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Malgras V, Nattestad A, Kim JH, Dou SX, Yamauchi Y. Understanding chemically processed solar cells based on quantum dots. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2017; 18:334-350. [PMID: 28567179 PMCID: PMC5439398 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2017.1317219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Photovoltaic energy conversion is one of the best alternatives to fossil fuel combustion. Petroleum resources are now close to depletion and their combustion is known to be responsible for the release of a considerable amount of greenhouse gases and carcinogenic airborne particles. Novel third-generation solar cells include a vast range of device designs and materials aiming to overcome the factors limiting the current technologies. Among them, quantum dot-based devices showed promising potential both as sensitizers and as colloidal nanoparticle films. A good example is the p-type PbS colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) forming a heterojunction with a n-type wide-band-gap semiconductor such as TiO2 or ZnO. The confinement in these nanostructures is also expected to result in marginal mechanisms, such as the collection of hot carriers and generation of multiple excitons, which would increase the theoretical conversion efficiency limit. Ultimately, this technology could also lead to the assembly of a tandem-type cell with CQD films absorbing in different regions of the solar spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Malgras
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Andrew Nattestad
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, Australia
| | - Jung Ho Kim
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, Australia
| | - Shi Xue Dou
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, Australia
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, Australia
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2
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Liang X, Bai S, Wang X, Dai X, Gao F, Sun B, Ning Z, Ye Z, Jin Y. Colloidal metal oxide nanocrystals as charge transporting layers for solution-processed light-emitting diodes and solar cells. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:1730-1759. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00122j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This review bridges the chemistry of colloidal oxide nanocrystals and their application as charge transporting interlayers in solution-processed optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- People's Republic of China
| | - Sai Bai
- Department of Physics
- Chemistry and Biology (IFM)
- Linköping University
- SE-581 83 Linköping
- Sweden
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xingliang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Physics
- Chemistry and Biology (IFM)
- Linköping University
- SE-581 83 Linköping
- Sweden
| | - Baoquan Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- People's Republic of China
| | | | - Zhizhen Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yizheng Jin
- Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
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3
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Tavakoli MM, Mirfasih MH, Hasanzadeh S, Aashuri H, Simchi A. Surface passivation of lead sulfide nanocrystals with low electron affinity metals: photoluminescence and photovoltaic performance. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:12086-92. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07987j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Low electron affinity metals like Cd can annihilate deep trap states and increase the current density, resulting in higher performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahdi Tavakoli
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Sharif University of Technology
- 14588 Tehran
- Iran
| | | | - Soheil Hasanzadeh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Sharif University of Technology
- 14588 Tehran
- Iran
| | - Hossein Aashuri
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Sharif University of Technology
- 14588 Tehran
- Iran
| | - Abdolreza Simchi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Sharif University of Technology
- 14588 Tehran
- Iran
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
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4
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Malgras V, Zhang G, Nattestad A, Clarke TM, Mozer AJ, Yamauchi Y, Kim JH. Trap-Assisted Transport and Non-Uniform Charge Distribution in Sulfur-Rich PbS Colloidal Quantum Dot-based Solar Cells with Selective Contacts. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:26455-60. [PMID: 26541422 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b07121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This study reports evidence of dispersive transport in planar PbS colloidal quantum dot heterojunction-based devices as well as the effect of incorporating a MoO3 hole selective layer on the charge extraction behavior. Steady state and transient characterization techniques are employed to determine the complex recombination processes involved in such devices. The addition of a selective contact drastically improves the device efficiency up to 3.15% (especially due to increased photocurrent and decreased series resistance) and extends the overall charge lifetime by suppressing the main first-order recombination pathway observed in device without MoO3. The lifetime and mobility calculated for our sulfur-rich PbS-based devices are similar to previously reported values in lead-rich quantum dots-based solar cells. Nevertheless, strong Shockley-Read-Hall mechanisms appear to keep restricting charge transport, as the equilibrium voltage takes more than 1 ms to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Malgras
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials (ISEM), Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong , North Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Guanran Zhang
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute (IPRI), ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong , North Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
| | - Andrew Nattestad
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute (IPRI), ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong , North Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
| | - Tracey M Clarke
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute (IPRI), ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong , North Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
| | - Attila J Mozer
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute (IPRI), ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong , North Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Jung Ho Kim
