1
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Lundberg DJ, Brown CM, Bobylev EO, Oldenhuis NJ, Alfaraj YS, Zhao J, Kevlishvili I, Kulik HJ, Johnson JA. Nested non-covalent interactions expand the functions of supramolecular polymer networks. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3951. [PMID: 38730254 PMCID: PMC11087514 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47666-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular polymer networks contain non-covalent cross-links that enable access to broadly tunable mechanical properties and stimuli-responsive behaviors; the incorporation of multiple unique non-covalent cross-links within such materials further expands their mechanical responses and functionality. To date, however, the design of such materials has been accomplished through discrete combinations of distinct interaction types in series, limiting materials design logic. Here we introduce the concept of leveraging "nested" supramolecular crosslinks, wherein two distinct types of non-covalent interactions exist in parallel, to control bulk material functions. To demonstrate this concept, we use polymer-linked Pd2L4 metal-organic cage (polyMOC) gels that form hollow metal-organic cage junctions through metal-ligand coordination and can exhibit well-defined host-guest binding within their cavity. In these "nested" supramolecular network junctions, the thermodynamics of host-guest interactions within the junctions affect the metal-ligand interactions that form those junctions, ultimately translating to substantial guest-dependent changes in bulk material properties that could not be achieved in traditional supramolecular networks with multiple interactions in series.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Lundberg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christopher M Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eduard O Bobylev
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nathan J Oldenhuis
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Hampshire, 23 Academic Way, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Yasmeen S Alfaraj
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Julia Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ilia Kevlishvili
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Heather J Kulik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
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2
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Sánchez-Fernández JA. Structural Strategies for Supramolecular Hydrogels and Their Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:1365. [PMID: 36987146 PMCID: PMC10052692 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular structures are of great interest due to their applicability in various scientific and industrial fields. The sensible definition of supramolecular molecules is being set by investigators who, because of the different sensitivities of their methods and observational timescales, may have different views on as to what constitutes these supramolecular structures. Furthermore, diverse polymers have been found to offer unique avenues for multifunctional systems with properties in industrial medicine applications. Aspects of this review provide different conceptual strategies to address the molecular design, properties, and potential applications of self-assembly materials and the use of metal coordination as a feasible and useful strategy for constructing complex supramolecular structures. This review also addresses systems that are based on hydrogel chemistry and the enormous opportunities to design specific structures for applications that demand enormous specificity. According to the current research status on supramolecular hydrogels, the central ideas in the present review are classic topics that, however, are and will be of great importance, especially the hydrogels that have substantial potential applications in drug delivery systems, ophthalmic products, adhesive hydrogels, and electrically conductive hydrogels. The potential interest shown in the technology involving supramolecular hydrogels is clear from what we can retrieve from the Web of Science.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Sánchez-Fernández
- Procesos de Polimerización, Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd. Enrique Reyna No. 140, Saltillo 25294, Mexico
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3
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Zhang R, Gao J, Zhao G, Zhou L, Kong F, Jiang T, Jiang H. Tetrazine bioorthogonal chemistry makes nanotechnology a powerful toolbox for biological applications. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:461-469. [PMID: 36533721 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06056f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal chemistry enables researchers to manipulate bioactive molecules in living systems. These highly selective and biocompatible reactions can be carried out in various complex environments. Over the past two decades, a considerable number of strides have been made to expand the capacities of bioorthogonal chemistry coupled with the aim to fine-tune present reactions for specific applications. The good points of bioorthogonal chemistry have pushed material chemists to integrate bioorthogonal chemistry with nanotechnologies to broaden the biological applications of nanomaterials. Notably, bioorthogonal nanotechnologies fundamentally rely on, more than half, according to our investigation, tetrazine bioorthogonal chemistry (TBC) to function as bioorthogonal handles to react with target agents owing to the extremely rapid kinetics and high selectivities of TBC. Its utilization in combination with nanotechnologies has led to developments in various areas of biomedicine, such as in situ drug activation and targeted delivery, bioimaging and biosensing, and the understanding of cell-biomolecule interactions. Given the fantastic past achievements and the rapid developments in tetrazine bioorthogonal technologies, the future is certainly very bright.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renshuai Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 266071, China
| | - Jiake Gao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Gaoxiang Zhao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 266071, China
| | - Liman Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530006, China.
| | - Fandong Kong
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530006, China.
| | - Tao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs Chinese Ministry of Education, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Hongfei Jiang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 266071, China
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4
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Scinto SL, Reagle TR, Fox JM. Affinity Bioorthogonal Chemistry (ABC) Tags for Site-Selective Conjugation, On-Resin Protein-Protein Coupling, and Purification of Protein Conjugates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207661. [PMID: 36058881 PMCID: PMC10029600 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The site-selective functionalization of proteins has broad application in chemical biology, but can be limited when mixtures result from incomplete conversion or the formation of protein containing side products. It is shown here that when proteins are covalently tagged with pyridyl-tetrazines, the nickel-iminodiacetate (Ni-IDA) resins commonly used for His-tags can be directly used for protein affinity purification. These Affinity Bioorthogonal Chemistry (ABC) tags serve a dual role by enabling affinity-based protein purification while maintaining rapid kinetics in bioorthogonal reactions. ABC-tagging works with a range of site-selective bioconjugation methods with proteins tagged at the C-terminus, N-terminus or at internal positions. ABC-tagged proteins can also be purified from complex mixtures including cell lysate. The combination of site-selective conjugation and clean-up with ABC-tagged proteins also allows for facile on-resin reactions to provide protein-protein conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel L Scinto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Ammon Pinizzotto Biopharmaceutical Innovation Center, Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | - Tyler R Reagle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Ammon Pinizzotto Biopharmaceutical Innovation Center, Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | - Joseph M Fox
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Ammon Pinizzotto Biopharmaceutical Innovation Center, Newark, DE 19713, USA
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5
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Wang Z, Villa Santos C, Legrand A, Haase F, Hara Y, Kanamori K, Aoyama T, Urayama K, Doherty CM, Smales GJ, Pauw BR, Colón YJ, Furukawa S. Multiscale structural control of linked metal-organic polyhedra gel by aging-induced linkage-reorganization. Chem Sci 2021; 12:12556-12563. [PMID: 34703541 PMCID: PMC8494050 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02883a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Assembly of permanently porous metal-organic polyhedra/cages (MOPs) with bifunctional linkers leads to soft supramolecular networks featuring both porosity and processability. However, the amorphous nature of such soft materials complicates their characterization and thus limits rational structural control. Here we demonstrate that aging is an effective strategy to control the hierarchical network of supramolecular gels, which are assembled from organic ligands as linkers and MOPs as junctions. Normally, the initial gel formation by rapid gelation leads to a kinetically trapped structure with low controllability. Through a controlled post-synthetic aging process, we show that it is possible to tune the network of the linked MOP gel over multiple length scales. This process allows control on the molecular-scale rearrangement of interlinking MOPs, mesoscale fusion of colloidal particles and macroscale densification of the whole colloidal network. In this work we elucidate the relationships between the gel properties, such as porosity and rheology, and their hierarchical structures, which suggest that porosity measurement of the dried gels can be used as a powerful tool to characterize the microscale structural transition of their corresponding gels. This aging strategy can be applied in other supramolecular polymer systems particularly containing kinetically controlled structures and shows an opportunity to engineer the structure and the permanent porosity of amorphous materials for further applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaoming Wang
