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Gendron D, Bubak G. Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene Materials as Xenobiotics in Living Systems: Is There a Consensus on Their Safety? J Xenobiot 2023; 13:740-760. [PMID: 38132708 PMCID: PMC10744618 DOI: 10.3390/jox13040047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes and graphene are two types of nanomaterials that have unique properties and potential applications in various fields, including biomedicine, energy storage, and gas sensing. However, there is still a debate about the safety of these materials, and there is yet to be a complete consensus on their potential risks to human health and the environment. While some studies have provided recommendations for occupational exposure limits, more research is needed to fully understand the potential risks of these materials to human health and the environment. In this review, we will try to summarize the advantages and disadvantages of using carbon nanotubes and graphene as well as composites containing them in the context of their biocompatibility and toxicity to living systems. In addition, we overview current policy guidelines and technical regulations regarding the safety of carbon-based nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gendron
- Kemitek, Cégep de Thetford, 835 Rue Mooney, Thetford Mines, QC G6G 0A5, Canada
| | - Grzegorz Bubak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland;
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2
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Gu L, Huang R, Ni N, Gu P, Fan X. Advances and Prospects in Materials for Craniofacial Bone Reconstruction. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:4462-4496. [PMID: 37470754 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The craniofacial region is composed of 23 bones, which provide crucial function in keeping the normal position of brain and eyeballs, aesthetics of the craniofacial complex, facial movements, and visual function. Given the complex geometry and architecture, craniofacial bone defects not only affect the normal craniofacial structure but also may result in severe craniofacial dysfunction. Therefore, the exploration of rapid, precise, and effective reconstruction of craniofacial bone defects is urgent. Recently, developments in advanced bone tissue engineering bring new hope for the ideal reconstruction of the craniofacial bone defects. This report, presenting a first-time comprehensive review of recent advances of biomaterials in craniofacial bone tissue engineering, overviews the modification of traditional biomaterials and development of advanced biomaterials applying to craniofacial reconstruction. Challenges and perspectives of biomaterial development in craniofacial fields are discussed in the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ni Ni
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ping Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
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3
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Xuan L, Ju Z, Skonieczna M, Zhou P, Huang R. Nanoparticles-induced potential toxicity on human health: Applications, toxicity mechanisms, and evaluation models. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e327. [PMID: 37457660 PMCID: PMC10349198 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) have become one of the most popular objects of scientific study during the past decades. However, despite wealth of study reports, still there is a gap, particularly in health toxicology studies, underlying mechanisms, and related evaluation models to deeply understanding the NPs risk effects. In this review, we first present a comprehensive landscape of the applications of NPs on health, especially addressing the role of NPs in medical diagnosis, therapy. Then, the toxicity of NPs on health systems is introduced. We describe in detail the effects of NPs on various systems, including respiratory, nervous, endocrine, immune, and reproductive systems, and the carcinogenicity of NPs. Furthermore, we unravels the underlying mechanisms of NPs including ROS accumulation, mitochondrial damage, inflammatory reaction, apoptosis, DNA damage, cell cycle, and epigenetic regulation. In addition, the classical study models such as cell lines and mice and the emerging models such as 3D organoids used for evaluating the toxicity or scientific study are both introduced. Overall, this review presents a critical summary and evaluation of the state of understanding of NPs, giving readers more better understanding of the NPs toxicology to remedy key gaps in knowledge and techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Xuan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental HealthXiangya School of Public HealthCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Zhao Ju
- Department of Occupational and Environmental HealthXiangya School of Public HealthCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Magdalena Skonieczna
- Department of Systems Biology and EngineeringInstitute of Automatic ControlSilesian University of TechnologyGliwicePoland
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of TechnologyGliwicePoland
| | - Ping‐Kun Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for RadiobiologyDepartment of Radiation BiologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Ruixue Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental HealthXiangya School of Public HealthCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
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4
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El-Kalliny AS, Abdel-Wahed MS, El-Zahhar AA, Hamza IA, Gad-Allah TA. Nanomaterials: a review of emerging contaminants with potential health or environmental impact. DISCOVER NANO 2023; 18:68. [PMID: 37382722 PMCID: PMC10409958 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-023-03787-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnologies have been advantageous in many sectors and gaining much concern due to the unique physical, chemical and biological properties of nanomaterials (NMs). We have surveyed peer-reviewed publications related to "nanotechnology", "NMs", "NMs water treatment", "NMs air treatment", and "NMs environmental risk" in the last 23 years. We found that most of the research work is focused on developing novel applications for NMs and new products with peculiar features. In contrast, there are relatively few of publications concerning NMs as environmental contaminants relative to that for NMs applications. Thus, we devoted this review for NMs as emerging environmental contaminants. The definition and classification of NMs will be presented first to demonstrate the importance of unifying the NMs definition. The information provided here should facilitate the detection, control, and regulation of NMs contaminants in the environment. The high surface-area-to-volume ratio and the reactivity of NMs contaminants cause the prediction of the chemical properties and potential toxicities of NPs to be extremely difficult; therefore, we found that there are marked knowledge gaps in the fate, impact, toxicity, and risk of NMs. Consequently, developing and modifying extraction methods, detection tools, and characterization technologies are essential for complete risk assessment of NMs contaminants in the environment. This will help also in setting regulations and standards for releasing and handling NMs as there are no specific regulations. Finally, the integrated treatment technologies are necessary for the removal of NMs contaminants in water. Also, membrane technology is recommended for NMs remediation in air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amer S El-Kalliny
- Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud S Abdel-Wahed
- Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Adel A El-Zahhar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A Hamza
- Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Tarek A Gad-Allah
- Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
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5
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Kodali V, Roberts JR, Glassford E, Gill R, Friend S, Dunn KL, Erdely A. Understanding toxicity associated with boron nitride nanotubes: Review of toxicity studies, exposure assessment at manufacturing facilities, and read-across. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH 2022; 37:4620-4638. [PMID: 37193295 PMCID: PMC10174278 DOI: 10.1557/s43578-022-00796-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Boron nitride nanotubes (BNNT) are produced by many different methods leading to variances in physicochemical characteristics and impurities in the final product. These differences can alter the toxicity profile. The importance of understanding the potential pathological implications of this high aspect ratio nanomaterial is increasing as new approaches to synthesize and purify in large scale are being developed. In this review, we discuss the various factors of BNNT production that can influence its toxicity followed by summarizing the toxicity findings from in vitro and in vivo studies conducted to date, including a review of particle clearance observed with various exposure routes. To understand the risk to workers and interpret relevance of toxicological findings, exposure assessment at manufacturing facilities was discussed. Workplace exposure assessment of BNNT from two manufacturing facilities measured boron concentrations in personal breathing zones from non-detectable to 0.95 μg/m3 and TEM structure counts of 0.0123 ± 0.0094 structures/cm3, concentrations well below what was found with other engineered high aspect ratio nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes and nanofibers. Finally, using a purified BNNT, a "read-across" toxicity assessment was performed to demonstrate how known hazard data and physicochemical characteristics can be utilized to evaluate potential inhalation toxicity concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vamsi Kodali
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1000 Frederick Lane (MS-2015), Morgantown, WV 26508, USA
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Jenny R. Roberts
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1000 Frederick Lane (MS-2015), Morgantown, WV 26508, USA
| | - Eric Glassford
- Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA
| | - Ryan Gill
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1000 Frederick Lane (MS-2015), Morgantown, WV 26508, USA
| | - Sherri Friend
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1000 Frederick Lane (MS-2015), Morgantown, WV 26508, USA
| | - Kevin L. Dunn
- Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA
| | - Aaron Erdely
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1000 Frederick Lane (MS-2015), Morgantown, WV 26508, USA
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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6
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Al Harby NF, El-Batouti M, Elewa MM. Prospects of Polymeric Nanocomposite Membranes for Water Purification and Scalability and their Health and Environmental Impacts: A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12203637. [PMID: 36296828 PMCID: PMC9610978 DOI: 10.3390/nano12203637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Water shortage is a major worldwide issue. Filtration using genuine polymeric membranes demonstrates excellent pollutant separation capabilities; however, polymeric membranes have restricted uses. Nanocomposite membranes, which are produced by integrating nanofillers into polymeric membrane matrices, may increase filtration. Carbon-based nanoparticles and metal/metal oxide nanoparticles have received the greatest attention. We evaluate the antifouling and permeability performance of nanocomposite membranes and their physical and chemical characteristics and compare nanocomposite membranes to bare membranes. Because of the antibacterial characteristics of nanoparticles and the decreased roughness of the membrane, nanocomposite membranes often have greater antifouling properties. They also have better permeability because of the increased porosity and narrower pore size distribution caused by nanofillers. The concentration of nanofillers affects membrane performance, and the appropriate concentration is determined by both the nanoparticles' characteristics and the membrane's composition. Higher nanofiller concentrations than the recommended value result in deficient performance owing to nanoparticle aggregation. Despite substantial studies into nanocomposite membrane manufacturing, most past efforts have been restricted to the laboratory scale, and the long-term membrane durability after nanofiller leakage has not been thoroughly examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouf F. Al Harby
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Qassim 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mervette El-Batouti
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M. Elewa
- Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria P.O. Box 1029, Egypt
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7
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Fujita K, Obara S, Maru J. Pulmonary toxicity, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity of submicron-diameter carbon fibers with different diameters and lengths. Toxicology 2021; 466:153063. [PMID: 34890706 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.153063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Submicron-diameter carbon fibers (SCFs) are a type of fine-diameter fibrous carbon material that can be used in various applications. To accelerate their practical application, a hazard assessment of SCFs must be undertaken. This study demonstrated the pulmonary toxicity, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity of three types of SCFs with different diameters and lengths. The average diameter and length of SCFs were 259.2 nm and 11.7 μm in SCF1 suspensions, 248.5 nm and 6.7 μm in SCF2 suspensions, and 183.0 nm and 13.7 μm in SCF3 suspensions, respectively. The results of pulmonary inflammation and recovery following intratracheal instillation with SCFs at doses of 0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 mg/kg showed that the pulmonary toxicity of SCFs was SCF3 > SCF1 > SCF2. These results suggest that SCF diameter and length are most likely important contributing factors associated with lung SCF clearance, pulmonary inflammation, and recovery. Furthermore, SCFs are less pulmonary toxic than bent multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Cell viability, pro-inflammatory cytokine and intracellular reactive oxygen species productions, morphological changes, gene expression profiling in NR8383 rat alveolar macrophage cells showed that the cytotoxic potency of SCFs is: SCF3 > SCF1 > SCF2. These results showed that SCFs with small diameters had high cytotoxicity, and SCFs with short lengths had low cytotoxicity. We conclude that pulmonary toxicity and cytotoxicity are associated with the diameter and length distributions of SCFs. In addition, a standard battery for genotoxicity testing, namely the Ames test, an in vitro chromosomal aberration test, and a mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test, demonstrated that the three types of SCFs did not induce genotoxicity. Our findings provide new evidence for evaluating the potential toxicity of not only SCFs used in this study but also various SCFs which differ depending on the manufacturing processes or physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhide Fujita
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability (RISS), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8569, Japan.
