1
|
Rani A, Ren W, Lee HJ, Hong SH, Kim TG. Synthesis, Properties, and Application of Ultrathin and Flexible Tellurium Nanorope Films: Beyond Conventional 2D Materials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2300557. [PMID: 37641190 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials that can be easily processed into thin films are highly desirable for their wide range of applicability in electrical and optical devices. Currently, Te-based 2D materials are of interest because of their superior electrical properties compared to transition metal dichalcogenide materials. However, the large-scale manufacturing of these materials is challenging, impeding their commercialization. This paper reports on ultrathin, large-scale, and highly flexible Te and Te-metal nanorope films grown via low-power radiofrequency sputtering for a short period at 25 °C. Additionally, the feasibility of such films as transistor channels and flexible transparent conductive electrodes is discussed. A 20 nm thick Te-Ni-nanorope-channel-based transistor exhibits a high mobility (≈450 cm2 V-1 s-1 ) and on/off ratio (105 ), while 7 nm thick Te-W nanorope electrodes exhibit an extremely low haze (1.7%) and sheet resistance (30 Ω sq-1 ), and high transmittance (86.4%), work function (≈4.9 eV), and flexibility. Blue organic light-emitting diodes with 7 nm Te-W anodes exhibit significantly higher external quantum efficiencies (15.7%), lower turn-on voltages (3.2 V), and higher and more uniform viewing angles than indium-tin-oxide-based devices. The excellent mechanical flexibility and easy coating capability offered by Te nanoropes demonstrate their superiority over conventional nanomaterials and provide an effective outlet for multifunctional devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adila Rani
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02842, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanqi Ren
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02842, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jin Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02842, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Hee Hong
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02842, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Geun Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02842, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Filipovic L, Selberherr S. Application of Two-Dimensional Materials towards CMOS-Integrated Gas Sensors. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12203651. [PMID: 36296844 PMCID: PMC9611560 DOI: 10.3390/nano12203651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
During the last few decades, the microelectronics industry has actively been investigating the potential for the functional integration of semiconductor-based devices beyond digital logic and memory, which includes RF and analog circuits, biochips, and sensors, on the same chip. In the case of gas sensor integration, it is necessary that future devices can be manufactured using a fabrication technology which is also compatible with the processes applied to digital logic transistors. This will likely involve adopting the mature complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) fabrication technique or a technique which is compatible with CMOS due to the inherent low costs, scalability, and potential for mass production that this technology provides. While chemiresistive semiconductor metal oxide (SMO) gas sensors have been the principal semiconductor-based gas sensor technology investigated in the past, resulting in their eventual commercialization, they need high-temperature operation to provide sufficient energies for the surface chemical reactions essential for the molecular detection of gases in the ambient. Therefore, the integration of a microheater in a MEMS structure is a requirement, which can be quite complex. This is, therefore, undesirable and room temperature, or at least near-room temperature, solutions are readily being investigated and sought after. Room-temperature SMO operation has been achieved using UV illumination, but this further complicates CMOS integration. Recent studies suggest that two-dimensional (2D) materials may offer a solution to this problem since they have a high likelihood for integration with sophisticated CMOS fabrication while also providing a high sensitivity towards a plethora of gases of interest, even at room temperature. This review discusses many types of promising 2D materials which show high potential for integration as channel materials for digital logic field effect transistors (FETs) as well as chemiresistive and FET-based sensing films, due to the presence of a sufficiently wide band gap. This excludes graphene from this review, while recent achievements in gas sensing with graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), phosphorene, and MXenes are examined.