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Science (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University Yoshida, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Christian Villa Santos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
| | - Alexandre Legrand
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Science (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University Yoshida, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Frederik Haase
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Science (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University Yoshida, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Yosuke Hara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kanamori
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Takuma Aoyama
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Kenji Urayama
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Cara M Doherty
- Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Clayton South Victoria Australia
| | - Glen J Smales
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Germany
| | - Brian R Pauw
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Germany
| | - Yamil J Colón
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
| | - Shuhei Furukawa
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Science (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University Yoshida, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
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6
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Pahwa M, Jain P, Das Saha N, Narayana C, Agasti SS. Interfacial tetrazine click chemistry mediated assembly of multifunctional colloidosomes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:9534-9537. [PMID: 34546265 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03886a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate that tetrazine ligation chemistry can be employed to cross-link and assemble gold nanoparticles at the water-oil interface to create plasmonic colloidosomes. These biocompatible colloidosomes exhibit size tunability via controllable ligation kinetics and display high encapsulation efficiency, size-selective permeability, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based sensing modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Pahwa
- Chemistry & Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Bangalore, Karnataka 560064, India.
| | - Priyanka Jain
- Chemistry & Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Bangalore, Karnataka 560064, India.
| | - Nilanjana Das Saha
- New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Bangalore, Karnataka 560064, India
| | - Chandrabhas Narayana
- Chemistry & Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Bangalore, Karnataka 560064, India.
| | - Sarit S Agasti
- Chemistry & Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Bangalore, Karnataka 560064, India. .,New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Bangalore, Karnataka 560064, India
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7
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Guo J, Li Y, Zhang Y, Ren J, Yu X, Cao X. Switchable Supramolecular Configurations of Al 3+/LysTPY Coordination Polymers in a Hydrogel Network Controlled by Ultrasound and Heat. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:40079-40087. [PMID: 34379399 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c10150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Coordination-driven self-assembly with controllable properties has attracted increasing interest because of its potential in biological events and material science. Herein, we report on the remote, instant, and switchable control of competitive coordination interactions via ultrasound and heat stimuli in a hydrogel network. Configurational coordination changes result in the transformation of blue-emissive and opaque Al3+-amide aggregations to yellow-green-emissive and transparent Al3+-terpyridine aggregations. Interestingly, circularly polarized luminescence "off-on" switches of the metallo-supramolecular assembly are also created by these configuration changes. Additionally, the impact of the stoichiometric ratio of Al3+ and LysTPY on the assembly is also studied in detail. With a higher content of Al3+, the hydrogel with branched and abundant junctions exhibited robust, self-healing, and self-supporting properties. This in-depth understanding of the coordination interaction adjustment will afford new insights into the preparation of stimuli-responsive metallogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbo Guo
- College of Science, Hebei Research Center of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Yuhua Road 70, Shijiazhuang 050080, PR China
| | - Yajuan Li
- College of Science, Hebei Research Center of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Yuhua Road 70, Shijiazhuang 050080, PR China
| | - Yajun Zhang
- College of Science, Hebei Research Center of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Yuhua Road 70, Shijiazhuang 050080, PR China
| | - Jujie Ren
- College of Science, Hebei Research Center of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Yuhua Road 70, Shijiazhuang 050080, PR China
| | - Xudong Yu
- College of Science, Hebei Research Center of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Yuhua Road 70, Shijiazhuang 050080, PR China
| | - Xinhua Cao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Green Catalysis and Synthesis Key Laboratory of Xinyang City, Xinyang Normal University, Nanhu Road 237, Xinyang 464000, PR China
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8
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Self-healing Polymeric Hydrogels: Toward Multifunctional Soft Smart Materials. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-021-2612-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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9
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Bej S, Dhayani A, Vemula P, Ramakrishnan S. Fine-Tuning Crystallization-Induced Gelation in Amphiphilic Double-Brush Polymers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:1788-1798. [PMID: 33497235 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A series of amphiphilic double-brush polymers based on itaconate diesters were synthesized with the objective of tailoring the thermal and mechanical properties of hydrogels formed by them; the amphiphilic itaconate diesters carried an MPEG350 segment and an alkyl chain, whose length was varied from C12 to C18. As was reported by us earlier (Macromolecules 2017, 50, 5004), the formation of the hydrogel was due to the crystallization of alkyl segments, as confirmed by the match of the rheological gel-to-sol transition with that of differential scanning calorimetry melting transition of the gel. In an effort to fine-tune the hydrogel-melting temperature and its strength, we varied the length of the alkyl chain length while keeping the hydrophilic segment length constant at MPEG350; apart from varying the alkyl chain length, an oxyethylene spacer was incorporated to examine the effect of decoupling the alkyl side-chain crystallization from the backbone. With these modifications, the melting temperature of the hydrogel was varied from 30 to 56 °C. Likewise, the strength of the hydrogel, as reflected by its storage modulus, varied from around 220 to 970 Pa; the softer gels typically exhibited a slightly larger critical shear strain beyond which the gel transformed into a sol. The thermal and shear-induced gel-to-sol transitions were reversible; however, the modulus after the shear-induced transition did not fully recover instantly (∼80%), suggesting that the formation of the extended gel network is slow. Further fine-tuning could be achieved by copolymerization of two different amphiphilic itaconate monomers, namely, those with C16 and C18, which provided an intermediate gel-melting temperature; however, co-gelation of the two preformed homopolymer gels yielded two distinct gel-melting transitions. Thus, this class of tuneable stimuli-responsive polymeric hydrogels prepared from biobenign components, namely, itaconic acid, 1-alkanols, and MPEGs, could serve as potential candidates for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujoy Bej
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Ashish Dhayani
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (InStem), UAS-GKVK Post, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, 613401 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Praveen Vemula
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (InStem), UAS-GKVK Post, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - S Ramakrishnan
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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10
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Surface chain dependent arrangement and self-assembly of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane for supramolecular gels. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Zhang L, Hou Y, Lv C, Liu W, Zhang Z, Peng X. Copper-based metal-organic xerogels on paper for chemiluminescence detection of dopamine. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:4191-4198. [PMID: 32780054 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01191f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, copper(ii)-containing metal-organic xerogels (Cu-MOXs), which were composed of copper as the central ion and 2,2'-bipyridine-6,6'-dicarboxylic acid as the ligand, were quickly synthesized by a mild facile strategy. The Cu-MOXs exhibited superior catalytic performance for the luminol-H2O2 chemiluminescence (CL) system. The possible mechanism was studied via CL spectra, UV-Vis absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance (ESR). Since dopamine (DA) can inhibit the reaction of this system, a sensitive paper-based CL device for the detection of DA was established. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the linear range of this method was 40-200 nM with a detection limit of 10 nM. The proposed method was used for the determination of DA in urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, PR China.
