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Yang J, Lin D, Chen Y, Li T, Liu J. Solution-Processed Metal Oxide Thin-Film Transistor at Low Temperature via A Combination Strategy of H 2 O 2 -Inducement Technique and Infrared Irradiation Annealing. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2301739. [PMID: 38438783 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Solution processing has emerged as a promising technique for the fabrication of oxide thin-film transistors (TFTs), offering advantages such as low cost, high throughput, and exceptional compositional control. However, achieving reasonable electrical properties typically demands high annealing temperatures in the fabrication process. In addressing this challenge, a novel combination strategy is proposed that involves integrating the H2 O2 inducement technique with infrared (IR) irradiation annealing. The study investigates the effects of precursors and IR irradiation annealing temperatures on the electrical properties of In2 O3 TFTs. It is found that H2 O2 can help accelerate the decomposition of organic residues, while IR irradiation annealing could enhance the film densification. By employing the proposed strategy, metal oxide TFTs consisting of a Zr-Al-O dielectric fabricated at 230 °C and an In2 O3 channel layer fabricated at 185 °C demonstrated high performance with field-effect mobility = 31.7 cm2 V-1 ·s-1 , threshold voltage = 1.3 V, subthreshold swing = 0.13 V per decade, and on-to-off current ratio = 1.1 × 105 . This work demonstrates the proposed combinational strategy is a general method to fabricate not only metal oxide semiconductors but also dielectrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingze Yang
- Micro&Nano Semiconductor Research Center of Jimei University, School of Ocean Information Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Oceanic Information Perception and Intelligent Processing, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Dong Lin
- Micro&Nano Semiconductor Research Center of Jimei University, School of Ocean Information Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Oceanic Information Perception and Intelligent Processing, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yushan Chen
- Micro&Nano Semiconductor Research Center of Jimei University, School of Ocean Information Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Oceanic Information Perception and Intelligent Processing, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Micro&Nano Semiconductor Research Center of Jimei University, School of Ocean Information Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Oceanic Information Perception and Intelligent Processing, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
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2
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Wang R, Liang K, Wang S, Cao Y, Xin Y, Peng Y, Ma X, Zhu B, Wang H, Hao Y. Printable Epsilon-Type Structure Transistor Arrays with Highly Reliable Physical Unclonable Functions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210621. [PMID: 36734053 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Printed electronics promises to drive the future data-intensive technologies, with its potential to fabricate novel devices over a large area with low cost on nontraditional substrates. In these emerging technologies, there exists a large digital information flow, which requires secure communication and authentication. Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) offer a promising built-in hardware-security system comparable to biometrical data, which can be constructed by device-specific intrinsic variations in the additive manufacturing process of active devices. However, printed PUFs typically exploit the inherent variation in layer thickness and roughness of active devices. The current in devices with enough significant changes to increase the robustness to external environment noise is still a challenge. Here, printable epsilon-type-structure indium tin oxide transistor arrays are demonstrated to construct high-reliability PUFs by modifying the coffee-ring structure. The epsilon-type structure improves the printing scalability, film quality, and device reliability. Furthermore, the print-induced uncertainty along the channel thickness and length can lead to changes in the carrier concentration. Notably, the randomly distributed printing droplets in a small area significantly increase this uncertainty. As a result, the PUFs exhibit near-ideal uniformity, uniqueness, randomness, and reliability. Additionally, the PUFs are resilient against machine-learning-based attacks with a prediction accuracy of only 55% without postprocessing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, China
| | - Kun Liang
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Saisai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, China
| | - Yaxiong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, China
| | - Yuhan Xin
- Key Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, China
| | - Yaqian Peng
- Key Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, China
| | - Xiaohua Ma
- Key Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, China
| | - Bowen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, China
| | - Yue Hao
- Key Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, China
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Alam F, He G, Yan J, Wang W. All-Water-Driven High-k HfO 2 Gate Dielectrics and Applications in Thin Film Transistors. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:694. [PMID: 36839062 PMCID: PMC9966958 DOI: 10.3390/nano13040694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we used a simple, non-toxic, environmentally friendly, water-driven route to fabricate the gate dielectric on the Si substrate and successfully integrate the In2O3/HfO2 thin film transistor (TFT). All the electrical properties of In2O3 based on HfO2 were systematically analyzed. The In2O3/HfO2 device exhibits the best electrical performance at an optimized annealing temperature of 500 °C, including a high µFE of 9 cm2 V-1 s-1, a high ION/IOFF of 105, a low threshold voltage of 1.1 V, and a low sub-threshold of 0.31 V dec-1. Finally, test the stability of the bias under positive bias stress (PBS) and negative bias stress (NBS) with threshold shifts (VTH) of 0.35 and 0.13 V while these optimized properties are achieved at a small operating voltage of 2 V. All experimental results demonstrate the potential application of aqueous solution technology for future low-cost, energy-efficient, large-scale, and high-performance electronics.
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Li S, Zhang X, Zhang P, Song G, Yuan L. Enhanced Electrical Performance and Stability of Solution-Processed Thin-Film Transistors with In 2O 3/In 2O 3:Gd Heterojunction Channel Layer. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:2783. [PMID: 36014648 PMCID: PMC9415699 DOI: 10.3390/nano12162783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of the semiconductor heterojunction channel layer has been explored as a method for improving the performance of metal oxide thin-film transistors (TFTs). The excellent electrical performance and stability of heterojunction TFTs is easy for vacuum-based techniques, but difficult for the solution process. Here, we fabricated In2O3/In2O3:Gd (In2O3/InGdO) heterojunction TFTs using a solution process and compared the electrical properties with single-layer In2O3 TFTs and In2O3:Gd (InGdO) TFTs. The In2O3/InGdO TFT consisted of a highly conductive In2O3 film as the primary transmission layer and a subconductive InGdO film as the buffer layer, and exhibited excellent electrical performance. Furthermore, by altering the Gd dopant concentration, we obtained an optimal In2O3/InGdO TFT with a higher saturation mobility (µ) of 4.34 cm2V-1s-1, a near-zero threshold voltage (Vth), a small off-state current (Ioff) of 1.24×10-9 A, a large on/off current ratio (Ion/Ioff) of 3.18×105, a small subthreshold swing (SS), and an appropriate positive bias stability (PBS). Finally, an aging test was performed after three months, indicating that In2O3/InGdO TFTs enable long-term air stability while retaining a high-mobility optimal switching property. This study suggests that the role of a high-performance In2O3/InGdO heterojunction channel layer fabricated by the solution process in the TFT is underlined, which further explores a broad pathway for the development of high-performance, low-cost, and large-area oxide electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Li
- College of Engineering Physics, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
- School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xinan Zhang
- College of Engineering Physics, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
- School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Penglin Zhang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Guoxiang Song
- School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Li Yuan
- College of Engineering Physics, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
- School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
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5
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Hu S, Shabani F, Liu B, Zhang L, Guo M, Lu G, Zhou Z, Wang J, Huang JC, Min Y, Xue Q, Demir HV, Liu C. High-Performance Deep Red Colloidal Quantum Well Light-Emitting Diodes Enabled by the Understanding of Charge Dynamics. ACS NANO 2022; 16:10840-10851. [PMID: 35816171 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c02967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum wells (CQWs) have emerged as a promising family of two-dimensional (2D) optoelectronic materials with outstanding properties, including ultranarrow luminescence emission, nearly unity quantum yield, and large extinction coefficient. However, the performance of CQWs-based light-emitting diodes (CQW-LEDs) is far from satisfactory, particularly for deep red emissions (≥660 nm). Herein, high efficiency, ultra-low-efficiency roll-off, high luminance, and extremely saturated deep red CQW-LEDs are reported. A key feature for the high performance is the understanding of charge dynamics achieved by introducing an efficient electron transport layer, ZnMgO, which enables balanced charge injection, reduced nonradiative channels, and smooth films. The CQW-LEDs based on (CdSe/CdS)@(CdS/CdZnS) ((core/crown)@(colloidal atomic layer deposition shell/hot injection shell)) show an external quantum efficiency of 9.89%, which is a record value for 2D nanocrystal LEDs with deep red emissions. The device also exhibits an ultra-low-efficiency roll-off and a high luminance of 3853 cd m-2. Additionally, an exceptional color purity with the CIE coordinates of (0.719, 0.278) is obtained, indicating that the color gamut covers 102% of the International Telecommunication Union Recommendation BT 2020 (Rec. 2020) standard in the CIE 1931 color space, which is the best for CQW-LEDs. Furthermore, an active-matrix CQW-LED pixel circuit is demonstrated. The findings imply that the understanding of charge dynamics not only enables high-performance CQW-LEDs and can be further applied to other kinds of nanocrystal LEDs but also is beneficial to the development of CQW-LEDs-based display technology and related integrated optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Farzan Shabani
- UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Baiquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Lingjiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Min Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Guanhua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhisheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jacob C Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Advanced Study, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yonggang Min
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qifan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hilmi Volkan Demir
- UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- LUMINOUS! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Materials Sciences, School of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Chuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Sil A, Goldfine EA, Huang W, Bedzyk MJ, Medvedeva JE, Facchetti A, Marks TJ. Role of Fluoride Doping in Low-Temperature Combustion-Synthesized ZrO x Dielectric Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:12340-12349. [PMID: 35232012 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Zirconium oxide (ZrOx) is an attractive metal oxide dielectric material for low-voltage, optically transparent, and mechanically flexible electronic applications due to the high dielectric constant (κ ∼ 14-30), negligible visible light absorption, and, as a thin film, good mechanical flexibility. In this contribution, we explore the effect of fluoride doping on structure-property-function relationships in low-temperature solution-processed amorphous ZrOx. Fluoride-doped zirconium oxide (F:ZrOx) films with a fluoride content between 1.7 and 3.2 in atomic (at) % were synthesized by a combustion synthesis procedure. Irrespective of the fluoride content, grazing incidence X-ray diffraction, atomic-force microscopy, and UV-vis spectroscopy data indicate that all F:ZrOx films are amorphous, atomically smooth, and transparent in visible light. Impedance spectroscopy measurements reveal that unlike solution-processed fluoride-doped aluminum oxide (F:AlOx), fluoride doping minimally affects the frequency-dependent capacitance instability of solution-processed F:ZrOx films. This result can be rationalized by the relatively weak Zr-F versus Zr-O bonds and the large ionic radius of Zr+4, as corroborated by EXAFS analysis and MD simulations. Nevertheless, the performance of pentacene thin-film transistors (TFTs) with F:ZrOx gate dielectrics indicates that fluoride incorporation reduces I-V hysteresis in the transfer curves and enhances bias stress stability versus TFTs fabricated with analogous, but undoped ZrOx films as gate dielectrics, due to reduced trap density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritra Sil
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Elise A Goldfine
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China
| | - Michael J Bedzyk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Julia E Medvedeva
- Department of Physics, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Flexterra Inc., 8025 Lamon Avenue, Skokie, Illinois 60077, United States
| | - Tobin J Marks
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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7
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Lee J, Jae M, Hassan SZ, Chung DS. Sublimation-doping with super bases for high-performance solution-processed heterojunction oxide thin film transistors. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:3105-3112. [PMID: 34515283 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh00929j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We elucidate how non-destructive sublimation-doping of In2O3/ZnO heterojunctions with various amidine-based organic dopants affects the degree of band bending of the heterojunction and thus the overall performance of solution-processed heterojunction oxide thin-film transistors (TFTs). Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses show that the stronger the basicity of the dopant, the smaller the EC - EF of ZnO that can be induced within a short doping time, resulting in a high electron mobility due to the increased electron density of the In2O3 layer at the vicinity of the heterointerface. Mott-Schottky analysis combined with secondary ion mass spectroscopy shows the preferential modification of EC - EF selectively for the ZnO layer. The use of a super base with the highest basicity exhibits a high electron mobility of 17.8 cm2 V-1 s-1 for the SiO2 and 37.8 cm2 V-1 s-1 on average (46.6 cm2 V-1 s-1 maximum) for the ZrO2 dielectric layers and enhanced operational bias-stress stability via sublimation-doping for 6 min, which can be attributed to the trap-filled, percolation-limited charge transport behavior. Reproducibility tests are conducted for more than 50 independently fabricated TFTs using the optimized doping technique, and electron mobility distributions with deviations <±10% are demonstrated. This study shows that sublimation doping with super bases can be a good solution for high mobility oxide TFTs with stability and reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyeok Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mingyu Jae
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Syed Zahid Hassan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dae Sung Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
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Fang Y, Zhao C, Mitrovic IZ, Zhao C. High-Performance and Radiation-Hardened Solution-Processed ZrLaO Gate Dielectrics for Large-Area Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:50101-50110. [PMID: 34636544 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Radiation hardness is important for electronics operating in harsh radiation environments such as outer space and nuclear energy industries. In this work, radiation-hardened solution-processed ZrLaO thin films are demonstrated. The radiation effects on solution-processed ZrLaO thin films and InOx/ZrLaO thin-film transistors (TFTs) were systemically investigated. The Zr0.9La0.1Oy thin films demonstrated excellent radiation hardness with negligible roughness, composition, electrical property, and bias-stress stability degradation after radiation exposure. The metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors (MOSCAPs) based on Zr0.9La0.1Oy gate dielectrics exhibited an ultralow flat band-voltage (VFB) sensitivity of 0.11 mV/krad and 0.19 mV/krad under low dose and high dose gamma irradiation conditions, respectively. The low dose condition had a 103 krad (SiO2) total dose and a 0.12 rad/s low dose rate, whereas the high dose condition had a 580 krad total dose and a 278 rad/s high dose rate. Furthermore, InOx/Zr0.9La0.1Oy thin-film transistors (TFTs) exhibited a large Ion/Ioff of 2 × 106, a small subthreshold swing (SS) of 0.11 V/dec, a small interface trap density (Dit) of 1 × 1012 cm-2, and a 0.16 V threshold shift (ΔVTH) under 3600 s positive bias-stress (PBS). InOx/Zr0.9La0.1Oy TFT-based resistor-loaded inverters demonstrated complete swing behavior, a static output gain of 13.3 under 4 V VDD, and an ∼9% radiation-induced degradation. Through separate investigation of the radiation-induced degradation on the semiconductor layer and dielectric layer of TFTs, it was found that radiation exposure mainly generated oxygen vacancies (Vo) and increased electron concentration among gate oxide. Nevertheless, the radiation-induced TFT instability was mainly related to the semiconductor layer degradation, which could be possibly suppressed by back-channel passivation. The demonstrated results indicate that solution-processed ZrLaO is a high-potential candidate for large-area electronics and circuits applied in harsh radiation environments. In addition, the detailed investigation of radiation-induced degradation on solution-processed high-k dielectrics in this work provided clear inspiration for developing novel flexible rad-hard dielectrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Fang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, United Kingdom
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chun Zhao
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, United Kingdom
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ivona Z Mitrovic
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, United Kingdom
| | - Cezhou Zhao
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, United Kingdom
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
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Mude NN, Bukke RN, Jang J. High Performance of Solution-Processed Amorphous p-Channel Copper-Tin-Sulfur-Gallium Oxide Thin-Film Transistors by UV/O 3 Photocuring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:20277-20287. [PMID: 33891409 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c21979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of p-type metal-oxide semiconductors (MOSs) is of increasing interest for applications in next-generation optoelectronic devices, display backplane, and low-power-consumption complementary MOS circuits. Here, we report the high performance of solution-processed, p-channel copper-tin-sulfide-gallium oxide (CTSGO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) using UV/O3 exposure. Hall effect measurement confirmed the p-type conduction of CTSGO with Hall mobility of 6.02 ± 0.50 cm2 V-1 s-1. The p-channel CTSGO TFT using UV/O3 treatment exhibited the field-effect mobility (μFE) of 1.75 ± 0.15 cm2 V-1 s-1 and an on/off current ratio (ION/IOFF) of ∼104 at a low operating voltage of -5 V. The significant enhancement in the device performance is due to the good p-type CTSGO material, smooth surface morphology, and fewer interfacial traps between the semiconductor and the Al2O3 gate insulator. Therefore, the p-channel CTSGO TFT can be applied for CMOS MOS TFT circuits for next-generation display.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Naik Mude
- Advanced Display Research Center (ADRC), Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Ravindra Naik Bukke
- Advanced Display Research Center (ADRC), Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Jin Jang
- Advanced Display Research Center (ADRC), Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