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials (ISEM), Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong , North Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
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5
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Kuang PY, Su YZ, Xiao K, Liu ZQ, Li N, Wang HJ, Zhang J. Double-Shelled CdS- and CdSe-Cosensitized ZnO Porous Nanotube Arrays for Superior Photoelectrocatalytic Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:16387-94. [PMID: 26171978 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b03527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The effective separation and transport of photoinduced electron-hole pairs in photoanodes is of great significance to photoelectrochemical and catalytic performance. Here, a facile and effective two-step strategy is developed to fabricate double-shelled ZnO/CdS/CdSe porous nanotube photoanodes from ZnO nanorod arrays (NRAs). Surprisingly, after the process of the deposition of CdS and CdSe, the ZnO nanorod arrays are partially dissolved, resulting in the formation of ZnO/CdS/CdSe porous nanotube arrays (NTAs). By virtue of their unique porous nanotube structure and cosensitization effect, the ZnO/CdS/CdSe porous NTAs show superior photoelectrochemical water-splitting performance and organic-pollutant-degradation ability under visible light irradiation, as well as excellent long-term photostability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan-Yong Kuang
- †School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Environmentally Functional Materials and Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yu-Zhi Su
- †School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Environmentally Functional Materials and Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Kang Xiao
- †School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Environmentally Functional Materials and Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhao-Qing Liu
- †School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Environmentally Functional Materials and Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Nan Li
- †School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Environmentally Functional Materials and Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Hong-Juan Wang
- †School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Environmentally Functional Materials and Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jun Zhang
- ‡State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
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6
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Zhang X, Zhang J, Liu J, Johansson EMJ. Solution processed flexible and bending durable heterojunction colloidal quantum dot solar cell. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:11520-11524. [PMID: 26090891 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr02617b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A flexible hybrid heterojunction PbS colloidal quantum dot solar cell, where the photoactive layers are deposited using a solution processed fabrication approach under ambient condition and at room temperature is presented. The bending stability of the obtained solar cell is evaluated. The results show that the solar cell exhibits high bending stability and even under the bent state the cell also maintains a high performance, which shows the potential of the quantum dot solar cell toward a lightweight, bendable power source with many possible applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström, Physical Chemistry, Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
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7
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Kim MR, Ma D. Quantum-Dot-Based Solar Cells: Recent Advances, Strategies, and Challenges. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:85-99. [PMID: 26263096 DOI: 10.1021/jz502227h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Among next-generation photovoltaic systems requiring low cost and high efficiency, quantum dot (QD)-based solar cells stand out as a very promising candidate because of the unique and versatile characteristics of QDs. The past decade has already seen rapid conceptual and technological advances on various aspects of QD solar cells, and diverse opportunities, which QDs can offer, predict that there is still ample room for further development and breakthroughs. In this Perspective, we first review the attractive advantages of QDs, such as size-tunable band gaps and multiple exciton generation (MEG), beneficial to solar cell applications. We then analyze major strategies, which have been extensively explored and have largely contributed to the most recent and significant achievements in QD solar cells. Finally, their high potential and challenges are discussed. In particular, QD solar cells are considered to hold immense potential to overcome the theoretical efficiency limit of 31% for single-junction cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mee Rahn Kim
- Centre-Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Dongling Ma
- Centre-Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
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8
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9
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Yoon W, Boercker JE, Lumb MP, Placencia D, Foos EE, Tischler JG. Enhanced open-circuit voltage of PbS nanocrystal quantum dot solar cells. Sci Rep 2014; 3:2225. [PMID: 23868514 PMCID: PMC3715763 DOI: 10.1038/srep02225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanocrystal quantum dots (QD) show great promise toward improving solar cell efficiencies through the use of quantum confinement to tune absorbance across the solar spectrum and enable multi-exciton generation. Despite this remarkable potential for high photocurrent generation, the achievable open-circuit voltage (Voc) is fundamentally limited due to non-radiative recombination processes in QD solar cells. Here we report the highest open-circuit voltages to date for colloidal QD based solar cells under one sun illumination. This Voc of 692 ± 7 mV for 1.4 eV PbS QDs is a result of improved passivation of the defective QD surface, demonstrating Voc(mV)=553Eg/q-59 as a function of the QD bandgap (Eg). Comparing experimental Voc variation with the theoretical upper-limit obtained from one diode modeling of the cells with different Eg, these results clearly demonstrate that there is a tremendous opportunity for improvement of Voc to values greater than 1 V by using smaller QDs in QD solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woojun Yoon
- U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, United States.
