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Baser A, Basar B, Dogan HB, Sener G, Ozsamur NG, Celik FS, Altves S, Erbas-Cakmak S. Reprograming cancer cells by a BODIPY G-quadruplex stabiliser. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12447-12450. [PMID: 37779498 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03453d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
A cationic BODIPY-based G-quadruplex-selective stabiliser is developed and shown to decrease cancer cell migration-invasion up to 90%. The expression of critical genes (HIF1α, VIM, CDH1) related to metastasis is modulated. The stabiliser reprograms hypoxia-adaptive metabolism and an 1.82-fold increase in O2 consumption, enabling back-to-normal switching of energy metabolism, is observed. Stabilisers with a strong G-quadruplex affinity (0.38 μM Kd) significantly contribute to small molecule anti-cancer approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminesena Baser
- Konya Food and Agriculture University, Beysehir Cd. No: 9 Meram, Konya, Turkey
| | - Beyza Basar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Necmettin Erbakan University, Ahmet Kelesoglu Yerleskesi, Meram, 42090, Konya, Turkey.
- Science and Research Application Center (BİTAM), Necmettin Erbakan University, Koycegiz Yerleskesi, Meram, 42140, Konya, Turkey
| | - Hanim Beyza Dogan
- Konya Food and Agriculture University, Beysehir Cd. No: 9 Meram, Konya, Turkey
| | - Gulnur Sener
- Konya Food and Agriculture University, Beysehir Cd. No: 9 Meram, Konya, Turkey
| | - Nezahat Gokce Ozsamur
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Necmettin Erbakan University, Ahmet Kelesoglu Yerleskesi, Meram, 42090, Konya, Turkey.
- Science and Research Application Center (BİTAM), Necmettin Erbakan University, Koycegiz Yerleskesi, Meram, 42140, Konya, Turkey
| | - Fatma Secer Celik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Necmettin Erbakan University, Ahmet Kelesoglu Yerleskesi, Meram, 42090, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Safaa Altves
- Department of Medicinal Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram, 42080, Konya, Turkey
| | - Sundus Erbas-Cakmak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Necmettin Erbakan University, Ahmet Kelesoglu Yerleskesi, Meram, 42090, Konya, Turkey.
- Science and Research Application Center (BİTAM), Necmettin Erbakan University, Koycegiz Yerleskesi, Meram, 42140, Konya, Turkey
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Say B, Tatar B, Üzülmez B, Bakırcı ME, Gülseren G, Cakmak Y. Caging of Bodipy Photosensitizers through Hydrazone Bond Formation and their Activation Dynamics. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202300199. [PMID: 37078232 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Three unique hydrazone-based small-molecule-activatable photosensitizers were designed and synthesized. Two of them work efficiently in a low-pH environment, resembling the microenvironment of the cancerous tissues. The activation pathway is unique and based on hydrazone bond cleavage. They were investigated through in vitro cellular studies in aggressive cancer lines, and tumor-specific culture conditions successfully initiated the cleavage and activation of the cytotoxic singlet oxygen generation in the relevant time period. The interesting photophysical characteristics of the α- and β-substituted hydrazone derivatives of the Bodipy structures and their mild hydrolysis methodologies were also investigated successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Büşra Say
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural & Applied Sciences, Konya Food and Agriculture University, 42080, Konya, Turkey
| | - Beytullah Tatar
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural & Applied Sciences, Konya Food and Agriculture University, 42080, Konya, Turkey
| | - Betül Üzülmez
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural & Applied Sciences, Konya Food and Agriculture University, 42080, Konya, Turkey
| | - Melike Ebrar Bakırcı
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Konya Food and Agriculture University, 42080, Konya, Turkey
| | - Gülcihan Gülseren
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural & Applied Sciences, Konya Food and Agriculture University, 42080, Konya, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Konya Food and Agriculture University, 42080, Konya, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Cakmak
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural & Applied Sciences, Konya Food and Agriculture University, 42080, Konya, Turkey
- Department of Bioengineering, Konya Food and Agriculture University, 42080, Konya, Turkey
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & BITAM-Science and Technology Research and Application Center, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42090, Konya, Turkey
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3
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Uyar B, Ozsamur NG, Celik FS, Ozbayram I, Erbas-Cakmak S. Downregulation of gene expression in hypoxic cancer cells by an activatable G-quadruplex stabiliser. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2247-2250. [PMID: 36723070 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06347f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In the research, the modulation of gene expression with a novel G-quadruplex stabiliser was analysed. Activation by the removal of bulky hypoxia-responsive substituent enhances G-quadruplex stabilisation. Hypoxic MCF7 cells incubated with the stabiliser displayed significant downregulation of oncogenes c-myc, bcl-2, and hif-1α. This study presents the first hypoxia-activatable G-quadruplex stabilization and transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busra Uyar
- Konya Food and Agriculture University, Department of Biotechnology, Konya 42080, Turkey.