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Liu Q, Zhao C, Zhao T, Liu Y, Mitrovic IZ, Xu W, Yang L, Zhao CZ. Ecofriendly Solution-Combustion-Processed Thin-Film Transistors for Synaptic Emulation and Neuromorphic Computing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:18961-18973. [PMID: 33848133 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The ecofriendly combustion synthesis (ECS) and self-combustion synthesis (ESCS) have been successfully utilized to deposit high-k aluminum oxide (AlOx) dielectrics at low temperatures and applied for aqueous In2O3 thin-film transistors (TFTs) accordingly. The ECS and ESCS processes facilitate the formation of high-quality dielectrics at lower temperatures compared to conventional methods based on an ethanol precursor, as confirmed by thermal analysis and chemical composition characterization. The aqueous In2O3 TFTs based on ECS and ESCS-AlOx show enhanced electrical characteristics and counterclockwise transfer-curve hysteresis. The memory-like counterclockwise behavior in the transfer curve modulated by the gate bias voltage is comparable to the signal modulation by the neurotransmitters. ECS and ESCS transistors are employed to perform synaptic emulation; various short-term and long-term memory functions are emulated with low operating voltages and high excitatory postsynaptic current levels. High stability and reproducibility are achieved within 240 pulses of long-term synaptic potentiation and depression. The synaptic emulation functions achieved in this work match the demand for artificial neural networks (ANN), and a multilayer perceptron (MLP) is developed using an ECS-AlOx synaptic transistor for image recognition. A superior recognition rate of over 90% is achieved based on ECS-AlOx synaptic transistors, which facilitates the implementation of the metal-oxide synaptic transistor for future neuromorphic computing via an ecofriendly route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihan Liu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 72Z, U.K
| | - Chun Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 72Z, U.K
| | - Tianshi Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 72Z, U.K
| | - Yina Liu
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ivona Z Mitrovic
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 72Z, U.K
| | - Wangying Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ce Zhou Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 72Z, U.K
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Shin ES, Go JY, Ryu GS, Liu A, Noh YY. Highly Reliable Organic Field-Effect Transistors with Molecular Additives for a High-Performance Printed Gas Sensor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:4278-4283. [PMID: 33433990 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors (OSCs) are promising sensing materials for printed flexible gas sensors. However, OSCs are unstable in the humid air, which limits the realization of gas sensors for multiple usages. In this paper, we report a facile and effective way to improve the air stability of an OSC film to realize multiple reversibly used printed gas sensors by adding molecular additives. The tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) or 4-aminobenzonitrile (ABN) additives effectively prevent adsorption of moisture from the air on the OSC layer, thereby providing a stable gas sensor operation. The organic field-effect transistor (OFET)-based indacenodithiophene-co-benzothiadiazole with TCNQ or ABN shows highly reliable ammonia (NH3) gas sensing up to 10 ppm in air, with 23.14% sensitivity, and the gas sensor signal can recover up to 100%. In particular, the stability of gas detection is greatly improved by the additives, which can be performed in the air for 16 days. The result indicates that the elimination of moisture trapped in OSCs with molecule additives is critical in the improvement of device air/operational stabilities and the achievement of high-performance OFET-based gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Sol Shin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Go
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Seong Ryu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Ao Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Young Noh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
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12
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Pujar P, Madaravalli Jagadeeshkumar KK, Naqi M, Gandla S, Cho HW, Jung SH, Cho HK, Kalathi JT, Kim S. High-Intensity Ultrasound-Assisted Low-Temperature Formulation of Lanthanum Zirconium Oxide Nanodispersion for Thin-Film Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:44926-44933. [PMID: 32897052 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The process complexity, limited stability, and distinct synthesis and dispersion steps restrict the usage of multicomponent metal oxide nanodispersions in solution-processed electronics. Herein, sonochemistry is employed for the in situ synthesis and formulation of a colloidal nanodispersion of high-permittivity (κ) multicomponent lanthanum zirconium oxide (LZO: La2Zr2O7). The continuous propagation of intense ultrasound waves in the aqueous medium allows the generation of oxidant species which, on reaction, form nanofragments of crystalline LZO at ∼80 °C. Simultaneously, the presence of acidic byproducts in the vicinity promotes the formulation of a stable as-prepared LZO dispersion. The LZO thin film exhibits a κ of 16, and thin-film transistors (TFTs) based on LZO/indium gallium zinc oxide operate at low input voltages (≤4 V), with the maximum mobility (μ) and on/off ratio (Ion/Ioff) of 5.45 ± 0.06 cm2 V-1 s-1 and ∼105, respectively. TFTs based on the compound dielectric LZO/Al2O3 present a marginal reduction in leakage current, along with enhancement in μ (6.16 ± 0.04 cm2 V-1 s-1) and Ion/Ioff (∼105). Additionally, a 3 × 3 array of the proposed TFTs exhibits appreciable performance, with a μ of 3-6 cm2 V-1 s-1, a threshold voltage of -0.5 to 0.8 V, a subthreshold swing of 0.3-0.6 V dec-1, and an Ion/Ioff of 1-2.5 (×106).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Pujar
- Multifunctional Nano Bio Electronics Lab, School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | | | - Muhammad Naqi
- Multifunctional Nano Bio Electronics Lab, School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Srinivas Gandla
- Multifunctional Nano Bio Electronics Lab, School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Hae Won Cho
- Multifunctional Nano Bio Electronics Lab, School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Sung Hyeon Jung
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Koun Cho
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jagannathan T Kalathi
- Soft Materials Research Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, India
| | - Sunkook Kim
- Multifunctional Nano Bio Electronics Lab, School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
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13
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Zhuang X, Patel S, Zhang C, Wang B, Chen Y, Liu H, Dravid VP, Yu J, Hu YY, Huang W, Facchetti A, Marks TJ. Frequency-Agile Low-Temperature Solution-Processed Alumina Dielectrics for Inorganic and Organic Electronics Enhanced by Fluoride Doping. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:12440-12452. [PMID: 32539371 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The frequency-dependent capacitance of low-temperature solution-processed metal oxide (MO) dielectrics typically yields unreliable and unstable thin-film transistor (TFT) performance metrics, which hinders the development of next-generation roll-to-roll MO electronics and obscures intercomparisons between processing methodologies. Here, capacitance values stable over a wide frequency range are achieved in low-temperature combustion-synthesized aluminum oxide (AlOx) dielectric films by fluoride doping. For an optimal F incorporation of ∼3.7 atomic % F, the F:AlOx film capacitance of 166 ± 11 nF/cm2 is stable over a 10-1-104 Hz frequency range, far more stable than that of neat AlOx films (capacitance = 336 ± 201 nF/cm2) which falls from 781 ± 85 nF/cm2 to 104 ± 4 nF/cm2 over this frequency range. Importantly, both n-type/inorganic and p-type/organic TFTs exhibit reliable electrical characteristics with minimum hysteresis when employing the F:AlOx dielectric with ∼3.7 atomic % F. Systematic characterization of film microstructural/compositional and electronic/dielectric properties by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, time-of-fight secondary ion mass spectrometry, cross-section transmission electron microscopy, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy reveal that fluoride doping generates AlOF, which strongly reduces the mobile hydrogen content, suppressing polarization mechanisms at low frequencies. Thus, this work provides a broadly applicable anion doping strategy for the realization of high-performance solution-processed metal oxide dielectrics for both organic and inorganic electronics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, China.,Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Sawankumar Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Binghao Wang
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Haoyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Junsheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Yan-Yan Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States.,Center of Interdisciplinary Magnetic Resonance, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Flexterra Corporation, 8025 Lamon Avenue, Skokie, Illinois 60077, United States
| | - Tobin J Marks
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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14
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Effect of Zirconium Doping on Electrical Properties of Aluminum Oxide Dielectric Layer by Spin Coating Method with Low Temperature Preparation. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10070620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, significant efforts have been devoted to the research and development of spin-coated Al2O3 thin films, due to their large band gaps, high breakdown voltage and stability at high annealing temperature. However, as the alumina precursor has a large surface energy, substrates need to be treated by plasma before spin coating. Therefore, to avoid the expensive and process-complicated plasma treatment, we incorporated zirconium nitrate into the aluminum nitrate solution to decrease the surface energy of the precursor which improve the spreadability. Then, the electrical performances and the surface morphologies of the films were measured. For comparison, the pure Al2O3 films with plasma treatments were also prepared. As a result, after low temperature annealing (200 °C), the relative dielectric constant of Zr–AlOx spin-coated thin-film MIM (Metal-Insulator-Metal) devices can reach 12 and the leakage current density is not higher than 7.78 × 10−8 A/cm2 @ 1 MV/cm when the concentration of zirconium nitrate is 0.05 mol/L. The Aluminum oxide film prepared by zirconium doping has higher stability and better electrical properties than the pure films with plasma treatments and high performance can be attained under low-temperature annealing, which shows its potential application in printing and flexible electronic devices.