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12
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Jiang S, Zheng W, Yang G, Zhu Y, Chen L, Zhou Q, Wang Y, Li Z, Yin G, Li X, Ding H, Chen G, Yang H. Construction of
Metallacycle‐Linked
Heteroarm Star Polymers
via
Orthogonal
Post‐Assembly
Polymerization and Their Intriguing
Self‐Assembly
into
Large‐Area
and Regular Nanocubes
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu‐Ting Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Guang Yang
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei Anhui 230036 China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Li‐Jun Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Qi‐Feng Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Yu‐Xuan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Zhen Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | | | | | | | - Guosong Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Hai‐Bo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
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13
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Luque GC, Picchio ML, Martins APS, Dominguez-Alfaro A, Tomé LC, Mecerreyes D, Minari RJ. Elastic and Thermoreversible Iongels by Supramolecular PVA/Phenol Interactions. Macromol Biosci 2020; 20:e2000119. [PMID: 32597002 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Iongels have attracted much attention over the years as ion-conducting soft materials for applications in several technologies including stimuli-responsive drug release and flexible (bio)electronics. Nowadays, iongels with additional functionalities such as electronic conductivity, self-healing, thermo-responsiveness, or biocompatibility are actively being searched for high demanding applications. In this work, a simple and rapid synthetic pathway to prepare elastic and thermoreversible iongels is presented. These iongels are prepared by supramolecular crosslinking between polyphenols biomolecules with a hydroxyl-rich biocompatible polymer such as poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) in the presence of ionic liquids. Using this strategy, a variety of iongels are obtained by combining different plant-derived polyphenol compounds (PhC) such as gallic acid, pyrogallol, and tannic acid with imidazolium-based ionic liquids, namely 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide. A suite of characterization tools is used to study the structural, morphological, mechanical, rheological, and thermal properties of the supramolecular iongels. These iongels can withstand large deformations (40% under compression) with full recovery, revealing reversible transitions from solid to liquid state between 87 and 125 °C. Finally, the polyphenol-based thermoreversible iongels show appropriated properties for their potential application as printable electrolytes for bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela C Luque
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC) CONICET, Güemes 3450, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina
| | - Matías L Picchio
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba IPQA-CONICET, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Córdoba, 5000, Argentina
| | - Ana P S Martins
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, Donostia-San Sebastian, 20018, Spain
| | - Antonio Dominguez-Alfaro
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, Donostia-San Sebastian, 20018, Spain
| | - Liliana C Tomé
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, Donostia-San Sebastian, 20018, Spain
| | - David Mecerreyes
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, Donostia-San Sebastian, 20018, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48013, Spain
| | - Roque J Minari
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC) CONICET, Güemes 3450, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina.,Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santiago del Estero 2829, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina
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14
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Holt SE, Rakoski A, Jivan F, Pérez LM, Alge DL. Hydrogel Synthesis and Stabilization via Tetrazine Click-Induced Secondary Interactions. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000287. [PMID: 32515861 PMCID: PMC8085762 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of tetrazine click-induced secondary interactions is reported as a promising new tool for polymeric biomaterial synthesis. This phenomenon is first demonstrated as a tool for poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel assembly via purely non-covalent interactions and is shown to yield robust gels with storage moduli one to two orders of magnitude higher than other non-covalent crosslinking methods. In addition, tetrazine click-induced secondary interactions also enhance the properties of covalently crosslinked hydrogels. A head-to-head comparison of PEG hydrogels crosslinked with tetrazine-norbornene and thiol-norbornene click chemistry reveals an approximately sixfold increase in storage modulus and unprecedented resistance to hydrolytic degradation in tetrazine click-crosslinked gels without substantial differences in gel fraction. Molecular dynamic simulations attribute these differences to the presence of secondary interactions between the tetrazine-norbornene cycloaddition products, which are absent in the thiol-norbornene crosslinked gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E Holt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3120, USA
| | - Amanda Rakoski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3120, USA
| | - Faraz Jivan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3120, USA
| | - Lisa M Pérez
- High Performance Research Computing, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3361, USA
| | - Daniel L Alge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3120, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3120, USA
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15
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Zhang YJ, Shen FJ, Li YJ, Pang XL, Zhang C, Ren JJ, Yu XD. A Zr-cluster based thermostable, self-healing and adaptive metallogel with chromogenic properties responds to multiple stimuli with reversible radical interaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:2439-2442. [PMID: 31996873 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00241k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A Zr-cluster based metallogel is synthesized via an unusual one-pot solvothermal method. The resulting metallogel is robust, adaptive, self-healing, highly thermostable and conductive. Moreover, the metallogel exhibits reversible stimuli-responsive properties. The gel could respond to at least four kinds of stimuli such as light, aliphatic amines, electricity and metals with color and fluorescence tunability. Importantly, the metallogel with electrochromic properties could be used as soft electrochromic devices for smart windows and electro display boards, and metalchromism provides a practical way for coating corrosion monitoring of metal materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jun Zhang
- College of Science, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Yuhua Road 70, Shijiazhuang 050080, P. R. China.