| | - Nezahat Gokce Ozsamur
- Konya Food and Agriculture University, Department of Biotechnology, Konya 42080, Turkey.
| | - Fatma Secer Celik
- Konya Food and Agriculture University, Department of Biotechnology, Konya 42080, Turkey.
| | - Ilkyaz Ozbayram
- Konya Food and Agriculture University, Department of Biotechnology, Konya 42080, Turkey.
| | - Sundus Erbas-Cakmak
- Konya Food and Agriculture University, Department of Biotechnology, Konya 42080, Turkey. .,Konya Food and Agriculture University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Konya 42080, Turkey
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Tok M, Say B, Dölek G, Tatar B, Özgür DÖ, Kurukavak ÇK, Kuş M, Dede Y, Çakmak Y. Substitution effects in distyryl BODIPYs for near infrared organic photovoltaics. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Das S, Das T, Das P, Das D. Controlling the lifetime of cucurbit[8]uril based self-abolishing nanozymes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:4050-4057. [PMID: 35440999 PMCID: PMC8985584 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc07203j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nature has evolved a unique mechanism of self-regulatory feedback loops that help in maintaining an internal cellular environment conducive to growth, healing and metabolism. In biology, enzymes display feedback controlled switchable behaviour to upregulate/downregulate the generation of metabolites as per the need of the cells. To mimic the self-inhibitory nature of certain biological enzymes under laboratory settings, herein, we present a cucurbit[8]uril based pH responsive supramolecular peptide amphiphile (SPA) that assembles into hydrolase mimetic vesicular nanozymes upon addition of alkaline TRIS buffer (activator) but disintegrates gradually owing to the catalytic generation of acidic byproducts (deactivator). The lifetime of these nanozymes could be manipulated in multiple ways, either by varying the amount of catalytic groups on the surface of the vesicles, by changing the acid generating substrate, or by changing the ratio between the activator and the substrate. The self-inhibitory nanozymes displayed highly tunable lifetimes ranging from minutes to hours, controlled and in situ generation of deactivating agents and efficient reproducibility across multiple pH cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Assam 781039 India
| | - Tanushree Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Assam 781039 India
| | - Priyam Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Assam 781039 India
| | - Debapratim Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Assam 781039 India
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Verirsen I, Uyar B, Ozsamur NG, Demirok N, Erbas-Cakmak S. Enzyme activatable photodynamic therapy agents targeting melanoma. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:8864-8868. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01937j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A tyrosinase activatable photosensitizer is developed with selective phototoxicity to melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Verirsen
- Konya Food and Agriculture University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biotechnology, 42080, Konya, Turkey
| | - Busra Uyar
- Konya Food and Agriculture University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biotechnology, 42080, Konya, Turkey
| | - Nezahat Gokce Ozsamur
- Konya Food and Agriculture University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biotechnology, 42080, Konya, Turkey
| | - Naime Demirok
- Konya Food and Agriculture University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biotechnology, 42080, Konya, Turkey
| | - Sundus Erbas-Cakmak
- Konya Food and Agriculture University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biotechnology, 42080, Konya, Turkey
- Research and Development Center for Diagnostic Kits (KIT-ARGEM), Konya Food and Agriculture University, 42080, Konya, Turkey
- Konya Food and Agriculture University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 42080, Konya, Turkey
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Turkoglu G, Koygun GK, Zafer Yurt MN, Pirencioglu SN, Erbas-Cakmak S. A therapeutic keypad lock decoded in drug resistant cancer cells. Chem Sci 2021; 12:9754-9758. [PMID: 34349948 PMCID: PMC8293978 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02521j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A molecular keypad lock that displays photodynamic activity when exposed to glutathione (GSH), esterase and light in the given order, is fabricated and its efficacy in drug resistant MCF7 cancer cells is investigated. The first two inputs are common drug resistant tumor markers. GSH reacts with the agent and shifts the absorption wavelength. Esterase separates the quencher from the structure, further activating the agent. After these sequential exposures, the molecular keypad lock is exposed to light and produces cytotoxic singlet oxygen. Among many possible combinations, only one 'key' can activate the agent, and initiate a photodynamic response. Paclitaxel resistant MCF7 cells are selectively killed. This work presents the first ever biological application of small molecular keypad locks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsen Turkoglu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Konya Food and Agriculture University Meram Konya Turkey
- Research and Development Center for Diagnostic Kits (KIT-ARGEM), Konya Food and Agriculture University Konya Turkey
| | | | - Mediha Nur Zafer Yurt
- Research and Development Center for Diagnostic Kits (KIT-ARGEM), Konya Food and Agriculture University Konya Turkey
| | - Seyda Nur Pirencioglu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Necmettin Erbakan University Konya Turkey
| | - Sundus Erbas-Cakmak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Konya Food and Agriculture University Meram Konya Turkey
- Research and Development Center for Diagnostic Kits (KIT-ARGEM), Konya Food and Agriculture University Konya Turkey
