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Han H, Sharma A, Yoon J, Wang Z, Körner C, Deniz H, Sharma AK, Li F, Sturm C, Woltersdorf G, Parkin SSP. All-Oxide Metasurfaces Formed by Synchronized Local Ionic Gating. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2401064. [PMID: 38739090 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Ionic gating of oxide thin films has emerged as a novel way of manipulating the properties of thin films. Most studies are carried out on single devices with a three-terminal configuration, but, by exploring the electrokinetics during the ionic gating, such a configuration with initially insulating films leads to a highly non-uniform gating response of individual devices within large arrays of the devices. It is shown that such an issue can be circumvented by the formation of a uniform charge potential by the use of a thin conducting underlayer. This synchronized local ionic gating allows for the simultaneous manipulation of the electrical, magnetic, and/or optical properties of large arrays of devices. Designer metasurfaces formed in this way from SrCoO2.5 thin films display an anomalous optical reflection of light that relies on the uniform and coherent response of all the devices. Beyond oxides, almost any material whose properties can be controlled by the addition or removal of ions via gating can form novel metasurfaces using this technique. These findings provide insights into the electrokinetics of ionic gating and a wide range of applications using synchronized local ionic gating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Han
- Nano Systems from Ions, Spins, and Electrons (NISE), Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Arpit Sharma
- Nano Systems from Ions, Spins, and Electrons (NISE), Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jiho Yoon
- Nano Systems from Ions, Spins, and Electrons (NISE), Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Zhong Wang
- Nano Systems from Ions, Spins, and Electrons (NISE), Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Chris Körner
- Institute of Physics, Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Hakan Deniz
- Nano Systems from Ions, Spins, and Electrons (NISE), Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ankit K Sharma
- Nano Systems from Ions, Spins, and Electrons (NISE), Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Fan Li
- Nano Systems from Ions, Spins, and Electrons (NISE), Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Chris Sturm
- Felix Bloch Institute for Solid State Physics, Universität Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Georg Woltersdorf
- Institute of Physics, Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Stuart S P Parkin
- Nano Systems from Ions, Spins, and Electrons (NISE), Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
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2
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Gu J, Wei H, Zhao T, Ren F, Geng C, Guan H, Liang S, Chen X, Shi Y, Zhao J, Dou S, Li Y. Unprecedented Spatial Manipulation and Transformation of Dynamic Thermal Radiation Based on Vanadium Dioxide. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:10352-10360. [PMID: 38357765 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Reconfigurable infrared (IR) materials have widespread applications in thermal management and smart IR concealment. Although various reconfigurable IR materials can be customized by positive or negative differential VO2-based resonators, their insightful mechanism remains unknown. Here, we comprehensively investigate the fundamental design rule of reconfigurable thermal radiation between positive and negative differential thermal radiation properties for the first time. Importantly, the skin depth of VO2 film in the metal state is investigated to clarify the transformation from positive to negative differential thermal radiation properties, and the critical thickness is further derived, providing important guidance in designing the reconfigurable thermal radiation regulator. Furthermore, the reconfigurable multistate thermal images had been presented into one plate. The resulting emittance variation (△ε8-14 μm) of the VO2-based resonator can change from 0.61 to -0.53, which consummates the ability for diverse demands such as infrared concealment, thermal illusion, and thermal management. This work constitutes a promising and universal route toward designing whole smart devices and may create new scientific and technological opportunities for platforms that can benefit from reconfigurable electromagnetic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Gu
- Suzhou Laboratory, Suzhou 215123, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Hang Wei
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Tao Zhao
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Feifei Ren
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Chenchen Geng
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Huan Guan
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Shuhui Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Suzhou Laboratory, Suzhou 215123, China
| | | | - Jiupeng Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Shuliang Dou
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yao Li
- Suzhou Laboratory, Suzhou 215123, China
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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3
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Choi YC, Yang S, Murray CB, Kagan CR. Thermally Reconfigurable, 3D Chiral Optical Metamaterials: Building with Colloidal Nanoparticle Assemblies. ACS NANO 2023; 17:22611-22619. [PMID: 37955251 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The three-dimensional, geometric handedness of chiral optical metamaterials allows for the rotation of linearly polarized light and creates a differential interaction with right and left circularly polarized light, known as circular dichroism. These three-dimensional metamaterials enable polarization control of optical and spin excitation and detection, and their stimuli-responsive, dynamic switching widens applications in chiral molecular sensing and imaging and spintronics; however, there are few reconfigurable solid-state implementations. Here, we report all-solid-state, thermally reconfigurable chiroptical metamaterials composed of arrays of three-dimensional nanoparticle/metal bilayer heterostructures fabricated from coassemblies of phase change VO2 and metallic Au colloidal nanoparticles and thin films of Ni. These metamaterials show dynamic switching in the mid-infrared as VO2 is thermally cycled through an insulator-metal phase transition. The spectral range of operation is tailored in breadth by controlling the periodicity of the arrays and thus the hybridization of optical modes and in position through the mixing of VO2 and Au nanoparticles.
