1
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Wei J, Hong H, Wang X, Lei X, Ye M, Liu Z. Nanopore-based sensors for DNA sequencing: a review. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 39295590 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01325e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
Nanopore sensors, owing to their distinctive structural properties, can be used to detect biomolecular translocation events. These sensors operate by monitoring variations in electric current amplitude and duration, thereby enabling the calibration and distinction of various biomolecules. As a result, nanopores emerge as a potentially powerful tool in the field of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequencing. However, the interplay between testing bandwidth and noise often leads to the loss of part of the critical translocation signals, presenting a substantial challenge for the precise measurement of biomolecules. In this context, innovative detection mechanisms have been developed, including optical detection, tunneling current detection, and nanopore field-effect transistor (FET) detection. These novel detection methods are based on but beyond traditional nanopore techniques and each of them has unique advantages. Notably, nanopore FET sensors stand out for their high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and high bandwidth measurement capabilities, overcoming the limitations typically associated with traditional solid-state nanopore (SSN) technologies and thus paving the way for new avenues to biomolecule detection. This review begins by elucidating the fundamental detection principles, development history, applications, and fabrication methods for traditional SSNs. It then introduces three novel detection mechanisms, with a particular emphasis on nanopore FET detection. Finally, a comprehensive analysis of the advantages and challenges associated with both SSNs and nanopore FET sensors is performed, and then insights into the future development trajectories for nanopore FET sensors in DNA sequencing are provided. This review has two main purposes: firstly, to provide researchers with a preliminary understanding of advancements in the nanopore field, and secondly, to offer a comprehensive analysis of the fabrication techniques, transverse current detection principles, challenges, and future development trends in the field of nanopore FET sensors. This comprehensive analysis aims to help give researchers in-depth insights into cutting-edge advancements in the field of nanopore FET sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Wei
- School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Hao Hong
- School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
- Department of Microelectronics, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Xing Wang
- School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Xin Lei
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Minjie Ye
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zewen Liu
- School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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2
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Tian R, Ma W, Wang L, Xie W, Wang Y, Yin Y, Weng T, He S, Fang S, Liang L, Wang L, Wang D, Bai J. The combination of DNA nanostructures and materials for highly sensitive electrochemical detection. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 157:108651. [PMID: 38281367 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2024.108651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Due to the wide range of electrochemical devices available, DNA nanostructures and material-based technologies have been greatly broadened. They have been actively used to create a variety of beautiful nanostructures owing to their unmatched programmability. Currently, a variety of electrochemical devices have been used for rapid sensing of biomolecules and other diagnostic applications. Here, we provide a brief overview of recent advances in DNA-based biomolecular assays. Biosensing platform such as electrochemical biosensor, nanopore biosensor, and field-effect transistor biosensors (FET), which are equipped with aptamer, DNA walker, DNAzyme, DNA origami, and nanomaterials, has been developed for amplification detection. Under the optimal conditions, the proposed biosensor has good amplification detection performance. Further, we discussed the challenges of detection strategies in clinical applications and offered the prospect of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Tian
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 400714, PR China.
| | - Wenhao Ma
- Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Lue Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Wanyi Xie
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 400714, PR China
| | - Yunjiao Wang
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 400714, PR China
| | - Yajie Yin
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 400714, PR China
| | - Ting Weng
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 400714, PR China
| | - Shixuan He
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 400714, PR China
| | - Shaoxi Fang
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 400714, PR China
| | - Liyuan Liang
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 400714, PR China
| | - Liang Wang
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 400714, PR China.
| | - Deqiang Wang
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 400714, PR China.
