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Fu T, Lin J, Xu Y, Jia J, Wang Y, Zhang S, Xu H. Transverse Spin-Orbit Interaction of Light. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:10783-10789. [PMID: 39167720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Light carries both longitudinal and transverse spin angular momentum. The spin can couple with its orbital counterpart, known as the spin-orbit interaction (SOI) of light. Complementary to the longitudinal SOI known previously, here we show that transverse SOI of light is inherent in the Helmholtz equation when transverse spinning light propagates in curved paths. It lifts the degeneracy of dispersion relations of light for opposite transverse spin states, analogous to the Dresselhaus effect. Transverse SOI is ubiquitous in nanophotonic systems where transverse spin and optical path bending are inevitable. It can explain anomalous effects like the dispersion relation of surface plasmon polaritons on curved paths and the energy level of whispering gallery modes. Our results reveal the analogies of spin photonics and spintronics and offer a new degree of freedom for integrated photonics, spin photonics, and astrophysics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Fu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Junji Jia
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonglong Wang
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan 430206, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan 430206, People's Republic of China
- School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
- Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
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2
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Noblet T, Busson B. Diagrammatic theory of magnetic and quadrupolar contributions to sum-frequency generation in composite systems. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:024704. [PMID: 38193549 DOI: 10.1063/5.0187520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Second-order nonlinear processes like Sum-Frequency Generation (SFG) are essentially defined in the electric dipolar approximation. However, when dealing with the SFG responses of bulk, big nanoparticles, highly symmetric objects, or chiral species, magnetic and quadrupolar contributions play a significant role in the process too. We extend the diagrammatic theory for linear and nonlinear optics to include these terms for single objects as well as for multipartite systems in interaction. Magnetic and quadrupolar quantities are introduced in the formalism as incoming fields, interaction intermediates, and sources of optical nonlinearity. New response functions and complex nonlinear processes are defined, and their symmetry properties are analyzed. This leads to a focus on several kinds of applications involving nanoscale coupled objects, symmetric molecular systems, and chiral materials, both in line with the existing literature and opening new possibilities for original complex systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Noblet
- GRASP-Biophotonics, CESAM, University of Liege, Institute of Physics, Allée du 6 août 17, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Bertrand Busson
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000, 91405 Orsay, France
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3
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Wang S, Liu X, Mourdikoudis S, Chen J, Fu W, Sofer Z, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Zheng G. Chiral Au Nanorods: Synthesis, Chirality Origin, and Applications. ACS NANO 2022; 16:19789-19809. [PMID: 36454684 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chiral Au nanorods (c-Au NRs) with diverse architectures constitute an interesting nanospecies in the field of chiral nanophotonics. The numerous possible plasmonic behaviors of Au NRs can be coupled with chirality to initiate, tune, and amplify their chiroptical response. Interdisciplinary technologies have boosted the development of fabrication and applications of c-Au NRs. Herein, we have focused on the role of chirality in c-Au NRs which helps to manipulate the light-matter interaction in nontraditional ways. A broad overview on the chirality origin, chirality transfer, chiroptical activities, artificially synthetic methodologies, and circularly polarized applications of c-Au NRs will be summarized and discussed. A deeper understanding of light-matter interaction in c-Au NRs will help to manipulate the chirality at the nanoscale, reveal the natural evolution process taking place, and set up a series of circularly polarized applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenli Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Road 100, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xing Liu
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Stefanos Mourdikoudis
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Road 100, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Fu
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Zdeněk Sofer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Shunping Zhang
- School of Physics and Technology and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan430072, P. R. China
| | - Guangchao Zheng
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
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4