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4
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Zheng M, Shen Y, Zheng L, She X, Jin C. Transfer-Printing Hydrogel-Based Platform for Moisture-Driven Dynamic Display and Optical Anti-Counterfeiting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:45239-45248. [PMID: 37703469 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Humidity-responsive materials offer a promising approach to achieving tunable metasurface systems due to their fast and reversible swelling responses to moisture, which enables many important applications, such as real-time humidity sensing, optical switches, dynamic displays, and optical information encryption. However, the humidity-responsive structural coloration generally cannot provide a high spatial resolution and requires a complex patterning process. Here, we present a scalable moisture-driven color-changing Fabry-Pérot (FP)-like cavity composed of a polyvinyl alcohol layer sandwiched between an upper gold nanoparticles assembly and a bottom gold mirror. Through nanoparticle contact printing, we pixelated these cavities with sub-micrometer sizes without crosstalk and achieved an ultrahigh display resolution of ∼400 nm. Meanwhile, these nanoparticle-based FP (NBFP) cavities exhibit more vibrant colors than those of conventional film-based ones due to broadband absorption of the disordered nanoparticle assembly. Moreover, the NBFP cavities exhibit a rapid response (<300 ms), benefiting from the membrane pores formed in the gaps between the adjacent nanoparticles. Finally, we demonstrated the applications of the NBFP cavities in optical anti-counterfeiting and dynamic multi-color printing. These results suggest that our approach will help to realize a colorful, fast, and ultrahigh-resolution dynamic display device in optical security and colorimetric sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manchun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiaoyi She
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chongjun Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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5
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Yoon J, Hong WK, Kim Y, Park SY. Nanostructured Vanadium Dioxide Materials for Optical Sensing Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:6715. [PMID: 37571499 PMCID: PMC10422301 DOI: 10.3390/s23156715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Vanadium dioxide (VO2) is one of the strongly correlated materials exhibiting a reversible insulator-metal phase transition accompanied by a structural transition from a low-temperature monoclinic phase to high-temperature rutile phase near room temperature. Due to the dramatic change in electrical resistance and optical transmittance of VO2, it has attracted considerable attention towards the electronic and optical device applications, such as switching devices, memory devices, memristors, smart windows, sensors, actuators, etc. The present review provides an overview of several methods for the synthesis of nanostructured VO2, such as solution-based chemical approaches (sol-gel process and hydrothermal synthesis) and gas or vapor phase synthesis techniques (pulsed laser deposition, sputtering method, and chemical vapor deposition). This review also presents stoichiometry, strain, and doping engineering as modulation strategies of physical properties for nanostructured VO2. In particular, this review describes ultraviolet-visible-near infrared photodetectors, optical switches, and color modulators as optical sensing applications associated with nanostructured VO2 materials. Finally, current research trends and perspectives are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongwon Yoon
- Department of Energy & Electronic Materials, Surface & Nano Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon 51508, Republic of Korea;
| | - Woong-Ki Hong
- Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yonghun Kim
- Department of Energy & Electronic Materials, Surface & Nano Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon 51508, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seung-Young Park
- Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea;
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6
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Wang Q, Chen Y, Mao J, Yang F, Wang N. Metasurface-Assisted Terahertz Sensing. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:5902. [PMID: 37447747 DOI: 10.3390/s23135902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) waves, which fall between microwaves and infrared bands, possess intriguing electromagnetic properties of non-ionizing radiation, low photon energy, being highly sensitive to weak resonances, and non-polar material penetrability. Therefore, THz waves are extremely suitable for sensing and detecting chemical, pharmaceutical, and biological molecules. However, the relatively long wavelength of THz waves (30~3000 μm) compared to the size of analytes (1~100 nm for biomolecules, <10 μm for microorganisms) constrains the development of THz-based sensors. To circumvent this problem, metasurface technology, by engineering subwavelength periodic resonators, has gained a great deal of attention to enhance the resonance response of THz waves. Those metasurface-based THz sensors exhibit high sensitivity for label-free sensing, making them appealing for a variety of applications in security, medical applications, and detection. The performance of metasurface-based THz sensors is controlled by geometric structure and material parameters. The operating mechanism is divided into two main categories, passive and active. To have a profound understanding of these metasurface-assisted THz sensing technologies, we review and categorize those THz sensors, based on their operating mechanisms, including resonators for frequency shift sensing, nanogaps for enhanced field confinement, chirality for handedness detection, and active elements (such as graphene and MEMS) for advanced tunable sensing. This comprehensive review can serve as a guideline for future metasurfaces design to assist THz sensing and detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Yuzi Chen
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Jinxian Mao
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Fengyuan Yang