| | - Jingwei Bai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
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3
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Zhao Y, Su Z, Zhang X, Wu D, Wu Y, Li G. Recent advances in nanopore-based analysis for carbohydrates and glycoconjugates. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:1454-1467. [PMID: 38415741 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay02040a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Saccharides are not only the basic constituents and nutrients of living organisms, but also participate in various life activities, and play important roles in cell recognition, immune regulation, development, cancer, etc. The analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates is a necessary means to study their transformations and physiological roles in living organisms. Existing detection techniques can hardly meet the requirements for the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates in complex matrices as they are expensive, involve complex derivatization, and are time-consuming. Nanopore sensing technology, which is amplification-free and label-free, and is a high-throughput process, provides a new solution for the identification and sequencing of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates. This review highlights recent advances in novel nanopore-based single-molecule sensing technologies for the detection of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and discusses the advantages and challenges of nanopore sensing technologies. Finally, current issues and future perspectives are discussed with the aim of improving the performance of nanopores in complex media diagnostic applications, as well as providing a new direction for the quantification of glycan chains and the study of glycan chain properties and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Zhuoqun Su
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Xue Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Di Wu
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Yongning Wu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Guoliang Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
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4
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Dong M, Nouri R, Tang Z, Guan W. Morphology around Nanopores Fabricated by Laser-Assisted Dielectric Breakdown and Its Impact on Ion and DNA Transport and Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:24747-24755. [PMID: 37163692 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c03123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Laser-assisted controlled dielectric breakdown (LaCBD) has emerged as an alternative to conventional CBD-based nanopore fabrication due to its localization capability, facilitated by the photothermal-induced thinning down in the hot spot. Here, we reported the potential impact of the laser on forming debris around the nanopore region in LaCBD. The debris was clearly observable by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. We found that debris formation is a unique phenomenon in LaCBD that is not observable in the conventional CBD approach. We also found that the LaCBD-induced debris is more evident when the laser power and voltage stress are higher. Moreover, the debris is asymmetrically distributed on the top and bottom sides of the membrane. We also found unexpected rectified ionic and molecular transport in those LaCBD nanopores with debris. Based on these observations, we developed and validated a model describing the debris formation kinetics in LaCBD by considering the generation, diffusion, drift, and gravity in viscous mediums. These findings indicate that while laser aids in nanopore localization, precautions should be taken due to the potential formation of debris and rectification of molecular transport. This study provides valuable insights into the kinetics of LaCBD and the characteristics of the LaCBD nanopore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Dong
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Reza Nouri
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Zifan Tang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Weihua Guan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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5
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Liu H, Zhou Q, Wang W, Fang F, Zhang J. Solid-State Nanopore Array: Manufacturing and Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205680. [PMID: 36470663 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanopore brings extraordinary properties for a variety of potential applications in various industrial sectors. Since manufacturing of solid-state nanopore is first reported in 2001, solid-state nanopore has become a hot topic in the recent years. An increasing number of manufacturing methods have been reported, with continuously decreased sizes from hundreds of nanometers at the beginning to ≈1 nm until recently. To enable more robust, sensitive, and reliable devices required by the industry, researchers have started to explore the possible methods to manufacture nanopore array which presents unprecedented challenges on the fabrication efficiency, accuracy and repeatability, applicable materials, and cost. As a result, the exploration of fabrication of nanopore array is still in the fledging period with various bottlenecks. In this article, a wide range of methods of manufacturing nanopores are summarized along with their achievable morphologies, sizes, inner structures for characterizing the main features, based on which the manufacturing of nanopore array is further addressed. To give a more specific idea on the potential applications of nanopore array, some representative practices are introduced such as DNA/RNA sequencing, energy conversion and storage, water desalination, nanosensors, nanoreactors, and dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshuai Liu
- Centre of Micro/Nano Manufacturing Technology (MNMT-Dublin), School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Qin Zhou
