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Rutherford BX, Dou H, Zhang B, He Z, Barnard JP, Paldi RL, Wang H. Single-Step Fabrication of Au-Fe-BaTiO 3 Nanocomposite Thin Films Embedded with Non-Equilibrium Au-Fe Alloyed Nanostructures. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3460. [PMID: 36234589 PMCID: PMC9565752 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanocomposite thin film materials present great opportunities in coupling materials and functionalities in unique nanostructures including nanoparticles-in-matrix, vertically aligned nanocomposites (VANs), and nanolayers. Interestingly the nanocomposites processed through a non-equilibrium processing method, e.g., pulsed laser deposition (PLD), often possess unique metastable phases and microstructures that could not achieve using equilibrium techniques, and thus lead to novel physical properties. In this work, a unique three-phase system composed of BaTiO3 (BTO), with two immiscible metals, Au and Fe, is demonstrated. By adjusting the deposition laser frequency from 2 Hz to 10 Hz, the phase and morphology of Au and Fe nanoparticles in BTO matrix vary from separated Au and Fe nanoparticles to well-mixed Au-Fe alloy pillars. This is attributed to the non-equilibrium process of PLD and the limited diffusion under high laser frequency (e.g., 10 Hz). The magnetic and optical properties are effectively tuned based on the morphology variation. This work demonstrates the stabilization of non-equilibrium alloy structures in the VAN form and allows for the exploration of new non-equilibrium materials systems and their properties that could not be easily achieved through traditional equilibrium methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hongyi Dou
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Bruce Zhang
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Zihao He
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - James P. Barnard
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Robynne L. Paldi
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Haiyan Wang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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2
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Robust Piezoelectric Coefficient Recovery by Nano-Inclusions Dispersion in Un-Poled PVDF–Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 Ultra-Thin Films. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12031589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to study the influence of the hybrid interface in polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-based composite thin films on the local piezoelectric response. Our results provide evidence of a surprising contradiction: the optimization process of the β-phase content using nano-inclusions did not correspond to the expected nanoscale piezoelectric optimization. A large piezoelectric loss was observed at the nanoscale level, which contrasts with the macroscopic polarization measurement observations. Our main goal was to show that the dispersion of metallic ferromagnetic nano-inclusions inside the PVDF films allows for the partial recovery of the local piezoelectric properties. From a dielectric point of view, it is not trivial to expect that keeping the same amount of the metallic volume inside the dielectric PVDF matrix would bring a better piezoelectric response by simply dispersing this phase. On the local resonance measured by PFM, this should be the worst due to the homogeneous distribution of the nano-inclusions. Both neat PVDF films and hybrid ones (0.5% in wt of nanoparticles included into the polymer matrix) showed, as-deposited (un-poled), a similar β-phase content. Although the piezoelectric coefficient in the case of the hybrid films was one order of magnitude lower than that for the neat PVDF films, the robustness of the polarized areas was reported 24 h after the polarization process and after several images scanning. We thus succeeded in demonstrating that un-poled polymer thin films can show the same piezoelectric coefficient as the poled one (i.e., 10 pm/V). In addition, low electric field switching (50 MV/m) was used here compared to the typical values reported in the literature (100–150 MV/m).
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3
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Park JK, Jang HM, Cho WJ, Kim C, Suk J, Kim DS, Lee JS. Enhanced anomalous magnetization in carbonyl iron by Ni + ion beam irradiation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20118. [PMID: 34635765 PMCID: PMC8505505 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99673-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the magnetic properties in carbonyl iron (CI) particles before and after Ni[Formula: see text] and H[Formula: see text] ion beam irradiation. Upon increasing temperatures, the saturation magnetization ([Formula: see text]) in hysteresis loops exhibits an anomalous increase at a high temperature for the unirradiated and the Ni[Formula: see text]-beam-irradiated samples, unlike in H[Formula: see text]-beam-irradiated sample. Moreover, the magnetization values at low and high temperatures are more intense after Ni[Formula: see text] beam irradiation, whereas after H[Formula: see text] beam irradiation those are remarkably suppressed. Hematite ([Formula: see text]-Fe[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text]) phase introduced on the surface of our CI particles undergoes the Morin transition that was observed in our magnetization-temperature curves. The Morin transition causing canted antiferromagnetism above the Morin temperature was found in the unirradiated and Ni[Formula: see text]-beam-irradiated samples, but not in H[Formula: see text]-beam-irradiated sample. It is thus revealed that the CI particles undergoing the Morin transition cause the anomalous increase in [Formula: see text]. We may suggest that Ni[Formula: see text] ion beam increases uncompensated surface spins on the CI particles resulting in a more steep Morin transition and the intensified [Formula: see text]. Ion-beam irradiation may thus be a good tool for controlling the magnetic properties of CI particles, tailoring our work for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kue Park
- Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Gyeongju, 38180, Korea.