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10
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Hyun BR, Choi JJ, Seyler KL, Hanrath T, Wise FW. Heterojunction PbS nanocrystal solar cells with oxide charge-transport layers. ACS NANO 2013; 7:10938-10947. [PMID: 24274761 DOI: 10.1021/nn404457c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Oxides are commonly employed as electron-transport layers in optoelectronic devices based on semiconductor nanocrystals, but are relatively rare as hole-transport layers. We report studies of NiO hole-transport layers in PbS nanocrystal photovoltaic structures. Transient fluorescence experiments are used to verify the relevant energy levels for hole transfer. On the basis of these results, planar heterojunction devices with ZnO as the photoanode and NiO as the photocathode were fabricated and characterized. Solution-processed devices were used to systematically study the dependence on nanocrystal size and achieve conversion efficiency as high as 2.5%. Optical modeling indicates that optimum performance should be obtained with thinner oxide layers than can be produced reliably by solution casting. Room-temperature sputtering allows deposition of oxide layers as thin as 10 nm, which enables optimization of device performance with respect to the thickness of the charge-transport layers. The best devices achieve an open-circuit voltage of 0.72 V and efficiency of 5.3% while eliminating most organic material from the structure and being compatible with tandem structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Ryool Hyun
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics and ‡School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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11
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Yuan M, Zhitomirsky D, Adinolfi V, Voznyy O, Kemp KW, Ning Z, Lan X, Xu J, Kim JY, Dong H, Sargent EH. Doping control via molecularly engineered surface ligand coordination. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:5586-92. [PMID: 23913360 DOI: 10.1002/adma201302802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A means to control the net doping of a CQD solid is identified via the design of the bidentate ligand crosslinking the material. The strategy does not rely on implementing different atmospheres at different steps in device processing, but instead is a robust strategy implemented in a single processing ambient. We achieve an order of magnitude difference in doping that allows us to build a graded photovoltaic device and maintain high current and voltage at maximum power-point conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjian Yuan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
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12
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Kramer IJ, Sargent EH. The Architecture of Colloidal Quantum Dot Solar Cells: Materials to Devices. Chem Rev 2013; 114:863-82. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400299t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Illan J. Kramer
- Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King’s College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Edward H. Sargent
- Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King’s College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
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13
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Jean J, Chang S, Brown PR, Cheng JJ, Rekemeyer PH, Bawendi MG, Gradečak S, Bulović V. ZnO nanowire arrays for enhanced photocurrent in PbS quantum dot solar cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:2790-6. [PMID: 23440957 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201204192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2012] [Revised: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Vertical arrays of ZnO nanowires can decouple light absorption from carrier collection in PbS quantum dot solar cells and increase power conversion efficiencies by 35%. The resulting ordered bulk heterojunction devices achieve short-circuit current densities in excess of 20 mA cm(-2) and efficiencies of up to 4.9%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Jean
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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14
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Tang J, Liu H, Zhitomirsky D, Hoogland S, Wang X, Furukawa M, Levina L, Sargent EH. Quantum junction solar cells. NANO LETTERS 2012; 12:4889-94. [PMID: 22881834 DOI: 10.1021/nl302436r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dot solids combine convenient solution-processing with quantum size effect tuning, offering avenues to high-efficiency multijunction cells based on a single materials synthesis and processing platform. The highest-performing colloidal quantum dot rectifying devices reported to date have relied on a junction between a quantum-tuned absorber and a bulk material (e.g., TiO(2)); however, quantum tuning of the absorber then requires complete redesign of the bulk acceptor, compromising the benefits of facile quantum tuning. Here we report rectifying junctions constructed entirely using inherently band-aligned quantum-tuned materials. Realizing these quantum junction diodes relied upon the creation of an n-type quantum dot solid having a clean bandgap. We combine stable, chemically compatible, high-performance n-type and p-type materials to create the first quantum junction solar cells. We present a family of photovoltaic devices having widely tuned bandgaps of 0.6-1.6 eV that excel where conventional quantum-to-bulk devices fail to perform. Devices having optimal single-junction bandgaps exhibit certified AM1.5 solar power conversion efficiencies of 5.4%. Control over doping in quantum solids, and the successful integration of these materials to form stable quantum junctions, offers a powerful new degree of freedom to colloidal quantum dot optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Tang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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15