- College of Basic Medicine, Harbin Medical University, No. 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 2006 Xiyuan Ave, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, China
| | - Fengzhou Fang
- Centre of Micro/Nano Manufacturing Technology (MNMT-Dublin), School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Laboratory of Micro/Nano Manufacturing Technology (MNMT), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jufan Zhang
- Centre of Micro/Nano Manufacturing Technology (MNMT-Dublin), School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
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6
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Xia Z, Scott A, Keneipp R, Chen J, Niedzwiecki DJ, DiPaolo B, Drndić M. Silicon Nitride Nanopores Formed by Simple Chemical Etching: DNA Translocations and TEM Imaging. ACS NANO 2022; 16:18648-18657. [PMID: 36251751 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate DNA translocations through silicon nitride pores formed by simple chemical etching on glass substrates using microscopic amounts of hydrofluoric acid. DNA translocations and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) prove the fabrication of nanopores and allow their characterization. From ionic measurements on 318 chips, we report the effective pore diameters ranging from zero (pristine membranes) and sub-nm to over 100 nm, within 50 μm diameter membranes. The combination of ionic conductance, DNA current blockades, TEM imaging, and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) provides comprehensive information about the pore area and number, from single to few pores, and pore structure. We also show the formation of thinned membrane regions as precursors of pores. The average pore density, about 5 × 10-4 pores/μm2, allows pore number adjustment statistically (0, 1, or more). This simple and affordable chemical method for making solid-state nanopores accelerates their adoption for DNA sensing and characterization applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehui Xia
- Goeppert LLC, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19146, United States
| | - Andre Scott
- Goeppert LLC, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19146, United States
| | - Rachael Keneipp
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Joshua Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | | | - Brian DiPaolo
- Goeppert LLC, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19146, United States
| | - Marija Drndić
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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7
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Muhammad Sajeer P, Simran, Nukala P, Manoj M. Varma. TEM based applications in solid state nanopores: From fabrication to liquid in-situ bio-imaging. Micron 2022; 162:103347. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2022.103347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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8
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Li C, Wang Z, Ma L. Drilling accurate nanopores for biosensors by energetic multi-wall carbon nanotubes: a molecular dynamics investigation. J Mol Model 2022; 28:304. [PMID: 36074180 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05276-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Drilling precise nanopores in thin layers is in rapid demand for biosensing applications. We demonstrate that an energetic multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) can be a good candidate to fabricate nanopores on graphene from molecular dynamics simulations with a bond-order potential. High-quality nanopores with expected size and smooth margins could be created by an incident nanotube at chosen size and energy. Besides, a nanotube is in advantage of absorbing and translocating many biological macromolecules due to its strong adsorption capacity. It implies a feasible way to drill nanopores and carry big molecules through the fabricated nanopores in one step for fast biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsheng Li
- Department of Physics, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Dongting Road 3150, Changde, 415000, Hunan, China.
| | - Zilin Wang
- Department of Physics, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Dongting Road 3150, Changde, 415000, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Department of Physics, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Dongting Road 3150, Changde, 415000, Hunan, China
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9
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Soni N, Freundlich N, Ohayon S, Huttner D, Meller A. Single-File Translocation Dynamics of SDS-Denatured, Whole Proteins through Sub-5 nm Solid-State Nanopores. ACS NANO 2022; 16:11405-11414. [PMID: 35785960 PMCID: PMC7613183 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The ability to routinely identify and quantify the complete proteome from single cells will greatly advance medicine and basic biology research. To meet this challenge of single-cell proteomics, single-molecule technologies are being developed and improved. Most approaches, to date, rely on the analysis of polypeptides, resulting from digested proteins, either in solution or immobilized on a surface. Nanopore biosensing is an emerging single-molecule technique that circumvents surface immobilization and is optimally suited for the analysis of long biopolymers, as has already been shown for DNA sequencing. However, proteins, unlike DNA molecules, are not uniformly charged and harbor complex tertiary structures. Consequently, the ability of nanopores to analyze unfolded full-length proteins has remained elusive. Here, we evaluate the use of heat denaturation and the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) to facilitate electrokinetic nanopore sensing of unfolded proteins. Specifically, we characterize the voltage dependence translocation dynamics of a wide molecular weight range of proteins (from 14 to 130 kDa) through sub-5 nm solid-state nanopores, using a SDS concentration below the critical micelle concentration. Our results suggest that proteins' translocation dynamics are significantly slower than expected, presumably due to the smaller nanopore diameters used in our study and the role of the electroosmotic force opposing the translocation direction. This allows us to distinguish among the proteins of different molecular weights based on their dwell time and electrical charge deficit. Given the simplicity of the protein denaturation assay and circumvention of the tailor-made necessities for sensing protein of different folded sizes, shapes, and charges, this approach can facilitate the development of a whole proteome identification technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Soni