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Kang YH, Min BK, Kim SK, Bae G, Song W, Lee C, Cho SY, An KS. Proton Conducting Perhydropolysilazane-Derived Gate Dielectric for Solution-Processed Metal Oxide-Based Thin-Film Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:15396-15405. [PMID: 32148019 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c01274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Perhydropolysilazane (PHPS), an inorganic polymer composed of Si-N and Si-H, has attracted much attention as a precursor for gate dielectrics of thin-film transistors (TFTs) due to its facile processing even at a relatively low temperature. However, an in-depth understanding of the tunable dielectric behavior of PHPS-derived dielectrics and their effects on TFT device performance is still lacking. In this study, the PHPS-derived dielectric films formed at different annealing temperatures have been used as the gate dielectric layer for solution-processed indium zinc oxide (IZO) TFTs. Notably, the IZO TFTs fabricated on PHPS annealed at 350 °C exhibit mobility as high as 118 cm2 V-1 s-1, which is about 50 times the IZO TFTs made on typical SiO2 dielectrics. The outstanding electrical performance is possible because of the exceptional capacitance of PHPS-derived dielectric caused by the limited hydrolysis reaction of PHPS at a low processing temperature (<400 °C). According to our analysis, the exceptional dielectric behavior is originated from the electric double layer formed by mobile of protons in the low temperature-annealed PHPS dielectrics. Furthermore, proton conduction through the PHPS dielectric occurs through a three-dimensional pathway by a hopping mechanism, which allows uniform polarization of the dielectric even at room temperature, leading to amplified performance of the IZO TFTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hun Kang
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Bok Ki Min
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
- Graphene Research Team, ICT Creative Research Laboratory, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong K Kim
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
- Department of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hannam University, Daejeon 34430, Republic of Korea
| | - Garam Bae
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooseok Song
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Changjin Lee
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Yun Cho
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Seok An
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
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16
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Heo JS, Jeon SP, Kim I, Lee W, Kim YH, Park SK. Suppression of Interfacial Disorders in Solution-Processed Metal Oxide Thin-Film Transistors by Mg Doping. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:48054-48061. [PMID: 31791119 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of high-performance metal oxide thin-film transistors (TFTs) using a low-temperature solution process may facilitate the realization of ultraflexible and wearable electronic devices. However, the development of highly stable oxide gate dielectrics at a low temperature has been a challenging issue since a considerable amount of residual impurities and defective bonding states is present in low-temperature-processed gate dielectrics causing a large counterclockwise hysteresis and a significant instability. Here, we report a new approach to effectively remove the residual impurities and suppress the relevant dipole disorder in a low-temperature-processed (180 °C) AlOx gate dielectric layer by magnesium (Mg) doping. Mg is well known as a promising material for suppression of oxygen vacancy defects and improvement of operational stability due to a high oxygen vacancy formation energy (Evo = 9.8 eV) and a low standard reduction potential (E0 = -2.38 V). Therefore, with an adequate control of Mg concentration in metal oxide (MO) films, oxygen-related defects could be easily suppressed without additional treatments and then stable metal-oxygen-metal (M-O-M) network formation could be achieved, causing excellent operational stability. By optimal Mg doping (10%) in the InOx channel layer, Mg:InOx TFTs exhibited negligible clockwise hysteresis and a field-effect mobility of >4 cm2 V-1 s-1. Furthermore, the electric characteristics of the low-temperature-processed AlOx gate dielectric with high impurities were improved by Mg diffusion originating in Mg doping, resulting in stable threshold voltage shift in the bias stability test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Sang Heo
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering , Chung-Ang University , Seoul 06980 , Korea
- Department of Medicine , University of Connecticut School of Medicine , Farmington , Connecticut 06030 , United States
| | - Seong-Pil Jeon
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering , Chung-Ang University , Seoul 06980 , Korea
| | - Insoo Kim
- Department of Medicine , University of Connecticut School of Medicine , Farmington , Connecticut 06030 , United States
| | - Woobin Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering and SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Korea
| | - Yong-Hoon Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering and SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Korea
| | - Sung Kyu Park
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering , Chung-Ang University , Seoul 06980 , Korea
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17
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Koslowski N, Hoffmann RC, Trouillet V, Bruns M, Foro S, Schneider JJ. Synthesis, oxide formation, properties and thin film transistor properties of yttrium and aluminium oxide thin films employing a molecular-based precursor route. RSC Adv 2019; 9:31386-31397. [PMID: 35527957 PMCID: PMC9072413 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05348d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Combustion synthesis of dielectric yttrium oxide and aluminium oxide thin films is possible by introducing a molecular single-source precursor approach employing a newly designed nitro functionalized malonato complex of yttrium (Y-DEM-NO21) as well as defined urea nitrate coordination compounds of yttrium (Y-UN 2) and aluminium (Al-UN 3). All new precursor compounds were extensively characterized by spectroscopic techniques (NMR/IR) as well as by single-crystal structure analysis for both urea nitrate coordination compounds. The thermal decomposition of the precursors 1-3 was studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry coupled with mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy (TG-MS/IR). As a result, a controlled thermal conversion of the precursors into dielectric thin films could be achieved. These oxidic thin films integrated within capacitor devices are exhibiting excellent dielectric behaviour in the temperature range between 250 and 350 °C, with areal capacity values up to 250 nF cm-2, leakage current densities below 1.0 × 10-9 A cm-2 (at 1 MV cm-1) and breakdown voltages above 2 MV cm-1. Thereby the increase in performance at higher temperatures can be attributed to the gradual conversion of the intermediate hydroxy species into the respective metal oxide which is confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Finally, a solution-processed Y x O y based TFT was fabricated employing the precursor Y-DEM-NO21. The device exhibits decent TFT characteristics with a saturation mobility (μ sat) of 2.1 cm2 V-1 s-1, a threshold voltage (V th) of 6.9 V and an on/off current ratio (I on/off) of 7.6 × 105.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Koslowski
- Fachbereich Chemie, Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 12 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Rudolf C Hoffmann
- Fachbereich Chemie, Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 12 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Vanessa Trouillet
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM-ESS), Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Michael Bruns
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM-ESS), Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Sabine Foro
- Department of Material Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Jörg J Schneider
- Fachbereich Chemie, Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 12 64287 Darmstadt Germany
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18
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Li Y, He P, Chen S, Lan L, Dai X, Peng J. Inkjet-Printed Oxide Thin-Film Transistors Based on Nanopore-Free Aqueous-Processed Dielectric for Active-Matrix Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diode Displays. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:28052-28059. [PMID: 31304744 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b08258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Inkjet-printed thin-film transistors (TFTs) for active-matrix light-emitting diode display are drawing much attention for the advantages of low material waste and simple fabrication processes without vacuum deposition and photolithography steps. Herein, for the first time, solution-processed quantum-dot light-emitting diode (QLED) array displays driven with the inkjet-printed oxide TFT backplane were realized and demonstrated using a general "solvent printing" method. To suppress nanopore formation in the thick oxide films, carbon-free aqueous inks were employed for gate dielectrics. No nanopore was found in the whole 120 nm-thick gate dielectrics. However, compared to the organic inks, the aqueous inks have very low viscosity, resulting in uncontrollable ink spreading especially in transline printing. The ink easily shrinks on the low-surface-energy area and spreads on the high-surface-energy area, leading to serious uniformity problems (the upper lines even break at the top of underlying lines). To solve the problem, a "solvent printing" method was employed to form coffee-line surface-energy patterns, which were uniform without shape distortion. The surface-energy patterns can restrain the ink spreading and tune the morphology of the printed films. As a result, multilayer TFT arrays with ideal shapes were achieved. The mobilities of the printed top-gate TFTs in the backplane array were 3.13 ± 0.87 cm2 V-1 s-1 for switching TFTs and 2.22 ± 0.38 cm2 V-1 s-1 for driving TFTs. Finally, an active-matrix red QLED character display based on the printed oxide TFT backplane and solution-processed QLEDs was demonstrated. The "solvent printing" method opens a general route for inkjet-printed multilayer electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of TechnologyRINGGOLD , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Penghui He
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of TechnologyRINGGOLD , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Siting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of TechnologyRINGGOLD , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Linfeng Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of TechnologyRINGGOLD , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Xingqiang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of TechnologyRINGGOLD , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Junbiao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of TechnologyRINGGOLD , Guangzhou 510640 , China
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Chung S, Cho K, Lee T. Recent Progress in Inkjet-Printed Thin-Film Transistors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1801445. [PMID: 30937255 PMCID: PMC6425446 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201801445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Drop-on-demand inkjet printing is one of the most attractive techniques from a manufacturing perspective due to the possibility of fabrication from a digital layout at ambient conditions, thus leading to great opportunities for the realization of low-cost and flexible thin-film devices. Over the past decades, a variety of inkjet-printed applications including thin-film transistors (TFTs), radio-frequency identification devices, sensors, and displays have been explored. In particular, many research groups have made great efforts to realize high-performance TFTs, for application as potential driving components of ubiquitous wearable electronics. Although there are still challenges to enable the commercialization of printed TFTs beyond laboratory-scale applications, the field of printed TFTs still attracts significant attention, with remarkable developments in soluble materials and printing methodology. Here, recent progress in printing-based TFTs is presented from materials to applications. Significant efforts to improve the electrical performance and device-yield of printed TFTs to match those of counterparts fabricated using conventional deposition or photolithography methods are highlighted. Moreover, emerging low-dimension printable semiconductors, including carbon nanotubes and transition metal dichalcogenides as well as mature semiconductors, and new-concept printed switching devices, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungjun Chung
- Photo‐Electronic Hybrids Research CenterKorea Institute of Science and TechnologyHwarang‐ro 14‐gil 5Seongbuk‐guSeoul02792South Korea
| | - Kyungjune Cho