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16
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Wei Z, Thanneeru S, Margaret Rodriguez E, Weng G, He J. Adaptable Eu-containing polymeric films with dynamic control of mechanical properties in response to moisture. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:2276-2284. [PMID: 32040125 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm02440a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Self-healing polymers often have a trade-off between healing efficiency and mechanical stiffness. Stiff polymers that sacrifice their chain mobility are slow to repair upon mechanical failure. We herein report adaptable polymer films with dynamically moisture-controlled mechanical and optical properties, therefore having tunable self-healing efficiency. The design of the polymer film is based on the coordination of europium (Eu) with dipicolylamine (DPA)-containing random copolymers of poly(n-butyl acrylate-co-2-hydroxy-3-dipicolylamino methacrylate) (P(nBA-co-GMADPA)). The Eu-DPA complexation results in the formation of mechanically robust polymer films. The coordination of Eu-DPA has proven to be moisture-switchable given the preferential coordination of lanthanide metals to O over N, using nuclear magnetic resonance and fluorescence spectroscopy. Water competing with DPA to bind Eu3+ ions can weaken the cross-linking networks formed by Eu-DPA coordination, leading to the increase of chain mobility. The in situ dynamic mechanical analysis and ex situ rheological studies confirm that the viscofluid and the elastic solid states of Eu-polymers are switchable by moisture. Water speeds up the self-healing of the polymer film by roughly 100 times; while it can be removed after healing to recover the original mechanical stiffness of polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichao Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA.
| | - Srinivas Thanneeru
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA.
| | | | - Gengsheng Weng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA. and School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Jie He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA. and Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
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17
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Gu Y, Zhao J, Johnson JA. Polymer Networks: From Plastics and Gels to Porous Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:5022-5049. [PMID: 31310443 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Polymer networks, which are materials composed of many smaller components-referred to as "junctions" and "strands"-connected together via covalent or non-covalent/supramolecular interactions, are arguably the most versatile, widely studied, broadly used, and important materials known. From the first commercial polymers through the plastics revolution of the 20th century to today, there are almost no aspects of modern life that are not impacted by polymer networks. Nevertheless, there are still many challenges that must be addressed to enable a complete understanding of these materials and facilitate their development for emerging applications ranging from sustainability and energy harvesting/storage to tissue engineering and additive manufacturing. Here, we provide a unifying overview of the fundamentals of polymer network synthesis, structure, and properties, tying together recent trends in the field that are not always associated with classical polymer networks, such as the advent of crystalline "framework" materials. We also highlight recent advances in using molecular design and control of topology to showcase how a deep understanding of structure-property relationships can lead to advanced networks with exceptional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Gu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Julia Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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18
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Gu Y, Zhao J, Johnson JA. Polymernetzwerke: Von Kunststoffen und Gelen zu porösen Gerüsten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201902900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Gu
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Julia Zhao
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Jeremiah A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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19
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Zhang CW, Jiang ST, Zheng W, Ji T, Huo GF, Yin GQ, Li X, Liao X. Supramolecular metallacyclic hydrogels with tunable strength switched by host–guest interactions. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01471c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A new family of supramolecular hydrogels with tunable strength was successfully constructed through a combination of coordination-driven self-assembly, post-assembly polymerization and host–guest interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Wei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- P. R. China
| | - Shu-Ting Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- P. R. China
| | - Tan Ji
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- P. R. China
| | - Gui-Fei Huo
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- P. R. China
| | - Guang-Qiang Yin
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Chemistry
- University of South Florida
- Tampa
- USA
| | - Xiaojuan Liao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- P. R. China
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20
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Lai E, Keshavarz B, Holten-Andersen N. Deciphering How the Viscoelastic Properties of Mussel-Inspired Metal-Coordinate Transiently Cross-Linked Gels Dictate Their Tack Behavior. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:15979-15984. [PMID: 31634429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, researchers have incorporated mussel-inspired metal-coordinate cross-links into various types of gels to improve their mechanical properties, particularly toughness and self-healing. However, not much is understood about how the linear mechanical properties of these gels dictate their tack properties. In this study, we use shear rheology and tack tests to explore correlations between linear viscoelastic properties (i.e., plateau modulus, Gp, and characteristic relaxation time, τc) and tack behavior (i.e., peak stress, σmax, and energy dissipation per volume, EDV) of transiently cross-linked hydrogels comprised of histidine-functionalized 4-arm PEG coordinated with Ni2+. By using the Ni2+-histidine ratio and polymer wt % of the transient networks to control their viscoelastic properties, we demonstrate a strong dependence of σmax on Gp and τc. The observed correlation between network dynamics and mechanics under tensile load is in good quantitative agreement with a theoretical framework for σmax, which includes the linear viscoelastic properties as parameters. EDV is also influenced by Gp and τc, and the EDV after reaching σmax is additionally dependent on the polymer wt %. These findings are consistent with previously proposed molecular mechanics of reversible HisxNi2+ cross-links and provide us with new insights into the correlations between bulk mechanics and adhesive dynamics of gels with transient metal-coordinate cross-links.
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21
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Ghosh D, Mulvee MT, Damodaran KK. Tuning Gel State Properties of Supramolecular Gels by Functional Group Modification. Molecules 2019; 24:E3472. [PMID: 31557821 PMCID: PMC6804314 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The factors affecting the self-assembly process in low molecular weight gelators (LMWGs) were investigated by tuning the gelation properties of a well-known gelator N-(4-pyridyl)isonicotinamide (4PINA). The N-H∙∙∙N interactions responsible for gel formation in 4PINA were disrupted by altering the functional groups of 4PINA, which was achieved by modifying pyridyl moieties of the gelator to pyridyl N-oxides. We synthesized two mono-N-oxides (INO and PNO) and a di-N-oxide (diNO) and the gelation studies revealed selective gelation of diNO in water, but the two mono-N-oxides formed crystals. The mechanical strength and thermal stabilities of the gelators were evaluated by rheology and transition temperature (Tgel) experiments, respectively, and the analysis of the gel strength indicated that diNO formed weak gels compared to 4PINA. The SEM image of diNO xerogels showed fibrous microcrystalline networks compared to the efficient fibrous morphology in 4PINA. Single-crystal X-ray analysis of diNO gelator revealed that a hydrogen-bonded dimer interacts with adjacent dimers via C-H∙∙∙O interactions. The non-gelator with similar dimers interacted via C-H∙∙∙N interaction, which indicates the importance of specific non-bonding interactions in the formation of the gel network. The solvated forms of mono-N-oxides support the fact that these compounds prefer crystalline state rather than gelation due to the increased hydrophilic interactions. The reduced gelation ability (minimum gel concentration (MGC)) and thermal strength of diNO may be attributed to the weak intermolecular C-H∙∙∙O interaction compared to the strong and unidirectional N-H∙∙∙N interactions in 4PINA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipankar Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 3, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland.
| | - Matthew T Mulvee
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Krishna K Damodaran
- Department of Chemistry, Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 3, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland.