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Technion−IIT, Haifa, 3200003 Israel
- Russell
Berrie Nanotechnology Institute Technion−IIT, Haifa, 3200003 Israel
| | - Noam Freundlich
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Technion−IIT, Haifa, 3200003 Israel
| | - Shilo Ohayon
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Technion−IIT, Haifa, 3200003 Israel
| | - Diana Huttner
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Technion−IIT, Haifa, 3200003 Israel
| | - Amit Meller
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Technion−IIT, Haifa, 3200003 Israel
- Russell
Berrie Nanotechnology Institute Technion−IIT, Haifa, 3200003 Israel
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10
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Ying C, Ma T, Xu L, Rahmani M. Localized Nanopore Fabrication via Controlled Breakdown. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12142384. [PMID: 35889608 PMCID: PMC9323289 DOI: 10.3390/nano12142384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Nanopore sensors provide a unique platform to detect individual nucleic acids, proteins, and other biomolecules without the need for fluorescent labeling or chemical modifications. Solid-state nanopores offer the potential to integrate nanopore sensing with other technologies such as field-effect transistors (FETs), optics, plasmonics, and microfluidics, thereby attracting attention to the development of commercial instruments for diagnostics and healthcare applications. Stable nanopores with ideal dimensions are particularly critical for nanopore sensors to be integrated into other sensing devices and provide a high signal-to-noise ratio. Nanopore fabrication, although having benefited largely from the development of sophisticated nanofabrication techniques, remains a challenge in terms of cost, time consumption and accessibility. One of the latest developed methods—controlled breakdown (CBD)—has made the nanopore technique broadly accessible, boosting the use of nanopore sensing in both fundamental research and biomedical applications. Many works have been developed to improve the efficiency and robustness of pore formation by CBD. However, nanopores formed by traditional CBD are randomly positioned in the membrane. To expand nanopore sensing to a wider biomedical application, controlling the localization of nanopores formed by CBD is essential. This article reviews the recent strategies to control the location of nanopores formed by CBD. We discuss the fundamental mechanism and the efforts of different approaches to confine the region of nanopore formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuifeng Ying
- Advanced Optics and Photonics Laboratory, Department of Engineering, School of Science &Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK; (L.X.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Tianji Ma
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China;
| | - Lei Xu
- Advanced Optics and Photonics Laboratory, Department of Engineering, School of Science &Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK; (L.X.); (M.R.)
| | - Mohsen Rahmani
- Advanced Optics and Photonics Laboratory, Department of Engineering, School of Science &Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK; (L.X.); (M.R.)
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11
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Peng X, Chen J, Xu R, Feng J, Zhou T. Achieving Rewritable Fluorescent Patterning on Dye-Doped Polymers Using Programmable Laser Direct Writing. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jiajun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Rui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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12
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Fried JP, Wu Y, Tilley RD, Gooding JJ. Optical Nanopore Sensors for Quantitative Analysis. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:869-880. [PMID: 35089719 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanopore sensors have received significant interest for the detection of clinically important biomarkers with single-molecule resolution. These sensors typically operate by detecting changes in the ionic current through a nanopore due to the translocation of an analyte. Recently, there has been interest in developing optical readout strategies for nanopore sensors for quantitative analysis. This is because they can utilize wide-field microscopy to independently monitor many nanopores within a high-density array. This significantly increases the amount of statistics that can be obtained, thus enabling the analysis of analytes present at ultralow concentrations. Here, we review the use of optical nanopore sensing strategies for quantitative analysis. We discuss optical nanopore sensing assays that have been developed to detect clinically relevant biomarkers, the potential for multiplexing such measurements, and techniques to fabricate high density arrays of nanopores with a view toward the use of these devices for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper P Fried
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Yanfang Wu
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Richard D Tilley
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - J Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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