| | - Sawae Obara
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability (RISS), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8569, Japan
| | - Junko Maru
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability (RISS), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8569, Japan
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8
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Keshavan S, Gupta G, Martin S, Fadeel B. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes trigger lysosome-dependent cell death (pyroptosis) in macrophages but not in neutrophils. Nanotoxicology 2021; 15:1125-1150. [PMID: 34657549 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2021.1988171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been extensively investigated, and several studies have shown that multi-walled CNTs can trigger inflammation and fibrosis in animal models. However, while neutrophils are involved in inflammation, most in vitro studies have addressed macrophages. Here we explored the impact of three MWCNTs with varying morphology (i.e. long and rigid versus short and/or tangled) on primary human macrophages and macrophage-differentiated THP-1 cells versus primary human neutrophils and neutrophil-differentiated HL-60 cells. We found that long and rigid MWCNTs triggered caspase-dependent cell death in macrophages, accompanied by NLRP3 inflammasome activation and gasdermin D (GSDMD)-mediated release of pro-inflammatory IL-1β. The release of IL-1β was suppressed by disulfiram, an FDA-approved drug known to act as an inhibitor of membrane pore formation by GSDMD. Evidence of autophagic cell death was noted in macrophages exposed to higher concentrations of the long and rigid MWCNTs. Furthermore, lysosomal damage with cytosolic release of cathepsin B was observed in macrophages exposed to the latter MWCNTs. On the other hand, there was little evidence of uptake of MWCNTs in neutrophils and the cells failed to undergo MWCNT-triggered cell death. Our studies have demonstrated that long and rigid MWCNTs trigger pyroptosis in human macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Keshavan
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Govind Gupta
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sebastin Martin
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Fadeel
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Jaymand M, Davatgaran Taghipour Y, Rezaei A, Derakhshankhah H, Foad Abazari M, Samadian H, Hamblin MR. Radiolabeled carbon-based nanostructures: New radiopharmaceuticals for cancer therapy? Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Scala G, Delaval MN, Mukherjee SP, Federico A, Khaliullin TO, Yanamala N, Fatkhutdinova LM, Kisin ER, Greco D, Fadeel B, Shvedova AA. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes elicit concordant changes in DNA methylation and gene expression following long-term pulmonary exposure in mice. CARBON 2021; 178:563-572. [PMID: 37206955 PMCID: PMC10193301 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2021.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary exposure to multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) causes inflammation and fibrosis. Our previous work has shown that industrially produced MWCNTs trigger specific changes in gene expression in the lungs of exposed animals. To elucidate whether epigenetic effects play a role for these gene expression changes, we performed whole genome bisulphite sequencing to assess DNA methylation patterns in the lungs 56 days after exposure to MWCNTs. Lung tissues were also evaluated with respect to histopathological changes and cytokine profiling of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was conducted using a multi-plex array. Integrated analysis of transcriptomics data and DNA methylation data revealed concordant changes in gene expression. Functional analysis showed that the muscle contraction, immune system/inflammation, and extracellular matrix pathways were the most affected pathways. Taken together, the present study revealed that MWCNTs exert epigenetic effects in the lungs of exposed animals, potentially driving the subsequent gene expression changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Scala
- Department of Biology, University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Mathilde N. Delaval
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sourav P. Mukherjee
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonio Federico
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Naveena Yanamala
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Liliya M. Fatkhutdinova
- Department of Hygiene and Occupational Medicine, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Elena R. Kisin
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Dario Greco
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Corresponding author. (D. Greco)
| | - Bengt Fadeel
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Corresponding author. (B. Fadeel)
| | - Anna A. Shvedova
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Corresponding author. Health Effects Laboratory Division, NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV, USA. (A.A. Shvedova)
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11
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Chen Z, Han S, Zhang J, Zheng P, Liu X, Zhang Y, Jia G. Metabolomics screening of serum biomarkers for occupational exposure of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Nanotoxicology 2021; 15:832-849. [PMID: 33961536 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2021.1921872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although nanotoxicology studies have shown that respiratory exposure of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) could induce adverse health effects, limited biomarkers associated with occupational exposure of TiO2 NPs were reported. The purpose of this study is to screen serum biomarkers among workers occupationally exposed to TiO2 NPs using metabolomics. Compared with the control group, a total of 296 serum metabolites were differentially expressed in the TiO2 NPs-exposed group, of which the relative expression of 265 metabolites increased, and the remaining 31 decreased. Three machine learning methods including random forest (RF), support vector machines (SVM), and boruta screened eight potential biomarkers and simultaneously selected a metabolite, Liquoric acid. Through multiple linear regression analysis to adjust the influence of confounding factors such as gender, age, BMI, smoking and drinking, occupational exposure to TiO2 NPs was significantly related to the relative expression of the eight potential biomarkers. Meanwhile, the receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCs) of these potential biomarkers had good sensitivity and specificity. These potential biomarkers were related to lipid peroxidation, and had biological basis for occupational exposure to TiO2 NPs. Therefore, it was demonstrated that the serum metabolites represented by Liquoric acid were good biomarkers of occupational exposure to TiO2 NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangjian Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Han
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahe Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Pai Zheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Beijing Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Jia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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12
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Chen Z, Han S, Zhang J, Zheng P, Liu X, Zhang Y, Jia G. Exploring urine biomarkers of early health effects for occupational exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles using metabolomics. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:4122-4132. [PMID: 33570056 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08792k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Many experimental studies have demonstrated that titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) could induce adverse health effects in vivo and in vitro. But epidemiological evidence and biomarkers related to early health effects are still lacking. This study aimed to explore biomarkers in the urine samples of workers occupationally exposed to a relatively low concentration of TiO2 NPs. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jinan, China, involving 132 employees of a TiO2 NP manufacturing plant, among which the exposed group and control group were 1 : 1 matched by confounding factors such as gender, age, BMI, smoking and drinking. Untargeted metabolomics was performed in urine samples using high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) technology. The differential metabolites between the TiO2 NP exposed group and the control group were analyzed and then screened for potential biomarkers using bioinformatics methods. Metabolomics found a total of 1760 differentially expressed metabolites in the TiO2 NP exposed group, of which 60 differential metabolites were simultaneously confirmed by one-dimensional and multi-dimensional statistical analysis. Among these 60 differential metabolites, the relative expression of 27 metabolites increased, and the remaining 33 decreased. Pathway enrichment analysis further found that the metabolic pathway of long chain acyl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency (Lcad) was significantly enriched. Ten differential metabolites were selected as potential biomarkers of occupational exposure to TiO2 NPs using machine learning methods, including dibenzyl ether, quassimarin, tryptophan, etc. The receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCs) of these potential biomarkers showed good sensitivity and specificity. These potential biomarkers also had biological basis for occupational exposure to TiO2 NPs. Therefore, urine metabolites represented by dibenzyl ether are considered as good biomarkers of early health effects for occupational exposure to TiO2 NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangjian Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuo Han
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiahe Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pai Zheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Beijing Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, No. 50 Yikesong Xiangshan, Haidian District, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, No. 50 Yikesong Xiangshan, Haidian District, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Jia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Ghafari J, Moghadasi N, Shekaftik SO. Oxidative stress induced by occupational exposure to nanomaterials: a systematic review. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2020; 58:492-502. [PMID: 32713896 PMCID: PMC7708742 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2020-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The rapid growth of nanotechnology has increased the occupational exposure to nanomaterials. On the other hand, a growing body of evidence considers exposure to these materials to be hazardous. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the effects of occupational exposure to these materials by different methods. Biological monitoring, especially the investigation of oxidative stress induced by exposure to nanomaterials, can provide useful information for researchers. This study systematically reviews studies that have investigated oxidative stress caused by occupational exposure to nanomaterials. The search was conducted on the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases. Of the 266 studies we obtained in our initial search, eventually 11 were included in our study. There is currently no specific biomarker for investigating oxidative stress induced by exposure to nanomaterials. Therefore, the reviewed studies have used different biomarkers in different biological fluids for this purpose. Also, the methods of assessing occupational exposure to nanomaterials in the investigated studies were very diverse. Given the approach of the investigated studies to biomarkers and exposure assessment methods, finding a specific biomarker for investigating exposure to nanomaterials seems unattainable. But reaching a group of biomarkers, to assess exposure to nanomaterials seems more applicable and achievable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Ghafari
- School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Nargess Moghadasi
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Soqrat Omari Shekaftik
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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14
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Szymański T, Mieloch AA, Richter M, Trzeciak T, Florek E, Rybka JD, Giersig M. Utilization of Carbon Nanotubes in Manufacturing of 3D Cartilage and Bone Scaffolds. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E4039. [PMID: 32933020 PMCID: PMC7560098 DOI: 10.3390/ma13184039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage and bone injuries are prevalent ailments, affecting the quality of life of injured patients. Current methods of treatment are often imperfect and pose the risk of complications in the long term. Therefore, tissue engineering is a rapidly developing branch of science, which aims at discovering effective ways of replacing or repairing damaged tissues with the use of scaffolds. However, both cartilage and bone owe their exceptional mechanical properties to their complex ultrastructure, which is very difficult to reproduce artificially. To address this issue, nanotechnology was employed. One of the most promising nanomaterials in this respect is carbon nanotubes, due to their exceptional physico-chemical properties, which are similar to collagens-the main component of the extracellular matrix of these tissues. This review covers the important aspects of 3D scaffold development and sums up the existing research tackling the challenges of scaffold design. Moreover, carbon nanotubes-reinforced bone and cartilage scaffolds manufactured using the 3D bioprinting technique will be discussed as a novel tool that could facilitate the achievement of more biomimetic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Szymański
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10 Street, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (T.S.); (A.A.M.); (M.R.); (M.G.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 Street, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Adam Aron Mieloch
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10 Street, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (T.S.); (A.A.M.); (M.R.); (M.G.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 Street, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Magdalena Richter
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10 Street, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (T.S.); (A.A.M.); (M.R.); (M.G.)