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Institute of Applied PhysicsSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826South Korea
| | - Takhee Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Institute of Applied PhysicsSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826South Korea
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Cai W, Ning H, Zhu Z, Wei J, Zhou S, Yao R, Fang Z, Huang X, Lu X, Peng J. Investigation of direct inkjet-printed versus spin-coated ZrO 2 for sputter IGZO thin film transistor. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2019; 14:80. [PMID: 30838466 PMCID: PMC6401082 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-019-2905-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a low leakage current ZrO2 was fabricated for sputter indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) thin-film transistor using direct inkjet-printing technology. Spin-coated and direct inkjet-printed ZrO2 were prepared to investigate the film formation process and electrical performance for different process. Homogeneous ZrO2 films were observed through the high-resolution TEM images. The chemical structure of ZrO2 films were investigated by XPS measurements. The inkjet-printed ZrO2 layer upon IGZO showed a superior performance on mobility and off state current, but a large Vth shift under positive bias stress. As a result, the TFT device based on inkjet-printed ZrO2 exhibited a saturation mobility of 12.4 cm2/Vs, an Ion/Ioff ratio of 106, a turn on voltage of 0 V and a 1.4-V Vth shift after 1-h PBS strain. Higher density films with less oxygen vacancy were responsible for low off state current for the printed ZrO2 device. The mechanism of deteriorated performance on PBS test can be ascribed to the In-rich region formed at the back channel which easily absorbs H2O and oxygen. The absorbed H2O and oxygen capture electrons under positive bias stress, serving as acceptors in TFT device. This work demonstrates the film formation process of direct inkjet-printed and spin-coated oxide films and reveals the potential of direct inkjet-printed oxide dielectric in high-performance oxide TFT device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cai
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Honglong Ning
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Zhennan Zhu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Jinglin Wei
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Shangxiong Zhou
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Rihui Yao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Zhiqiang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Xiuqi Huang
- Gu’an New Industry Demonstration Zone, Langfang, 065500 Hebei People’s Republic of China
| | - Xubing Lu
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Junbiao Peng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640 China
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Cui Y, Meng Y, Wang Z, Wang C, Liu G, Martins R, Fortunato E, Shan F. High performance electronic devices based on nanofibers via a crosslinking welding process. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:19427-19434. [PMID: 30310899 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr05420g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, metal oxide nanofibers fabricated by electrospinning have been considered as promising components for next-generation electronic devices. Unfortunately, the nanofiber-based electronic devices usually exhibited inferior electrical performance, due to the high contact resistance between the nanofibers and the inferior interfacial adhesion between the nanofibers and the substrate. In this report, an amine-hardened epoxy resin was selected as an adhesion agent to weld nanofiber junctions and improve the interfacial adhesion performance. It was confirmed that the physical properties of the nanofibers were greatly improved after the crosslinking welding process. Taking advantage of the welding process, field-effect transistors (FETs) based on In2O3 nanofiber networks (NFNs) with various nanofiber densities were integrated and investigated. It was found that the FETs based on In2O3 NFNs with a nanofiber density of 0.4 μm-1 exhibited the optimal electrical performance. When high-k ZrOx was integrated into the FETs as the dielectric layer, the FETs based on In2O3 NFNs/ZrOx exhibited superior performance, including a μFE of 13.2 cm2 V-1 s-1, an Ion/Ioff of 107, and an SS of 90 mV per decade. The crosslinking welding process is a simple, versatile and low-cost technique, which has great possibility for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youchao Cui
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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22
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He G, Li W, Sun Z, Zhang M, Chen X. Potential solution-induced HfAlO dielectrics and their applications in low-voltage-operating transistors and high-gain inverters. RSC Adv 2018; 8:36584-36595. [PMID: 35558955 PMCID: PMC9088822 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07813k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, much attention has been paid to the investigation of solution-driven oxides for application in thin film transistors (TFTs). In current study, a fully solution-based method, using 2-methoxyethanol as solvent, has been adopted to prepare InZnO thin films and HfAlO x gate dielectrics. Amorphous HfAlO x thin films annealed at 600 °C have shown a high transparency (>85%), low leakage current density (6.9 × 10-9 A cm-2 at 2 MV cm-1), and smooth surface. To verify the potential applications of HfAlO x gate dielectrics in oxide-based TFTs, fully solution-induced InZnO/HfAlO x TFTs have been integrated. Excellent electrical performance for InZnO/HfAlO x TFTs annealed at 450 °C has been observed, including a low operating voltage of 3 V, a saturated mobility of 5.17 cm2 V-1 s-1, a high I on/I off of ∼106, a small subthreshold swing of 87 mV per decade, and a threshold voltage shift of 0.52 V under positive bias stress (PBS) for 7200 s, respectively. In addition, time dependent threshold voltage shift under PBS could be described by a stretched-exponential model, which can be due to charge trapping in the semiconductor/dielectric interface. Finally, to explore the possible application in logic operation, a resistor-loaded inverter based on InZnO/HfAlO x TFTs has been built and excellent swing characteristic and well dynamic behavior have been obtained. Therefore, it can be concluded that fully solution-driven InZnO/HfAlO x TFTs have demonstrated potential application in nontoxic, eco-friendly and low-power consumption oxide-based flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang He
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Radiation Detection Materials & Devices Lab, Anhui University Hefei 230601 P. R. China .,Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Wendong Li
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Radiation Detection Materials & Devices Lab, Anhui University Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Zhaoqi Sun
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Radiation Detection Materials & Devices Lab, Anhui University Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Miao Zhang
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Radiation Detection Materials & Devices Lab, Anhui University Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoshuang Chen
- National Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics 500 Yutian Road Shanghai 200083 P. R. China
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23
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Li M, Zhang W, Chen W, Li M, Wu W, Xu H, Zou J, Tao H, Wang L, Xu M, Peng J. Improving Thermal Stability of Solution-Processed Indium Zinc Oxide Thin-Film Transistors by Praseodymium Oxide Doping. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:28764-28771. [PMID: 30074382 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b07612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Praseodymium-doped indium zinc oxide (PrIZO) channel materials have been fabricated by a solution process with conventional chemical precursor. The PrIZO-based thin-film transistors (TFTs) exhibited a field-effect mobility of 10.10 cm2/V s, a subthreshold swing value of 0.25 V/decade, and an Ion/ Ioff ratio of 108. The as-fabricated PrIZO-TFTs showed an improved device performance against positive bias temperature stress (PBTS shift of 1.97 V for 7200 s), which was evidently better than the undoped IZO-TFTs (PBTS shift of 9.52 V). This result indicates that the organic residual (-OCH3 and -CH2-) in metal-oxide semiconductor, which is confirmed to be a dominant effect on the performance of PBTS, can be passivated by the rare earth of praseodymium element. The residual is intended to be oxidized with a more stable ester group with the assistant of PrOx, weakening the electron-withdrawing characteristic during the thermal bias stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , PR China
- Guangzhou New Vision Optoelectronic Co., Ltd. , Guangzhou 510530 , PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Guangzhou New Vision Optoelectronic Co., Ltd. , Guangzhou 510530 , PR China
| | - Weifeng Chen
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , PR China
| | - Meiling Li
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , PR China
| | - Weijing Wu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , PR China
| | - Hua Xu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , PR China
- Guangzhou New Vision Optoelectronic Co., Ltd. , Guangzhou 510530 , PR China
| | - Jianhua Zou
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , PR China
- Guangzhou New Vision Optoelectronic Co., Ltd. , Guangzhou 510530 , PR China
| | - Hong Tao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , PR China
- Guangzhou New Vision Optoelectronic Co., Ltd. , Guangzhou 510530 , PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , PR China
- Guangzhou New Vision Optoelectronic Co., Ltd. , Guangzhou 510530 , PR China
| | - Miao Xu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , PR China
- Guangzhou New Vision Optoelectronic Co., Ltd. , Guangzhou 510530 , PR China
| | - Junbiao Peng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , PR China
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24
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Xu W, Li H, Xu JB, Wang L. Recent Advances of Solution-Processed Metal Oxide Thin-Film Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:25878-25901. [PMID: 29509395 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b16010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processed metal oxide thin-film transistors (TFTs) are considered as one of the most promising transistor technologies for future large-area flexible electronics. This work surveys the recent advances in solution-processed metal oxide TFTs, including n-type oxide semiconductors, oxide dielectrics, and p-type oxide semiconductors. We first deliver a review on the history and present status of metal oxide TFTs. Then, we present the recent progress in solution-processed n-type oxide semiconductors, with a special focus on low-temperature and large-area solution-based approaches as well as emerging nondisplay applications. Next, we give a detailed analysis of the state-of-the-art solution-processed oxide dielectrics for low-power electronics. We further discuss the recent advances in solution-based p-type oxide semiconductors, which will enable the highly desirable future low-cost large-area complementary circuits. Finally, we draw conclusions and outline the perspectives over the research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangying Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060 , China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Materials Science and Technology Research Center , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin New Town , Hong Kong SAR 999077 , China
| | - Jian-Bin Xu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Materials Science and Technology Research Center , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin New Town , Hong Kong SAR 999077 , China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Materials Science and Technology Research Center , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin New Town , Hong Kong SAR 999077 , China
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
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25
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Liu A, Meng Y, Zhu H, Noh YY, Liu G, Shan F. Electrospun p-Type Nickel Oxide Semiconducting Nanowires for Low-Voltage Field-Effect Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:25841-25849. [PMID: 28937205 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b08794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