| | - Hye Min Jang
- Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Gyeongju, 38180, Korea
| | - Won-Je Cho
- Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Gyeongju, 38180, Korea.
| | - Chorong Kim
- Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Gyeongju, 38180, Korea
| | - Jaekwon Suk
- Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Gyeongju, 38180, Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Kim
- Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Gyeongju, 38180, Korea
| | - Jae Sang Lee
- Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Gyeongju, 38180, Korea
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4
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Feng R, Zhu Z, Liu Y, Song S, Zhang Y, Yuan Y, Han T, Xiong C, Dong L. Magnetoelectric effect in flexible nanocomposite films based on size-matching. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:4177-4187. [PMID: 33576760 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08544h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Flexible magnetoelectric (ME) nanocomposites with a strong coupling between ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity are of significant importance from the point of view of next-generation flexible electronic devices. However, a high loading of magnetic nanomaterials is needed to achieve preferable ME response due to the size mismatch of the magnetostrictive phase and piezoelectric phase. In this work, ultra-small CoFe2O4 nanoparticles were prepared to match the size of the polar crystal in poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)), and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (POTS) is introduced to enhance the interplay between P(VDF-TrFE) and CoFe2O4. The above multiple effects promote a good connection between the magnetostrictive phase and the piezoelectric phase. Therefore, an effective transference of stress from CoFe2O4 to P(VDF-TrFE) can be achieved. The as-prepared P(VDF-TrFE)/CoFe2O4@POTS exhibits a high ME coupling coefficient of 34 mV cm-1 Oe-1 when the content of CoFe2O4@POTS is 20 wt%. The low loading of fillers ensures the flexibility of ME nanocomposite films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Feng
- Center for Smart Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Zhengwang Zhu
- Center for Smart Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Center for Smart Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Shaokun Song
- Center for Smart Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yang Zhang
- Center for Smart Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Ye Yuan
- Center for Smart Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Ting Han
- Center for Smart Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Chuanxi Xiong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijie Dong
- Center for Smart Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China. and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070, Wuhan, China
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5
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Spin Symmetry Breaking: Superparamagnetic and Spin Glass-Like Behavior Observed in Rod-Like Liquid Crystalline Organic Compounds Contacting Nitroxide Radical Spins. Symmetry (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sym12111910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid crystalline (LC) organic radicals were expected to show a novel non-linear magnetic response to external magnetic and electric fields due to their coherent collective molecular motion. We have found that a series of chiral and achiral all-organic LC radicals having one or two five-membered cyclic nitroxide radical (PROXYL) units in the core position and, thereby, with a negative dielectric anisotropy exhibit spin glass (SG)-like superparamagnetic features, such as a magnetic hysteresis (referred to as ‘positive magneto-LC effect’), and thermal and impurity effects during a heating and cooling cycle in weak magnetic fields. Furthermore, for the first time, a nonlinear magneto-electric (ME) effect has been detected with respect to one of the LC radicals showing a ferroelectric (chiral Smectic C) phase. The mechanism of the positive magneto-LC effect is proposed and discussed by comparison of our experimental results with the well-known magnetic properties of SG materials and on the basis of the experimental results of a nonlinear ME effect. A recent theoretical study by means of molecular dynamic simulation and density functional theory calculations suggesting the high possibility of conservation of the memory of spin-spin interactions between magnetic moments owing to the ceaseless molecular contacts in the LC and isotropic states is briefly mentioned as well.