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 28 czerwca 1956r. Street No. 135/147, 61-545 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Trzeciak
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 28 czerwca 1956r. Street No. 135/147, 61-545 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Ewa Florek
- Laboratory of Environmental Research, Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30, 60-631 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Jakub Dalibor Rybka
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10 Street, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (T.S.); (A.A.M.); (M.R.); (M.G.)
| | - Michael Giersig
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10 Street, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (T.S.); (A.A.M.); (M.R.); (M.G.)
- Department of Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Freie Universität, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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15
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Kondej D, Sosnowski TR. Interfacial rheology for the assessment of potential health effects of inhaled carbon nanomaterials at variable breathing conditions. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14044. [PMID: 32820205 PMCID: PMC7441146 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70909-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung surface is the first line of contact between inhaled carbon nanomaterials, CNMs, and the organism, so this is the place where pulmonary health effects begin. The paper analyzes the influence of several CNMs (single- and multi-walled nanotubes with various surface area: 90-1,280 m2/g and aspect ratio: 8-3,750) on the surface-active properties of the lung surfactant, LS, model (Survanta). Effects of CNM concentration (0.1-1 mg/ml) and surface oscillation rate were determined using the oscillating drop method at simulated breathing conditions (2-10 s per cycle, 37 °C). Based on the values of apparent elasticity and viscosity of the interfacial region, new parameters: Sε and Sμ were proposed to evaluate potential effect of particles on the LS at various breathing rates. Some of tested CNMs (e.g., COOH- functionalized short nanotubes) significantly influenced the surfactant dynamics, while the other had weaker effects even at high particle concentration. Analysis of changes in Sε and Sμ provides a new way to evaluate of a possible disturbance of the basic functions of LS. The results show that the expected pulmonary effects caused by inhaled CNMs at variable breathing rate depend not only on particle concentration (inhaled dose) but also on their size, structure and surface properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Kondej
- Central Institute for Labour Protection - National Research Institute, Czerniakowska 16, 00-701, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz R Sosnowski
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645, Warsaw, Poland.
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16
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Fan J, Chen Y, Yang D, Shen J, Guo X. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes induce IL-1β secretion by activating hemichannels-mediated ATP release in THP-1 macrophages. Nanotoxicology 2020; 14:929-946. [PMID: 32538272 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2020.1777476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are known to induce pulmonary inflammatory effects through stimulating pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion from alveolar macrophages. Despite extensive studies on MWCNTs' pro-inflammatory reactivity, the understanding of molecular mechanisms involved is still incomplete. In this study, we investigated hemichannel's involvement in MWCNTs-induced macrophage IL-1β release. Our results showed that the unmodified and COOH MWCNTs could induce ATP release and ATP-P2X7R axis-dependent IL-1β secretion from THP-1 macrophages. By using various inhibitors, we confirmed that the MWCNTs-induced ATP release was primarily through hemichannels. EtBr dye uptake assay detected significant hemichannels opening in MWCNTs exposed THP-1 macrophages. Inhibition of hemichannels by CBX, 43Gap27, or 10Panx1 pretreatment results in decreased ATP and IL-1β release. The addition of ATP restored the reduced IL-1β secretion level from hemichannel inhibition. We also confirmed with five other types of MWCNTs that the induction of hemichannels by MWCNTs strongly correlates with their capacity to induce IL-1β secretion. Taken together, we conclude that hemichannels-mediated ATP release and subsequent NLRP3 inflammasome activation through P2X7R may be one mechanism by which MWCNTs induce macrophage IL-1β secretion. Our findings may provide a novel molecular mechanism for MWCNTs induced IL-1β secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingpu Fan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yiyong Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Di Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xinbiao Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
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17
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Rodrigues AF, Newman L, Jasim D, Mukherjee SP, Wang J, Vacchi IA, Ménard‐Moyon C, Bianco A, Fadeel B, Kostarelos K, Bussy C. Size-Dependent Pulmonary Impact of Thin Graphene Oxide Sheets in Mice: Toward Safe-by-Design. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1903200. [PMID: 32596109 PMCID: PMC7312279 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201903200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Safety assessment of graphene-based materials (GBMs) including graphene oxide (GO) is essential for their safe use across many sectors of society. In particular, the link between specific material properties and biological effects needs to be further elucidated. Here, the effects of lateral dimensions of GO sheets in acute and chronic pulmonary responses after single intranasal instillation in mice are compared. Micrometer-sized GO induces stronger pulmonary inflammation than nanometer-sized GO, despite reduced translocation to the lungs. Genome-wide RNA sequencing also reveals distinct size-dependent effects of GO, in agreement with the histopathological results. Although large GO, but not the smallest GO, triggers the formation of granulomas that persists for up to 90 days, no pulmonary fibrosis is observed. These latter results can be partly explained by Raman imaging, which evidences the progressive biotransformation of GO into less graphitic structures. The findings demonstrate that lateral dimensions play a fundamental role in the pulmonary response to GO, and suggest that airborne exposure to micrometer-sized GO should be avoided in the production plant or applications, where aerosolized dispersions are likely to occur. These results are important toward the implementation of a safer-by-design approach for GBM products and applications, for the benefit of workers and end-users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Filipe Rodrigues
- Nanomedicine LabFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterM13 9PTUK
- National Graphene InstituteUniversity of ManchesterManchesterM13 9PTUK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and InflammationSchool of Health SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterM13 9PTUK
| | - Leon Newman
- Nanomedicine LabFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterM13 9PTUK
- National Graphene InstituteUniversity of ManchesterManchesterM13 9PTUK
| | - Dhifaf Jasim
- Nanomedicine LabFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterM13 9PTUK
- National Graphene InstituteUniversity of ManchesterManchesterM13 9PTUK
| | - Sourav P. Mukherjee
- Nanosafety & Nanomedicine LaboratoryInstitute of Environmental MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholm171 77Sweden
| | - Jun Wang
- Science for Life LaboratoryDepartment of Biochemistry and BiophysicsStockholm UniversityStockholm171 65Sweden
| | - Isabella A. Vacchi
- University of StrasbourgCNRSImmunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic ChemistryUPR 3572Strasbourg67 084France
| | - Cécilia Ménard‐Moyon
- University of StrasbourgCNRSImmunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic ChemistryUPR 3572Strasbourg67 084France
| | - Alberto Bianco
- University of StrasbourgCNRSImmunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic ChemistryUPR 3572Strasbourg67 084France
| | - Bengt Fadeel
- Nanosafety & Nanomedicine LaboratoryInstitute of Environmental MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholm171 77Sweden
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Nanomedicine LabFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterM13 9PTUK
- National Graphene InstituteUniversity of ManchesterManchesterM13 9PTUK
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2)Campus UABBellaterraBarcelona08193Spain
| | - Cyrill Bussy
- Nanomedicine LabFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterM13 9PTUK
- National Graphene InstituteUniversity of ManchesterManchesterM13 9PTUK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and InflammationSchool of Health SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterM13 9PTUK
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18
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Holian A, Hamilton RF, Wu Z, Deb S, Trout KL, Wang Z, Bhargava R, Mitra S. Lung deposition patterns of MWCNT vary with degree of carboxylation. Nanotoxicology 2020; 13:143-159. [PMID: 31111787 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1530392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) is known to affect the biological response (e.g. toxicity, inflammation) in vitro and in vivo. However, the reasons for these changes in vivo are not well described. This study examined the degree of MWCNT functionalization with regard to in vivo mouse lung distribution, particle retention, and resulting pathology. A commercially available MWCNT (source MWCNT) was functionalized (f-MWCNT) by systematically varying the degree of carboxylation on the particle's surface. Following a pilot study using seven variants, two f-MWCNT variants were chosen and for lung pathology and particle distribution using oropharyngeal aspiration administration of MWCNT in Balb/c mice. Particle distribution in the lung was examined at 7 and 28 days post-instillation by bright-field microscopy, CytoViva hyperspectral dark-field imaging, and Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) microscopy. Examination of the lung tissue by bright-field microscopy showed some acute inflammation for all MWCNT that was highest with source MWCNT. Hyperspectral imaging and SRS were employed to assess the changes in particle deposition and retention. Highly functionalized MWCNT had a higher lung burden and were more disperse. They also appeared to be associated more with epithelial cells compared to the source and less functionalized MWCNT that were mostly interacting with alveolar macrophages (AM). These results showing a slightly reduced pathology despite the extended deposition have implications for the engineering of safer MWCNT and may establish a practical use as a targeted delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrij Holian
- a Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences , University of Montana , Missoula , MT , USA
| | - Raymond F Hamilton
- a Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences , University of Montana , Missoula , MT , USA
| | - Zhequion Wu
- b Beckman Institute University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , IL , USA
| | - Sanghamitra Deb
- c Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science , New Jersey Institute of Technology , Newark , NJ , USA
| | - Kevin L Trout
- a Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences , University of Montana , Missoula , MT , USA
| | - Zhiqian Wang
- b Beckman Institute University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , IL , USA
| | - Rohit Bhargava
- c Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science , New Jersey Institute of Technology , Newark , NJ , USA
| | - Somenath Mitra
- b Beckman Institute University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , IL , USA
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19
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Khaliullin TO, Yanamala N, Newman MS, Kisin ER, Fatkhutdinova LM, Shvedova AA. Comparative analysis of lung and blood transcriptomes in mice exposed to multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 390:114898. [PMID: 31978390 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.114898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary exposure to multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) causes inflammation, fibroproliferation, immunotoxicity, and systemic responses in rodents. However, the search for representative biomarkers of exposure is an ongoing endeavor. Whole blood gene expression profiling is a promising new approach for the identification of novel disease biomarkers. We asked if the whole blood transcriptome reflects pathology-specific changes in lung gene expression caused by MWCNT. To answer this question, we performed mRNA sequencing analysis of the whole blood and lung in mice administered MWCNT or vehicle solution via pharyngeal aspiration and sacrificed 56 days later. The pattern of lung mRNA expression as determined using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was indicative of continued inflammation, immune cell trafficking, phagocytosis, and adaptive immune responses. Simultaneously, innate immunity-related transcripts (Plunc, Bpifb1, Reg3g) and cancer-related pathways were downregulated. IPA analysis of the differentially expressed genes in the whole blood suggested increased hematopoiesis, predicted activation of cancer/tumor development pathways, and atopy. There were several common upregulated genes between whole blood and lungs, important for adaptive immune responses: Cxcr1, Cd72, Sharpin, and Slc11a1. Trim24, important for TH2 cell effector function, was downregulated in both datasets. Hla-dqa1 mRNA was upregulated in the lungs and downregulated in the blood, as was Lilrb4, which controls the reactivity of immune response. "Cancer" disease category had opposing activation status in the two datasets, while the only commonality was "Hypersensitivity". Transcriptome changes occurring in the lungs did not produce a completely replicable pattern in whole blood; however, specific systemic responses may be shared between transcriptomic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur O Khaliullin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; Health Effects Laboratory Division, NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV, USA.