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chips and Systems for Intelligent Connected Vehicle, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Nan Wang
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chips and Systems for Intelligent Connected Vehicle, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200000, China
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7
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Matos R, Pala N. A Review of Phase-Change Materials and Their Potential for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1259. [PMID: 37374844 DOI: 10.3390/mi14061259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Phase-change materials (PCMs) and metal-insulator transition (MIT) materials have the unique feature of changing their material phase through external excitations such as conductive heating, optical stimulation, or the application of electric or magnetic fields, which, in turn, results in changes to their electrical and optical properties. This feature can find applications in many fields, particularly in reconfigurable electrical and optical structures. Among these applications, the reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has emerged as a promising platform for both wireless RF applications as well as optical ones. This paper reviews the current, state-of-the-art PCMs within the context of RIS, their material properties, their performance metrics, some applications found in the literature, and how they can impact the future of RIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy Matos
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA
| | - Nezih Pala
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA
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8
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Zhao S, Li L, Hu C, Li B, Liu M, Zhu J, Zhou T, Shi W, Zou C. Multiphysical Field Modulated VO 2 Device for Information Encryption. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2300908. [PMID: 37114834 PMCID: PMC10375123 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In the information explosion society, information security is highly demanded in the practical application, which raised a surge of interest in designing secure and reliable information transmission channels based on the inherent properties of emerging devices. Here, an innovative strategy to achieve the data encryption and reading during the data confidential transmission based on VO2 device is proposed. Owing to the specific insulator-to-metal transition property of VO2 , the phase transitions between the insulator and metallic states are modulated by the combination of electric field, temperature, and light radiation. These external stimulus-induced phase diagram is directly associated with the defined VO2 device, which are applicable for control the "0" or "1" electrical logic state for the information encryption. A prototype device is fabricated on an epitaxial VO2 film, which displayed a unique data encryption function with excellent stability. The current study not only demonstrated a multiphysical field-modulated VO2 device for information encryption, but also supplied some clues for functional devices applications in other correlated oxide materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanguang Zhao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Liang Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Changlong Hu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Bowen Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Meiling Liu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Jinglin Zhu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Ting Zhou
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Weidong Shi
- Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Beijing, 102205, P. R. China
| | - Chongwen Zou
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, P. R. China
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9
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Deng S, Yu H, Park TJ, Islam AN, Manna S, Pofelski A, Wang Q, Zhu Y, Sankaranarayanan SK, Sengupta A, Ramanathan S. Selective area doping for Mott neuromorphic electronics. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade4838. [PMID: 36930716 PMCID: PMC10022892 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade4838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The cointegration of artificial neuronal and synaptic devices with homotypic materials and structures can greatly simplify the fabrication of neuromorphic hardware. We demonstrate experimental realization of vanadium dioxide (VO2) artificial neurons and synapses on the same substrate through selective area carrier doping. By locally configuring pairs of catalytic and inert electrodes that enable nanoscale control over carrier density, volatility or nonvolatility can be appropriately assigned to each two-terminal Mott memory device per lithographic design, and both neuron- and synapse-like devices are successfully integrated on a single chip. Feedforward excitation and inhibition neural motifs are demonstrated at hardware level, followed by simulation of network-level handwritten digit and fashion product recognition tasks with experimental characteristics. Spatially selective electron doping opens up previously unidentified avenues for integration of emerging correlated semiconductors in electronic device technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunbin Deng
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Haoming Yu
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Tae Joon Park
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - A. N. M. Nafiul Islam
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Sukriti Manna
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Alexandre Pofelski
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yimei Zhu
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Subramanian K. R. S. Sankaranarayanan
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Abhronil Sengupta
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Shriram Ramanathan
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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10