Collapse
|
3
|
Crapnell RD, Banks CE. Electroanalytical overview: utilising micro- and nano-dimensional sized materials in electrochemical-based biosensing platforms. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:268. [PMID: 34296349 PMCID: PMC8298255 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04913-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Research into electrochemical biosensors represents a significant portion of the large interdisciplinary field of biosensing. The drive to develop reliable, sensitive, and selective biosensing platforms for key environmental and medical biomarkers is ever expanding due to the current climate. This push for the detection of vital biomarkers at lower concentrations, with increased reliability, has necessitated the utilisation of micro- and nano-dimensional materials. There is a wide variety of nanomaterials available for exploration, all having unique sets of properties that help to enhance the performance of biosensors. In recent years, a large portion of research has focussed on combining these different materials to utilise the different properties in one sensor platform. This research has allowed biosensors to reach new levels of sensitivity, but we note that there is room for improvement in the reporting of this field. Numerous examples are published that report improvements in the biosensor performance through the mixing of multiple materials, but there is little discussion presented on why each nanomaterial is chosen and whether they synergise well together to warrant the inherent increase in production time and cost. Research into micro-nano materials is vital for the continued development of improved biosensing platforms, and further exploration into understanding their individual and synergistic properties will continue to push the area forward. It will continue to provide solutions for the global sensing requirements through the development of novel materials with beneficial properties, improved incorporation strategies for the materials, the combination of synergetic materials, and the reduction in cost of production of these nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Crapnell
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Craig E Banks
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mouloua D, Kotbi A, Deokar G, Kaja K, El Marssi M, EL Khakani MA, Jouiad M. Recent Progress in the Synthesis of MoS 2 Thin Films for Sensing, Photovoltaic and Plasmonic Applications: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:3283. [PMID: 34198592 PMCID: PMC8231843 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the surge of recent successes of 2D materials following the rise of graphene, molybdenum disulfide (2D-MoS2) has been attracting growing attention from both fundamental and applications viewpoints, owing to the combination of its unique nanoscale properties. For instance, the bandgap of 2D-MoS2, which changes from direct (in the bulk form) to indirect for ultrathin films (few layers), offers new prospects for various applications in optoelectronics. In this review, we present the latest scientific advances in the field of synthesis and characterization of 2D-MoS2 films while highlighting some of their applications in energy harvesting, gas sensing, and plasmonic devices. A survey of the physical and chemical processing routes of 2D-MoS2 is presented first, followed by a detailed description and listing of the most relevant characterization techniques used to study the MoS2 nanomaterial as well as theoretical simulations of its interesting optical properties. Finally, the challenges related to the synthesis of high quality and fairly controllable MoS2 thin films are discussed along with their integration into novel functional devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Driss Mouloua
- Laboratory of Physics of Condensed Matter, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 33 Saint Leu, 80039 Amiens, France; (D.M.); (A.K.); (M.E.M.)
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre-Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, 1650, Blvd, Lionel–Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X-1S2, Canada
| | - Ahmed Kotbi
- Laboratory of Physics of Condensed Matter, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 33 Saint Leu, 80039 Amiens, France; (D.M.); (A.K.); (M.E.M.)
| | - Geetanjali Deokar
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, Kaust University, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khaled Kaja
- Laboratoire National de métrologie et d’essais (LNE), 29 av. Roger Hannequin, 78197 Trappes, France;
| | - Mimoun El Marssi
- Laboratory of Physics of Condensed Matter, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 33 Saint Leu, 80039 Amiens, France; (D.M.); (A.K.); (M.E.M.)
| | - My Ali EL Khakani
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre-Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, 1650, Blvd, Lionel–Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X-1S2, Canada
| | - Mustapha Jouiad
- Laboratory of Physics of Condensed Matter, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 33 Saint Leu, 80039 Amiens, France; (D.M.); (A.K.); (M.E.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hughes JP, Rowley-Neale S, Banks C. Enhancing the efficiency of the hydrogen evolution reaction utilising Fe 3P bulk modified screen-printed electrodes via the application of a magnetic field. RSC Adv 2021; 11:8073-8079. [PMID: 35423332 PMCID: PMC8695104 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10150h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the fabrication and optimisation of Fe3P bulk modified screen-printed electrochemical platforms (SPEs) for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) within acidic media. We optimise the achievable current density towards the HER of the Fe3P SPEs by utilising ball-milled Fe3P variants and increasing the mass percentage of Fe3P incorporated into the SPEs. Additionally, the synergy of the application of a variable weak (constant) external magnetic field (330 mT to 40 mT) beneficially augments the current density output by 56%. This paper not only highlights the benefits of physical catalyst optimisation but also demonstrates a methodology to further enhance the cathodic efficiency of the HER with the facile application of a weak (constant) magnetic field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jack P Hughes
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University Chester Street Manchester M1 5GD UK +44 (0)1612476831 +44 (0)1612471196