| | - Naveena Yanamala
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV, USA.
| | - Mackenzie S Newman
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
| | - Elena R Kisin
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV, USA.
| | - Liliya M Fatkhutdinova
- Department of Hygiene and Occupational Medicine, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Anna A Shvedova
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; Health Effects Laboratory Division, NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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20
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Chatterjee N, Choi J. Endoplasmic reticulum stress mediated apoptosis via JNK in MWCNT-exposed in vitro systems: size, surface functionalization and cell type specificity. J Toxicol Sci 2020; 45:305-317. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.45.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jinhee Choi
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Korea
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21
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Samadian H, Salami MS, Jaymand M, Azarnezhad A, Najafi M, Barabadi H, Ahmadi A. Genotoxicity assessment of carbon-based nanomaterials; Have their unique physicochemical properties made them double-edged swords? MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 783:108296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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22
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Cui X, Wan B, Yang Y, Xin Y, Xie YC, Guo LH, Mantell LL. Carbon Nanomaterials Stimulate HMGB1 Release From Macrophages and Induce Cell Migration and Invasion. Toxicol Sci 2019; 172:398-410. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) are widely used in industrial and medical sectors. The increasing exposure of CNMs necessitates the studies of their potential environmental and health effects. High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear DNA-binding protein, but when released from cells, may cause sustained inflammatory response and promote cell migration and invasion. In this work, we found that 7-day exposure of 2.5 mg/kg/day CNMs, including C60, single-walled carbon nanotubes, and graphene oxides significantly elevated the level of HMGB1 in blood and lung lavage fluids in C57BL/6 mice. Subsequently, cellular effects and underlying mechanism were explored by using Raw264.7. The results showed that noncytotoxic CNMs enhanced HMGB1 intracellular translocation and release via activating P2X7 receptor. Released HMGB1 further activated receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) and downstream signaling pathway by upregulating RAGE and Rac1 expression. Simultaneously, CNMs prepared the cells for migration and invasion by modulating MMP2 and TIMP2 gene expression as well as cytoskeleton reorganization. Intriguingly, released HMGB1 from macrophages promoted the migration of nearby lung cancer cell, which can be efficiently inhibited by neutralizing antibodies against HMGB1 and RAGE. Taken together, our work demonstrated that CNMs stimulated HMGB1 release and cell migration/invasion through P2X7R-HMGB1-RAGE pathway. The revealed mechanisms might facilitate a better understanding on the inflammatory property and subsequent cell functional alteration of CNMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bin Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yan Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi-Chun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liang-Hong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lin L Mantell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University College of Pharmacy, Queens, NY 11439
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23
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Sobajima A, Haniu H, Nomura H, Tanaka M, Takizawa T, Kamanaka T, Aoki K, Okamoto M, Yoshida K, Sasaki J, Ajima K, Kuroda C, Ishida H, Okano S, Ueda K, Kato H, Saito N. Organ accumulation and carcinogenicity of highly dispersed multi-walled carbon nanotubes administered intravenously in transgenic rasH2 mice. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:6465-6480. [PMID: 31616140 PMCID: PMC6698589 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s208129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been known to enter the circulatory system via the lungs from inhalation exposure; however, its carcinogenicity and subsequent accumulation in other organs have not been adequately reported in the literature. Moreover, the safety of MWCNTs as a biomaterial has remained a matter of debate, particularly when the material enters the circulatory system. To address these problems, we used carcinogenic rasH2 transgenic mice to intravenously administer highly dispersed MWCNTs and to evaluate their carcinogenicity and accumulation in the organs. Methods Two types of MWCNTs (thin- and thick-MWCNTs) were intravenously administered at a high dose (approximately 0.7 mg per kg body weight) and low dose (approximately 0.07 mg per kg body weight). Results MWCNTs showed pancreatic accumulation in 3.2% of mice administered with MWCNTs, but there was no accumulation in other organs. In addition, there was no significant difference in the incidence of tumor among the four MWCNTs-administered groups compared to the vehicle group without MWCNTs administration. Blood tests revealed elevated levels in mean red blood cell volume and mean red blood cell hemoglobin level for the MWCNTs-administered group, in addition to an increase in eotaxin. Conclusion The present study demonstrated that the use of current technology to sufficiently disperse MWCNTs resulted in minimal organ accumulation with no evidence of carcinogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Sobajima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Hisao Haniu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan.,Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nomura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Manabu Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takashi Takizawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kamanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kaoru Aoki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan.,Department of Applied Physical Therapy, Shinshu University School of Health Sciences, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Masanori Okamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kazushige Yoshida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Jun Sasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ajima
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Chika Kuroda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan.,Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Haruka Ishida
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Satomi Okano
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Katsuya Ueda
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Naoto Saito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan.,Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
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24
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Measuring EMPs in the lung what can be measured in the lung: Asbestiform minerals and cleavage fragments. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 361:14-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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25
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Russ KA, Thompson JA, Kashon M, Porter DW, Friend SA, McKinney W, Fedan JS. Comparison of multi-wall carbon nanotube and nitrogen-doped multi-wall carbon nanotube effects on lung function and airway reactivity in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 364:153-163. [PMID: 30423287 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Incorporation of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) into materials has raised concerns about their potential hazards to manufacturing workers. In animal models, airway inflammation and lung fibrosis follow aspiration, instillation, and inhalation exposures to MWCNT. However, the effects of MWCNT on pulmonary function, airway reactivity and airway epithelium function following inhalation exposure has not been studied. We investigated whether inhaled MWCNT affects lung resistance (RL) and dynamic compliance (Cdyn), reactivity to inhaled methacholine (MCh), epithelial regulation of airway reactivity to MCh in vitro, and airway epithelial ion transport. Male rats were exposed by whole body inhalation for 6 h to air or aerosolized MWCNT (0.5, 1 or 5 mg/m3) for one or nine days. Eighteen h after 1 d exposure to 5 mg/m3 MWCNT, basal RL was increased and basal Cdyn was decreased; changes did not persist for 7 d. Reactivity to MCh (RL) was increased and Cdyn responses were decreased at 18 h, but not 7 d after exposure to 1 and 5 mg/m3 MWCNT. The effects of i.t.-instilled MWCNT and nitrogen-doped MWCNT (N-MWCNT) on pulmonary function and reactivity to MCh at doses comparable to deposition after inhalation of 5 mg/m3 at 1 d and 0.5, 1, and 5 mg/m3 MWCNT 9 d-exposures were compared. Both nanoparticles increased airway reactivity (RL); N-MWCNT did not affect Cdyn responses. Lung function and airway reactivity are altered following a single MWCNT inhalation and generally subside over time. Given i.t., MWCNT's and N-MWCNT's effects were comparable, but N-MWCNT evoke smaller changes in Cdyn responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen A Russ
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Janet A Thompson
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Michael Kashon
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Dale W Porter
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Sherri A Friend
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Walter McKinney
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Fedan
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA.
