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Sosada-Ludwikowska F, Reiner L, Egger L, Lackner E, Krainer J, Wimmer-Teubenbacher R, Singh V, Steinhauer S, Grammatikopoulos P, Koeck A. Adjusting surface coverage of Pt nanocatalyst decoration for selectivity control in CMOS-integrated SnO 2 thin film gas sensors. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:1127-1134. [PMID: 38356629 PMCID: PMC10863709 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00552f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Smart gas-sensor devices are of crucial importance for emerging consumer electronics and Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications, in particular for indoor and outdoor air quality monitoring (e.g., CO2 levels) or for detecting pollutants harmful for human health. Chemoresistive nanosensors based on metal-oxide semiconductors are among the most promising technologies due to their high sensitivity and suitability for scalable low-cost fabrication of miniaturised devices. However, poor selectivity between different target analytes restrains this technology from broader applicability. This is commonly addressed by chemical functionalisation of the sensor surface via catalytic nanoparticles. Yet, while the latter led to significant advances in gas selectivity, nanocatalyst decoration with precise size and coverage control remains challenging. Here, we present CMOS-integrated gas sensors based on tin oxide (SnO2) films deposited by spray pyrolysis technology, which were functionalised with platinum (Pt) nanocatalysts. We deposited size-selected Pt nanoparticles (narrow size distribution around 3 nm) by magnetron-sputtering inert-gas condensation, a technique which enables straightforward surface coverage control. The resulting impact on SnO2 sensor properties for CO and volatile organic compound (VOC) detection via functionalisation was investigated. We identified an upper threshold for nanoparticle deposition time above which increased surface coverage did not result in further CO or VOC sensitivity enhancement. Most importantly, we demonstrate a method to adjust the selectivity between these target gases by simply adjusting the Pt nanoparticle deposition time. Using a simple computational model for nanocatalyst coverage resulting from random gas-phase deposition, we support our findings and discuss the effects of nanoparticle coalescence as well as inter-particle distances on sensor functionalisation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L Reiner
- Materials Center Leoben Forschung GmbH 8700 Leoben Austria
| | - L Egger
- Materials Center Leoben Forschung GmbH 8700 Leoben Austria
| | - E Lackner
- Materials Center Leoben Forschung GmbH 8700 Leoben Austria
| | - J Krainer
- Materials Center Leoben Forschung GmbH 8700 Leoben Austria
| | | | - V Singh
- Nanoparticles by Design Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST), Graduate University 904-0495 Okinawa Japan
| | - S Steinhauer
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology 106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - P Grammatikopoulos
- Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Shantou Guangdong 515063 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Energy Conversion, Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Shantou Guangdong 515063 China
| | - A Koeck
- Materials Center Leoben Forschung GmbH 8700 Leoben Austria
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Grammatikopoulos P, Bouloumis T, Steinhauer S. Gas-phase synthesis of nanoparticles: current application challenges and instrumentation development responses. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:897-912. [PMID: 36537176 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04068a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles constitute fundamental building blocks required in several fields of application with current global importance. To fully exploit nanoparticle properties specifically determined by the size, shape, chemical composition and interfacial configuration, rigorous nanoparticle growth and deposition control is needed. Gas-phase synthesis, in particular magnetron-sputtering inert-gas condensation, provides unique opportunities to realise engineered nanoparticles optimised for the desired use case. Here, we provide an overview of recent nanoparticle growth experiments via this technique, how the latter can meet application-specific requirements, and what challenges might impede the wide-spread adoption for scalable industrial synthesis. More specifically, we discuss the timely topics of energy, catalysis, and sensing applications enabled by gas-phase synthesised nanoparticles, as well as recently emerging advances in neuromorphic devices for unconventional computing. Having identified the most relevant challenges and limiting factors, we outline how advances in nanoparticle source instrumentation and/or in situ diagnostics can address current shortcomings. Eventually we identify common trends and directions, giving our perspective on the most promising and impactful applications of gas-phase synthesised nanoparticles in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Grammatikopoulos
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Energy Conversion, Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.,Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
| | - Theodoros Bouloumis