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Li H, Wang C, Li D, Homm P, Menghini M, Locquet JP, Van Haesendonck C, Van Bael MJ, Ruan S, Zeng YJ. Magnetic orders and origin of exchange bias in Co clusters embedded oxide nanocomposite films. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:155301. [PMID: 30658346 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aafff0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles embedded oxide semiconductors are interesting candidates for spintronics in view of combining ferromagnetic (FM) and semiconducting properties. In this work, Co-ZnO and Co-V2O3 nanocomposite thin films are synthesized by Co ion implantation in crystalline thin films. Magnetic orders vary with the implantation fluence in Co-ZnO, where superparamagnetic (SPM) order appears in the low-fluence films (2 × 1016 and 4 × 1016 ions cm-2) and FM order co-exists with the SPM phase in high-fluence films (1 × 1017 ions cm-2). Exchange bias (EB) appears in the high-fluence films, with an EB field of about 100 Oe at 2 K and a blocking temperature of around 100 K. On the other hand, Co-V2O3 thin films with an implantation fluence of 3.5 × 1016 ions cm-2 exhibit a clear antiferromagnetic (AFM) coupling at low temperatures without the EB effect. The different magnetic behavior of the Co-implanted films with different Co content leads us to conclude that the observed EB effect in the Co-ZnO films results from the FM/AFM coupling between sizable Co nanoparticles and their CoO/Co3O4 surroundings in the (Zn,Co)O matrix. On the other hand, the absence of EB effect in Co-V2O3 appears to be due to the small size of the FM Co nanoparticles in spite of an AFM magnetic order. Detailed studies of magnetic orders and EB effect in magnetic nanocomposite semiconductors can pave the way for their application in spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Boulevard 3688, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China. Center for Advanced Material Diagnostic Technology, Shenzhen Technology University, No. 3002, Lantian Road, Pingshan District, Shenzhen 518118, People's Republic of China
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7
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Vinai G, Ressel B, Torelli P, Loi F, Gobaut B, Ciancio R, Casarin B, Caretta A, Capasso L, Parmigiani F, Cugini F, Solzi M, Malvestuto M, Ciprian R. Giant magneto-electric coupling in 100 nm thick Co capped by ZnO nanorods. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:1326-1336. [PMID: 29296985 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr09233d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Here we report a giant, completely reversible magneto-electric coupling of 100 nm polycrystalline Co layer in contact with ZnO nanorods. When the sample is under an applied bias of ±2 V, the Co magnetic coercivity is reduced by a factor 5 from the un-poled case, with additionally a reduction of total magnetic moment in Co. Taking into account the chemical properties of ZnO nanorods measured by X-rays absorption near edge spectroscopy under bias, we conclude that these macroscopic effects on the magnetic response of the Co layer are due to the microstructure and the strong strain-driven magneto-electric coupling induced by the ZnO nanorods, whose nanostructuration maximizes the piezoelectric response under bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Vinai
- CNR-Istituto Officina dei Materiali IOM, s.s. 14 km 163.5, 34149, Trieste, Italy
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8
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Huang J, Li L, Lu P, Qi Z, Sun X, Zhang X, Wang H. Self-assembled Co-BaZrO 3 nanocomposite thin films with ultra-fine vertically aligned Co nanopillars. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:7970-7976. [PMID: 28574068 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr01122a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A simple one-step pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method has been applied to grow self-assembled metal-oxide nanocomposite thin films. The as-deposited Co-BaZrO3 films show high epitaxial quality with ultra-fine vertically aligned Co nanopillars (diameter <5 nm) embedded in a BZO matrix. The diameter of the nanopillars can be further tuned by varying the deposition frequency. The metal and oxide phases grow separately without inter-diffusion or mixing. Taking advantage of this unique structure, a high saturation magnetization of ∼1375 emu cm-3 in the Co-BaZrO3 nanocomposites has been achieved and further confirmed by Lorentz microscopy imaging in TEM. Furthermore, the coercivity values of this nanocomposite thin films range from 600 Oe (20 Hz) to 1020 Oe (2 Hz), which makes the nanocomposite an ideal candidate for high-density perpendicular recording media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijie Huang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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9
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Lorenz M, Hirsch D, Patzig C, Höche T, Hohenberger S, Hochmuth H, Lazenka V, Temst K, Grundmann M. Correlation of Interface Impurities and Chemical Gradients with High Magnetoelectric Coupling Strength in Multiferroic BiFeO 3-BaTiO 3 Superlattices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:18956-18965. [PMID: 28508622 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b04084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The detailed understanding of magnetoelectric (ME) coupling in multiferroic oxide heterostructures is still a challenge. In particular, very little is known to date concerning the impact of the chemical interface structure and unwanted impurities that may be buried within short-period multiferroic BiFeO3-BaTiO3 superlattices during growth. Here, we demonstrate how trace impurities and elemental concentration gradients contribute to high ME voltage coefficients in thin-film superlattices, which are built from 15 double layers of BiFeO3-BaTiO3. Surprisingly, the highest ME voltage coefficient of 55 V cm-1 Oe-1 at 300 K was measured for a superlattice with a few atomic percent of Ba and Ti that diffused into the nominally 5 nm thin BiFeO3 layers, according to analytical transmission electron microscopy. In addition, highly sensitive enhancements of the cation signals were observed in depth profiles by secondary ion mass spectrometry at the interfaces of BaTiO3 and BiFeO3. As these interface features correlate with the ME performance of the samples, they point to the importance of charge effects at the interfaces, that is, to a possible charge mediation of ME coupling in oxide superlattices. The challenge is to provide cleaner materials and processes, as well as a well-defined control of the chemical interface structure, to push forward the application of oxide superlattices in multiferroic ME devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lorenz