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Park EJ, Khaliullin TO, Shurin MR, Kisin ER, Yanamala N, Fadeel B, Chang J, Shvedova AA. Fibrous nanocellulose, crystalline nanocellulose, carbon nanotubes, and crocidolite asbestos elicit disparate immune responses upon pharyngeal aspiration in mice. J Immunotoxicol 2018; 15:12-23. [PMID: 29237319 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2017.1414339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of synthetic alternatives to mineral fibers, their possible effects on the environment and human health have become recognized as important issues worldwide. This study investigated effects of four fibrous materials, i.e. nanofibrillar/nanocrystalline celluloses (NCF and CNC), single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and crocidolite asbestos (ASB), on pulmonary inflammation and immune responses found in the lungs, as well as the effects on spleen and peripheral blood immune cell subsets. BALB/c mice were given NCF, CNC, CNT, and ASB on Day 1 by oropharyngeal aspiration. At 14 days post-exposure, the animals were evaluated. Total cell number, mononuclear phagocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, lymphocytes, and LDH levels were significantly increased in ASB and CNT-exposed mice. Expression of cytokines and chemokines in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was quite different in mice exposed to four particle types, as well as expression of antigen presentation-related surface proteins on BAL cells. The results revealed that pulmonary exposure to fibrous materials led to discrete local immune cell polarization patterns with a TH2-like response caused by ASB and TH1-like immune reaction to NCF, while CNT and CNC caused non-classical or non-uniform responses. These alterations in immune response following pulmonary exposure should be taken into account when testing the applicability of new nanosized materials with fibrous morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Park
- a Department of Brain Science , Ajou University School of Medicine , Suwon , Republic of Korea
| | - Timur O Khaliullin
- b Exposure Assessment Branch , NIOSH/CDC , Morgantown , WV , USA.,c Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience , West Virginia University , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Michael R Shurin
- d Department of Pathology and Immunology , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| | - Elena R Kisin
- b Exposure Assessment Branch , NIOSH/CDC , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Naveena Yanamala
- b Exposure Assessment Branch , NIOSH/CDC , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Bengt Fadeel
- e Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine , Karolinska Institute , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Jaerak Chang
- a Department of Brain Science , Ajou University School of Medicine , Suwon , Republic of Korea.,f Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Ajou University School of Medicine , Suwon , Republic of Korea
| | - Anna A Shvedova
- b Exposure Assessment Branch , NIOSH/CDC , Morgantown , WV , USA.,c Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience , West Virginia University , Morgantown , WV , USA
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27
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Tromp PC, Kuijpers E, Bekker C, Godderis L, Lan Q, Jedynska AD, Vermeulen R, Pronk A. A New Approach Combining Analytical Methods for Workplace Exposure Assessment of Inhalable Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Ann Work Expo Health 2018; 61:759-772. [PMID: 28810684 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxx053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To date there is no consensus about the most appropriate analytical method for measuring carbon nanotubes (CNTs), hampering the assessment and limiting the comparison of data. The goal of this study is to develop an approach for the assessment of the level and nature of inhalable multi-wall CNTs (MWCNTs) in an actual workplace setting by optimizing and evaluating existing analytical methods. In a company commercially producing MWCNTs, personal breathing zone samples were collected for the inhalable size fraction with IOM samplers; which were analyzed with carbon analysis, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX). Analytical methods were optimized for carbon analysis and SEM/EDX. More specifically, methods were applied and evaluated for background correction using carbon analyses and SEM/EDX, CNT structure count with SEM/EDX and subsequent mass conversion based on both carbon analyses and SEM/EDX. A moderate-to-high concordance correlation coefficient (RC) between carbon analyses and SEM/EDX was observed [RC = 0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.59-0.92] with an absolute mean difference of 59 µg m-3. A low RC between carbon analyses and ICP-MS (RC = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.07-0.67) with an absolute mean difference of 570 µg m-3 was observed. The large absolute difference between EC and metals is due to the presence of non-embedded inhalable catalyst particles, as a result of which MWCNT concentrations were overestimated. Combining carbon analysis and SEM/EDX is the most suitable for quantitative exposure assessment of MWCNTs in an actual workplace situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Tromp
- Netherlands Organization for Applied Research, TNO, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eelco Kuijpers
- Netherlands Organization for Applied Research, TNO, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,IRAS - Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Risk Assessment Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cindy Bekker
- Netherlands Organization for Applied Research, TNO, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,IRAS - Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Risk Assessment Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lode Godderis
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven - Centre for Environment and Health, Leuven, Belgium.,IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Qing Lan
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Roel Vermeulen
- IRAS - Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Risk AssessmentUtrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anjoeka Pronk
- Netherlands Organization for Applied Research, TNO, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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28
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Mohammadian Y, Rezazadeh Azari M, Peirovi H, Khodagholi F, Pourahmad J, Omidi M, Mehrabi Y, Rafieepour A. Combined toxicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and benzo [a] pyrene in human epithelial lung cells. TOXIN REV 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2018.1442348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Mohammadian
- School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansour Rezazadeh Azari
- Safety Promotion and Prevention of Injuries Research Center and School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Habibollah Peirovi
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalal Pourahmad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meisam Omidi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yadollah Mehrabi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Athena Rafieepour
- School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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29
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Pietroiusti A, Stockmann-Juvala H, Lucaroni F, Savolainen K. Nanomaterial exposure, toxicity, and impact on human health. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 10:e1513. [PMID: 29473695 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of engineered nanomaterials (ENM) has grown after the turn of the 21st century. Also, the production of ENM has globally grown, and exposure of workers especially via the lungs to ENM has increased. This review tackles with effects of ENM on workers' health because occupational environment is the main source of exposure to ENM. Assessment of exposure to ENM is demanding, and today there are no occupational exposure level (OEL) for ENM. This is partly due to challenges of such measurements, and in part to the unknown causality between ENM metrics and effects. There are also marked gaps in systematic knowledge on ENM hazards. Human health surveys of exposed workers, or human field studies have not identified specific effects of ENM linking them with a specific exposure. There is, however, a consensus that material characteristics such as size, and chemistry influence effects of ENM. Available data suggest that multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) affect the immunological system and cause inflammation of the lungs, or signs of asthma whereas carbon nanofibers (CNF) may cause interstitial fibrosis. Metallic and metal oxide nanoparticles together with MWCNT induce genotoxicity, and a given type of MWCNT has been identified as a possible human carcinogen. Currently, lack of understanding of mechanisms of effects of ENM renders assessment of hazards and risks of ENM material-by-material a necessity. The so called "omics" approaches utilizing ENM-induced alterations in gene and protein expression may be useful in the development of a new paradigm for ENM hazard and risk assessment. This article is categorized under: Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Pietroiusti
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Lucaroni
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Kai Savolainen
- Work Environment, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
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30
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Mukherjee SP, Bondarenko O, Kohonen P, Andón FT, Brzicová T, Gessner I, Mathur S, Bottini M, Calligari P, Stella L, Kisin E, Shvedova A, Autio R, Salminen-Mankonen H, Lahesmaa R, Fadeel B. Macrophage sensing of single-walled carbon nanotubes via Toll-like receptors. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1115. [PMID: 29348435 PMCID: PMC5773626 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19521-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon-based nanomaterials including carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been shown to trigger inflammation. However, how these materials are 'sensed' by immune cells is not known. Here we compared the effects of two carbon-based nanomaterials, single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) and graphene oxide (GO), on primary human monocyte-derived macrophages. Genome-wide transcriptomics assessment was performed at sub-cytotoxic doses. Pathway analysis of the microarray data revealed pronounced effects on chemokine-encoding genes in macrophages exposed to SWCNTs, but not in response to GO, and these results were validated by multiplex array-based cytokine and chemokine profiling. Conditioned medium from SWCNT-exposed cells acted as a chemoattractant for dendritic cells. Chemokine secretion was reduced upon inhibition of NF-κB, as predicted by upstream regulator analysis of the transcriptomics data, and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and their adaptor molecule, MyD88 were shown to be important for CCL5 secretion. Moreover, a specific role for TLR2/4 was confirmed by using reporter cell lines. Computational studies to elucidate how SWCNTs may interact with TLR4 in the absence of a protein corona suggested that binding is guided mainly by hydrophobic interactions. Taken together, these results imply that CNTs may be 'sensed' as pathogens by immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav P Mukherjee
- Nanosafety & Nanomedicine Laboratory, Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olesja Bondarenko
- Nanosafety & Nanomedicine Laboratory, Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.,Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, 12618, Estonia
| | - Pekka Kohonen
- Nanosafety & Nanomedicine Laboratory, Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fernando T Andón
- Nanosafety & Nanomedicine Laboratory, Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.,Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, 20089, Rozzano-Milano, Italy
| | - Táňa Brzicová
- Nanosafety & Nanomedicine Laboratory, Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Isabel Gessner
- Inorganic and Materials Chemistry, University of Cologne, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sanjay Mathur
- Inorganic and Materials Chemistry, University of Cologne, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Massimo Bottini
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00173, Italy.,Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Paolo Calligari
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Stella
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Elena Kisin
- Exposure Assessment Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Anna Shvedova
- Exposure Assessment Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA.,Department Pharmacology & Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Reija Autio
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heli Salminen-Mankonen
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, and Åbo Akademi University, 20500, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Lahesmaa
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, and Åbo Akademi University, 20500, Turku, Finland
| | - Bengt Fadeel
- Nanosafety & Nanomedicine Laboratory, Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
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31
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Chen H, Zheng X, Nicholas J, Humes ST, Loeb JC, Robinson SE, Bisesi JH, Das D, Saleh NB, Castleman WL, Lednicky JA, Sabo-Attwood T. Single-walled carbon nanotubes modulate pulmonary immune responses and increase pandemic influenza a virus titers in mice. Virol J 2017; 14:242. [PMID: 29273069 PMCID: PMC5741862 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0909-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous toxicological studies have focused on injury caused by exposure to single types of nanoparticles, but few have investigated how such exposures impact a host’s immune response to pathogen challenge. Few studies have shown that nanoparticles can alter a host’s response to pathogens (chiefly bacteria) but there is even less knowledge of the impact of such particles on viral infections. In this study, we performed experiments to investigate if exposure of mice to single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) alters immune mechanisms and viral titers following subsequent influenza A virus (IAV) infection. Methods Male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 20 μg of SWCNT or control vehicle by intratracheal instillation followed by intranasal exposure to 3.2 × 104 TCID50 IAV or PBS after 3 days. On day 7 mice were euthanized and near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging was used to track SWCNT in lung tissues. Viral titers, histopathology, and mRNA expression of antiviral and inflammatory genes were measured in lung tissue. Differential cell counts and cytokine levels were quantified in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Results Viral titers showed a 63-fold increase in IAV in SWCNT + IAV exposed lungs compared to the IAV only exposure. Quantitation of immune cells in BALF indicated an increase of neutrophils in the IAV group and a mixed profile of lymphocytes and neutrophils in SWCNT + IAV treated mice. NIRF indicated SWCNT remained in the lung throughout the experiment and localized in the junctions of terminal bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and surrounding alveoli. The dual exposure exacerbated pulmonary inflammation and tissue lesions compared to SWCNT or IAV single exposures. IAV exposure increased several cytokine and chemokine levels in BALF, but greater levels of IL-4, IL-12 (P70), IP-10, MIP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and RANTES were evident in the SWCNT + IAV group. The expression of tlr3, ifnβ1, rantes, ifit2, ifit3, and il8 was induced by IAV alone but several anti-viral targets showed a repressed trend (ifits) with pre-exposure to SWCNT. Conclusions These findings reveal a pronounced effect of SWCNT on IAV infection in vivo as evidenced by exacerbated lung injury, increased viral titers and several cytokines/chemokines levels, and reduction of anti-viral gene expression. These results imply that SWCNT can increase susceptibility to respiratory viral infections as a novel mechanism of toxicity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12985-017-0909-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 2187 Mowry Road, Box 110885, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 2187 Mowry Road, Box 110885, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Justine Nicholas
- Department of Physiological Sciences, 1333 Center Drive, Box 100144, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Sara T Humes
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 2187 Mowry Road, Box 110885, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Julia C Loeb
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 2187 Mowry Road, Box 110885, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Sarah E Robinson
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 2187 Mowry Road, Box 110885, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Joseph H Bisesi
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 2187 Mowry Road, Box 110885, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Dipesh Das
- Department of Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Navid B Saleh
- Department of Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - William L Castleman
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, PO Box 110880, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - John A Lednicky
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 2187 Mowry Road, Box 110885, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Tara Sabo-Attwood
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 2187 Mowry Road, Box 110885, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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32
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Shin US, Park JS, Oh JS, Lee EJ. Graphene-incorporated nanofibrous hybrid membrane with enhanced properties. Macromol Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-017-5151-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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33
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Starost K, Frijns E, Van Laer J, Faisal N, Egizabal A, Elizextea C, Blazquez M, Nelissen I, Njuguna J. Assessment of nanoparticles release into the environment during drilling of carbon nanotubes/epoxy and carbon nanofibres/epoxy nanocomposites. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 340:57-66. [PMID: 28711833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The risk assessment, exposure and understanding of the release of embedded carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) from commercial high performance composites during machining processes are yet to be fully evaluated and quantified. In this study, CNTs and CNFs were dispersed in epoxy matrix through calendaring process to form nanocomposites. The automated drilling was carried out in a specially designed drilling chamber that allowed elimination of background noise from the measurements. Emission measurements were taken using condensed particle counter (CPC), scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and DMS50 Fast Particulate Size Spectrometer. In comparison to the neat epoxy, the study results revealed that the nano-filled samples produced an increase of 102% and 227% for the EP/CNF and EP/CNT sample respectively in average particle number concentration emission. The particle mass concentration indicated that the EP/CNT and EP/CNF samples released demands a vital new perspective on CNTs and CNFs embedded within nanocomposite materials to be considered and evaluated for occupational exposure assessment. Importantly, the increased concentration observed at 10nm aerosol particle sizes measurements strongly suggest that there are independent CNTs being released at this range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristof Starost
- Centre for Advanced Engineering Materials, School of Engineering, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Nadimul Faisal
- Centre for Advanced Engineering Materials, School of Engineering, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Maria Blazquez
- INKOA SISTEMAS, SL. Ribera de Axpe 11, Edificio D1, Dpto 208. 48950, Erandio, Bizkaia Spain
| | | | - James Njuguna
- Centre for Advanced Engineering Materials, School of Engineering, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, United Kingdom.
