1
|
Xi XY, Wang L, Hsu B, Zhao ZQ, Liu S, Fang W. 99mTc-3SPboroxime: A neutral 99mTc(III) radiotracer with high heart uptake and long myocardial retention. J Nucl Cardiol 2021; 28:2687-2696. [PMID: 32180138 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-020-02087-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 99mTc-3SPboroxime is a 99mTc(III) complex with high initial heart uptake comparable to that of 99mTc-Teboroxime, but with significantly longer myocardial retention in Sprague-Dawley rats. This study was performed to demonstrate its feasibility on myocardial perfusion imaging and myocardial blood flow quantification in swine models. METHODS Dynamic single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) studies with 99mTc-3SPboroxime were performed in normal (with/without dipyridamole, n = 9) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) swine (n = 3) in comparison with 99mTc-Teboroxime and 99mTc-Sestamibi. List-mode acquisitions were immediately started after injection and continued for 15 minutes. Regions of interest were drawn on heart (infarct and remote areas of AMI swine) and liver to generate time activity curves. Heart/liver and infarct/remote radioactivity ratios were calculated. One-tissue compartment model was implemented to obtain K1 and K2 values. RESULTS The initial heart uptake of 99mTc-3SPboroxime was close to that of 99mTc-Teboroxime, but higher than that of 99mTc-Sestamibi. 99mTc-3SPboroxime had a myocardial retention longer than that of 99mTc-Teboroxime. The heart/liver ratio of 99mTc-3SPboroxime was higher than that of 99mTc-Teboroxime at later stage (13-15 minutes post-injection). The K1 value of 99mTc-3SPboroxime was much higher than that of 99mTc-Sestamibi, and the K2 value was significantly lower than that of 99mTc-Teboroxime both at rest and dipyridamole stress (rest K1: 0.63 ± 0.11 vs 0.40 ± 0.04 mL·min-1·g-1, P = 0.027; stress K1: 0.89 ± 0.05 vs 0.54 ± 0.08 mL·min-1·g-1, P = 0.031; rest K2: 0.22 ± 0.04 vs 0.33 ± 0.11 mL·min-1·g-1, P = 0.003; stress K2: 0.31 ± 0.03 vs 0.60 ± 0.30 mL·min-1·g-1, P = 0.047). High quality SPECT images could be obtained in any of the 5 minutes windows over the first 15 minutes after injection of 99mTc-3SPboroxime in normal and AMI swine models. Apical and anterior perfusion defects were clearly visualized in AMI swine. CONCLUSION 99mTc-3SPboroxime is a promising radiotracer for future clinical translation considering its heart uptake, heart/liver ratio and SPECT image quality, as well as the advantage over 99mTc-Sestamibi in the definition of stress flow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ying Xi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Bailing Hsu
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Institute, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Zuo-Quan Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China.