One-dimensional metal-oxide nanowires are regarded as important building blocks in nanoscale electronics, because of their unique mechanical and electrical properties. In this work, p-type nickel oxide nanowires (NiO NWs) were fabricated by combining sol-gel and electrospinning processes. The poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) with a molecular weight of 1 300 000 was used as the polymer matrix to increase the viscosity of a NiO precursor solution. The formation and properties of the as-spun NiO/PVP composite NWs before/after calcination treatment were investigated using various techniques. Because of the enhanced adhesion properties between ultraviolet (UV)-treated NiO NWs and the substrate, the field-effect transistors (FETs) based on NiO NWs were found to exhibit satisfying p-channel behaviors. For the fabrication of aligned NiO NW arrays, two parallel conducting Si strips were grounded as NW collector. The integrated FETs based on aligned NiO NWs were demonstrated to exhibit superior electrical performance, compared to the disordered counterparts with the comparable NW coverage. By employing high- k aluminum oxide (Al2O3) as a dielectric layer, instead of conventional SiO2, the devices with an aligned NiO NW array exhibit a high hole mobility of 2.8 cm2/(V s) with a low operating voltage of 5 V, fast switching speed, and successful modulation of light emission over external light-emitting diodes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work demonstrating the low-voltage transistors based on p-type oxide NWs, which represents a great step toward the development of sensors and CMOS logic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Liu
- College of Physics , Qingdao University , Qingdao 266071 , China
- College of Electronic & Information Engineering , Qingdao University , Qingdao 266071 , China
- Lab of New Fiber Materials and Modern Textile, Growing Base for State Key Laboratory , Qingdao University , Qingdao 266071 , China
| | - You Meng
- College of Physics , Qingdao University , Qingdao 266071 , China
- College of Electronic & Information Engineering , Qingdao University , Qingdao 266071 , China
- Lab of New Fiber Materials and Modern Textile, Growing Base for State Key Laboratory , Qingdao University , Qingdao 266071 , China
| | - Huihui Zhu
- College of Physics , Qingdao University , Qingdao 266071 , China
- College of Electronic & Information Engineering , Qingdao University , Qingdao 266071 , China
- Lab of New Fiber Materials and Modern Textile, Growing Base for State Key Laboratory , Qingdao University , Qingdao 266071 , China
| | - Yong-Young Noh
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering , Dongguk University , 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil , Jung-gu Seoul 04620 , Republic of Korea
| | - Guoxia Liu
- College of Physics , Qingdao University , Qingdao 266071 , China
- College of Electronic & Information Engineering , Qingdao University , Qingdao 266071 , China
- Lab of New Fiber Materials and Modern Textile, Growing Base for State Key Laboratory , Qingdao University , Qingdao 266071 , China
| | - Fukai Shan
- College of Physics , Qingdao University , Qingdao 266071 , China
- College of Electronic & Information Engineering , Qingdao University , Qingdao 266071 , China
- Lab of New Fiber Materials and Modern Textile, Growing Base for State Key Laboratory , Qingdao University , Qingdao 266071 , China
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26
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Wang Z, Meng Y, Cui Y, Fan C, Liu G, Shin B, Feng D, Shan F. Low-voltage and high-performance field-effect transistors based on Zn xSn 1-xO nanofibers with a ZrO x dielectric. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:14712-14718. [PMID: 30043022 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr03887b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
One-dimensional (1D) nanofibers have been considered to be important building blocks for nano-electronics due to their superior physical and chemical properties. In this report, high-performance zinc tin oxide (ZnSnO) nanofibers with various composition ratios were prepared by electrospinning. The surface morphology, crystallinity, grain size distribution, and chemical composition of the nanofibers were investigated. Meanwhile, field-effect transistors (FETs) based on ZnSnO nanofiber networks (NFNs) with various composition ratios were integrated and investigated. For optimized Zn0.3Sn0.7O NFNs FETs, the device based on an SiO2 dielectric exhibited a high electrical performance, including a high on/off current ratio (Ion/off) of 2 × 107 and a field-effect mobility (μFE) of 0.17 cm2 V-1 s-1. When a high-permittivity (κ) ZrOx thin film was employed as the dielectric in Zn0.3Sn0.7O NFNs FETs, the operating voltage was substantially reduced and a high μFE of 7.8 cm2 V-1 s-1 was achieved. These results indicate that the Zn0.3Sn0.7O NFNs/ZrOx FETs exhibit great potency in low-cost and low-voltage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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27
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Garlapati SK, Divya M, Breitung B, Kruk R, Hahn H, Dasgupta S. Printed Electronics Based on Inorganic Semiconductors: From Processes and Materials to Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1707600. [PMID: 29952112 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201707600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Following the ever-expanding technological demands, printed electronics has shown palpable potential to create new and commercially viable technologies that will benefit from its unique characteristics, such as, large-area and wide range of substrate compatibility, conformability and low-cost. Through the last few decades, printed/solution-processed field-effect transistors (FETs) and circuits have witnessed immense research efforts, technological growth and increased commercial interests. Although printing of functional inks comprising organic semiconductors has already been initiated in early 1990s, gradually the attention, at least partially, has been shifted to various forms of inorganic semiconductors, starting from metal chalcogenides, oxides, carbon nanotubes and very recently to graphene and other 2D semiconductors. In this review, the entire domain of printable inorganic semiconductors is considered. In fact, thanks to the continuous development of materials/functional inks and novel design/printing strategies, the inorganic printed semiconductor-based circuits today have reached an operation frequency up to several hundreds of kilohertz with only a few nanosecond time delays at the individual FET/inverter levels; in this regard, often circuits based on hybrid material systems have been found to be advantageous. At the end, a comparison of relative successes of various printable inorganic semiconductor materials, the remaining challenges and the available future opportunities are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar Garlapati
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Mitta Divya
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Ben Breitung
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Robert Kruk
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Horst Hahn
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- KIT-TUD Joint Research Laboratory Nanomaterials, Technische Universität Darmstadt (TUD), Institute of Materials Science, Jovanka-Bontschits-Str. 2, ,64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Subho Dasgupta
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
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28
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Liu A, Zhu H, Sun H, Xu Y, Noh YY. Solution Processed Metal Oxide High-κ Dielectrics for Emerging Transistors and Circuits. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1706364. [PMID: 29904984 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201706364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The electronic functionalities of metal oxides comprise conductors, semiconductors, and insulators. Metal oxides have attracted great interest for construction of large-area electronics, particularly thin-film transistors (TFTs), for their high optical transparency, excellent chemical and thermal stability, and mechanical tolerance. High-permittivity (κ) oxide dielectrics are a key component for achieving low-voltage and high-performance TFTs. With the expanding integration of complementary metal oxide semiconductor transistors, the replacement of SiO2 with high-κ oxide dielectrics has become urgently required, because their provided thicker layers suppress quantum mechanical tunneling. Toward low-cost devices, tremendous efforts have been devoted to vacuum-free, solution processable fabrication, such as spin coating, spray pyrolysis, and printing techniques. This review focuses on recent progress in solution processed high-κ oxide dielectrics and their applications to emerging TFTs. First, the history, basics, theories, and leakage current mechanisms of high-κ oxide dielectrics are presented, and the underlying mechanism for mobility enhancement over conventional SiO2 is outlined. Recent achievements of solution-processed high-κ oxide materials and their applications in TFTs are summarized and traditional coating methods and emerging printing techniques are introduced. Finally, low temperature approaches, e.g., ecofriendly water-induced, self-combustion reaction, and energy-assisted post treatments, for the realization of flexible electronics and circuits are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Liu
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Huihui Zhu
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Huabin Sun
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Young Noh
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
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29
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Chaudhry MU, Tetzner K, Lin YH, Nam S, Pearson C, Groves C, Petty MC, Anthopoulos TD, Bradley DDC. Low-Voltage Solution-Processed Hybrid Light-Emitting Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:18445-18449. [PMID: 29767502 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b06031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the development of low operating voltages in inorganic-organic hybrid light-emitting transistors (HLETs) based on a solution-processed ZrO x gate dielectric and a hybrid multilayer channel consisting of the heterojunction In2O3/ZnO and the organic polymer "Super Yellow" acting as n- and p-channel/emissive layers, respectively. Resulting HLETs operate at the lowest voltages reported to-date (<10 V) and combine high electron mobility (22 cm2/(V s)) with appreciable current on/off ratios (≈103) and an external quantum efficiency of 2 × 10-2% at 700 cd/m2. The charge injection, transport, and recombination mechanisms within this HLET architecture are discussed, and prospects for further performance enhancement are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kornelius Tetzner
- Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Yen-Hung Lin
- Department of Physics , University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3PU , United Kingdom
| | - Sungho Nam
- Department of Physics , University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3PU , United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Pearson
- Department of Engineering , Durham University , Durham DH1 3LE , United Kingdom
| | - Chris Groves
- Department of Engineering , Durham University , Durham DH1 3LE , United Kingdom
| | - Michael C Petty
- Department of Engineering , Durham University , Durham DH1 3LE , United Kingdom
| | - Thomas D Anthopoulos
- Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
- Physical Science and Engineering Division , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Donal D C Bradley
- Department of Physics , University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3PU , United Kingdom
- Department of Engineering Science , University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3PJ , United Kingdom
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30
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Bias Stability Enhancement in Thin-Film Transistor with a Solution-Processed ZrO2 Dielectric as Gate Insulator. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8050806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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31
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Jo JW, Kim KH, Kim J, Ban SG, Kim YH, Park SK. High-Mobility and Hysteresis-Free Flexible Oxide Thin-Film Transistors and Circuits by Using Bilayer Sol-Gel Gate Dielectrics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:2679-2687. [PMID: 29280381 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b10786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate high-performance and hysteresis-free solution-processed indium-gallium-zinc oxide (IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) and high-frequency-operating seven-stage ring oscillators using a low-temperature photochemically activated Al2O3/ZrO2 bilayer gate dielectric. It was found that the IGZO TFTs with single-layer gate dielectrics such as Al2O3, ZrO2, or sodium-doped Al2O3 exhibited large hysteresis, low field-effect mobility, or unstable device operation owing to the interfacial/bulk trap states, insufficient band offset, or a substantial number of mobile ions present in the gate dielectric layer, respectively. To resolve these issues and to explain the underlying physical mechanisms, a series of electrical analyses for various single- and bilayer gate dielectrics was carried out. It is shown that compared to single-layer gate dielectrics, the Al2O3/ZrO2 gate dielectric exhibited a high dielectric constant of 8.53, low leakage current density (∼10-9 A cm-2 at 1 MV cm-1), and stable operation at high frequencies. Using the photochemically activated Al2O3/ZrO2 gate dielectric, the seven-stage ring oscillators operating at an oscillation frequency of ∼334 kHz with a propagation delay of <216 ns per stage were successfully demonstrated on a polymeric substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Wan Jo