- Manchester Fuel Cell Innovation Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University Chester Street Manchester M1 5GD UK
| | - Samuel Rowley-Neale
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University Chester Street Manchester M1 5GD UK +44 (0)1612476831 +44 (0)1612471196
- Manchester Fuel Cell Innovation Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University Chester Street Manchester M1 5GD UK
| | - Craig Banks
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University Chester Street Manchester M1 5GD UK +44 (0)1612476831 +44 (0)1612471196
- Manchester Fuel Cell Innovation Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University Chester Street Manchester M1 5GD UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
García-Miranda Ferrari A, Rowley-Neale SJ, Banks CE. Recent advances in 2D hexagonal boron nitride (2D-hBN) applied as the basis of electrochemical sensing platforms. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:663-672. [PMID: 33284404 PMCID: PMC7808977 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-03068-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
2D hexagonal boron nitride (2D-hBN) is a lesser utilised material than other 2D counterparts in electrochemistry due to initial reports of it being non-conductive. As we will demonstrate in this review, this common misconception is being challenged, and researchers are starting to utilise 2D-hBN in the field of electrochemistry, particularly as the basis of electroanalytical sensing platforms. In this critical review, we overview the use of 2D-hBN as an electroanalytical sensing platform summarising recent developments and trends and highlight future developments of this interesting, often overlooked, 2D material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel J Rowley-Neale
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Craig E Banks
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Scremin J, Joviano Dos Santos IV, Hughes JP, García-Miranda Ferrari A, Valderrama E, Zheng W, Zhong X, Zhao X, Sartori EJR, Crapnell RD, Rowley-Neale SJ, Banks CE. Platinum nanoparticle decorated vertically aligned graphene screen-printed electrodes: electrochemical characterisation and exploration towards the hydrogen evolution reaction. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:18214-18224. [PMID: 32856624 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04336b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We present the fabrication of platinum (Pt0) nanoparticle (ca. 3 nm average diameter) decorated vertically aligned graphene (VG) screen-printed electrodes (Pt/VG-SPE) and explore their physicochemical characteristics and electrocatalytic activity towards the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in acidic media (0.5 M H2SO4). The Pt/VG-SPEs exhibit remarkable HER activity with an overpotential (recorded at -10 mA cm-2) and Tafel value of 47 mV (vs. RHE) and 27 mV dec-1. These values demonstrate the Pt/VG-SPEs as significantly more electrocatalytic than a bare/unmodified VG-SPE (789 mV (vs. RHE) and 97 mV dec-1). The uniform coverage of Pt0 nanoparticles (ca. 3 nm) upon the VG-SPE support results in a low loading of Pt0 nanoparticles (ca. 4 μg cm-2), yet yields comparable HER activity to optimal Pt based catalysts reported in the literature, with the advantages of being comparatively cheap, highly reproducible and tailorable platforms for HER catalysis. In order to test any potential dissolution of Pt0 from the Pt/VG-SPE surface, which is a key consideration for any HER catalyst, we additively manufactured (AM) a bespoke electrochemical flow cell that allowed for the electrolyte to be collected at regular intervals and analysed via inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The AM electrochemical cell can be rapidly tailored to a plethora of geometries making it compatible with any size/shape of electrochemical platform. This work presents a novel and highly competitive HER platform and a novel AM technique for exploring the extent of Pt0 nanoparticle dissolution upon the electrode surface, making it an essential study for those seeking to test the stability/catalyst discharge of their given electrochemical platforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Scremin
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang T, Huang J, Xia Y, Zhao R, Sun B, Xiong J, Tao B, Wang H, Zhao Y. A high-efficiency electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution based on tree-like amorphous MoS2 nanostructures prepared by glancing angle deposition. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2020.121255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
9
|
García-Miranda Ferrari A, Brownson DAC, Abo Dena AS, Foster CW, Rowley-Neale SJ, Banks CE. Tailoring the electrochemical properties of 2D-hBN via physical linear defects: physicochemical, computational and electrochemical characterisation. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:264-273. [PMID: 36133988 PMCID: PMC9418537 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00530g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Monolayer hexagonal-boron nitride films (2D-hBN) are typically reported within the literature to be electrochemically inactive due to their considerable band gap (ca. 5.2-5.8 eV). It is demonstrated herein that introducing physical linear defects (PLDs) upon the basal plane surface of 2D-hBN gives rise to electrochemically useful signatures. The reason for this transformation from insulator to semiconductor (inferred from physicochemical and computational characterisation) is likely due to full hydrogenation and oxygen passivation of the boron and/or nitrogen at edge sites. This results in a decrease in the band gap (from ca. 6.11 to 2.36/2.84 eV; theoretical calculated values, for the fully hydrogenated oxygen passivation at the N or B respectively). The 2D-hBN films are shown to be tailored through the introduction of PLDs, with the electrochemical behaviour dependent upon the surface coverage of edge plane-sites/defects, which is correlated with electrochemical performance towards redox probes (hexaammineruthenium(iii) chloride and Fe2+/3+) and the hydrogen evolution reaction. This manuscript de-convolutes, for the first time, the fundamental electron transfer properties of 2D-hBN, demonstrating that through implementation of PLDs, one can beneficially tailor the electrochemical properties of this nanomaterial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro García-Miranda Ferrari
