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Kabir T, Yoshiba H, Agista AZ, Sultana H, Ohsaki Y, Yeh CL, Hirakawa R, Tani H, Ikuta T, Nochi T, Yang SC, Shirakawa H. Protective Effects of Gnetin C from Melinjo Seed Extract against High-Fat Diet-Induced Hepatic Steatosis and Liver Fibrosis in NAFLD Mice Model. Nutrients 2023; 15:3888. [PMID: 37764672 PMCID: PMC10538079 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common form of chronic liver disease, can progress to hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and advanced fibrosis, increasing the risk of cirrhosis. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, is beneficial in treating multiple metabolic diseases. Gnetin C, a resveratrol derivative obtained from Melinjo seed extract (MSE), shares similar health-promoting properties. We investigated the role of gnetin C in preventing NAFLD in a mouse model and compared it with resveratrol. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a control diet (10% calories from fat), a high-fat choline-deficient (HFCD) diet (46% calories from fat) and HFCD diet supplemented with gnetin C (150 mg/kg BW·day-1) or resveratrol (150 mg/kg BW·day-1) for 12 weeks. Gnetin C supplementation reduced body and liver weight, and improved blood glucose levels and insulin sensitivity. Both gnetin C- and resveratrol reduced hepatic steatosis, with gnetin C also decreasing liver lipid content. Gnetin C and resveratrol ameliorated HFCD diet-induced hepatic fibrosis. The mRNA expression results, and western blot analyses showed that gnetin C and, to some extent, resveratrol downregulated fibrosis markers in the TGF-β1 signaling pathway, indicating a possible safeguarding mechanism against NAFLD. These results suggest that gnetin C supplementation may protect against lipid deposition and hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohfa Kabir
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Haruki Yoshiba
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Afifah Zahra Agista
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Halima Sultana
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ohsaki
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Chiu-Li Yeh
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ryota Hirakawa
- Laboratory of Functional Morphology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tani
- Institute for Bee Products and Health Science, Yamada Bee Company, Inc., Okayama 708-0393, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ikuta
- Institute for Bee Products and Health Science, Yamada Bee Company, Inc., Okayama 708-0393, Japan
| | - Tomonori Nochi
- International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Laboratory of Functional Morphology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Suh-Ching Yang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hitoshi Shirakawa
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
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Teka T, Zhang L, Ge X, Li Y, Han L, Yan X. Stilbenes: Source plants, chemistry, biosynthesis, pharmacology, application and problems related to their clinical Application-A comprehensive review. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 197:113128. [PMID: 35183567 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Stilbenes are some of the important phenolic compounds originating from plant families like Vitaceae, Leguminaceae, Gnetaceae, and Dipterocarpaceae. Structurally, they have a C6-C2-C6 skeleton, usually with two isomeric forms. Stilbenes are biosynthesized due to biotic and abiotic stresses such as microbial infections, high temperatures, and oxidation. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of stilbenes' botanical sources, chemistry, biosynthetic pathways, pharmacology, and clinical applications and challenges based on up-to-date data. All included studies were collected from PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and CNKI, and the presented data from these indexed studies were analyzed and summarized. A total of 459 natural stilbene compounds from 45 plant families and 196 plant species were identified. Pharmacological studies also show that stilbenes have various activities such as anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-degenerative diseases, anti-diabetic, neuroprotective, anti-aging, and cardioprotective effects. Stilbene synthase (STS) is the key enzyme involved in stilbene biosynthetic pathways. Studies on the therapeutic application of stilbenes pinpoint that challenges such as low bioavailability and isomerization are the major bottlenecks for their development as therapeutic drugs. Although the medicinal uses of several stilbenes have been demonstrated in vivo and in vitro, studies on the development of stilbenes deserve more attention in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tekleab Teka
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, P. O. Box 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Lele Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Yanjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Lifeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China.
| | - Xiaohui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China.
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Shang Y, Li X, Li Z, Zhou J, Qu L, Chen K. Theoretical study on the radical scavenging activity and mechanism of four kinds of Gnetin molecule. Food Chem 2021; 378:131975. [PMID: 35033703 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
As an important subgroup of resveratrol oligomers, Gnetins received much attention due to their antioxidants. The four Gnetin molecules are divided into two major categories according to different structures, type-A (Gnetin-C, Gnetin-D) and type-B (Gnetin-L, Gnetin-F). Density functional theory (DFT) has been performed thermodynamically and kinetically in detail to analyze the structure and antioxidant activity of four Gnetins toward OH/OOH radical in the gas and solvents phase with four possible antioxidant mechanisms, namely, Hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT), Single electron transfer followed by proton transfer (SET-PT), Sequential proton-loss electron transfer (SPLET), and Radical adduct formation (RAF). From these calculations; Gnetins' order of antioxidant activity was estimated as: Gnetin-C ≈ Gnetin-L > Resveratrol > Gnetin-D > Gnetin-F. All investigations suggested that type A has a higher radical scavenging activity compared to type B. On the basis of the structure-activity relationship, type A structure may have more vital antioxidant potential in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxuan Shang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, P. R. China
| | - Xiangzhou Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, P. R. China.
| | - Zhaoshuang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, P. R. China
| | - Limin Qu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, P. R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
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Khoirunisa V, Rusydi F, Boli LSP, Saputro AG, Rachmawati H, Nakanishi H, Kasai H, Dipojono HK. Computational Investigation on the ∙OOH Scavenging Sites of Gnetin C. FOOD BIOPHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11483-021-09666-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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