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Babayode DA, Peterson SC, Haber LH. Size-dependent growth dynamics of silver-gold core-shell nanoparticles monitored by in situ second harmonic generation and extinction spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:084710. [PMID: 39193945 DOI: 10.1063/5.0217901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The in situ growth dynamics of colloidal silver-gold core-shell (Ag@Au CS) nanoparticles (NPs) are studied using time-dependent second harmonic generation (SHG) and extinction spectroscopy. Four sequential additions of chloroauric acid, sodium citrate, and hydroquinone are added to a silver nanoparticle solution to form a gold shell around a 45 nm silver core under different reaction conditions, resulting in final sizes ranging from 80 to 125 nm in diameter. In the first addition, a bumpy, urchin-like surface morphology is produced, while the second, third, and fourth additions provide additional nanoparticle growth with the surface morphology becoming more smooth and uniform, as shown using transmission electron microscopy measurements. The in situ extinction spectra increase in intensity for each addition, where blue-shifting and spectral narrowing are observed as the Ag@Au CS NPs grow in size. The extinction spectra are compared to Mie theory simulations, showing general agreement at later stages of the reactions for smooth CS surfaces. The in situ SHG signal is dominated by surface-enhanced plasmonic hotspots at the early stages of the shell growth, followed by gradual decreases in signal as the surface becomes more smooth. Two-photon fluorescence is also monitored during the CS growth, showing complementary information for comparisons to the extinction and SHG results. The holistic study of the synthesis and characterization of Ag@Au CS nanoparticles using in situ SHG spectroscopy, extinction spectroscopy, and Mie theory simulations allows for a comprehensive analysis of the complex growth dynamics occurring at the nanoscale for developing optimized plasmonic nanomaterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Babayode
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Stena C Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Louis H Haber
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
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2
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Zhao T, Liu X, Nepal D, Park K, Vaia R, Nealey P, Knappenberger KL. Resolving plasmon-mediated high-order multiphoton excitation pathways in dolmen nanostructures using ultrafast nonlinear optical interferometry. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:054707. [PMID: 39092948 DOI: 10.1063/5.0218363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The multiphoton excitation pathways of plasmonic nanorod assemblies are described. By using dolmen structures formed from the directed assembly of three gold nanorods, plasmon-mediated three-photon excitation is resolved. These high-order multiphoton excitation channels were accessed by resonantly exciting a hybrid mode of the dolmen structure that was resonant with the 800-nm carrier wavelength of an ultrafast laser system. Rotation of the exciting field polarization to a non-resonant configuration did not generate third-order responses. Hence, the multiphoton excitation and resultant non-equilibrium electron distributions were generated by structure- and mode-selective excitation. Correlation between high-order and resonant plasmon excitation was achieved through sub-cycle time-resolved interferometric detection of incoherent nonlinear emission signals. The results illustrate the advantages of nonlinear optical interferometry and Fourier analysis for distinguishing plasmon-mediated processes from those that do not require plasmon excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Dhriti Nepal
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 2491 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, USA
| | - Kyoungyeon Park
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 2491 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, USA
| | - Richard Vaia
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 2491 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, USA
| | - Paul Nealey
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Kenneth L Knappenberger
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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3
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Liu S, Wang X, Dou Y, Wang Q, Kim J, Slebodnick C, Yan Y, Quan L. Direct Observation of Circularly Polarized Nonlinear Optical Activities in Chiral Hybrid Lead Halides. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:11835-11844. [PMID: 38570347 PMCID: PMC11066869 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Circularly polarized light emission is a crucial application in imaging, sensing, and photonics. However, utilizing low-energy photons to excite materials, as opposed to high-energy light excitation, can facilitate deep-tissue imaging and sensing applications. The challenge lies in finding materials capable of directly generating circularly polarized nonlinear optical effects. In this study, we introduce a chiral hybrid lead halide (CHLH) material system, R/S-DPEDPb3Br8·H2O (DPED = 1,2-diphenylethylenediammonium), which can directly produce circularly polarized second harmonic generation (CP-SHG) through linearly polarized infrared light excitation, exhibiting a polarization efficiency as high as 37% at room temperature. To understand the spin relaxation mechanisms behind the high polarization efficiency, we utilized two models, so-called D'yakonov-Perel' (DP) and Bir-Aronov-Pikus (BAP) mechanisms. The unique zigzag inorganic frameworks within the hybrid structure are believed to reduce the dielectric confinement and exciton binding energy, thus enhancing spin polarization, especially in regions with a high excitation pump fluence based on the DP mechanism. In the case of low excitation pump fluence, the BAP mechanism dominates, as evidenced by the observed decrease in the polarization ratio from CP-SHG measurement. Using density functional theory analysis, we elucidate how the distinctive 8-coordination environment of lead bromide building blocks effectively suppresses spin-orbit coupling at the conduction band minimum. This suppression significantly diminishes spin-splitting, thereby slowing the spin relaxation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunhao Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation
and Commercialization, The University of
Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Yixuan Dou
- Department
of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Qian Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Jiyoon Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Carla Slebodnick
- Department
of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Yanfa Yan
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation
and Commercialization, The University of
Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Lina Quan
- Department
of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Department
of Materials and Science Engineering, Virginia
Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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4
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Chattopadhyay S, Lipok M, Pfaffenberger ZJ, Olesiak-Bańska J, Biteen JS. Single-Particle Photoluminescence Measures a Heterogeneous Distribution of Differential Circular Absorbance of Gold Nanoparticle Aggregates near Constricted Thioflavin T Molecules. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:1618-1622. [PMID: 38306468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The chirality of biomacromolecules is critical for their function, but the optical signal of this chirality is small in the visible range. Plasmonic nanoparticles are antennas that can couple to this chiral signal. Here, we examine the molecular-scale mechanism behind the induced circular dichroism of gold nanorods (AuNRs) in solution with insulin fibrils and the fibril-intercalating dye thioflavin T (ThT) with polarization-resolved single-molecule fluorescence and single-particle photoluminescence (PL) imaging. We compared the PL upon excitation by left- and right-handed circularly polarized light to calculate the differential absorbance of AuNRs near insulin fibrils with and without ThT. Overall, our results indicate that AuNRs do not act as chiral absorbers near constricted ThT molecules. Instead, we hypothesize that fibrils promote AuNR aggregation, and this templating is mediated by subtle changes in the solution conditions; under the right conditions, only a few chiral aggregates with significantly higher circular dichroism signal contribute to a large net circular dichroism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saaj Chattopadhyay
- Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, United States
| | - Maciej Lipok
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-37044 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Olesiak-Bańska
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-37044 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Julie S Biteen
- Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, United States
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Whiting EB, Kang L, Jenkins RP, Campbell SD, Werner DH. Broadband plasmonic chiral meta-mirrors. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:22415-22423. [PMID: 37475353 DOI: 10.1364/oe.494714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Chiral meta-mirrors provide a unique opportunity for achieving handedness-selective strong light-matter interaction at the nanometer scale. Importantly, the chiral resonances observed in chiral meta-mirrors arise from the spin-dependent resonant cavity which, however, is generally narrowband. In this paper, by exploiting a genetic algorithm (GA) based optimization method, we numerically validate a chiral meta-mirror with octave bandwidth. In particular, in the wavelength range from 1000 to 2000 nm, the proposed chiral meta-mirror strongly absorbs circularly polarized light of one handedness while highly reflecting the other. A field analysis indicates that the observed broadband chiroptical response can be attributed to the multiple chiral resonances supported by the optimized meta-mirror across the band of interest. The observed broadband chiral response confirms the potential of advanced inverse-design approaches for the creation of chiral metadevices with sophisticated functionalities. Based on the Lorentz reciprocity theorem, we show that the proposed meta-mirror can enable chiral-selective broadband second harmonic generation (SHG). Our study indicates that the application of advanced inverse-design approaches can greatly facilitate the development of metadevices with strong chiral response in both the linear and nonlinear regimes.