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Hurtado-Aviles EA, Vila M, Vilatela JJ, Martines-Arano H, Bornacelli J, García-Merino JA, Cervantes-Sodi F, Torres-Torres C. Structured light using carbon nanostructures driven by Kerr nonlinearities and a magnetic field. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:1081-1090. [PMID: 34927649 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05195d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A substantial influence of a magnetic field on the third-order nonlinear optical properties exhibited by aggregated networks of aligned carbon nanotubes (CNT) is reported by systematic measurements. A two-wave mixing was employed to explore and modulate the refractive index in the nanostructures in the nanosecond and picosecond regime. The presence of a magnetic field was able to modify the optical transmittance in the sample and the potentiality to generate structured light was proposed. Numerical simulations were conducted to analyze the magnetic field phenomena and the oscillations of the electric field in the studied sample. We discussed theoretical concepts, experimental methods, and computational tools employed to evaluate the third-order nonlinear optical properties of CNT in film form. Immediate applications of the system to modulate structured light can be contemplated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Abraham Hurtado-Aviles
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica Unidad Zacatenco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 07738, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - María Vila
- IMDEA Materials Institute, c/Eric Kandel 2, Getafe, 28960, Madrid, Spain.,Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Telecomunicación (ETSIT), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan José Vilatela
- IMDEA Materials Institute, c/Eric Kandel 2, Getafe, 28960, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hilario Martines-Arano
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica Unidad Zacatenco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 07738, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Jhovani Bornacelli
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica Unidad Zacatenco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 07738, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - José Antonio García-Merino
- Instituto de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna, 4860, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Investigación en Nanotecnología y Materiales Avanzados (CIEN-UC), Av. Vicuña Mackenna, 4860, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Cervantes-Sodi
- Depto. Física y Matemáticas, Universidad Iberoamericana, Prol. Paseo de la Reforma 880, Lomas de Santa Fe, 01219, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carlos Torres-Torres
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica Unidad Zacatenco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 07738, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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5
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Yang YX, Chu JP. Cost-effective large-area Ag nanotube arrays for SERS detections: effects of nanotube geometry. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:475504. [PMID: 34284366 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac1636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrated highly-ordered metallic nanotube arrays (MeNTAs) with a precisely controlled geometric shape to promote surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Using both simulation and experimental methods, we designed and fabricated MeNTAs with nanotube geometries that possess a large surface area to absorb probe molecules as well as geometric features capable of inducing hot spots for SERS enhancement. The proposed top-down wafer-scale lithographic and sputter-deposition process is a simple and cost-effective approach to the fabrication of 1 mm × 1 mm MeNTA at room temperature. Simulation results of nanotubes with various materials (Au, Ag, and Cu), diameters (100-1500 nm), geometric shapes (circle, equilateral triangle and square) and triangle corner curvatures (ranging from 0 to 300 nm) identified Ag triangles with sharp tips as the geometry best suited to SERS enhancement. The SERS spectra of crystal violet molecules generated from the Ag MeNTAs verified the patterns observed in computational simulations, wherein the effects of MeNTA on SERS decreased with an increase in the size of the nanotubes. Enhancement factor of 1.06 × 109was obtained from our triangular Ag MeNTA, confirming its efficacy as an ultrahigh sensitivity SERS-active substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xiang Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Jinn P Chu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
- Applied Research Center for Thin-Film Metallic Glass, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
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6