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22
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Yan ZC, Stadler FJ, Guillet P, Mugemana C, Fustin CA, Gohy JF, Bailly C. Linear and Nonlinear Dynamic Behavior of Polymer Micellar Assemblies Connected by Metallo-Supramolecular Interactions. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1532. [PMID: 31546998 PMCID: PMC6835675 DOI: 10.3390/polym11101532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The linear and nonlinear rheology of associative colloidal polymer assemblies with metallo-supramolecular interactions is herein studied. Polystyrene-b-poly(tert-butylacrylate) with a terpyridine ligand at the end of the acrylate block is self-assembled into micelles in ethanol, a selective solvent for the latter block, and supramolecularly connected by complexation to divalent metal ions. The dependence of the system elasticity on polymer concentration can be semi-quantitatively understood by a geometrical packing model. For strongly associated (Ni2+, Fe2+) and sufficiently concentrated systems (15 w/v%), any given ligand end-group has a virtually 100% probability of being located in an overlapping hairy region between two micelles. By assuming a 50% probability of intermicellar crosslinks being formed, an excellent prediction of the plateau modulus was achieved and compared with the experimental results. For strongly associated but somewhat more dilute systems (12 w/v%) that still have significant overlap between hairy regions, the experimental modulus was lower than the predicted value, as the effective number of crosslinkers was further reduced along with possible density heterogeneities. The reversible destruction of the network by shear forces can be observed from the strain dependence of the storage and loss moduli. The storage moduli of the Ni2+ and Zn2+ systems at a lower concentration (12 w/v%) showed a rarely observed feature (i.e., a peak at the transition from linear to nonlinear regime). This peak disappeared at a higher concentration (15 w/v%). This behavior can be rationalized based on concentration-dependent network stretchability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Chao Yan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Florian J Stadler
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Bio and Soft Matter Division (BSMA), Université Catholique de Louvain, Place Pasteur 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Pierre Guillet
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Bio and Soft Matter Division (BSMA), Université Catholique de Louvain, Place Pasteur 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
- Equipe Chimie Bioorganique et Systèmes Amphiphiles, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (UMR 5247 UM-CNRS-ENSCM) & Avignon University, 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza, 84916 Avignon CEDEX 9, France.
| | - Clément Mugemana
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Bio and Soft Matter Division (BSMA), Université Catholique de Louvain, Place Pasteur 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Charles-André Fustin
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Bio and Soft Matter Division (BSMA), Université Catholique de Louvain, Place Pasteur 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Jean-François Gohy
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Bio and Soft Matter Division (BSMA), Université Catholique de Louvain, Place Pasteur 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Christian Bailly
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Bio and Soft Matter Division (BSMA), Université Catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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24
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Wu H, Zheng J, Kjøniksen AL, Wang W, Zhang Y, Ma J. Metallogels: Availability, Applicability, and Advanceability. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1806204. [PMID: 30680801 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Introducing metal components into gel matrices provides an effective strategy to develop soft materials with advantageous properties such as: optical activity, conductivity, magnetic response activity, self-healing activity, catalytic activity, etc. In this context, a thorough overview of application-oriented metallogels is provided. Considering that many well-established metallogels start from serendipitous discoveries, insights into the structure-gelation relationship will offer a profound impact on the development of metallogels. Initially, design strategies for discovering new metallogels are discussed, then the advanced applications of metallogels are summarized. Finally, perspectives regarding the design of metallogels, the potential applications of metallogels and their derivative materials are briefly proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqiong Wu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, China
| | - Anna-Lena Kjøniksen
- Faculty of Engineering, Østfold University College, P.O. Box 700, 1757, Halden, Norway
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Pharmacy, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7803, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Yi Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, China
| | - Jianmin Ma
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
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25
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Li B, He T, Fan Y, Yuan X, Qiu H, Yin S. Recent developments in the construction of metallacycle/metallacage-cored supramolecular polymers via hierarchical self-assembly. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:8036-8059. [PMID: 31206102 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02472g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular polymers have received considerable attention during the last few decades due to their scientific value in polymer chemistry and profound implications for future developments of advanced materials. Discrete supramolecular coordination complexes (SCCs) with well-defined size, shape, and geometry have been widely employed to construct hierarchical systems by coordination-driven self-assembly with the spontaneous formation of metal-ligand bonds, which results in the formation of well-defined two-dimensional (2D) metallacycles or three-dimensional (3D) metallacages with high functionalities. The incorporation of discrete SCCs into supramolecular polymers by the orthogonal combination of metal-ligand coordination and other noncovalent interactions or covalent bonding could further facilitate the construction of novel supramolecular polymers with hierarchical architectures and multiple functions including controllable uptake and release of guest molecules, providing a flexible platform for the development of smart materials. In this review, the recent progress in metallacycle/metallacage-cored supramolecular polymers that were constructed by the combination of metal-ligand interactions and other orthogonal interactions (including hydrophobic or hydrophilic interactions, hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces, π-π stacking, electrostatic interactions, host-guest interactions and covalent bonding) has been discussed. In addition, the potential applications of metallacycle/metallacage-cored supramolecular polymers in the areas of light emitting, sensing, bio-imaging, delivery and release, etc., are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, P. R. China.