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University Chester Street Manchester M1 5GD UK +44 (0)1612471196
- Manchester Fuel Cell Innovation Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University Chester Street Manchester M1 5GD UK
| | - Dale A C Brownson
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University Chester Street Manchester M1 5GD UK +44 (0)1612471196
- Manchester Fuel Cell Innovation Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University Chester Street Manchester M1 5GD UK
| | - Ahmed S Abo Dena
- Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Future University in Egypt (FUE) New Cairo Egypt
- National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR) P.O. Box 29 Giza Egypt
| | - Christopher W Foster
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University Chester Street Manchester M1 5GD UK +44 (0)1612471196
- Manchester Fuel Cell Innovation Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University Chester Street Manchester M1 5GD UK
| | - Samuel J Rowley-Neale
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University Chester Street Manchester M1 5GD UK +44 (0)1612471196
- Manchester Fuel Cell Innovation Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University Chester Street Manchester M1 5GD UK
| | - Craig E Banks
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University Chester Street Manchester M1 5GD UK +44 (0)1612471196
- Manchester Fuel Cell Innovation Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University Chester Street Manchester M1 5GD UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Santos PL, Rowley‐Neale SJ, Ferrari AG, Bonacin JA, Banks CE. Ni−Fe (Oxy)hydroxide Modified Graphene Additive Manufactured (3D‐Printed) Electrochemical Platforms as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201901541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pãmyla L. Santos
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Campinas P. O. Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas, SP Brazil
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Science and the Environment, Division of Chemistry and Environmental ScienceManchester Metropolitan University Chester Street Manchester M1 5GD UK
- Manchester Fuel Cell Innovation CentreManchester Metropolitan University Chester Street Manchester M1 5GD UK
| | - Samuel J. Rowley‐Neale
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Science and the Environment, Division of Chemistry and Environmental ScienceManchester Metropolitan University Chester Street Manchester M1 5GD UK
- Manchester Fuel Cell Innovation CentreManchester Metropolitan University Chester Street Manchester M1 5GD UK
| | - Alejandro G.‐M. Ferrari
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Science and the Environment, Division of Chemistry and Environmental ScienceManchester Metropolitan University Chester Street Manchester M1 5GD UK
- Manchester Fuel Cell Innovation CentreManchester Metropolitan University Chester Street Manchester M1 5GD UK
| | - Juliano A. Bonacin
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Campinas P. O. Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - Craig E. Banks
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Science and the Environment, Division of Chemistry and Environmental ScienceManchester Metropolitan University Chester Street Manchester M1 5GD UK
- Manchester Fuel Cell Innovation CentreManchester Metropolitan University Chester Street Manchester M1 5GD UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Randviir EP, Kanou O, Liauw CM, Miller GJ, Andrews HG, Smith GC. The physicochemical investigation of hydrothermally reduced textile waste and application within carbon-based electrodes. RSC Adv 2019; 9:11239-11252. [PMID: 35520266 PMCID: PMC9063389 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00175a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Textile waste is on the rise due to the expanding global population and the fast fashion market. Large volumes of textile waste are increasing the need for new methods for recycling mixed fabric materials. This paper employs a hydrothermal conversion route for a polyester/cotton mix in phosphoric acid to generate carbon materials (hydrochars) for electrochemical applications. A combination of characterization techniques revealed the reaction products were largely comprised of two major components. The first is a granular material with a surface C : O ratio of 2 : 1 interspersed with phosphorous and titanium proved using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and the other is a crystalline material with a surface C : O ratio of 3 : 2 containing no phosphorous or titanium. The latter material was found via X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry to be terephthalic acid. Electrochemical experiments conducted using the hydrochar as a carbon paste electrode demonstrates an increase in current response compared to carbon reference materials. The improved current responses, intrinsically related to the surface area of the material, could be beneficial for electrochemical sensor applications, meaning that this route holds promise for the development of a cheap recycled carbon material, using straightforward methods and simple laboratory reagents. A novel method for chemically processing blended textiles is investigated, revealing a conductive carbon material as a major product.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward P. Randviir
- School of Science and the Environment
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Manchester Metropolitan University
- Manchester M1 5GD
- UK
| | - Omar Kanou
- School of Science and the Environment
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Manchester Metropolitan University
- Manchester M1 5GD
- UK
| | - Christopher M. Liauw
- School of Healthcare Science
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Manchester Metropolitan University
- Manchester M1 5GD
- UK
| | - Gary J. Miller
- Technical Services
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Manchester Metropolitan University
- Manchester M1 5GD
- UK
| | - Hayley G. Andrews
- Technical Services
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Manchester Metropolitan University
- Manchester M1 5GD
- UK
| | - Graham C. Smith
- Department of Natural Sciences
- Faculty of Science & Engineering
- University of Chester
- Chester CH2 4NU
- UK
| |
Collapse
|