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Kitajima Y, Sakamoto H, Ueno K. Coupled plasmonic systems: controlling the plasmon dynamics and spectral modulations for molecular detection. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:5187-5201. [PMID: 33687413 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06681h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This review describes recent studies on coupled plasmonic systems for controlling plasmon dynamics and molecular detection using spectral modulations. The plasmon dephasing time can be controlled by weak and strong coupling regimes between the plasmonic nanostructures or localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) and the other optical modes such as microcavities. The modal coupling induces near-field enhancement by extending the plasmon dephasing time to increase the near-field enhancement at certain wavelengths resulting in the enhancement of molecular detection. On the other hand, the interaction between LSPR and molecular excited or vibrational states also modulates the resonance spectrum, which can also be used for detecting a small number of molecules with a subtle change in the spectrum. The spectral modulation is induced by weak and strong couplings between LSPRs and the electronic or vibrational states of molecules, and this method is sensitive enough to measure a single molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Kitajima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
| | - Hiyori Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
| | - Kosei Ueno
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
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7
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Bi H, Lobet M, Saikin SK, Li Y, Huo C, Jian J, Wu X, Reichert J, Aspuru-Guzik A, Mazur E. Optically Induced Molecular Logic Operations. ACS NANO 2020; 14:15248-15255. [PMID: 33140948 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Molecular electronics is a promising route for down-sizing electronic devices. Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy provides us a setup to probe current-driven molecular junctions that are considered as prototypes of molecular electronic devices. In this setup, the plasmonic tip concentrates optical fields to a degree that allows observing optical response of single molecules. Simultaneously, the tip can also induce a localized optical angular momentum, which has been seldomly considered in previous studies. Here, we propose that the induced optical angular momentum can interact with the probed molecule and strongly modify the response signal. Specifically, we demonstrate the ability to control the vibrational resonance of current-driven molecular junctions with the optical angular momentum. This precise control of light-matter interactions at the nanoscale allows us to demonstrate multiple logic operations. These results provide a fundamental understanding of future molecular electronics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Bi
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Material Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 9 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Michaël Lobet
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 9 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Centre Spatial de Liège, Avenue du Pré-Aily, B-4031 Angleur, Belgium
| | - Semion K Saikin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation
- Kebotix, Inc., 501 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chanyuan Huo
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Material Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jiahuang Jian
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Material Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Material Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Joachim Reichert
- Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Alán Aspuru-Guzik
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Computer Sciences, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Eric Mazur
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 9 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, 9 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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8
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9
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Liaw JW, Huang MC, Chao HY, Kuo MK. Spin and Orbital Rotation of Plasmonic Dimer Driven by Circularly Polarized Light. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2018; 13:322. [PMID: 30315377 PMCID: PMC6185878 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2739-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The plasmon-enhanced spin and orbital rotation of Au dimer, two optically bound nanoparticles (NPs), induced by a circularly polarized (CP) light (plane wave or Gaussian beam) were studied theoretically. Through the optomechanical performances of optical forces and torques, the longitudinal/transverse spin-orbit coupling (SOC) of twisted electromagnetic fields was investigated. The optical forces show that for the long-range interaction, there exist some stable-equilibrium orbits for rotation, where the stable-equilibrium interparticle distances are nearly the integer multiples of wavelength in medium. In addition, the optical spin torque drives each NP to spin individually. For a plane wave, the helicities of the longitudinal spin and orbital rotation of the coupled NPs are the same at the stable-equilibrium orbit, consistent with the handedness of plane wave. In contrast, for a focused Gaussian beam, the helicity of the orbital rotation of dimer could be opposite to the handedness of the incident light due to the negative optical orbital torque at the stable-equilibrium interparticle distance; additionally, the transverse spin of each NP becomes profound. These results demonstrate that the longitudinal/transverse SOC is significantly induced due to the twisted optical field. For the short-range interaction, the mutual attraction between two NPs is induced, associated with the spinning and spiral trajectory; eventually, the two NPs will collide. The borderline of the interparticle distance between the long-range and short-range interactions is approximately at a half-wavelength in medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiunn-Woei Liaw