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) Graduate University, 1919-1 Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Stephan Steinhauer
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm SE 106 91, Sweden
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Sun B, Li Q, Su G, Meng B, Wu M, Zhang Q, Meng J, Shi B. Insights into Chlorobenzene Catalytic Oxidation over Noble Metal Loading {001}-TiO 2: The Role of NaBH 4 and Subnanometer Ru Undergoing Stable Ru 0↔Ru 4+ Circulation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:16292-16302. [PMID: 36168671 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic combustion of ubiquitous chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) encounters bottlenecks regarding catalyst deactivation by chlorine poisoning and generation of toxic polychlorinated byproducts. Herein, Ru, Pd, and Rh were loaded on {001}-TiO2 for thermal catalytic oxidation of chlorobenzene (CB), with Ru/{001}-TiO2 representing superior reactivity, CO2 selectivity, and stability in the 1000 min on-stream test. Interestingly, both acid sites and reactive active oxygen species (ROS) were remarkably promoted via adding NaBH4. But merely enhancing these active sites of the catalyst in CVOC treatment is insufficient. Continuous deep oxidation of CB with effective Cl desorption is also a core issue successfully tackled through the steady Ru0↔Ru4+ circulation. This circulation was facilitated by the observed higher subnanometer Ru dispersion on {001}-TiO2 than the other two noble metals that was supported by single atom stability DFT calculation. Nearly 88 degradation products in off-gas were detected, with Ru/{001}-TiO2 producing the lowest polychlorinated benzene byproducts. An effective and sustainable CB degradation mechanism boosted by the cooperation of NaBH4 enhanced active sites and Ru circulation was proposed accordingly. Insights gained from this study open a new avenue to the rational design of promising catalysts for the treatment of CVOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohua Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guijin Su
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bowen Meng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Mingge Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qifan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Meng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Goodman ED, Asundi AS, Hoffman AS, Bustillo KC, Stebbins JF, Bare SR, Bent SF, Cargnello M. Monolayer Support Control and Precise Colloidal Nanocrystals Demonstrate Metal-Support Interactions in Heterogeneous Catalysts. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2104533. [PMID: 34535919 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electronic and geometric interactions between active and support phases are critical in determining the activity of heterogeneous catalysts, but metal-support interactions are challenging to study. Here, it is demonstrated how the combination of the monolayer-controlled formation using atomic layer deposition (ALD) and colloidal nanocrystal synthesis methods leads to catalysts with sub-nanometer precision of active and support phases, thus allowing for the study of the metal-support interactions in detail. The use of this approach in developing a fundamental understanding of support effects in Pd-catalyzed methane combustion is demonstrated. Uniform Pd nanocrystals are deposited onto Al2 O3 /SiO2 spherical supports prepared with control over morphology and Al2 O3 layer thicknesses ranging from sub-monolayer to a ≈4 nm thick uniform coating. Dramatic changes in catalytic activity depending on the coverage and structure of Al2 O3 situated at the Pd/Al2 O3 interface are observed, with even a single monolayer of alumina contributing an order of magnitude increase in reaction rate. By building the Pd/Al2 O3 interface up layer-by-layer and using uniform Pd nanocrystals, this work demonstrates the importance of controlled and tunable materials in determining metal-support interactions and catalyst activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmett D Goodman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Arun S Asundi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Adam S Hoffman
- SSRL, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Karen C Bustillo
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jonathan F Stebbins
- Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Simon R Bare
- SSRL, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Stacey F Bent
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Matteo Cargnello
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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Abstract
Metal oxide semiconductors have found widespread applications in chemical sensors based on electrical transduction principles, in particular for the detection of a large variety of gaseous analytes, including environmental pollutants and hazardous gases. This review recapitulates the progress in copper oxide nanomaterial-based devices, while discussing decisive factors influencing gas sensing properties and performance. Literature reports on the highly sensitive detection of several target molecules, including volatile organic compounds, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen and nitrogen oxide from parts-per-million down to parts-per-billion concentrations are compared. Physico-chemical mechanisms for sensing and transduction are summarized and prospects for future developments are outlined.