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Xu Y, Luo Z, Li S, Li W, Zhang X, Zuo YY, Huang F, Yue T. Perturbation of the pulmonary surfactant monolayer by single-walled carbon nanotubes: a molecular dynamics study. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:10193-10204. [PMID: 28485435 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr00890b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are at present synthesized on a large scale with a variety of applications. The increasing likelihood of exposure to SWCNTs, however, puts human health at a high risk. As the front line of the innate host defense system, the pulmonary surfactant monolayer (PSM) at the air-water interface of the lungs interacts with the inhaled SWCNTs, which in turn inevitably perturb the ultrastructure of the PSM and affect its biophysical functions. Here, using molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate how the diameter and length of SWCNTs critically regulate their interactions with the PSM. Compared to their diameters, the inhalation toxicity of SWCNTs was found to be largely affected by their lengths. Short SWCNTs with lengths comparable to the monolayer thickness are found to vertically insert into the PSM with no indication of translocation, possibly leading to accumulation of SWCNTs in the PSM with prolonged retention and increased inflammation potentials. The perturbation also comes from the forming water pores across the PSM. Longer SWCNTs are found to horizontally insert into the PSM during inspiration, and they can be wrapped by the PSM during deep expiration via a tube diameter-dependent self-rotation. The potential toxicity of longer SWCNTs comes from severe lipid depletion and the PSM-rigidifying effect. Our findings could help reveal the inhalation toxicity of SWCNTs, and pave the way for the safe use of SWCNTs as vehicles for pulmonary drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China.
| | - Zhen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China.
| | - Shixin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China.
| | - Weiguo Li
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Xianren Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yi Y Zuo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Monoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - Fang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China.
| | - Tongtao Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China.
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Zhou L, Forman HJ, Ge Y, Lunec J. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes: A cytotoxicity study in relation to functionalization, dose and dispersion. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 42:292-298. [PMID: 28483489 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemical functionalization broadens carbon nanotube (CNT) applications, conferring new functions, but at the same time potentially altering toxicity. Although considerable experimental data related to CNT toxicity, at the molecular and cellular levels, have been reported, there is very limited information available for the corresponding mechanism involved (e.g. cell apoptosis and genotoxicity). The threshold dose for safe medical application in relation to both pristine and functionalized carbon nanotubes remains ambiguous. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro cytotoxicity of pristine and functionalized (OH, COOH) multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for cell viability, oxidant detection, apoptosis and DNA mutations, to determine the non-toxic dose and influence of functional group in a human lung-cancer cell line exposed to 1-1000μg/ml MWCNTs for 24, 48 and 72h. The findings suggest that pristine MWCNTs induced more cell death than functionalized MWCNTs while functionalized MWCNTs are more genotoxic compared to their pristine form. The level of both dose and dispersion in the matrix used should be taken into consideration before applying further clinical applications of MWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Zhou
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0091, USA.
| | - Henry Jay Forman
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0091, USA
| | - Yi Ge
- School of Pharmacy, CMU & Queen's Joint College, Queen's University, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Joseph Lunec
- Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
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Mittal S, Sharma PK, Tiwari R, Rayavarapu RG, Shankar J, Chauhan LKS, Pandey AK. Impaired lysosomal activity mediated autophagic flux disruption by graphite carbon nanofibers induce apoptosis in human lung epithelial cells through oxidative stress and energetic impairment. Part Fibre Toxicol 2017; 14:15. [PMID: 28454554 PMCID: PMC5408471 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-017-0194-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Graphite carbon nanofibers (GCNF) have emerged as a potential alternative of carbon nanotubes (CNT) for various biomedical applications due to their superior physico-chemical properties. Therefore in-depth understanding of the GCNF induced toxic effects and underlying mechanisms in biological systems is of great interest. Currently, autophagy activation by nanomaterials is recognized as an emerging toxicity mechanism. However, the association of GCNF induced toxicity with this form of cell death is largely unknown. In this study, we have assessed the possible mechanism; especially the role of autophagy, underlying the GCNF induced toxicity. Methods Human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cells were exposed to a range of GCNF concentrations and various cellular parameters were analyzed (up to 48 h). Transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescent staining, western blot and quantitative real time PCR were performed to detect apoptosis, autophagy induction, lysosomal destabilization and cytoskeleton disruption in GCNF exposed cells. DCFDA assay was used to evaluate the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Experiments with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and LC3 siRNA was carried out to confirm the involvement of oxidative stress and autophagy in GCNF induced cell death. Comet assay and micronucleus (MN) assay was performed to assess the genotoxicity potential. Results In the present study, GCNF was found to induce nanotoxicity in human lung cells through autophagosomes accumulation followed by apoptosis via intracellular ROS generation. Mechanistically, impaired lysosomal function and cytoskeleton disruption mediated autophagic flux blockade was found to be the major cause of accumulation rather than autophagy induction which further activates apoptosis. The whole process was in line with the increased ROS level and their pharmacological inhibition leads to mitigation of GCNF induced cell death. Moreover the inhibition of autophagy attenuates apoptosis indicating the role of autophagy as cell death process. GCNF was also found to induce genomic instability. Conclusion Our present study demonstrates that GCNF perturbs various interrelated signaling pathway and unveils the potential nanotoxicity mechanism of GCNF through targeting ROS-autophagy-apoptosis axis. The current study is significant to evaluate the safety and risk assessment of fibrous carbon nanomaterials prior to their potential use and suggests caution on their utilization for biomedical research. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12989-017-0194-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Mittal
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India.,Nanomaterials Toxicology Laboratory, Nanotherapeutics and Nanomaterial Toxicology Group, CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR - IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Sharma
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR - IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ratnakar Tiwari
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR - IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Raja Gopal Rayavarapu
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India.,Nanomaterials Toxicology Laboratory, Nanotherapeutics and Nanomaterial Toxicology Group, CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR - IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jai Shankar
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR - IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Lalit Kumar Singh Chauhan
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR - IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alok Kumar Pandey
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India. .,Nanomaterials Toxicology Laboratory, Nanotherapeutics and Nanomaterial Toxicology Group, CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR - IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Cai X, Lee A, Ji Z, Huang C, Chang CH, Wang X, Liao YP, Xia T, Li R. Reduction of pulmonary toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles by phosphonate-based surface passivation. Part Fibre Toxicol 2017; 14:13. [PMID: 28431555 PMCID: PMC5399805 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-017-0193-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The wide application of engineered nanoparticles has induced increasing exposure to humans and environment, which led to substantial concerns on their biosafety. Some metal oxides (MOx) have shown severe toxicity in cells and animals, thus safe designs of MOx with reduced hazard potential are desired. Currently, there is a lack of a simple yet effective safe design approach for the toxic MOx. In this study, we determined the key physicochemical properties of MOx that lead to cytotoxicity and explored a safe design approach for toxic MOx by modifying their hazard properties. Results THP-1 and BEAS-2B cells were exposed to 0–200 μg/mL MOx for 24 h, we found some toxic MOx including CoO, CuO, Ni2O3 and Co3O4, could induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and cell death due to the toxic ion shedding and/or oxidative stress generation from the active surface of MOx internalized into lysosomes. We thus hypothesized that surface passivation could reduce or eliminate the toxicity of MOx. We experimented with a series of surface coating molecules and discovered that ethylenediamine tetra (methylene phosphonic acid) (EDTMP) could form stable hexadentate coordination with MOx. The coating layer can effectively reduce the surface activity of MOx with 85-99% decrease of oxidative potential, and 65-98% decrease of ion shedding. The EDTMP coated MOx show negligible ROS generation and cell death in THP-1 and BEAS-2B cells. The protective effect of EDTMP coating was further validated in mouse lungs exposed to 2 mg/kg MOx by oropharyngeal aspiration. After 40 h exposure, EDTMP coated MOx show significant decreases of neutrophil counts, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, MCP-1, LIX and IL-6 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), compared to uncoated particles. The haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining results of lung tissue also show EDTMP coating could significantly reduce the pulmonary inflammation of MOx. Conclusions The surface reactivity of MOx including ion shedding and oxidative potential is the dominated physicochemical property that is responsible for the cytotoxicity induced by MOx. EDTMP coating could passivate the surface of MOx, reduce their cytotoxicity and pulmonary hazard effects. This coating would be an effective safe design approach for a broad spectrum of toxic MOx, which will facilitate the safe use of MOx in commercial nanoproducts. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12989-017-0193-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Cai
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Anson Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Zhaoxia Ji
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Cynthia Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Chong Hyun Chang
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Xiang Wang
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Yu-Pei Liao
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Tian Xia
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA. .,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA.