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Rd., Kwei-Shan, Guishan District, Taoyuan City, 33302 Taiwan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, Taishan District, New Taipei City, 24301 Taiwan
- Medical Physics Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Chang Huang
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106 Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Yu Chao
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106 Taiwan
| | - Mao-Kuen Kuo
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106 Taiwan
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10
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Liaw JW, Chien CW, Liu KC, Ku YC, Kuo MK. 3D Optical Vortex Trapping of Plasmonic Nanostructure. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12673. [PMID: 30140032 PMCID: PMC6107535 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30948-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
3D optical vortex trapping upon a polystyrene nanoparticle (NP) by a 1D gold dimer array is studied theoretically. The optical force field shows that the trapping mode can be contact or non-contact. For the former, the NP is attracted toward a corresponding dimer. For the latter, it is trapped toward a stagnation point of zero force with a 3D spiral trajectory, revealing optical vortex. Additionally the optical torque causes the NP to transversely spin, even though the system is irradiated by a linearly polarized light. The transverse spin-orbit interaction is manifested from the opposite helicities of the spin and spiral orbit. Along with the growth and decline of optical vortices the trapped NP performs a step-like motion, as the array continuously moves. Our results, in agreement with the previous experiment, identify the role of optical vortex in the near-field trapping of plasmonic nanostructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiunn-Woei Liaw
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan. .,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Chiao-Wei Chien
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Chi Liu
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Cheng Ku
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Kuen Kuo
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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11
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Sun L, Bai B, Wang J. Probing vectorial near field of light: imaging theory and design principles of nanoprobes. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:18644-18663. [PMID: 30114040 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.018644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Near-field microscopy is widely used for characterizing electromagnetic fields at nanoscale, where nanoprobes afford the opportunity to extract subwavelength optical quantities, including the amplitude, phase, polarization, chirality, etc. However, owing to the complexity of various nanoprobes, a general and intuitive theory is highly desired to assess the vectorial responses of nanoprobes and interpret the mechanism of the probe-field interaction. Here, we develop a general imaging theory based on the reciprocity of electromagnetism and multipole expansion analysis. The proposed theory closely resembles the multipolar Hamiltonian for light-matter interaction energy, revealing the coupling mechanism of the probe-field interaction. Based on this theory, we introduce a new paradigm for the design of functional nanoprobes by analyzing the reciprocal dipole moments, and establish effective design principles for the imaging of vectorial near fields. As application examples of the proposed theory, we numerically analyze the responses of two typical probes, a split-ring probe and a nanoparticle probe, which can quantitatively reproduce and well explain the experimental results of previously reported measurements of the optical magnetism and the transverse spin angular momentum. Our work provides a powerful tool for the design and analysis of new functional probes that may enable the probing of various physical quantities of the vectorial near field.
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Urbieta M, Barbry M, Zhang Y, Koval P, Sánchez-Portal D, Zabala N, Aizpurua J. Atomic-Scale Lightning Rod Effect in Plasmonic Picocavities: A Classical View to a Quantum Effect. ACS NANO 2018; 12:585-595. [PMID: 29298379 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b07401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic gaps are known to produce nanoscale localization and enhancement of optical fields, providing small effective mode volumes of about a few hundred nm3. Atomistic quantum calculations based on time-dependent density functional theory reveal the effect of subnanometric localization of electromagnetic fields due to the presence of atomic-scale features at the interfaces of plasmonic gaps. Using a classical model, we explain this as a nonresonant lightning rod effect at the atomic scale that produces an extra enhancement over that of the plasmonic background. The near-field distribution of atomic-scale hot spots around atomic features is robust against dynamical screening and spill-out effects and follows the potential landscape determined by the electron density around the atomic sites. A detailed comparison of the field distribution around atomic hot spots from full quantum atomistic calculations and from the local classical approach considering the geometrical profile of the atoms' electronic density validates the use of a classical framework to determine the effective mode volume in these extreme subnanometric optical cavities. This finding is of practical importance for the community of surface-enhanced molecular spectroscopy and quantum nanophotonics, as it provides an adequate description of the local electromagnetic fields around atomic-scale features with use of simplified classical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattin Urbieta