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Datta A, Deolka S, Kumar P, Ziadi Z, Sasaki T, Steinhauer S, Singh V, Jian N, Danielson E, Porkovich AJ. In situ investigation of oxidation across a heterogeneous nanoparticle-support interface during metal support interactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:2063-2071. [PMID: 33432935 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05697a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between oxide supports and noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) is an area of intense research interest across all fields of catalysis. Oxygen spillover, metal support interactions (MSIs) and charge transfer are among many mechanisms observed and proposed as to how NP-support interfaces assist and enhance catalysis. This work studies the migration of oxygen across the Pd NP-CuO nanowire (NW) interface and beyond. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) found an interaction between the Pd NP and CuO NW support, via the formation of PdO at the Pd-CuO interface. It was found, through in situ irradiation at high vacuum transmission electron microscopy (TEM), that oxygen enters the Pd NP lattice from the Pd-CuO interface via amorphization of the NP. Varying the amount of irradiation highlighted the different rates of amorphization of NPs, with full amorphization of a NP leading to the formation of an epitaxially driven PdO across the NPs. Interestingly, in situ heating in XPS observed a reduction to metallic Pd, found to be similarly amorphous during TEM investigation. On comparison with Pd supported on a non-reducible substrate - in which oxidation was found to proceed from the outer surface in, rather than the support interface (resulting in a PdO shell) - it is theorized that the oxidation and reduction of Pd on CuO forms a PdO NP surface full of Pd-PdO sites allowing for synergistic effects, of great use in the oxidation and hydrogenation of organic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abheek Datta
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-Son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
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Porkovich AJ, Kumar P, Ziadi Z, Lloyd DC, Weng L, Jian N, Sasaki T, Sowwan M, Datta A. Defect-assisted electronic metal-support interactions: tuning the interplay between Ru nanoparticles and CuO supports for pH-neutral oxygen evolution. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:71-80. [PMID: 33350421 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06685k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electronic metal-support interactions (EMSIs) comprise an area of intense study, the manipulation of which is of paramount importance in the improvement of heterogeneous metal nanoparticle (NP) supported catalysts. EMSI is the transfer of charge from the support to NP, enabling more effective adsorption and interaction of reactants during catalysis. Ru NPs on CuO supports show different levels of EMSI (via charge transfer) depending on their crystal structure, with multiple twinned NPs showing greater potential for EMSI. We use magnetron-assisted gas phase aggregation for the synthesis of batches of Ru NPs with different populations of single crystal and multiple twinned nanoparticles, which were deposited on CuO nanowires (NWs). The surface charging of the Ru-CuO catalysts was investigated by Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). By doubling the population of multiple twinned NPs, the surface potential of the Ru-CuO catalysts increases roughly 4 times, coinciding with a similar increase in the amount of Ru4+. Therefore, tuning the amount of EMSI in a catalyst is possible through changing the population of multiple twinned Ru NPs in the catalyst. Increasing the amount of multiple twin NPs resulted in improved activity in the oxygen evolution reaction (a roughly 2.5 times decrease in the overpotentials when the population of multiple twinned NPs is increased) and better catalyst stability. This improvement is attributed to the fact that the multiple twin NPs maintained a metallic character under oxidation conditions (unlike single crystal NPs) due to the EMSI between the NP and support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Porkovich
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-Son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
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Nikoulis G, Grammatikopoulos P, Steinhauer S, Kioseoglou J. NanoMaterialsCAD: Flexible Software for the Design of Nanostructures. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202000232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgos Nikoulis
- Department of Physics Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki GR‐54124 Greece
| | - Panagiotis Grammatikopoulos
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University 1919‐1 Tancha, Onna‐Son Okinawa 904‐0495 Japan
| | - Stephan Steinhauer
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University 1919‐1 Tancha, Onna‐Son Okinawa 904‐0495 Japan
| | - Joseph Kioseoglou
- Department of Physics Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki GR‐54124 Greece
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9
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Danielson E, Dindo M, Porkovich AJ, Kumar P, Wang Z, Jain P, Mete T, Ziadi Z, Kikkeri R, Laurino P, Sowwan M. Non-enzymatic and highly sensitive lactose detection utilizing graphene field-effect transistors. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 165:112419. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Cai R, Martelli F, Vernieres J, Albonetti S, Dimitratos N, Tizaoui C, Palmer RE. Scale-Up of Cluster Beam Deposition to the Gram Scale with the Matrix Assembly Cluster Source for Heterogeneous Catalysis (Catalytic Ozonation of Nitrophenol in Aqueous Solution). ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:24877-24882. [PMID: 32391685 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The deposition of precisely controlled clusters from the beam onto suitable supports represents a novel method to prepare advanced cluster-based catalysts. In principle, cluster size, composition, and morphology can be tuned or selected prior to deposition. The newly invented matrix assembly cluster source (MACS) offers one solution to the long-standing problem of low cluster deposition rate. Demonstrations of the cluster activities under realistic reaction conditions are now needed. We deposited elemental silver (Ag) and gold (Au) clusters onto gram-scale powders of commercial titanium dioxide (TiO2) to investigate the catalytic oxidation of nitrophenol (a representative pollutant in water) by ozone in aqueous solution, as relevant to the removal of waste drugs from the water supply. A range of techniques, including scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area test, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), were employed to reveal the catalyst size, morphology, surface area, and oxidation state. Both the Ag and Au cluster catalysts proved active for the nitrophenol ozonation. The cluster catalysts showed activities at least comparable to those of catalysts made by traditional chemical methods in the literature, demonstrating the potential applications of the cluster beam deposition method for practical heterogeneous catalysis in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongsheng Cai
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, SwanseaSA1 8EN, U.K
| | - Francesca Martelli
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento, 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jerome Vernieres
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, SwanseaSA1 8EN, U.K
| | - Stefania Albonetti
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento, 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nikolaos Dimitratos
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento, 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Chedly Tizaoui
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, SwanseaSA1 8EN, U.K
| | - Richard E Palmer
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, SwanseaSA1 8EN, U.K
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