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26
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Zheng W, Wang W, Jiang ST, Yang G, Li Z, Wang XQ, Yin GQ, Zhang Y, Tan H, Li X, Ding H, Chen G, Yang HB. Supramolecular Transformation of Metallacycle-linked Star Polymers Driven by Simple Phosphine Ligand-Exchange Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 141:583-591. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Ting Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Guang Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xu-Qing Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Qiang Yin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Hongming Ding
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Guosong Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
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27
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Lee YH, He L, Chan YT. Stimuli-Responsive Supramolecular Gels Constructed by Hierarchical Self-Assembly Based on Metal-Ligand Coordination and Host-Guest Recognition. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800465. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Hsuan Lee
- Department of Chemistry; National Taiwan University; No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Lipeng He
- Department of Chemistry; National Taiwan University; No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tsu Chan
- Department of Chemistry; National Taiwan University; No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan
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28
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Dicker KT, Song J, Moore AC, Zhang H, Li Y, Burris DL, Jia X, Fox JM. Core-shell patterning of synthetic hydrogels via interfacial bioorthogonal chemistry for spatial control of stem cell behavior. Chem Sci 2018; 9:5394-5404. [PMID: 30009011 PMCID: PMC6009435 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00495a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A new technique is described for the patterning of cell-guidance cues in synthetic extracellular matrices (ECM) for tissue engineering applications. Using s-tetrazine modified hyaluronic acid (HA), bis-trans-cyclooctene (TCO) crosslinkers and monofunctional TCO conjugates, interfacial bioorthogonal crosslinking was used to covalently functionalize hydrogels as they were synthesized at the liquid-gel interface. Through temporally controlled introduction of TCO conjugates during the crosslinking process, the enzymatic degradability, cell adhesivity, and mechanical properties of the synthetic microenvironment can be tuned with spatial precision. Using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and hydrogels with a core-shell structure, we demonstrated the ability of the synthetic ECM with spatially defined guidance cues to modulate cell morphology in a biomimetic fashion. This new method for the spatially resolved introduction of cell-guidance cues for the establishment of functional tissue constructs complements existing methods that require UV-light or specialized equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K T Dicker
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Delaware , DuPont Hall , Newark , DE 19716 , USA . ;
| | - J Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Delaware , DuPont Hall , Newark , DE 19716 , USA . ;
| | - A C Moore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Delaware , Colburn Lab , Newark , DE 19716 , USA
| | - H Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Brown Lab , Newark , DE 19716 , USA
| | - Y Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Brown Lab , Newark , DE 19716 , USA
| | - D L Burris
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Delaware , Colburn Lab , Newark , DE 19716 , USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Delaware , Spencer Lab , Newark , DE 19716 , USA
| | - X Jia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Delaware , DuPont Hall , Newark , DE 19716 , USA . ;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Delaware , Colburn Lab , Newark , DE 19716 , USA
| | - J M Fox
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Delaware , DuPont Hall , Newark , DE 19716 , USA . ;
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Brown Lab , Newark , DE 19716 , USA
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Abstract
In this article we introduce the concept of ideal reversible polymer networks, which have well-controlled polymer network structures similar to ideal covalent polymer networks but exhibit viscoelastic behaviors due to the presence of reversible crosslinks. We first present a theory to describe the mechanical properties of ideal reversible polymer networks. Because short polymer chains of equal length are used to construct the network, there are no chain entanglements and the chains' Rouse relaxation time is much shorter than the reversible crosslinks' characteristic time. Therefore, the ideal reversible polymer network behaves as a single Maxwell element of a spring and a dashpot in series, with the instantaneous shear modulus and relaxation time determined by the concentration of elastically-active chains and the dynamics of reversible crosslinks, respectively. The theory provides general methods to (i) independently control the instantaneous shear modulus and relaxation time of the networks, and to (ii) quantitatively measure kinetic parameters of the reversible crosslinks, including reaction rates and activation energies, from macroscopic viscoelastic measurements. To validate the proposed theory and methods, we synthesized and characterized the mechanical properties of a hydrogel composed of 4-arm polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymers end-functionalized with reversible crosslinks. All the experiments conducted by varying pH, temperature and polymer concentration were consistent with the predictions of our proposed theory and methods for ideal reversible polymer networks.
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30
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Mauro M. Dynamic Metal-Ligand Bonds as Scaffolds for Autonomously Healing Multi-Responsive Materials. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Mauro
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504; Université de Strasbourg, CNRS; 23 rue du Loess 67000 Strasbourg France
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31
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Oliveira BL, Guo Z, Bernardes GJL. Inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reactions in chemical biology. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:4895-4950. [PMID: 28660957 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00184c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 655] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The emerging inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction stands out from other bioorthogonal reactions by virtue of its unmatchable kinetics, excellent orthogonality and biocompatibility. With the recent discovery of novel dienophiles and optimal tetrazine coupling partners, attention has now been turned to the use of IEDDA approaches in basic biology, imaging and therapeutics. Here we review this bioorthogonal reaction and its promising applications for live cell and animal studies. We first discuss the key factors that contribute to the fast IEDDA kinetics and describe the most recent advances in the synthesis of tetrazine and dienophile coupling partners. Both coupling partners have been incorporated into proteins for tracking and imaging by use of fluorogenic tetrazines that become strongly fluorescent upon reaction. Selected notable examples of such applications are presented. The exceptional fast kinetics of this catalyst-free reaction, even using low concentrations of coupling partners, make it amenable for in vivo radiolabelling using pretargeting methodologies, which are also discussed. Finally, IEDDA reactions have recently found use in bioorthogonal decaging to activate proteins or drugs in gain-of-function strategies. We conclude by showing applications of the IEDDA reaction in the construction of biomaterials that are used for drug delivery and multimodal imaging, among others. The use and utility of the IEDDA reaction is interdisciplinary and promises to revolutionize chemical biology, radiochemistry and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Z Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - G J L Bernardes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK. and Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, Lisboa, 1649-028, Portugal.
