine, and hydrogen peroxide fluctuations occurring >10 min from the initial background position, both in vitro and in vivo. The results demonstrate that DW-PLSR is a powerful tool for evaluating and interpreting both rapid (seconds) and gradual (minutes) chemical changes captured in FSCV recordings over extended durations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl J Meunier
- Department of Chemistry , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695-8204 , United States
| | - Gregory S McCarty
- Department of Chemistry , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695-8204 , United States
| | - Leslie A Sombers
- Department of Chemistry , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695-8204 , United States
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Cryan MT, Ross AE. Scalene Waveform for Codetection of Guanosine and Adenosine Using Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry. Anal Chem 2019; 91:5987-5993. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Cryan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, 312 College Drive, 404 Crosley Tower, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
| | - Ashley E. Ross
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, 312 College Drive, 404 Crosley Tower, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
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27
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Wang Y, Venton BJ. Comparison of spontaneous and mechanically-stimulated adenosine release in mice. Neurochem Int 2018; 124:46-50. [PMID: 30579856 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Rapid adenosine signaling, on the time frame of seconds, has been discovered in the brain that can modulate neurotransmission or blood flow. Rapid adenosine release can occur spontaneously or be evoked after a mechanical stimulation, but these two modes of adenosine have not been compared. Here, we compared spontaneous and mechanically-stimulated adenosine release in the prefrontal cortex, striatum, and hippocampus of anesthetized mice. For spontaneous adenosine, the number of adenosine events in the prefrontal cortex (40 ± 4 per hour) was significantly lower than in the striatum (54 ± 3) or hippocampus (56 ± 3). Similarly, the concentration per transient was lower in the prefrontal cortex but highest in the striatum. For mechanically-stimulated adenosine, the peak concentration in the prefrontal cortex (8 ± 2 μM) and striatum (8 ± 1 μM) were significantly lower than in the hippocampus (16 ± 2 μM). Comparing the two modes, the hippocampus had high mechanically-stimulated concentration and high spontaneous frequency, while the prefrontal cortex had lower spontaneous frequency and mechanically-stimulated release. However, there is no pattern with the striatum and thus no direct correlations between spontaneous and mechanically-stimulated adenosine. Thus, there may be different pools of adenosine or mechanisms of formation for these two modes. Because of the high frequency of spontaneous events and high concentration of mechanically-stimulated release in the hippocampus, there may be some areas that have stronger adenosine signaling and thus stronger neuromodulatory control by adenosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - B Jill Venton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA.
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Morales-Figueroa GE, Rivera-Ramírez N, González-Pantoja R, Escamilla-Sánchez J, García-Hernández U, Galván EJ, Arias-Montaño JA. Adenosine A 2A and histamine H 3 receptors interact at the cAMP/PKA pathway to modulate depolarization-evoked [ 3H]-GABA release from rat striato-pallidal terminals. Purinergic Signal 2018; 15:85-93. [PMID: 30565027 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-018-9638-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that the activation of histamine H3 receptors (H3Rs) selectively counteracts the facilitatory action of adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs) on GABA release from rat globus pallidus (GP) isolated nerve terminals (synaptosomes). In this work, we examined the mechanisms likely to underlie this functional interaction. Three possibilities were explored: (a) changes in receptor affinity for agonists induced by physical A2AR/H3R interaction, (b) opposite actions of A2ARs and H3Rs on depolarization-induced Ca2+ entry, and (c) an A2AR/H3R interaction at the level of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) formation. In GP synaptosomal membranes, H3R activation with immepip reduced A2AR affinity for the agonist 2-p-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine hydrochloride hydrate (CGS-21680) (Ki control 4.53 nM; + immepip 9.32 nM), whereas A2AR activation increased H3R affinity for immepip (Ki control 0.63 nM; + CGS-21680 0.26 nM). Neither A2AR activation nor H3R stimulation modified calcium entry through voltage-gated calcium channels in GP synaptosomes, as evaluated by microfluorometry. A2AR-mediated facilitation of depolarization-evoked [2,3-3H]-γ-aminobutyric acid ([3H]-GABA) release from GP synaptosomes (130.4 ± 3.6% of control values) was prevented by the PKA inhibitor H-89 and mimicked by the adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin or by 8-Bromo-cAMP, a membrane permeant cAMP analogue (169.5 ± 17.3 and 149.5 ± 14.5% of controls). H3R activation failed to reduce the facilitation of [3H]-GABA release induced by 8-Bromo-cAMP. In GP slices, A2AR activation stimulated cAMP accumulation (290% of basal) and this effect was reduced (- 75%) by H3R activation. These results indicate that in striato-pallidal nerve terminals, A2ARs and H3Rs interact at the level of cAMP formation to modulate PKA activity and thus GABA release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe-Elide Morales-Figueroa
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, AV. IPN 2508, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Nayeli Rivera-Ramírez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, AV. IPN 2508, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Raúl González-Pantoja
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, AV. IPN 2508, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Juan Escamilla-Sánchez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, AV. IPN 2508, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ubaldo García-Hernández
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, AV. IPN 2508, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Emilio J Galván
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, AV. IPN 2508, 07360, MÉXICO, México
| | - José-Antonio Arias-Montaño
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, AV. IPN 2508, Ciudad de México, México.
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