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Steves M, Knappenberger KL. Distinguishing Single-Metal Nanoparticles with Subdiffraction Spatial Resolution Using Variable-Polarization Fourier Transform Nonlinear Optical Microscopy. CHEMICAL & BIOMEDICAL IMAGING 2023; 1:91-98. [PMID: 37122832 PMCID: PMC10131489 DOI: 10.1021/cbmi.3c00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The development and use of interferometric variable-polarization Fourier transform nonlinear optical (vpFT-NLO) imaging to distinguish colloidal nanoparticles colocated within the optical diffraction limit is described. Using a collinear train of phase-stabilized pulse pairs with orthogonal electric field vectors, the polarization of nonlinear excitation fields are controllably modulated between linear, circular, and various elliptical states. Polarization modulation is achieved by precise control over the time delay separating the orthogonal pulse pairs to within hundreds of attoseconds. The resultant emission from gold nanorods is imaged to a 2D array detector and correlated to the excitation field polarization and plasmon resonance frequency by Fourier transformation. Gold nanorods with length-to-diameter aspect ratios of 2 support a longitudinal surface plasmon resonance at approximately 800 nm, which is resonant with the excitation fundamental carrier wavelength. Differences in the intrinsic linear and circular dichroism resulting from variation in their relative alignment with respect to the laboratory frame enable optical differentiation of nanorods separated within 50 nm, which is an approximate 5-fold improvement over the diffraction limit of the microscope. The experimental results are supported by analytical simulations. In addition to subdiffraction spatial resolution, the vpFT-NLO method intrinsically provides the polarization- and frequency-dependent resonance response of the nanoparticles-providing spectroscopic information content along with super-resolution imaging capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenneth L. Knappenberger
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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Wang S, Liu X, Mourdikoudis S, Chen J, Fu W, Sofer Z, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Zheng G. Chiral Au Nanorods: Synthesis, Chirality Origin, and Applications. ACS NANO 2022; 16:19789-19809. [PMID: 36454684 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chiral Au nanorods (c-Au NRs) with diverse architectures constitute an interesting nanospecies in the field of chiral nanophotonics. The numerous possible plasmonic behaviors of Au NRs can be coupled with chirality to initiate, tune, and amplify their chiroptical response. Interdisciplinary technologies have boosted the development of fabrication and applications of c-Au NRs. Herein, we have focused on the role of chirality in c-Au NRs which helps to manipulate the light-matter interaction in nontraditional ways. A broad overview on the chirality origin, chirality transfer, chiroptical activities, artificially synthetic methodologies, and circularly polarized applications of c-Au NRs will be summarized and discussed. A deeper understanding of light-matter interaction in c-Au NRs will help to manipulate the chirality at the nanoscale, reveal the natural evolution process taking place, and set up a series of circularly polarized applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenli Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Road 100, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xing Liu
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Stefanos Mourdikoudis
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Road 100, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Fu
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Zdeněk Sofer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Shunping Zhang
- School of Physics and Technology and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan430072, P. R. China
| | - Guangchao Zheng
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
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8
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Feng JR, Zhao ZR, Xiong ZL, Kang HS, Ding SJ, Ma L, Zhou L. Ultrabroad spectral response and excellent SERS performance of PbS-assisted Au/PbS/Au nanostars. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:17633-17640. [PMID: 36412494 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04666k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Noble metal nanomaterials have many excellent optical properties due to localized surface plasmon resonance induced by external electric and magnetic fields. The plasmon-enhanced optical properties of nanomaterials can be controlled by changing their shapes or compositions. Here, we use a gentle approach to synthesize Au/PbS/Au nanostars with multiple tips and explore the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity, the second harmonic generation (SHG), and photocatalytic performance. The Au/PbS/Au nanostars have ultrabroad spectral responses and significantly enhanced local electric fields near the sharp tips. The size and tip length of the Au/PbS/Au nanostars can be adjusted by changing the amount of HAuCl4. The Au/PbS/Au nanostars exhibit largely enhanced SERS activity and photocatalytic degradation efficiency compared with the Au bipyramids and the Au BPs@PbS nanocrystals. In addition, the SHG of Au/PbS/Au nanostars is also significantly enhanced due to asymmetry and local field enhancement. This research shows potential in many applications ranging from photophysics to photochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ru Feng
- School of Mathematics and Physics, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.
| | - Zhi-Rui Zhao
- School of Mathematics and Physics, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.
| | - Zhong-Long Xiong
- School of Mathematics and Physics, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.
| | - Hao-Sen Kang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China.
| | - Si-Jing Ding
- School of Mathematics and Physics, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.
| | - Liang Ma
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China.
| | - Li Zhou
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
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