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Chen B, Wang X, Li W, Li C, Wang Z, Guo H, Wu J, Fan K, Zhang C, He Y, Jin B, Chen J, Wu P. Electrically addressable integrated intelligent terahertz metasurface. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadd1296. [PMID: 36223473 PMCID: PMC9555782 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add1296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) play an essential role in various applications, such as next-generation communication, uncrewed vehicles, and vital sign recognizers. However, in the terahertz (THz) region, the development of RISs is limited because of lacking tunable phase shifters and low-cost sensors. Here, we developed an integrated self-adaptive metasurface (SAM) with THz wave detection and modulation capabilities based on the phase change material. By applying various coding sequences, the metasurface could deflect THz beams over an angle range of 42.8°. We established a software-defined sensing reaction system for intelligent THz wave manipulation. In the system, the SAM self-adaptively adjusted the THz beam deflection angle and stabilized the reflected power in response to the detected signal without human intervention, showing vast potential in eliminating coverage dead zones and other applications in THz communication. Our programmable controlled SAM creates a platform for intelligent electromagnetic information processing in the THz regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benwen Chen
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics (RISE), School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinru Wang
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Weili Li
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics (RISE), School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chun Li
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics (RISE), School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhaosong Wang
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics (RISE), School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hangbin Guo
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics (RISE), School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jingbo Wu
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics (RISE), School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing 211111, China
| | - Kebin Fan
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics (RISE), School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing 211111, China
| | - Caihong Zhang
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics (RISE), School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing 211111, China
| | - Yunbin He
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Biaobing Jin
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics (RISE), School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing 211111, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics (RISE), School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing 211111, China
| | - Peiheng Wu
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics (RISE), School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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11
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Han J, Lin KT, Lin H, Lau KT, Jia B. Tunable Thermochromic Graphene Metamaterials with Iridescent Color. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:6026-6033. [PMID: 35639615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Thermochromic materials have been widely applied in energy-efficient buildings, aerospace, textiles, and sensors. Conventional thermochromic materials rely on material phase or structure changes upon thermal stimuli, which only enable a few colors, greatly limiting their applicability. Here, we propose and demonstrate the concept of dynamically tunable thermochromic graphene metamaterials (TGMs), which can achieve continuous color tunability (380-800 nm) with fast (<100 ms) response times. The TGMs are composed of an ultrathin graphene oxide (GO) film on a flexible metal substrate. We demonstrated that external thermal energy can dynamically adjust the water contents in the GO film to manipulate the color of TGMs. An impressive thermochromic sensitivity of 1.11 nm/°C covering a large percentage of the color space has been achieved. Prototype applications for a cup and smartphone have been demonstrated. The reversible TGMs promise great potential for practical applications of temperature sensing in optoelectronic devices, environmental monitoring, and dynamic color modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Han
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Keng-Te Lin
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Han Lin
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Kin-Tak Lau
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Baohua Jia
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- The Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training, Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
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12
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Hu L, Ma L, Wang C, Liu L. Machine learning-assisted design of polarization-controlled dynamically switchable full-color metasurfaces. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:26519-26533. [PMID: 36236842 DOI: 10.1364/oe.464704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic color tuning has significant application prospects in the fields of color display, steganography, and information encryption. However, most methods for color switching require external stimuli, which increases the structural complexity and hinders the applicability of front-end dynamic display technology. In this study, we propose polarization-controlled hybrid metal-dielectric metasurfaces to realize full-color display and dynamic color tuning by altering the polarization angle of incident light without changing the structure and properties of the material. A bidirectional neural network is trained to predict the colors of mixed metasurfaces and inversely design the geometric parameters for the desired colors, which is less dependent on design experience and reduces the computational cost. According to the color recognition ability of human eyes, the accuracy of color prediction realized in our study is 93.18% and that of inverse parameter design is 92.37%. This study presents a simple method for dynamic structural color tuning and accelerating the design of full-color metasurfaces, which can offer further insight into the design of color filters and promote photonics research.