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32
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Weng G, Thanneeru S, He J. Dynamic Coordination of Eu-Iminodiacetate to Control Fluorochromic Response of Polymer Hydrogels to Multistimuli. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30. [PMID: 29334152 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201706526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
New fluorochromic materials that reversibly change their emission properties in response to their environment are of interest for the development of sensors and light-emitting materials. A new design of Eu-containing polymer hydrogels showing fast self-healing and tunable fluorochromic properties in response to five different stimuli, including pH, temperature, metal ions, sonication, and force, is reported. The polymer hydrogels are fabricated using Eu-iminodiacetate (IDA) coordination in a hydrophilic poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) matrix. Dynamic metal-ligand coordination allows reversible formation and disruption of hydrogel networks under various stimuli which makes hydrogels self-healable and injectable. Such hydrogels show interesting switchable ON/OFF luminescence along with the sol-gel transition through the reversible formation and dissociation of Eu-IDA complexes upon various stimuli. It is demonstrated that Eu-containing hydrogels display fast and reversible mechanochromic response as well in hydrogels having interpenetrating polymer network. Those multistimuli responsive fluorochromic hydrogels illustrate a new pathway to make smart optical materials, particularly for biological sensors where multistimuli response is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengsheng Weng
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Srinivas Thanneeru
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Jie He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
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33
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Tang G, Wang X, Li D, Ma Y, Wu D. Fabrication of POSS-embedded supramolecular hyperbranched polymers with multi-responsive morphology transitions. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01271g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate a simple approach to prepare POSS-embedded supramolecular hyperbranched polymers with multiple stimulus morphology transitions driven by triple supramolecular driving forces in selective solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoke Tang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- China
- Department of Spinal Surgery
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics & Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Dawei Li
- Department of Orthopaedics
- The 309th Hospital of the PLA
- Beijing 100091
- China
| | - Yuanzheng Ma
- The First School of Clinical Medicine
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- China
- Department of Orthopaedics
| | - Decheng Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics & Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
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34
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Ghosh D, Ferfolja K, Drabavičius Ž, Steed JW, Damodaran KK. Crystal habit modification of Cu(ii) isonicotinate–N-oxide complexes using gel phase crystallisation. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj05036h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the crystallisation of three forms of the copper(ii) isonicotinate–N-oxide complex and their phase interconversion via solvent-mediated crystal-to-crystal transformation and the selective crystallisation of one form via gel phase crystallisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipankar Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry
- Science Institute
- University of Iceland
- 107 Reykjavík
- Iceland
| | - Katja Ferfolja
- Department of Chemistry
- Science Institute
- University of Iceland
- 107 Reykjavík
- Iceland
| | | | | | - Krishna K. Damodaran
- Department of Chemistry
- Science Institute
- University of Iceland
- 107 Reykjavík
- Iceland
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35
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Zheng W, Yang G, Shao N, Chen LJ, Ou B, Jiang ST, Chen G, Yang HB. CO2 Stimuli-Responsive, Injectable Block Copolymer Hydrogels Cross-Linked by Discrete Organoplatinum(II) Metallacycles via Stepwise Post-Assembly Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:13811-13820. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b07303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Guang Yang
- The
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department
of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Nannan Shao
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Li-Jun Chen
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Bo Ou
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Ting Jiang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Guosong Chen
- The
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department
of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
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36
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Yao Z, Wang Z, Yu Y, Zeng C, Cao K. Facile synthesis and properties of the chemo-reversible and highly tunable metallogels based on polydicyclopentadiene. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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37
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Wang Y, Gu Y, Keeler EG, Park JV, Griffin RG, Johnson JA. Star PolyMOCs with Diverse Structures, Dynamics, and Functions by Three-Component Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:188-192. [PMID: 27918135 PMCID: PMC5204178 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We report star polymer metal-organic cage (polyMOC) materials whose structures, mechanical properties, functionalities, and dynamics can all be precisely tailored through a simple three-component assembly strategy. The star polyMOC network is composed of tetra-arm star polymers functionalized with ligands on the chain ends, small molecule ligands, and palladium ions; polyMOCs are formed via metal-ligand coordination and thermal annealing. The ratio of small molecule ligands to polymer-bound ligands determines the connectivity of the MOC junctions and the network structure. The use of large M12 L24 MOCs enables great flexibility in tuning this ratio, which provides access to a rich spectrum of material properties including tunable moduli and relaxation dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Wang
- Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue MA (USA)
| | - Yuwei Gu
- Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue MA (USA)
| | - Eric G. Keeler
- Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue MA (USA)
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue MA (USA)
| | - Jiwon V. Park
- Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue MA (USA)
| | - Robert G. Griffin
- Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue MA (USA)
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue MA (USA)
| | - Jeremiah A. Johnson
- Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue MA (USA)
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38
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Wang X, Wang J, Yang Y, Yang F, Wu D. Fabrication of multi-stimuli responsive supramolecular hydrogels based on host–guest inclusion complexation of a tadpole-shaped cyclodextrin derivative with the azobenzene dimer. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00698e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Multi-responsive supramolecular hydrogels, based on host–guest complexation of tadpole-shaped cyclodextrin with the azobenzene dimer, possess reversible sol–gel transition behaviors and better biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics & Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Juan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics & Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Yanyu Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics & Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Fei Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics & Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Decheng Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics & Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
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39
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MacLeod MJ, Johnson JA. Block co-polyMOFs: assembly of polymer–polyMOF hybrids via iterative exponential growth and “click” chemistry. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00922d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A diblock copolymer comprised of styrene and a benzene dicarboxylic acid-based block forms a “block co-polyMOF” upon exposure to Zn2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. J. MacLeod
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Department of Chemistry
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - J. A. Johnson
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Department of Chemistry
- Cambridge
- USA
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40
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Wang Y, Gu Y, Keeler EG, Park JV, Griffin RG, Johnson JA. Star PolyMOCs with Diverse Structures, Dynamics, and Functions by Three‐Component Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Wang
- Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA USA
- Department of Chemistry the University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Yuwei Gu
- Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA USA
| | - Eric G. Keeler
- Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA USA
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA USA
| | - Jiwon V. Park
- Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA USA
| | - Robert G. Griffin
- Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA USA
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA USA
| | - Jeremiah A. Johnson
- Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA USA
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41
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Jivan F, Yegappan R, Pearce H, Carrow JK, McShane M, Gaharwar AK, Alge DL. Sequential Thiol–Ene and Tetrazine Click Reactions for the Polymerization and Functionalization of Hydrogel Microparticles. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:3516-3523. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Jivan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and §Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Ramanathan Yegappan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and §Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Hannah Pearce
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and §Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - James K. Carrow
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and §Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Michael McShane
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and §Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Akhilesh K. Gaharwar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and §Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Daniel L. Alge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and §Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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42