| | - Ruibin Li
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Ma J, Li R, Liu Y, Qu G, Liu J, Guo W, Song H, Li X, Liu Y, Xia T, Yan B, Liu S. Carbon Nanotubes Disrupt Iron Homeostasis and Induce Anemia of Inflammation through Inflammatory Pathway as a Secondary Effect Distant to Their Portal-of-Entry. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1603830. [PMID: 28195425 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201603830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Although numerous toxicological studies have been performed on carbon nanotubes (CNTs), a few studies have investigated their secondary and indirect effects beyond the primary target tissues/organs. Here, a cascade of events are investigated: the initiating event and the subsequent key events necessary for the development of phenotypes, namely CNT-induced pro-inflammatory effects on iron homeostasis and red blood cell formation, which are linked to anemia of inflammation (AI). A panel of CNTs are prepared including pristine multiwall CNTs (P-MWCNTs), aminated MWCNTs (MWCNTs-NH2 ), polyethylene glycol MWCNTs (MWCNTs-PEG), polyethyleneimine MWCNTs (MWCNTs-PEI), and carboxylated MWCNTs (MWCNTs-COOH). It has been demonstrated that all CNT materials provoke inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) production and stimulate hepcidin induction, associated with disordered iron homeostasis, irrespective of exposure routes including intratracheal, intravenous, and intraperitoneal administration. Meanwhile, PEG and COOH modifications can ameliorate the activation of IL-6-hepcidin signaling. Long-term exposure of MWCNTs results in AI and extramedullary erythropoiesis. Thus, an adverse outcome pathway is identified: MWCNT exposure leads to inflammation, hepatic hepcidin induction, and disordered iron metabolism. Together, the combined data depict the hazardous secondary toxicity of CNTs in incurring anemia through inflammatory pathway. This study will also open a new avenue for future investigations on CNT-induced indirect and secondary adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Ruibin Li
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Guangbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Wenli Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Haoyang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Xinghong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yajun Liu
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Tian Xia
- Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Bing Yan
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
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Ema M, Gamo M, Honda K. A review of toxicity studies on graphene-based nanomaterials in laboratory animals. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 85:7-24. [PMID: 28161457 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We summarized the findings of toxicity studies on graphene-based nanomaterials (GNMs) in laboratory mammals. The inhalation of graphene (GP) and graphene oxide (GO) induced only minimal pulmonary toxicity. Bolus airway exposure to GP and GO caused acute and subacute pulmonary inflammation. Large-sized GO (L-GO) was more toxic than small-sized GO (S-GO). Intratracheally administered GP passed through the air-blood barrier into the blood and intravenous GO distributed mainly in the lungs, liver, and spleen. S-GO and L-GO mainly accumulated in the liver and lungs, respectively. Limited information showed the potential behavioral, reproductive, and developmental toxicity and genotoxicity of GNMs. There are indications that oxidative stress and inflammation may be involved in the toxicity of GNMs. The surface reactivity, size, and dispersion status of GNMs play an important role in the induction of toxicity and biodistribution of GNMs. Although this review paper provides initial information on the potential toxicity of GNMs, data are still very limited, especially when taking into account the many different types of GNMs and their potential modifications. To fill the data gap, further studies should be performed using laboratory mammals exposed using the route and dose anticipated for human exposure scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ema
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) and Technology Research Association for Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (TASC), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan.
| | - Masashi Gamo
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) and Technology Research Association for Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (TASC), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Honda
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) and Technology Research Association for Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (TASC), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
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40
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Pacurari M, May I, Tchounwou PB. Effects of lipopolysaccharide, multiwalled carbon nantoubes, and the combination on lung alveolar epithelial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:445-455. [PMID: 26880698 PMCID: PMC4987265 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) have been shown to induce lung fibrosis in animal models, however the underlying molecular factors/mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), MWCNT, and the combination of LPS and MWCNT on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-9, MMP-12), collagen 3A1 (Col3A1), and transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) in alveolar epithelial A549 cells. MMPs are proteinases that degrade extracellular matrix and play a role in lung fibrosis. A549 cells were exposed to LPS (1 ng/mL), MWCNT (20 μg/mL), and the combination and analyzed for paracellular permeability, TGFβ, Col3A1, MMP-9, MMP-12, NF-κB activation, and cell migration by real-time PCR and immunofluorescence. LPS, the combination of LPS and MWCNT, and MWCNT only at the highest tested dose induced blue dextran extravasation. LPS and MWCNT increased the expression of TGFβ and its downstream target gene Col3A, and MMP-9 and MMP-12 mRNA. MWCNT potently induced cell migration toward wound healing, whereas LPS slightly induced cell migration. Both, LPS and MWCNT, induced NF-κB nuclear translocation. Our results indicate that MWCNT activated alveolar epithelial cells to promote fibrogenesis, and that LPS differentially primes molecular factors involved in lung remodeling. These findings suggest a role of alveolar epithelial cells in fibrogenesis and also may aid in the design and development of tests for screening of fibrogenic agents. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 445-455, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pacurari
- Biology Department, College of Engineering, Science, and Technology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39217
- NIH RCMI-Center for Environmental Health, College of Engineering, Science, and Technology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39217
- Correspondence to: Maricica Pacurari, PhD;
| | - I May
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216
| | - PB Tchounwou
- Biology Department, College of Engineering, Science, and Technology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39217
- NIH RCMI-Center for Environmental Health, College of Engineering, Science, and Technology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39217
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Chen Y, Xu M, Zhang J, Ma J, Gao M, Zhang Z, Xu Y, Liu S. Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Variations upon Exposure to Engineered Nanomaterials and Their Implications in Nanosafety Assessment. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1604580. [PMID: 27918113 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201604580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sublethal exposure of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) induces the alteration of various cellular processes due to DNA methylation changes. DNA methylation variations represent a more sensitive fingerprint analysis of the direct and indirect effects that may be overlooked by traditional toxicity assays, and an understanding of the structure-activity relationship of DNA methylation upon ENMs would open a new path for their safer design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Ming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Juan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Ming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
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42
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Bonner JC. Toxicological Effects of Carbon Nanotubes. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-1762-7.ch056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapidly evolving field of nanotechnology offers many potential societal and economic benefits. Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) are one of the most widely produced engineered nanomaterials and have diverse applications in engineering, electronics, and medicine. They have also been extensively investigated for their toxicological properties. Studies with rodents indicate that CNTs can cause lung fibrosis or granuloma formation, exacerbate pre-existing respiratory disease, cause injury to the sensitive pleural lining of the lungs, and have systemic immunosuppressive effects. CNTs have also been reported to cause genotoxic effects on cultured cells. The fiber-like structure of CNTs has led to comparisons with asbestos fibers; yet the debate over whether CNTs cause mesothelioma remains highly controversial, and evidence thus far is lacking. The aim of this chapter is to overview the evidence in rodent models that CNTs cause lung disease and to discuss the potential of CNTs to cause adverse immune, fibrogenic, or carcinogenic effects in humans as a result of occupational, consumer, or environmental exposure.
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Differential crosstalk between global DNA methylation and metabolomics associated with cell type specific stress response by pristine and functionalized MWCNT. Biomaterials 2016; 115:167-180. [PMID: 27914347 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study endeavored to evaluate the comprehensive mechanisms of MWCNT-induced toxicity with particular emphasis on understanding cell specificity in relation to surface functionalization of MWCNT. Following treatment with differentially functionalized (hydroxylation/carboxylation) MWCNT on human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) and human hepatoma (HepG2) cell lines, intracellular uptake, various toxicological end points, global metabolomics profiling and DNA methylation were evaluated. Herein, the comparative in vitro studies ascertained that surface functionalization diminished the toxic potentiality of MWCNT in respect of their pristine counterpart. The surface enhanced Raman scattering with dark-field microscopy attested the intracellular uptake of functionalized-MWCNT, but not the pristine one. The MWCNT's exposure caused alterations in stress responses (oxidative stress, inflammation, profibrosis, DNA damage-repair), differential mode of gene expressions, global metabolomics and DNA methylation status (DNMT3B dependent hypo-methylation in BEAS-2B cells and hyper-methylation in HepG2 cells) in a cell type specific and surface functionalization dependent manner. The alterations in particular metabolites (choline, betaine, succinate etc.) and distinct DNA methylation crosstalk patterns are the possible underlying mechanisms of differential mode of gene expressions and cell type specificity of MWCNT. This study provides preliminary evidence of epigenetic modifications and global metabolomics profiling which might be translated for risk assessment of MWCNT.
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Landsiedel R. Concern-driven integrated approaches for the grouping, testing and assessment of nanomaterials. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 218:1376-1380. [PMID: 26586635 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
NM's potential to induce adverse effects in humans or the environment is being addressed in numerous research projects, and methods and tools for NM hazard identification and risk assessment are advancing. This article describes how integrated approaches for the testing and assessment of NMs can ensure the safety of nanomaterials, while adhering to the 3Rs principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Landsiedel
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany.