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Guan J, Park JE, Deng S, Tan MJH, Hu J, Odom TW. Light-Matter Interactions in Hybrid Material Metasurfaces. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15177-15203. [PMID: 35762982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This Review focuses on the integration of plasmonic and dielectric metasurfaces with emissive or stimuli-responsive materials for manipulating light-matter interactions at the nanoscale. Metasurfaces, engineered planar structures with rationally designed building blocks, can change the local phase and intensity of electromagnetic waves at the subwavelength unit level and offers more degrees of freedom to control the flow of light. A combination of metasurfaces and nanoscale emitters facilitates access to weak and strong coupling regimes for enhanced photoluminescence, nanoscale lasing, controlled quantum emission, and formation of exciton-polaritons. In addition to emissive materials, functional materials that respond to external stimuli can be combined with metasurfaces to engineer tunable nanophotonic devices. Emerging metasurface designs including surface-functionalized, chemically tunable, and multilayer hybrid metasurfaces open prospects for diverse applications, including photocatalysis, sensing, displays, and quantum information.
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Ren L, Wen H, Shi L, Zhang X. Electromagnetically induced transparency with a single optomechanical microring resonator. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:1363-1366. [PMID: 35290314 DOI: 10.1364/ol.454462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An all-optical realization scheme of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a single silicon optomechanical microring resonator is proposed and demonstrated. Due to the strong mechanical Kerr effect and well-designed microring resonator, two modes with a resonant frequency separation of 292 GHz (2.35 nm) can be tuned into resonance when the control power is about 4.3 µW, and the EIT spectrum is achieved. Our work provides a constructive solution for realizing EIT in a single microcavity with a low mode density. Furthermore, this device is fully integrated on-chip and compatible with current complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) processing and has great potential in applications such as light storage, optical sensing, and quantum optics.
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Yu S, Li Z, Liu W, Cheng H, Zhang Y, Xie B, Zhou W, Tian J, Chen S. Tunable dual-band and high-quality-factor perfect absorption based on VO 2-assisted metasurfaces. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:31488-31498. [PMID: 34615240 DOI: 10.1364/oe.436046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Perfect absorbers with high quality factors (Q-factors) are of great practical significance for optical filtering and sensing. Moreover, tunable multiwavelength absorbers provide a multitude of possibilities for realizing multispectral light intensity manipulation and optical switches. In this study, we demonstrate the use of vanadium dioxide (VO2)-assisted metasurfaces for tunable dual-band and high-quality-factor perfect absorption in the mid-infrared region. In addition, we discuss the potential applications of these metasurfaces in reflective intensity manipulation and optical switching. The Q-factors of the dual-band perfect absorption in the proposed metasurfaces are greater than 1000, which can be attributed to the low radiative loss induced by the guided-mode resonances and low intrinsic loss from the constituent materials. By utilizing the insulator-metal transition in VO2, we further proved that a continuous tuning of the reflectance with a large modulation depth (31.8 dB) can be realized in the designed metasurface accompanied by a dual-channel switching effect. The proposed VO2-assisted metasurfaces have potential applications in dynamic and multifunctional optical devices, such as tunable multiband filters, mid-infrared biochemical sensors, optical switches, and optical modulators.