- Materials Physics Center (CSIC-UPV/EHU) and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Department of Electricity and Electronics, FCT-ZTF, UPV-EHU , 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Marc Barbry
- Materials Physics Center (CSIC-UPV/EHU) and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Yao Zhang
- Materials Physics Center (CSIC-UPV/EHU) and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Peter Koval
- Materials Physics Center (CSIC-UPV/EHU) and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Daniel Sánchez-Portal
- Materials Physics Center (CSIC-UPV/EHU) and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Nerea Zabala
- Materials Physics Center (CSIC-UPV/EHU) and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Department of Electricity and Electronics, FCT-ZTF, UPV-EHU , 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Javier Aizpurua
- Materials Physics Center (CSIC-UPV/EHU) and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
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13
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Mueller NS, Heeg S, Kusch P, Gaufrès E, Tang NYW, Hübner U, Martel R, Vijayaraghavan A, Reich S. Plasmonic enhancement of SERS measured on molecules in carbon nanotubes. Faraday Discuss 2017; 205:85-103. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00127d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We isolated the plasmonic contribution to surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and found it to be much stronger than expected. Organic dyes encapsulated in single-walled carbon nanotubes are ideal probes for quantifying plasmonic enhancement in a Raman experiment. The molecules are chemically protected through the nanotube wall and spatially isolated from the metal, which prevents enhancement by chemical means and through surface roughness. The tubes carry molecules into SERS hotspots, thereby defining molecular position and making it accessible for structural characterization with atomic-force and electron microscopy. We measured a SERS enhancement factor of 106 on α-sexithiophene (6T) molecules in the gap of a plasmonic nanodimer. This is two orders of magnitude stronger than predicted by the electromagnetic enhancement theory (104). We discuss various phenomena that may explain the discrepancy (including hybridization, static and dynamic charge transfer, surface roughness, uncertainties in molecular position and orientation), but found all of them lacking in enhancement for our probe system. We suggest that plasmonic enhancement in SERS is, in fact, much stronger than currently anticipated. We discuss novel approaches for treating SERS quantum mechanically that appear promising for predicting correct enhancement factors. Our findings have important consequences on the understanding of SERS as well as for designing and optimizing plasmonic substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sebastian Heeg
- School of Materials
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL
- UK
| | - Patryk Kusch
- Department of Physics
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Etienne Gaufrès
- Regroupement québécois sur les matériaux de pointe
- Département de Chimie
- Université de Montréal
- Montréal
- Canada
| | - Nathalie Y.-W. Tang
- Regroupement québécois sur les matériaux de pointe
- Département de Chimie
- Université de Montréal
- Montréal
- Canada
| | - Uwe Hübner
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
| | - Richard Martel
- Regroupement québécois sur les matériaux de pointe
- Département de Chimie
- Université de Montréal
- Montréal
- Canada
| | | | - Stephanie Reich
- Department of Physics
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
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Guo L, Liang K, Marcus K, Li Z, Zhou L, Mani PD, Chen H, Shen C, Dong Y, Zhai L, Coffey KR, Orlovskaya N, Sohn YH, Yang Y. Enhanced Photoelectrocatalytic Reduction of Oxygen Using Au@TiO 2 Plasmonic Film. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:34970-34977. [PMID: 27958697 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b14586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Novel Au@TiO2 plasmonic films were fabricated by individually placing Au nanoparticles into TiO2 nanocavity arrays through a sputtering and dewetting process. These discrete Au nanoparticles in TiO2 nanocavities showed strong visible-light absorption due to the plasmonic resonance. Photoelectrochemical studies demonstrated that the developed Au@TiO2 plasmonic films exhibited significantly enhanced catalytic activities toward oxygen reduction reactions with an onset potential of 0.92 V (vs reversible hydrogen electrode), electron transfer number of 3.94, and limiting current density of 5.2 mA cm-2. A superior ORR activity of 310 mA mg-1 is achieved using low Au loading mass. The isolated Au nanoparticle size remarkably affected the catalytic activities of Au@TiO2, and TiO2 coated with 5 nm Au (Au5@TiO2) exhibited the best catalytic function to reduce oxygen. The plasmon-enhanced reductive activity is attributed to the surface plasmonic resonance of isolated Au nanoparticles in TiO2 nanocavities and suppressed electron recombination. This work provides comprehensive understanding of a novel plasmonic system using isolated noble metals into nanostructured semiconductor films as a potential alternative catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Guo