- Semiconductor Physics Group, Felix-Bloch-Institut für Festkörperphysik, Universität Leipzig , D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dietmar Hirsch
- Physikalische Abteilung, Leibniz-Institut für Oberflächenmodifizierung e.V. , D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Patzig
- Center for Applied Microstructure Diagnostics, Fraunhofer-Institut für Mikrostruktur von Werkstoffen und Systemen , D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Thomas Höche
- Center for Applied Microstructure Diagnostics, Fraunhofer-Institut für Mikrostruktur von Werkstoffen und Systemen , D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Stefan Hohenberger
- Semiconductor Physics Group, Felix-Bloch-Institut für Festkörperphysik, Universität Leipzig , D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger Hochmuth
- Semiconductor Physics Group, Felix-Bloch-Institut für Festkörperphysik, Universität Leipzig , D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Vera Lazenka
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, KU Leuven , B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristiaan Temst
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, KU Leuven , B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marius Grundmann
- Semiconductor Physics Group, Felix-Bloch-Institut für Festkörperphysik, Universität Leipzig , D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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10
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Zeng YJ, Gauquelin N, Li DY, Ruan SC, He HP, Egoavil R, Ye ZZ, Verbeeck J, Hadermann J, Van Bael MJ, Van Haesendonck C. Co-Rich ZnCoO Nanoparticles Embedded in Wurtzite Zn1-xCoxO Thin Films: Possible Origin of Superconductivity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:22166-22171. [PMID: 26387766 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b06363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Co-rich ZnCoO nanoparticles embedded in wurtzite Zn0.7Co0.3O thin films are grown by pulsed laser deposition on a Si substrate. Local superconductivity with an onset Tc at 5.9 K is demonstrated in the hybrid system. The unexpected superconductivity probably results from Co3+ in the Co-rich ZnCoO nanoparticles or from the interface between the Co-rich nanoparticles and the Zn0.7Co0.3O matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jia Zeng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
- Solid State Physics and Magnetism Section, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200 D, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Nicolas Gauquelin
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171, BE-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dan-Ying Li
- Solid State Physics and Magnetism Section, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200 D, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shuang-Chen Ruan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Ping He
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Ricardo Egoavil
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171, BE-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Zhi-Zhen Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Johan Verbeeck
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171, BE-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Joke Hadermann
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171, BE-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Margriet J Van Bael
- Solid State Physics and Magnetism Section, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200 D, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Van Haesendonck
- Solid State Physics and Magnetism Section, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200 D, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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11
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Payne CLR, Scarborough P, Rayner M, Nonaka K. Are edible insects more or less 'healthy' than commonly consumed meats? A comparison using two nutrient profiling models developed to combat over- and undernutrition. Eur J Clin Nutr 2015; 70:285-91. [PMID: 26373961 PMCID: PMC4781901 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Insects have been the subject of recent attention as a potentially environmentally sustainable and nutritious alternative to traditional protein sources. The purpose of this paper is to test the hypothesis that insects are nutritionally preferable to meat, using two evaluative tools that are designed to combat over- and under-nutrition. Subjects/Methods: We selected 183 datalines of publicly available data on the nutrient composition of raw cuts and offal of three commonly consumed meats (beef, pork and chicken), and six commercially available insect species, for energy and 12 relevant nutrients. We applied two nutrient profiling tools to this data: The Ofcom model, which is used in the United Kingdom, and the Nutrient Value Score (NVS), which has been used in East Africa. We compared the median nutrient profile scores of different insect species and meat types using non-parametric tests and applied Bonferroni adjustments to assess for statistical significance in differences. Results: Insect nutritional composition showed high diversity between species. According to the Ofcom model, no insects were significantly ‘healthier' than meat products. The NVS assigned crickets, palm weevil larvae and mealworm a significantly healthier score than beef (P<0.001) and chicken (P<0.001). No insects were statistically less healthy than meat. Conclusions: Insect nutritional composition is highly diverse in comparison with commonly consumed meats. The food category ‘insects' contains some foods that could potentially exacerbate diet-related public health problems related to over-nutrition, but may be effective in combating under-nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L R Payne