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Gunaydin G, Gedik ME, Ayan S. Photodynamic Therapy-Current Limitations and Novel Approaches. Front Chem 2021; 9:691697. [PMID: 34178948 PMCID: PMC8223074 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.691697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) mostly relies on the generation of singlet oxygen, via the excitation of a photosensitizer, so that target tumor cells can be destroyed. PDT can be applied in the settings of several malignant diseases. In fact, the earliest preclinical applications date back to 1900’s. Dougherty reported the treatment of skin tumors by PDT in 1978. Several further studies around 1980 demonstrated the effectiveness of PDT. Thus, the technique has attracted the attention of numerous researchers since then. Hematoporphyrin derivative received the FDA approval as a clinical application of PDT in 1995. We have indeed witnessed a considerable progress in the field over the last century. Given the fact that PDT has a favorable adverse event profile and can enhance anti-tumor immune responses as well as demonstrating minimally invasive characteristics, it is disappointing that PDT is not broadly utilized in the clinical setting for the treatment of malignant and/or non-malignant diseases. Several issues still hinder the development of PDT, such as those related with light, tissue oxygenation and inherent properties of the photosensitizers. Various photosensitizers have been designed/synthesized in order to overcome the limitations. In this Review, we provide a general overview of the mechanisms of action in terms of PDT in cancer, including the effects on immune system and vasculature as well as mechanisms related with tumor cell destruction. We will also briefly mention the application of PDT for non-malignant diseases. The current limitations of PDT utilization in cancer will be reviewed, since identifying problems associated with design/synthesis of photosensitizers as well as application of light and tissue oxygenation might pave the way for more effective PDT approaches. Furthermore, novel promising approaches to improve outcome in PDT such as selectivity, bioengineering, subcellular/organelle targeting, etc. will also be discussed in detail, since the potential of pioneering and exceptional approaches that aim to overcome the limitations and reveal the full potential of PDT in terms of clinical translation are undoubtedly exciting. A better understanding of novel concepts in the field (e.g. enhanced, two-stage, fractional PDT) will most likely prove to be very useful for pursuing and improving effective PDT strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurcan Gunaydin
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Emre Gedik
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seylan Ayan
- Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
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Shen R, Bai J, Qian Y. A mitochondria-targeted fluorescent dye naphthalimide-thioether-cyanine for NIR-activated photodynamic treatment of cancer cells. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:2462-2468. [PMID: 33634295 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02851g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this work, an NIR-activated fluorescent dye naphthalimide-thioether-cyanine (NPSCY) was developed for the photodynamic treatment of cancer cells. In this dye, naphthalimide and cyanine were selected as the two fluorophores, which were linked by the thioether group. Under 660 nm irradiation, NPSCY could produce 1O2 rapidly, suggesting the potential for photodynamic therapy. Cys can be considered as one of the markers of cancer cells and NPSCY could distinguish Cys from three channels (433 nm, 475 nm, 733 nm) due to the bilateral recognition of the thioether group, which was helpful for accurately locating cancer cells. Fortunately, NPSCY could also produce 1O2 after being reacted with the intracellular biological thiols, which also avoided the inactivation of the photosensitizer in cancer cells. The co-localization coefficient of 0.873 indicated that the cyanine group promoted the aggregation of NPSCY in mitochondria. This photosensitizer showed low dark toxicity and high phototoxicity. Meanwhile, the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was calculated to be 3.7 μM. NPSCY could inhibit cell migration after irradiation at 660 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghua Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Jin Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Ying Qian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
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Turkoglu G, Kayadibi Koygun G, Yurt MNZ, Demirok N, Erbas-Cakmak S. Self-reporting heavy atom-free photodynamic therapy agents. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:9433-9437. [PMID: 33184621 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01944e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Two novel, self-reporting distyryl BODIPY-based photodynamic therapy agents functionalized with singlet oxygen responsive imidazole and tertiary amine moieties are developed. Heavy atom-free photosensitizers are demonstrated to have efficient photodynamic action in MCF7 cells. The fluorescence intensity of the photosensitizers is shown to be reduced as a result of 1O2 generation without any significant change in photodynamic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsen Turkoglu
- Research and Development Center for Diagnostic Kits (KIT-ARGEM) Konya Food and Agriculture University, 42080, Konya, Turkey and Konya Food and Agriculture University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 42080, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Gozde Kayadibi Koygun
- Selçuk University, Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, 42250, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mediha Nur Zafer Yurt
- Research and Development Center for Diagnostic Kits (KIT-ARGEM) Konya Food and Agriculture University, 42080, Konya, Turkey
| | - Naime Demirok
- Üsküdar University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 34662, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Sundus Erbas-Cakmak
- Research and Development Center for Diagnostic Kits (KIT-ARGEM) Konya Food and Agriculture University, 42080, Konya, Turkey and Konya Food and Agriculture University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 42080, Konya, Turkey.
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