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45
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Baldrighi M, Trusel M, Tonini R, Giordani S. Carbon Nanomaterials Interfacing with Neurons: An In vivo Perspective. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:250. [PMID: 27375413 PMCID: PMC4899452 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing new tools that outperform current state of the art technologies for imaging, drug delivery or electrical sensing in neuronal tissues is one of the great challenges in neurosciences. Investigations into the potential use of carbon nanomaterials for such applications started about two decades ago. Since then, numerous in vitro studies have examined interactions between these nanomaterials and neurons, either by evaluating their compatibility, as vectors for drug delivery, or for their potential use in electric activity sensing and manipulation. The results obtained indicate that carbon nanomaterials may be suitable for medical therapies. However, a relatively small number of in vivo studies have been carried out to date. In order to facilitate the transformation of carbon nanomaterial into practical neurobiomedical applications, it is essential to identify and highlight in the existing literature the strengths and weakness that different carbon nanomaterials have displayed when probed in vivo. Unfortunately the current literature is sometimes sparse and confusing. To offer a clearer picture of the in vivo studies on carbon nanomaterials in the central nervous system, we provide a systematic and critical review. Hereby we identify properties and behavior of carbon nanomaterials in vivo inside the neural tissues, and we examine key achievements and potentially problematic toxicological issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Baldrighi
- Nano Carbon Materials Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaGenova, Italy
| | - Massimo Trusel
- Neuroscience and Brain Technology, Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaGenova, Italy
| | - Raffaella Tonini
- Neuroscience and Brain Technology, Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaGenova, Italy
| | - Silvia Giordani
- Nano Carbon Materials Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaGenova, Italy
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Hemmer E, Benayas A, Légaré F, Vetrone F. Exploiting the biological windows: current perspectives on fluorescent bioprobes emitting above 1000 nm. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2016; 1:168-184. [PMID: 32260620 DOI: 10.1039/c5nh00073d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
With the goal of developing more accurate, efficient, non-invasive and fast diagnostic tools, the use of near-infrared (NIR) light in the range of the second and third biological windows (NIR-II: 1000-1350 nm, NIR-III: 1550-1870 nm) is growing remarkably as it provides the advantages of deeper penetration depth into biological tissues, better image contrast, reduced phototoxicity and photobleaching. Consequently, NIR-based bioimaging has become a quickly emerging field and manifold new NIR-emitting bioprobes have been reported. Classes of materials suggested as potential probes for NIR-to-NIR bioimaging (using NIR light for the excitation and emission) are quite diverse. These include rare-earth based nanoparticles, Group-IV nanostructures (single-walled carbon nanotubes, carbon nanoparticles and more recently Si- or Ge-based nanostructures) as well as Ag, In and Pb chalcogenide quantum dots. This review summarizes and discusses current trends, material merits, and latest developments in NIR-to-NIR bioimaging taking advantage of the region above 1000 nm (i.e. the second and third biological windows). Further consideration will be given to upcoming probe materials emitting in the NIR-I region (700-950 nm), thus do not possess emissions in these two windows, but have high expectations. Overall, the focus is placed on recent discussions concerning the optimal choice of excitation and emission wavelengths for deep-tissue high-resolution optical bioimaging and on fluorescent bioprobes that have successfully been implemented in in vitro and in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hemmer
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique -Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Université du Québec, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada.
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Ruenraroengsak P, Chen S, Hu S, Melbourne J, Sweeney S, Thorley AJ, Skepper JN, Shaffer MSP, Tetley TD, Porter AE. Translocation of Functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes across Human Pulmonary Alveolar Epithelium: Dominant Role of Epithelial Type 1 Cells. ACS NANO 2016; 10:5070-85. [PMID: 27035850 PMCID: PMC6682507 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b08218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Uptake and translocation of short functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (short-fMWCNTs) through the pulmonary respiratory epithelial barrier depend on physicochemical property and cell type. Two monoculture models, immortalized human alveolar epithelial type 1 (TT1) cells and primary human alveolar epithelial type 2 cells (AT2), which constitute the alveolar epithelial barrier, were employed to investigate the uptake and transport of 300 and 700 nm in length, poly(4-vinylpyridine)-functionalized, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (p(4VP)-MWCNTs) using quantitative imaging and spectroscopy techniques. The p(4VP)-MWCNT exhibited no toxicity on TT1 and AT2 cells, but significantly decreased barrier integrity (*p < 0.01). Uptake of p(4VP)-MWCNTs was observed in 70% of TT1 cells, correlating with compromised barrier integrity and basolateral p(4VP)-MWCNT translocation. There was a small but significantly greater uptake of 300 nm p(4VP)-MWCNTs than 700 nm p(4VP)-MWCNTs by TT1 cells. Up to 3% of both the 300 and 700 nm p(4VP)-MWCNTs reach the basal chamber; this relatively low amount arose because the supporting transwell membrane minimized the amount of p(4VP)-MWCNT translocating to the basal chamber, seen trapped between the basolateral cell membrane and the membrane. Only 8% of AT2 cells internalized p(4VP)-MWCNT, accounting for 17% of applied p(4VP)-MWCNT), with transient effects on barrier function, which initially fell then returned to normal; there was no MWCNT basolateral translocation. The transport rate was MWCNT length modulated. The comparatively lower p(4VP)-MWCNT uptake by AT2 cells is proposed to reflect a primary barrier effect of type 2 cell secretions and the functional differences between the type 1 and type 2 alveolar epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pakatip Ruenraroengsak
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, UK, SW7 2AZ
- Lung Cell Biology, Airways Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London, UK, SW3 6LY
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr Pakatip Ruenraroengsak, Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK, ; Prof. Teresa D. Tetley, Department of Lung Cell Biology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Guy Scadding Building, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, UK Phone: +44-207-5942984, ; Dr Alexandra E. Porter, Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK, Phone: +44-207-594691,
| | - Shu Chen
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, UK, SW7 2AZ
| | - Sheng Hu
- Department of Chemistry and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, UK
| | - Jodie Melbourne
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, UK, SW7 2AZ
| | - Sinbad Sweeney
- Lung Cell Biology, Airways Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London, UK, SW3 6LY
| | - Andrew J. Thorley
- Lung Cell Biology, Airways Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London, UK, SW3 6LY
| | - Jeremy N. Skepper
- Cambridge Advanced Imaging Centre, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, UK, CB2 3DY
| | - Milo S. P. Shaffer
- Department of Chemistry and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, UK
| | - Teresa D. Tetley
- Lung Cell Biology, Airways Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London, UK, SW3 6LY
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr Pakatip Ruenraroengsak, Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK, ; Prof. Teresa D. Tetley, Department of Lung Cell Biology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Guy Scadding Building, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, UK Phone: +44-207-5942984, ; Dr Alexandra E. Porter, Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK, Phone: +44-207-594691,
| | - Alexandra E. Porter
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, UK, SW7 2AZ
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr Pakatip Ruenraroengsak, Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK, ; Prof. Teresa D. Tetley, Department of Lung Cell Biology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Guy Scadding Building, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, UK Phone: +44-207-5942984, ; Dr Alexandra E. Porter, Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK, Phone: +44-207-594691,
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Snyder-Talkington BN, Dong C, Porter DW, Ducatman B, Wolfarth MG, Andrew M, Battelli L, Raese R, Castranova V, Guo NL, Qian Y. Multiwalled carbon nanotube-induced pulmonary inflammatory and fibrotic responses and genomic changes following aspiration exposure in mice: A 1-year postexposure study. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2016; 79:352-66. [PMID: 27092743 PMCID: PMC4899319 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2016.1159635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary exposure to multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) induces an inflammatory and rapid fibrotic response, although the long-term signaling mechanisms are unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of 1, 10, 40, or 80 μg MWCNT administered by pharyngeal aspiration on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid for polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) infiltration, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, and lung histopathology for inflammatory and fibrotic responses in mouse lungs 1 mo, 6 mo, and 1 yr postexposure. Further, a 120-μg crocidolite asbestos group was incorporated as a positive control for comparative purposes. Results showed that MWCNT increased BAL fluid LDH activity and PMN infiltration in a dose-dependent manner at all three postexposure times. Asbestos exposure elevated LDH activity at all 3 postexposure times and PMN infiltration at 1 mo and 6 mo postexposure. Pathological changes in the lung, the presence of MWCNT or asbestos, and fibrosis were noted at 40 and 80 μg MWCNT and in asbestos-exposed mice at 1 yr postexposure. To determine potential signaling pathways involved with MWCNT-associated pathological changes in comparison to asbestos, up- and down-regulated gene expression was determined in lung tissue at 1 yr postexposure. Exposure to MWCNT tended to favor those pathways involved in immune responses, specifically T-cell responses, whereas exposure to asbestos tended to favor pathways involved in oxygen species production, electron transport, and cancer. Data indicate that MWCNT are biopersistent in the lung and induce inflammatory and fibrotic pathological alterations similar to those of crocidolite asbestos, but may reach these endpoints by different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandi N. Snyder-Talkington
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Chunlin Dong
- Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-9300, USA
| | - Dale W. Porter
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Barbara Ducatman
- Department of Pathology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Michael G. Wolfarth
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Michael Andrew
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Lori Battelli
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Rebecca Raese
- Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-9300, USA
| | - Vincent Castranova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Nancy L. Guo
- Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-9300, USA
| | - Yong Qian
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
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Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Inhibit the Cytochrome P450 Enzyme, CYP3A4. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21316. [PMID: 26899743 PMCID: PMC4761960 DOI: 10.1038/srep21316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a detailed computational and experimental study of the interaction of
single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with the drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450
enzyme, CYP3A4. Dose-dependent inhibition of CYP3A4-mediated conversion of the model
compound, testosterone, to its major metabolite, 6β-hydroxy testosterone
was noted. Evidence for a direct interaction between SWCNTs and CYP3A4 was also
provided. The inhibition of enzyme activity was alleviated when SWCNTs were
pre-coated with bovine serum albumin. Furthermore, covalent functionalization of
SWCNTs with polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains mitigated the inhibition of CYP3A4
enzymatic activity. Molecular dynamics simulations suggested that inhibition of the
catalytic activity of CYP3A4 is mainly due to blocking of the exit channel for
substrates/products through a complex binding mechanism. This work suggests that
SWCNTs could interfere with metabolism of drugs and other xenobiotics and provides a
molecular mechanism for this toxicity. Our study also suggests means to reduce this
toxicity, eg., by surface modification.
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Ema M, Gamo M, Honda K. A review of toxicity studies of single-walled carbon nanotubes in laboratory animals. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 74:42-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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