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Zhukhovitskiy AV, Zhao J, Zhong M, Keeler EG, Alt EA, Teichen P, Griffin RG, Hore MJA, Willard AP, Johnson JA. Polymer Structure Dependent Hierarchy in PolyMOC Gels. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael J. A. Hore
- Department
of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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43
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Wang Y, Zhong M, Park JV, Zhukhovitskiy AV, Shi W, Johnson JA. Block Co-PolyMOCs by Stepwise Self-Assembly. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:10708-15. [PMID: 27463766 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b06712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We report a stepwise assembly strategy for the integration of metal-organic cages (MOCs) into block copolymers (BCPs). This approach creates "block co-polyMOC" (BCPMOC) materials whose microscopic structures and mechanical properties are readily tunable by adjusting the size and geometry of the MOCs and the composition of the BCPs. In the first assembly step, BCPs functionalized with a pyridyl ligand on the chain end form star-shaped polymers triggered by metal-coordination-induced MOC assembly. The type of MOC junction employed precisely determines the number of arms for the star polymer. In the second step, microphase separation of the BCP is induced, physically cross-linking the star polymers and producing the desired BCPMOC networks in the bulk or gel state. We demonstrate that large spherical M12L24 MOCs, small paddlewheel M2L4 MOCs, or a mixture of both can be incorporated into BCPMOCs to provide materials with tailored branch functionality, phase separation, microdomain spacing, and mechanical properties. Given the synthetic and functional diversity of MOCs and BCPs, our method should enable access to BCPMOCs for a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mingjiang Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jiwon V Park
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Aleksandr V Zhukhovitskiy
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Weichao Shi
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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44
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Chen TH, Wang L, Trueblood JV, Grassian VH, Cohen SM. Poly(isophthalic acid)(ethylene oxide) as a Macromolecular Modulator for Metal–Organic Polyhedra. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:9646-54. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b04971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Hao Chen
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Le Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jonathan V. Trueblood
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Vicki H. Grassian
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department
of Nanoengineering and Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Seth M. Cohen
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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45
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Voorhaar L, Hoogenboom R. Supramolecular polymer networks: hydrogels and bulk materials. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:4013-31. [PMID: 27206244 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00130k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular polymer networks are materials crosslinked by reversible supramolecular interactions, such as hydrogen bonding or electrostatic interactions. Supramolecular materials show very interesting and useful properties resulting from their dynamic nature, such as self-healing, stimuli-responsiveness and adaptability. Here we will discuss recent progress in polymer-based supramolecular networks for the formation of hydrogels and bulk materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenny Voorhaar
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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46
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Zheng W, Chen LJ, Yang G, Sun B, Wang X, Jiang B, Yin GQ, Zhang L, Li X, Liu M, Chen G, Yang HB. Construction of Smart Supramolecular Polymeric Hydrogels Cross-linked by Discrete Organoplatinum(II) Metallacycles via Post-Assembly Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:4927-37. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b01089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Jun Chen
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guang Yang
- The
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department
of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Sun
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Materials Science, Engineering, and Commercialization Program, Texas State University, San Macros, Texas 78666, United States
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Materials Science, Engineering, and Commercialization Program, Texas State University, San Macros, Texas 78666, United States
| | - Bo Jiang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guang-Qiang Yin
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute
of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Materials Science, Engineering, and Commercialization Program, Texas State University, San Macros, Texas 78666, United States
| | - Minghua Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute
of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guosong Chen
- The
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department
of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People’s Republic of China
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47
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Zhukhovitskiy AV, Zhong M, Keeler EG, Michaelis VK, Sun JEP, Hore MJA, Pochan DJ, Griffin RG, Willard AP, Johnson JA. Highly branched and loop-rich gels via formation of metal-organic cages linked by polymers. Nat Chem 2016; 8:33-41. [PMID: 26673262 PMCID: PMC5418868 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Gels formed via metal-ligand coordination typically have very low branch functionality, f, as they consist of ∼2-3 polymer chains linked to single metal ions that serve as junctions. Thus, these materials are very soft and unable to withstand network defects such as dangling ends and loops. We report here a new class of gels assembled from polymeric ligands and metal-organic cages (MOCs) as junctions. The resulting 'polyMOC' gels are precisely tunable and may feature increased branch functionality. We show two examples of such polyMOCs: a gel with a low f based on a M2L4 paddlewheel cluster junction and a compositionally isomeric one of higher f based on a M12L24 cage. The latter features large shear moduli, but also a very large number of elastically inactive loop defects that we subsequently exchanged for functional ligands, with no impact on the gel's shear modulus. Such a ligand substitution is not possible in gels of low f, including the M2L4-based polyMOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr V Zhukhovitskiy
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Mingjiang Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Eric G Keeler
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Vladimir K Michaelis
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Jessie E P Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Michael J A Hore
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Darrin J Pochan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Robert G Griffin
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Adam P Willard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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48
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Li L, Cong Y, He L, Wang Y, Wang J, Zhang FM, Bu W. Multiple stimuli-responsive supramolecular gels constructed from metal–organic cycles. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01580h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Two supramolecular networks are constructed from a crown ether based metal–organic cycle and dibenzylammonium based poly(ε-caprolactone)s through multiple host–guest interactions. One of the networks can form organogels at higher concentrations, which show multiple stimuli-responsive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Li
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou City
- China
| | - Yong Cong
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou City
- China
| | - Lipeng He
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou City
- China
| | - Yongyue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou City
- China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou City
- China
| | - Fu-Ming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou City
- China
| | - Weifeng Bu
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou City
- China
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49
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Mukherjee S, Brooks WLA, Dai Y, Sumerlin BS. Doubly-dynamic-covalent polymers composed of oxime and oxanorbornene links. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py02046h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two sets of reversible covalent linkages distributed in series along a polymer backbone were used to prepare a new class of doubly dynamic-covalent polymers capable of reversibly dissociatingviatwo distinct pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Mukherjee
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory
- Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
| | - William. L. A. Brooks
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory
- Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
| | - Yuqiong Dai
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory
- Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
| | - Brent S. Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory
- Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
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50
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Chen Q, Chen H, Meng X, Ma Y. Lewis Acid Assisted Diels-Alder Reaction with Regio- and Stereoselectivity: Anti-1,4-Adducts with Rigid Scaffolds and Their Application in Explosives Sensing. Org Lett 2015; 17:5016-9. [PMID: 26440588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Unusual anti-1,4-adducts of anthracene derivatives and anti-adducts of inert arenes with rigid scaffolds have been obtained via AlCl3-assisted Diels-Alder reaction in good to excellent yields under mild conditions. Further derivation of 1,4-adducts gave π-conjugated polymers which could act as sensors of explosive species. This highly efficient synthesis method provides versatile approaches to solid-state emissive π-conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- The Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hao Chen
- The Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiao Meng
- The Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuguo Ma
- The Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
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