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chung-Ang University , Seoul 06980, Korea
| | - Kwang-Ho Kim
- Korea Electronics Technology Institute , Seongnam 13509, Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, and SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Seok Gyu Ban
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chung-Ang University , Seoul 06980, Korea
| | - Yong-Hoon Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, and SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Sung Kyu Park
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chung-Ang University , Seoul 06980, Korea
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32
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Zhu L, He G, Lv J, Fortunato E, Martins R. Fully solution-induced high performance indium oxide thin film transistors with ZrOx high-k gate dielectrics. RSC Adv 2018; 8:16788-16799. [PMID: 35540525 PMCID: PMC9080338 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02108b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Solution based deposition has been recently considered as a viable option for low-cost flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhu
- School of Physics and Materials Science
- Radiation Detection Materials & Devices Lab
- Anhui University
- Hefei 230039
- P. R. China
| | - Gang He
- School of Physics and Materials Science
- Radiation Detection Materials & Devices Lab
- Anhui University
- Hefei 230039
- P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Lv
- Department of Physics and Electronic Engineering
- Hefei Normal University
- Hefei 230061
- P. R. China
| | - Elvira Fortunato
- Department of Materials Science/CENIMAT-I3N
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology
- New University of Lisbon
- CEMOP-UNINOVA
- Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Martins
- Department of Materials Science/CENIMAT-I3N
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology
- New University of Lisbon
- CEMOP-UNINOVA
- Portugal
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33
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Carlos E, Branquinho R, Kiazadeh A, Martins J, Barquinha P, Martins R, Fortunato E. Boosting Electrical Performance of High-κ Nanomultilayer Dielectrics and Electronic Devices by Combining Solution Combustion Synthesis and UV Irradiation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:40428-40437. [PMID: 29090904 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b11752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, solution-based dielectric oxides have been widely studied in electronic applications enabling the use of low-cost processing technologies and device improvement. The most promising are the high-κ dielectrics, like aluminum (AlOx) and hafnium oxide (HfOx), that allow an easier trap filling in the semiconductor and the use of low operation voltage. However, in the case of HfOx, a high temperature usually is needed to induce a uniform and condensed film, which limits its applications in flexible electronics. This paper describes how to obtain HfOx dielectric thin films and the effect of their implementation in multilayer dielectrics (MLD) at low temperatures (150 °C) to apply in thin film transistors (TFTs) using the combination of solution combustion synthesis (SCS) and ultraviolet (UV) treatment. The single layers and multilayers did not show any trace of residual organics and exhibited a small surface roughness (<1.2 nm) and a high breakdown voltage (>2.7 MV·cm-1). The resulting TFTs presented a high performance at a low operation voltage (<3 V), with high saturation mobility (43.9 ± 1.1 cm2·V-1·s-1), a small subthreshold slope (0.066 ± 0.010 V·dec-1), current ratio of 1 × 106 and a good idle shelf life stability after 2 months. To our knowledge, the results achieved surpass the actual state-of-the-art. Finally, we demonstrated a low-voltage diode-connected inverter using MLD/IGZO TFTs working with a maximum gain of 1 at 2 V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Carlos
- CENIMAT/i3N Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), and CEMOP/UNINOVA , 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rita Branquinho
- CENIMAT/i3N Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), and CEMOP/UNINOVA , 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Asal Kiazadeh
- CENIMAT/i3N Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), and CEMOP/UNINOVA , 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Jorge Martins
- CENIMAT/i3N Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), and CEMOP/UNINOVA , 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro Barquinha
- CENIMAT/i3N Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), and CEMOP/UNINOVA , 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Martins
- CENIMAT/i3N Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), and CEMOP/UNINOVA , 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Elvira Fortunato
- CENIMAT/i3N Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), and CEMOP/UNINOVA , 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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34
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Woods KN, Chiang TH, Plassmeyer PN, Kast MG, Lygo AC, Grealish AK, Boettcher SW, Page CJ. High-κ Lanthanum Zirconium Oxide Thin Film Dielectrics from Aqueous Solution Precursors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:10897-10903. [PMID: 28262013 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Metal oxide thin films are critical components in modern electronic applications. In particular, high-κ dielectrics are of interest for reducing power consumption in metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) field-effect transistors. Although thin-film materials are typically produced via vacuum-based methods, solution deposition offers a scalable and cost-efficient alternative. We report an all-inorganic aqueous solution route to amorphous lanthanum zirconium oxide (La2Zr2O7, LZO) dielectric thin films. LZO films were spin-cast from aqueous solutions of metal nitrates and annealed at temperatures between 300 and 600 °C to produce dense, defect-free, and smooth films with subnanometer roughness. Dielectric constants of 12.2-16.4 and loss tangents <0.6% were obtained for MIS devices utilizing LZO as the dielectric layer (1 kHz). Leakage currents <10-7 A cm-2 at 4 MV cm-1 were measured for samples annealed at 600 °C. The excellent surface morphology, high dielectric constants, and low leakage current densities makes these LZO dielectrics promising candidates for thin-film transistor devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keenan N Woods
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon , Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Tsung-Han Chiang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Paul N Plassmeyer
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon , Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Matthew G Kast
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon , Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Alexander C Lygo
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon , Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Aidan K Grealish
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon , Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Shannon W Boettcher
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon , Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Catherine J Page
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon , Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
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35
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Zhu H, Liu A, Shan F, Yang W, Barrow C, Liu J. Direct transfer of graphene and application in low-voltage hybrid transistors. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra26452b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Scotch tape assisted direct transfer of graphene is presented. Transferred graphene can act as a carrier transport layer in In2O3/graphene/ZrO2transistor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Zhu
- College of Material Science and Engineering
- Lab of New Fiber Materials and Modern Textile
- Growing Base for State Key Laboratory
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
| | - Ao Liu
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering
- Lab of New Fiber Materials and Modern Textile
- Growing Base for State Key Laboratory
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
| | - Fukai Shan
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering
- Lab of New Fiber Materials and Modern Textile
- Growing Base for State Key Laboratory
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
| | - Wenrong Yang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences
- Deakin University
- Geelong
- Australia
| | - Colin Barrow
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences
- Deakin University
- Geelong
- Australia
| | - Jingquan Liu
- College of Material Science and Engineering
- Lab of New Fiber Materials and Modern Textile
- Growing Base for State Key Laboratory
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
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36
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Woods KN, Waddington EC, Crump CA, Bryan EA, Gleckler TS, Nellist MR, Duell BA, Nguyen DP, Boettcher SW, Page CJ. Tunable high-κ ZrxAl1−xOy thin film dielectrics from all-inorganic aqueous precursor solutions. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08362a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
An all-inorganic, aqueous solution route enables facile control of composition and optimization of zirconium aluminum oxide thin film dielectric properties.
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37
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Kryvchenkova O, Abdullah I, Macdonald JE, Elliott M, Anthopoulos T, Lin YH, Igić P, Kalna K, Cobley RJ. Nondestructive Method for Mapping Metal Contact Diffusion in In2O3 Thin-Film Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:25631-25636. [PMID: 27581104 PMCID: PMC5140079 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b10332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The channel width-to-length ratio is an important transistor parameter for integrated circuit design. Contact diffusion into the channel during fabrication or operation alters the channel width and this important parameter. A novel methodology combining atomic force microscopy and scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM) with self-consistent modeling is developed for the nondestructive detection of contact diffusion on active devices. Scans of the surface potential are modeled using physically based Technology Computer Aided Design (TCAD) simulations when the transistor terminals are grounded and under biased conditions. The simulations also incorporate the tip geometry to investigate its effect on the measurements due to electrostatic tip-sample interactions. The method is particularly useful for semiconductor- and metal-semiconductor interfaces where the potential contrast resulting from dopant diffusion is below that usually detectable with scanning probe microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kryvchenkova
- Electronic Systems Design Centre, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, U.K.
| | - Isam Abdullah
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff
University, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, U.K.
| | - John Emyr Macdonald
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff
University, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, U.K.
| | - Martin Elliott
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff
University, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, U.K.
| | - Thomas
D. Anthopoulos
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics,
Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Yen-Hung Lin
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics,
Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Petar Igić
- Electronic Systems Design Centre, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, U.K.
| | - Karol Kalna
- Electronic Systems Design Centre, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, U.K.
| | - Richard J. Cobley
- Electronic Systems Design Centre, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, U.K.
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38
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Banger K, Warwick C, Lang J, Broch K, Halpert JE, Socratous J, Brown A, Leedham T, Sirringhaus H. Identification of dipole disorder in low temperature solution processed oxides: its utility and suppression for transparent high performance solution-processed hybrid electronics. Chem Sci 2016; 7:6337-6346. [PMID: 28567246 PMCID: PMC5450438 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc01962e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of long-lived dipole disorder in low-temp solution processed dielectrics, and it's suppression.