- Department of Intercultural Studies, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan.,Nuffield Department of Population Health, The British Heart Foundation Centre on Population Approaches for Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - P Scarborough
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, The British Heart Foundation Centre on Population Approaches for Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M Rayner
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, The British Heart Foundation Centre on Population Approaches for Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - K Nonaka
- Department of Intercultural Studies, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Martins P, Kolen'ko YV, Rivas J, Lanceros-Mendez S. Tailored Magnetic and Magnetoelectric Responses of Polymer-Based Composites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:15017-22. [PMID: 26110461 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b04102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The manipulation of electric ordering with applied magnetic fields has been realized on magnetoelectric (ME) materials; however, their ME switching is often accompanied by significant hysteresis and coercivity that represents for some applications a severe weakness. To overcome this obstacle, this work focuses on the development of a new type of ME polymer nanocomposites that exhibits a tailored ME response at room temperature. The multiferroic nanocomposites are based on three different ferrite nanoparticles, Zn0.2Mn0.8Fe2O4 (ZMFO), CoFe2O4 (CFO) and Fe3O4 (FO), dispersed in a piezoelectric copolymer poly(vinylindene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) matrix. No substantial differences were detected in the time-stable piezoelectric response of the composites (∼-28 pC·N(1-)) with distinct ferrite fillers and for the same ferrite content of 10 wt %. Magnetic hysteresis loops from pure ferrite nanopowders showed different magnetic responses. ME results of the nanocomposite films with 10 wt % ferrite content revealed that the ME induced voltage increases with increasing dc magnetic field until a maximum of 6.5 mV·cm(-1)·Oe(1-), at an optimum magnetic field of 0.26 T, and 0.8 mV·cm(-1)·Oe(1-), at an optimum magnetic field of 0.15 T, for the CFO/P(VDF-TrFE) and FO/P(VDF-TrFE) composites, respectively. In contrast, the ME response of ZMFO/P(VDF-TrFE) exposed no hysteresis and high dependence on the ZMFO filler content. Possible innovative applications such as memories and information storage, signal processing, and ME sensors and oscillators have been addressed for such ferrite/PVDF nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Martins
- †Centro/Departamento de Física, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Yu V Kolen'ko
- ‡International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - J Rivas
- ‡International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
- ∥Nanomag Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Technological Research Institute, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - S Lanceros-Mendez
- †Centro/Departamento de Física, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Martins P, Larrea A, Gonçalves R, Botelho G, Ramana EV, Mendiratta SK, Sebastian V, Lanceros-Mendez S. Novel Anisotropic Magnetoelectric Effect on δ-FeO(OH)/P(VDF-TrFE) Multiferroic Composites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:11224-11229. [PMID: 25950199 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b01196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed increased research effort on multiphase magnetoelectric (ME) composites. In this scope, this paper presents the application of novel materials for the development of anisotropic magnetoelectric sensors based on δ-FeO(OH)/P(VDF-TrFE) composites. The composite is able to precisely determine the amplitude and direction of the magnetic field. A new ME effect is reported in this study, as it emerges from the magnetic rotation of the δ-FeO(OH) nanosheets inside the piezoelectric P(VDF-TrFE) polymer matrix. δ-FeO(OH)/P(VDF-TrFE) composites with 1, 5, 10, and 20 δ-FeO(OH) filler weight percentage in three δ-FeO(OH) alignment states (random, transversal, and longitudinal) have been developed. Results have shown that the modulus of the piezoelectric response (10-24 pC·N(-1)) is stable at least up to three months, the shape and magnetization maximum value (3 emu·g(-1)) is dependent on δ-FeO(OH) content, and the obtained ME voltage coefficient, with a maximum of ∼0.4 mV·cm(-1)·Oe(-1), is dependent on the incident magnetic field direction and intensity. In this way, the produced materials are suitable for innovative anisotropic sensor and actuator applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Martins
- †Centro/Departamento de Física, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - A Larrea
- ‡Department of Chemical Engineering. Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/Poeta Mariano Esquillor S/N, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - R Gonçalves
- †Centro/Departamento de Física, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- §Centro/Departamento de Química, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - G Botelho
- §Centro/Departamento de Química, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - E V Ramana
- ∥Departamento de Física, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - S K Mendiratta
- ∥Departamento de Física, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - V Sebastian
- ‡Department of Chemical Engineering. Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/Poeta Mariano Esquillor S/N, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- ⊥CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Lanceros-Mendez
- †Centro/Departamento de Física, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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