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Koleilat GI, Wang X, Sargent EH. Graded recombination layers for multijunction photovoltaics. NANO LETTERS 2012; 12:3043-3049. [PMID: 22554234 DOI: 10.1021/nl300891h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Multijunction devices consist of a stack of semiconductor junctions having bandgaps tuned across a broad spectrum. In solar cells this concept is used to increase the efficiency of photovoltaic harvesting, while light emitters and detectors use it to achieve multicolor and spectrally tunable behavior. In series-connected current-matched multijunction devices, the recombination layers must allow the hole current from one cell to recombine, with high efficiency and low voltage loss, with the electron current from the next cell. We recently reported a tandem solar cell in which the recombination layer was implemented using a progression of n-type oxides whose doping densities and work functions serve to connect, with negligible resistive loss at solar current densities, the constituent cells. Here we present the generalized conditions for design of efficient graded recombination layer solar devices. We report the number of interlayers and the requirements on work function and doping of each interlayer, to bridge an work function difference as high as 1.6 eV. We also find solutions that minimize the doping required of the interlayers in order to minimize optical absorption due to free carriers in the graded recombination layer (GRL). We demonstrate a family of new GRL designs experimentally and highlight the benefits of the progression of dopings and work functions in the interlayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada I Koleilat
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
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16
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Dou L, Gao J, Richard E, You J, Chen CC, Cha KC, He Y, Li G, Yang Y. Systematic Investigation of Benzodithiophene- and Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Low-Bandgap Polymers Designed for Single Junction and Tandem Polymer Solar Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:10071-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja301460s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 498] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Letian Dou
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, and ‡California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles,
California 90095, United States
| | - Jing Gao
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, and ‡California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles,
California 90095, United States
| | - Eric Richard
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, and ‡California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles,
California 90095, United States
| | - Jingbi You
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, and ‡California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles,
California 90095, United States
| | - Chun-Chao Chen
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, and ‡California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles,
California 90095, United States
| | - Kitty C. Cha
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, and ‡California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles,
California 90095, United States
| | - Youjun He
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, and ‡California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles,
California 90095, United States
| | - Gang Li
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, and ‡California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles,
California 90095, United States
| | - Yang Yang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, and ‡California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles,
California 90095, United States
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17
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Wang H, Wang T, Wang X, Liu R, Wang B, Wang H, Xu Y, Zhang J, Duan J. Double-shelled ZnO/CdSe/CdTe nanocable arrays for photovoltaic applications: microstructure evolution and interfacial energy alignment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm32253f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Koleilat GI, Wang X, Labelle AJ, Ip AH, Carey GH, Fischer A, Levina L, Brzozowski L, Sargent EH. A donor-supply electrode (DSE) for colloidal quantum dot photovoltaics. NANO LETTERS 2011; 11:5173-5178. [PMID: 22084839 DOI: 10.1021/nl202337a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The highest-performing colloidal quantum dot (CQD) photovoltaics (PV) reported to date have relied on high-temperature (>500°C) annealing of electron-accepting TiO2. Room-temperature processing reduces energy payback time and manufacturing cost, enables flexible substrates, and permits tandem solar cells that integrate a small-bandgap back cell atop a low-thermal-budget larger-bandgap front cell. Here we report an electrode strategy that enables a depleted-heterojunction CQD PV device to be fabricated entirely at room temperature. We find that simply replacing the high-temperature-processed TiO2 with a sputtered version of the same material leads to poor performance due to the low mobility of the sputtered oxide. We develop instead a two-layer donor-supply electrode (DSE) in which a highly doped, shallow work function layer supplies a high density of free electrons to an ultrathin TiO2 layer via charge-transfer doping. Using the DSE we build all-room-temperature-processed small-bandgap (1 eV) colloidal quantum dot solar cells having 4% solar power conversion efficiency and high fill factor. These 1 eV bandgap cells are suitable for use as the back junction in tandem solar cells. The DSE concept, combined with control over TiO2 stoichiometry in sputtering, provides a much-needed tunable electrode to pair with quantum-size-effect CQD films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada I Koleilat
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
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