The ability to deposit high-quality inorganic semiconductors and dielectrics from solution at low process temperatures (∼200 °C) has become a very important research focus. During the course of our investigation, we identify the presence of an induced dipole present in solid state solution processed inorganic oxide insulator layers processed at reduced temperature (200–350 °C) from either molecular precursors, or well-dispersed metal oxide nanoparticles. Chemical composition analysis coupled with electrical measurements shows that the dielectric instability occurs due to proton migration via the Grotthuss mechanism inducing a long lived dipole disorder. Thus we established conditions for suppressing this effect to afford “ideal” high-k dielectric layer. Using this methodology, solution processed all inorganic thin film transistors (TFTs) with charge carrier mobilities exceeding 6 cm2 V–1 s–1 operating at low voltage (5 V) have been achieved. In addition, we show the broad utility of the perovskite high-k dielectric when processed with state of the art polymer and single crystal organic semiconductors yielding mobilities of approx. 7 cm2 V–1 s–1 at only 4 V. These transparent devices demonstrate excellent electrical device stability and a threshold voltage shift of only 0.41 V over 14 h, which is comparable, or better than sputtered oxide films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kulbinder Banger
- Optoelectronics Group , Cavendish Laboratory , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , UK . ;
| | - Christopher Warwick
- Optoelectronics Group , Cavendish Laboratory , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , UK . ;
| | - Jiang Lang
- Optoelectronics Group , Cavendish Laboratory , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , UK . ;
| | - Katharina Broch
- Optoelectronics Group , Cavendish Laboratory , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , UK . ;
| | - Jonathan E Halpert
- Optoelectronics Group , Cavendish Laboratory , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , UK . ;
| | - Josephine Socratous
- Optoelectronics Group , Cavendish Laboratory , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , UK . ;
| | - Adam Brown
- Optoelectronics Group , Cavendish Laboratory , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , UK . ;
| | | | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Optoelectronics Group , Cavendish Laboratory , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , UK . ;
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39
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Xu W, Cao H, Liang L, Xu JB. Aqueous Solution-Deposited Gallium Oxide Dielectric for Low-Temperature, Low-Operating-Voltage Indium Oxide Thin-Film Transistors: A Facile Route to Green Oxide Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:14720-14725. [PMID: 26054237 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b02451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We reported a novel aqueous route to fabricate Ga2O3 dielectric at low temperature. The formation and properties of Ga2O3 were investigated by a wide range of characterization techniques, revealing that Ga2O3 films could effectively block leakage current even after annealing in air at 200 °C. Furthermore, all aqueous solution-processed In2O3/Ga2O3 TFTs fabricated at 200 and 250 °C showed mobilities of 1.0 and 4.1 cm2 V(-1) s(-1), on/off current ratio of ∼10(5), low operating voltages of 4 V, and negligible hysteresis. Our study represents a significant step toward the development of low-cost, low-temperature, and large-area green oxide electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangying Xu
- †Department of Electronic Engineering, Materials Science and Technology Research Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | | | | | - Jian-Bin Xu
- †Department of Electronic Engineering, Materials Science and Technology Research Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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40
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Jaehnike F, Pham DV, Anselmann R, Bock C, Kunze U. High-Quality Solution-Processed Silicon Oxide Gate Dielectric Applied on Indium Oxide Based Thin-Film Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:14011-14017. [PMID: 26039187 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b03105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A silicon oxide gate dielectric was synthesized by a facile sol-gel reaction and applied to solution-processed indium oxide based thin-film transistors (TFTs). The SiOx sol-gel was spin-coated on highly doped silicon substrates and converted to a dense dielectric film with a smooth surface at a maximum processing temperature of T = 350 °C. The synthesis was systematically improved, so that the solution-processed silicon oxide finally achieved comparable break downfield strength (7 MV/cm) and leakage current densities (<10 nA/cm(2) at 1 MV/cm) to thermally grown silicon dioxide (SiO2). The good quality of the dielectric layer was successfully proven in bottom-gate, bottom-contact metal oxide TFTs and compared to reference TFTs with thermally grown SiO2. Both transistor types have field-effect mobility values as high as 28 cm(2)/(Vs) with an on/off current ratio of 10(8), subthreshold swings of 0.30 and 0.37 V/dec, respectively, and a threshold voltage close to zero. The good device performance could be attributed to the smooth dielectric/semiconductor interface and low interface trap density. Thus, the sol-gel-derived SiO2 is a promising candidate for a high-quality dielectric layer on many substrates and high-performance large-area applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Jaehnike
- †Evonik Industries AG, 45772 Marl, Germany
- ‡Lehrstuhl für Werkstoffe und Nanoelektronik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | | | | | - Claudia Bock
- ‡Lehrstuhl für Werkstoffe und Nanoelektronik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kunze
- ‡Lehrstuhl für Werkstoffe und Nanoelektronik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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41
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Xu W, Wang H, Xie F, Chen J, Cao H, Xu JB. Facile and environmentally friendly solution-processed aluminum oxide dielectric for low-temperature, high-performance oxide thin-film transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:5803-5810. [PMID: 25679286 DOI: 10.1021/am508775c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We developed a facile and environmentally friendly solution-processed method for aluminum oxide (AlOx) dielectrics. The formation and properties of AlOx thin films under various annealing temperatures were intensively investigated by thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry (TGA-DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), spectroscopic ellipsometry, atomic force microscopy (AFM), attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), impedance spectroscopy, and leakage current measurements. The sol-gel-derived AlOx thin film undergoes the decomposition of organic residuals and nitrate groups, as well as conversion of aluminum hydroxides to form aluminum oxide, as the annealing temperature increases. Finally, the AlOx film is used as gate dielectric for a variety of low-temperature solution-processed oxide TFTs. Above all, the In2O3 and InZnO TFTs exhibited high average mobilities of 57.2 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) and 10.1 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1), as well as an on/off current ratio of ∼10(5) and low operating voltages of 4 V at a maximum processing temperature of 300 °C. Therefore, the solution-processable AlOx could be a promising candidate dielectric for low-cost, low-temperature, and high-performance oxide electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangying Xu
- †Department of Electronic Engineering, Materials Science and Technology Research Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Han Wang
- †Department of Electronic Engineering, Materials Science and Technology Research Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | | | | | | | - Jian-Bin Xu
- †Department of Electronic Engineering, Materials Science and Technology Research Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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42
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Liu A, Liu G, Zhu H, Shin B, Fortunato E, Martins R, Shan F. Eco-friendly water-induced aluminum oxide dielectrics and their application in a hybrid metal oxide/polymer TFT. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15370k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Eco-friendly water-inducement method was used to fabricate hybrid metal oxide/polymer TFTs based on high-k AlOx dielectric with high electrical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Liu
- College of Physics and Lab of New Fiber Materials and Modern Textile
- Growing Base for State Key Laboratory
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- China
| | - Guoxia Liu
- College of Physics and Lab of New Fiber Materials and Modern Textile
- Growing Base for State Key Laboratory
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- China
| | - Huihui Zhu
- College of Physics and Lab of New Fiber Materials and Modern Textile
- Growing Base for State Key Laboratory
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- China
| | - Byoungchul Shin
- Electronic Ceramics Center
- DongEui University
- Busan 614-714
- Korea
| | - Elvira Fortunato
- Department of Materials Science/CENIMAT-I3N
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology
- New University of Lisbon and CEMOP-UNINOVA
- Campus de Caparica
- 2829-516 Caparica
| | - Rodrigo Martins
- Department of Materials Science/CENIMAT-I3N
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology
- New University of Lisbon and CEMOP-UNINOVA
- Campus de Caparica
- 2829-516 Caparica
| | - Fukai Shan
- College of Physics and Lab of New Fiber Materials and Modern Textile
- Growing Base for State Key Laboratory
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- China
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43
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Meng Y, Liu G, Liu A, Song H, Hou Y, Shin B, Shan F. Low-temperature fabrication of high performance indium oxide thin film transistors. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra04145g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, indium oxide (In2O3) thin-film transistors (TFTs) were fabricated by a fully-solution process at low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Meng
- College of Physics and Lab of New Fiber Materials and Modern Textile
- Growing Base for State Key Laboratory
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- China
| | - Guoxia Liu
- College of Physics and Lab of New Fiber Materials and Modern Textile
- Growing Base for State Key Laboratory
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- China
| | - Ao Liu
- College of Physics and Lab of New Fiber Materials and Modern Textile
- Growing Base for State Key Laboratory
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- China
| | - Huijun Song
- College of Physics and Lab of New Fiber Materials and Modern Textile
- Growing Base for State Key Laboratory
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- China
| | - Yang Hou
- College of Physics and Lab of New Fiber Materials and Modern Textile
- Growing Base for State Key Laboratory
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- China
| | - Byoungchul Shin
- Electronic Ceramics Center
- DongEui University
- Busan 614-714
- South Korea
| | - Fukai Shan
- College of Physics and Lab of New Fiber Materials and Modern Textile
- Growing Base for State Key Laboratory
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- China
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