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Santos G, Gonzalez F, Ortiz D, Saiz JM, Losurdo M, Moreno F, Gutierrez Y. Dynamic reflective color pixels based on molybdenum oxide. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:19417-19426. [PMID: 34266051 DOI: 10.1364/oe.424763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Active materials which show phase transitions, usually known as Phase Change Materials (PCM), have paved the way to a new generation of reconfigurable plasmonic platforms. Tunable color devices have experienced a great development in the recent years. In particular, reflective color filters can take advantage from sunlight to select and reflect a specific resonant wavelength in the visible spectrum range. Reflective displays are usually structural color filters based on asymmetric Fabry-Perot cavities (AFPCs). For a fixed geometry, most of AFPCs filters generate static color, limiting their potential as tunable color devices. Dynamic color is achieved by introducing an active layer whose optical properties can be modulated by an external stimuli. In this paper, we propose AFPCs based on molybdenum oxide (MoOx, 2<x<3) to achieve switchable on/off color reflective pixels. On and off states of the pixels are controlled through the stoichiometry of the MoOx layer.
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Stimuli-Responsive Phase Change Materials: Optical and Optoelectronic Applications. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14123396. [PMID: 34205233 PMCID: PMC8233899 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive materials offer a large variety of possibilities in fabrication of solid- state devices. Phase change materials (PCMs) undergo rapid and drastic changes of their optical properties upon switching from one crystallographic phase to another one. This peculiarity makes PCMs ideal candidates for a number of applications including sensors, active displays, photonic volatile and non-volatile memories for information storage and computer science and optoelectronic devices. This review analyzes different examples of PCMs, in particular germanium–antimonium tellurides and vanadium dioxide (VO2) and their applications in the above-mentioned fields, with a detailed discussion on potential, limitations and challenges.
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Meng C, Thrane PCV, Ding F, Gjessing J, Thomaschewski M, Wu C, Dirdal C, Bozhevolnyi SI. Dynamic piezoelectric MEMS-based optical metasurfaces. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg5639. [PMID: 34162551 PMCID: PMC8221626 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg5639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Optical metasurfaces (OMSs) have shown unprecedented capabilities for versatile wavefront manipulations at the subwavelength scale. However, most well-established OMSs are static, featuring well-defined optical responses determined by OMS configurations set during their fabrication, whereas dynamic OMS configurations investigated so far often exhibit specific limitations and reduced reconfigurability. Here, by combining a thin-film piezoelectric microelectromechanical system (MEMS) with a gap-surface plasmon-based OMS, we develop an electrically driven dynamic MEMS-OMS platform that offers controllable phase and amplitude modulation of the reflected light by finely actuating the MEMS mirror. Using this platform, we demonstrate MEMS-OMS components for polarization-independent beam steering and two-dimensional (2D) focusing with high modulation efficiencies (~50%), broadband operation (~20% near the operating wavelength of 800 nanometers), and fast responses (<0.4 milliseconds). The developed MEMS-OMS platform offers flexible solutions for realizing complex dynamic 2D wavefront manipulations that could be used in reconfigurable and adaptive optical networks and systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Meng
- Centre for Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense DK-5230, Denmark
| | - Paul C V Thrane
- SINTEF Microsystems and Nanotechnology, Gaustadalleen 23C, 0737 Oslo, Norway
| | - Fei Ding
- Centre for Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense DK-5230, Denmark
| | - Jo Gjessing
- SINTEF Microsystems and Nanotechnology, Gaustadalleen 23C, 0737 Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin Thomaschewski
- Centre for Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense DK-5230, Denmark
| | - Cuo Wu
- Centre for Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense DK-5230, Denmark
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Christopher Dirdal
- SINTEF Microsystems and Nanotechnology, Gaustadalleen 23C, 0737 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Sergey I Bozhevolnyi
- Centre for Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense DK-5230, Denmark.
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Switchable Metasurface with VO2 Thin Film at Visible Light by Changing Temperature. PHOTONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics8020057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We numerically demonstrated switchable metasurfaces using a phase change material, VO2 by temperature change. The Pancharatnam–Berry metasurface was realized by using an array of Au nanorods on top of a thin VO2 film above an Au film, where the optical property of the VO2 film is switched from the insulator phase at low temperature to the metal phase at high temperature. At the optimal structure, polarization conversion efficiency of the normal incident light is about 75% at low temperature while that is less than 0.5% at high temperature in the visible region (λ∼ 700 nm). Various functionalities of switchable metasurfaces were demonstrated such as polarization conversion, beam steering, Fourier hologram, and Fresnel hologram. The thin-VO2-film-based switchable metasurface can be a good candidate for various switchable metasurface devices, for example, temperature dependent optical sensors, beamforming antennas, and display.
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