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Li J, Richardson JJ, Ejima H. A Simple and Feasible Synthetic Strategy Towards poly(4‐thiostyrene). MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202200092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jincai Li
- Department of Materials Engineering The University of Tokyo 7‐3‐1 Hongo Bunkyo‐ku Tokyo 113–8656 Japan
| | - Joseph J. Richardson
- Department of Materials Engineering The University of Tokyo 7‐3‐1 Hongo Bunkyo‐ku Tokyo 113–8656 Japan
| | - Hirotaka Ejima
- Department of Materials Engineering The University of Tokyo 7‐3‐1 Hongo Bunkyo‐ku Tokyo 113–8656 Japan
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2
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Abstract
Although the synthesis of thiophenol-pendant polymers was reported in the 1950s, the polymers generally suffered from oxidation and became insoluble in organic solvents, hampering detailed characterization and further applications. Dithiocatechol-pendant polymers, which have one additional ortho-thiol group than thiophenol-pendant polymers, have never been synthesized, despite their promise in various applications due to their analogous molecular structure with catechol-pendant polymers. Herein, we report the first synthesis of dithiocatechol-pendant polymers using a novel protection-deprotection strategy. We carefully examined the synthetic routes and identified the deprotection conditions that do not cause cross-linking of the dithiocatechol moieties. Because the resulting dithiocatechol-pendant polymers were soluble in common organic solvents (e.g., tetrahydrofuran and N,N-dimethylformamide), the polymers can be fully characterized by standard spectroscopic methods, providing valuable data for future researchers. We also showed that besides free-radical polymerization, reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization can also be adopted to synthesize dithiocatechol-pendant polymers. This work paves the way for the exploitation of dithiocatechol-containing polymers for the fabrication of novel functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincai Li
- Department of Materials Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Joseph J Richardson
- Department of Materials Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Ejima
- Department of Materials Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.,JST-PRESTO, Honcho 4-1-8, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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3
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Bachevillier S, Yuan HK, Tetzner K, Bradley DDC, Anthopoulos TD, Stavrinou PN, Stingelin N. Planar refractive index patterning through microcontact photo-thermal annealing of a printable organic/inorganic hybrid material. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:411-416. [PMID: 34668508 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01366a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate proof-of-concept refractive-index structures with large refractive-index-gradient profiles, using a micro-contact photothermal annealing (μCPA) process to pattern organic/inorganic hybrid materials comprising titanium oxide hydrate within a poly(vinyl alcohol) binder. A significant refractive index modulation of up to Δn ≈ +0.05 can be achieved with μCPA within less than a second of pulsed lamp exposure, which promises the potential for a high throughput fabrication process of photonic structures with a polymer-based system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bachevillier
- Department of Materials and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Rd, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Hua-Kang Yuan
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Rd, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Kornelius Tetzner
- Ferdinand-Braun-Institut, Leibniz-Institut für Höchstfrequenztechnik, Gustav-Kirchhoff-Str. 4, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Donal D C Bradley
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas D Anthopoulos
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Paul N Stavrinou
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK.
| | - Natalie Stingelin
- School of Materials Science & Engineering and School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 300332, USA.
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4
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Photo masking via breaking alkyl C Se bond of selenium-containing maleimide polymers by ultraviolet light. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Higashihara T, Fu MC, Hatakeyama K, Ando S, Takahashi R, Ueda M. Synthesis of Alkaline-soluble Triazine-based Poly(phenylene sulfide)s with Single/Double Pendant Carboxylic Acid Moieties and Their Application to Refractive Index Contrast Materials. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mao-Chun Fu
- Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Kouji Hatakeyama
- JSR Corporation, 100 Kawajiri-Cho, Yokkaichi, Mie 510-8552, Japan
| | - Shinji Ando
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-E4-5 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Ueda
- Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
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Yue T, Ren B, Zhang W, Lu X, Ren W, Darensbourg DJ. Randomly Distributed Sulfur Atoms in the Main Chains of CO
2
‐Based Polycarbonates: Enhanced Optical Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian‐Jun Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology 2 Linggong Road Dalian 116024 China
- DepartmentDepartment of Chemistry Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Bai‐Hao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology 2 Linggong Road Dalian 116024 China
| | - Wen‐Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology 2 Linggong Road Dalian 116024 China
| | - Xiao‐Bing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology 2 Linggong Road Dalian 116024 China
| | - Wei‐Min Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology 2 Linggong Road Dalian 116024 China
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7
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Yue TJ, Ren BH, Zhang WJ, Lu XB, Ren WM, Darensbourg DJ. Randomly Distributed Sulfur Atoms in the Main Chains of CO 2 -Based Polycarbonates: Enhanced Optical Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:4315-4321. [PMID: 33180984 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric materials possessing both high refractive indices and high Abbe numbers are much in demand for the development of advanced optical devices. However, the synthesis of such functional materials is a challenge because of the trade-off between these two properties. Herein, a synthetic strategy is presented for enhancing the optical properties of CO2 -based polycarbonates by modifying the polymer's topological structure. Terpolymers with thiocarbonate and carbonate units randomly distributed in the polymers' main chain were synthesized via the terpolymerization of cyclohexene oxide with a mixture of CO2 and COS in the presence of metal catalysts, most notably a dinuclear aluminum complex. DFT calculations were employed to explain why different structural sequence were obtained with distinct bimetallic catalysts. Varying the CO2 pressure made it possible to obtain terpolymers with tunable carbonate linkages in the polymer chain. More importantly, optical property studies revealed that terpolymers with comparable thiocarbonate and carbonate units exhibited a refractive index of 1.501 with an enhanced Abbe number as high as 48.6, much higher than the corresponding polycarbonates or polythiocarbonates. Additionally, all terpolymers containing varying thiocarbonate content displayed good thermal properties with Tg >109 °C and Td >260 °C, suggesting little loss in the thermal stability compared to the polycarbonate. Hence, modification of the topological structure of the polycarbonate is an efficient method of obtaining polymeric materials with enhanced optical properties without compromising thermal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Jun Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China.,DepartmentDepartment of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Bai-Hao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Wen-Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Wei-Min Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Donald J Darensbourg
- DepartmentDepartment of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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