- NanoScience Technology Center, §Department of Materials Science & Engineering, ⊥College of Optics & Photonics (CREOL), ||College of Engineering, #Department of Chemistry, and ¶Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida , 4000 Central Florida Boulevard. Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Kun Liang
- NanoScience Technology Center, §Department of Materials Science & Engineering, ⊥College of Optics & Photonics (CREOL), ||College of Engineering, #Department of Chemistry, and ¶Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida , 4000 Central Florida Boulevard. Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Kyle Marcus
- NanoScience Technology Center, §Department of Materials Science & Engineering, ⊥College of Optics & Photonics (CREOL), ||College of Engineering, #Department of Chemistry, and ¶Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida , 4000 Central Florida Boulevard. Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Zhao Li
- NanoScience Technology Center, §Department of Materials Science & Engineering, ⊥College of Optics & Photonics (CREOL), ||College of Engineering, #Department of Chemistry, and ¶Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida , 4000 Central Florida Boulevard. Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Le Zhou
- NanoScience Technology Center, §Department of Materials Science & Engineering, ⊥College of Optics & Photonics (CREOL), ||College of Engineering, #Department of Chemistry, and ¶Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida , 4000 Central Florida Boulevard. Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Prabhu Doss Mani
- NanoScience Technology Center, §Department of Materials Science & Engineering, ⊥College of Optics & Photonics (CREOL), ||College of Engineering, #Department of Chemistry, and ¶Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida , 4000 Central Florida Boulevard. Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Hao Chen
- NanoScience Technology Center, §Department of Materials Science & Engineering, ⊥College of Optics & Photonics (CREOL), ||College of Engineering, #Department of Chemistry, and ¶Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida , 4000 Central Florida Boulevard. Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Chen Shen
- NanoScience Technology Center, §Department of Materials Science & Engineering, ⊥College of Optics & Photonics (CREOL), ||College of Engineering, #Department of Chemistry, and ¶Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida , 4000 Central Florida Boulevard. Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Yajie Dong
- NanoScience Technology Center, §Department of Materials Science & Engineering, ⊥College of Optics & Photonics (CREOL), ||College of Engineering, #Department of Chemistry, and ¶Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida , 4000 Central Florida Boulevard. Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Lei Zhai
- NanoScience Technology Center, §Department of Materials Science & Engineering, ⊥College of Optics & Photonics (CREOL), ||College of Engineering, #Department of Chemistry, and ¶Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida , 4000 Central Florida Boulevard. Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Kevin R Coffey
- NanoScience Technology Center, §Department of Materials Science & Engineering, ⊥College of Optics & Photonics (CREOL), ||College of Engineering, #Department of Chemistry, and ¶Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida , 4000 Central Florida Boulevard. Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Nina Orlovskaya
- NanoScience Technology Center, §Department of Materials Science & Engineering, ⊥College of Optics & Photonics (CREOL), ||College of Engineering, #Department of Chemistry, and ¶Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida , 4000 Central Florida Boulevard. Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Yong-Ho Sohn
- NanoScience Technology Center, §Department of Materials Science & Engineering, ⊥College of Optics & Photonics (CREOL), ||College of Engineering, #Department of Chemistry, and ¶Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida , 4000 Central Florida Boulevard. Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Yang Yang
- NanoScience Technology Center, §Department of Materials Science & Engineering, ⊥College of Optics & Photonics (CREOL), ||College of Engineering, #Department of Chemistry, and ¶Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida , 4000 Central Florida Boulevard. Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
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Rivera N, Kaminer I, Zhen B, Joannopoulos JD, Soljačić M. Shrinking light to allow forbidden transitions on the atomic scale. Science 2016; 353:263-9. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf6308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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