| | - Shuang Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Wei Fang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Duatti A. Review on 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals with emphasis on new advancements. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 92:202-216. [PMID: 32475681 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rapid imaging acquisition, high spatial resolution and sensitivity, powered by advancements in solid-state detector technology, are significantly changing the perspective of single photon emission tomography (SPECT). In particular, this evolutionary step is fueling a rediscovery of technetium-99m, a still unique radionuclide within the nuclear medicine scenario because of its ideal nuclear properties and easy preparation of its radiopharmaceuticals that does not require a costly infrastructure and complex procedures. Scope of this review is to show that the arsenal of technetium-99m radiopharmaceuticals is already equipped with imaging agents that may complement and integrate the role played by analogous tracers developed for positron emission tomography (PET). These include, in particular, somatostatin (SST) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) receptor targeting agents, and a number of peptide-derived radiopharmaceuticals. Additionally, these recent technological developments, combined with new myocardial perfusion tracers having more favorable biodistribution and pharmacokinetic properties as compared to current commercial agents, may also reinvigorate the prevailing position still hold by technetium-99m radiopharmaceuticals in nuclear cardiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Duatti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fang W, Liu S. New 99mTc Radiotracers for Myocardial Perfusion Imaging by SPECT. Curr Radiopharm 2019; 12:171-186. [PMID: 30727939 DOI: 10.2174/1874471012666190206102214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Myocardial Perfusion Imaging (MPI) with radiotracers is an integral component in evaluation of the patients with known or suspected coronary artery diseases (CAD). 99mTc-Sestamibi and 99mTc-Tetrofosmin are commercial radiopharmaceuticals for MPI by single photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT). Despite their widespread clinical applications, they do not meet the requirements of an ideal perfusion imaging agent due to their inability to linearly track the regional myocardial blood flow rate at >2.5 mL/min/g. With tremendous development of CZT-based SPECT cameras over the past several years, the nuclear cardiology community has been calling for better perfusion radiotracers with improved extraction and biodistribution properties. METHODS This review will summarize recent research efforts on new cationic and neutral 99mTc radiotracers for SPECT MPI. The goal of these efforts is to develop a 99mTc radiotracer that can be used to detect perfusion defects at rest or under stress, determine the regional myocardial blood flow, and measure the perfusion and left ventricular function. RESULTS The advantage of cationic radiotracers (e.g. 99mTc-Sestamibi) is their long myocardial retention because of the positive molecular charge and fast liver clearance kinetics. 99mTc-Teboroxime derivatives have a high initial heart uptake (high first-pass extraction fraction) due to their neutrality. 99mTc- 3SPboroxime is the most promising radiotracer for future clinical translation considering its initial heart uptake, myocardial retention time, liver clearance kinetics, heart/liver ratios and SPECT image quality. CONCLUSION 99mTc-3SPboroximine is an excellent example of perfusion radiotracers, the heart uptake of which is largely relies on the regional blood flow. It is possible to use 99mTc-3SPboroximine for detection of perfusion defect(s), accurate quantification and determination of regional blood flow rate. Development of such a 99mTc radiotracer is of great clinical benefit for accurate diagnosis of CAD and assessing the risk of future hard events (e.g. heart attack and sudden death) in cardiac patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, the National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, Beijing, IN 47907, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Salvarese N, Carta D, Marzano C, Gerardi G, Melendez-Alafort L, Bolzati C. [99mTc][Tc(N)(DASD)(PNPn)]+ (DASD = 1,4-Dioxa-8-azaspiro[4,5]decandithiocarbamate, PNPn = Bisphosphinoamine) for Myocardial Imaging: Synthesis, Pharmacological and Pharmacokinetic Studies. J Med Chem 2018; 61:11114-11126. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Salvarese
- Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy (ICMATE)-CNR, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Davide Carta
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo, 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Cristina Marzano
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo, 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Gabriele Gerardi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Bolzati
- Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy (ICMATE)-CNR, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao ZQ, Liu M, Fang W, Liu S. Sulfonyl-Containing Boronate Caps for Optimization of Biological Properties of 99mTc(III) Radiotracers [99mTcCl(CDO)(CDOH)2B-R] (CDOH2 = Cyclohexanedione Dioxime). J Med Chem 2017; 61:319-328. [PMID: 29186661 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zuo-Quan Zhao
- Department of
Nuclear Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular
Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical
College, No.167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Min Liu
- School
of Health Sciences, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Wei Fang
- Department of
Nuclear Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular
Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical
College, No.167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- School
of Health Sciences, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu M, Zhao ZQ, Fang W, Liu S. Novel Approach for 99mTc-Labeling of Red Blood Cells: Evaluation of 99mTc-4SAboroxime as a Blood Pool Imaging Agent. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:2998-3006. [PMID: 29148726 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Angiography with radiolabeled red blood cells (RBCs) plays an important role in diagnosis and prognosis in vascular diseases. Both in vitro and in vivo methods have been developed for 99mTc-labeling of RBCs. However, these methods are complicated and lack reproducibility. Therefore, it is highly desirable to develop an alternative method for routine 99mTc-labeling of RBCs. In this report, we present a novel approach for 99mTc-labeling of RBCs. We prepared a new 99mTc(III) radiotracer [99mTcCl(CDO)(CDOH)2B-4AS] (99mTc-4ASboroxime: 4AS-B(OH)2 = 4-aminosulfonylphenyl)boronic acid, and CDOH2 = cyclohexanedione dioxime) in >95% radiochemical purity. Imaging and biodistribution studies were performed in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. It was found that the blood radioactivity was ∼6.0%ID/g (∼90% injected dose for 200-225 g SD rats) for 99mTc-4ASboroxime with low uptake in the myocardium, kidneys, liver, lungs, and muscle, most likely due to lack of leakage of 99mTc-labeled RBCs from the intravascular space. The blood radioactivity was almost unchanged over the 2 h period, suggesting that the binding of 99mTc-4ASboroxime to blood components (cells, proteins, and plasma) is stable. The results from γ-counting of the isolated blood components showed that 99mTc-4ASboroxime had >95% of blood radioactivity binding to RBCs, ∼1% to albumin, and ∼3% remaining free in blood plasma, demonstrating its RBC-specificity. The results from imaging studies in SD rats indicated that 99mTc-4ASboroxime is predominantly distributed in the blood pool. Main blood vessels were well delineated in the head/neck and abdominal regions. This statement was further substantiated by the results from imaging studies in pigs. 99mTc-4ASboroxime is an excellent blood pool agent with the potential for diagnosis and prognosis of vascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Zuo-Quan Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, the National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , No. 167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Wei Fang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, the National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , No. 167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu M, Liu S. 99mTc-3Cboroxime: a novel 99mTc(iii) complex [99mTcCl(CDO)(CDOH)2B-3C] (CDOH2 = cyclohexanedione dioxime; 3C-B(OH)2 = 3-(carbamoylphenyl)boronic acid) with high heart uptake and long myocardial retention. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:14509-14518. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01292f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we found that 99mTc-3Cboroxime has the myocardial retention longer than that of 99mTc-Teboroxime, and its heart washout kinetics follows a regressive linear relationship over the 60 min period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Protection
- Medical College
- Soochow University
- China
- School of Health Sciences
| | - Shuang Liu
- School of Health Sciences
- Purdue University
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu M, Zheng Y, Avcibasi U, Liu S. Novel 99mTc(III)-azide complexes [ 99mTc(N 3)(CDO)(CDOH) 2B-R] (CDOH 2=cyclohexanedione dioxime) as potential radiotracers for heart imaging. Nucl Med Biol 2016; 43:732-741. [PMID: 27632344 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study, novel 99mTc(III)-azide complexes [99mTc(N3)(CDO)(CDOH)2B-R] (99mTc-ISboroxime-N3: R=IS; 99mTc-MPboroxime-N3: R=MP; 99mTc-PAboroxime-N3: R=PA; 99mTc-PYboroxime-N3: R=PY; and 99mTc-Uboroxime-N3: R=5U) were evaluated as heart imaging agents. METHODS Complexes [99mTc(N3)(CDO)(CDOH)2B-R] (R=IS, MP, PA, PY and 5U) were prepared by ligand exchange between NaN3 and [99mTcCl(CDO)(CDOH)2B-R]. Biodistribution and imaging studies were carried out in Sprague-Dawley rats. Image quantification was performed to compare their initial heart uptake and myocardial retention. RESULTS 99mTc-ISboroxime-N3, 99mTc-PYboroxime-N3 and 99mTc-Uboroxime-N3 were prepared with high RCP (93-98%) while the RCP of 99mTc-MPboroxime-N3 and 99mTc-PAboroxime-N3 was 80-85%. The myocardial retention curves of 99mTc-ISboroxime-N3, 99mTc-PYboroxime-N3 and 99mTc-Uboroxime-N3 were best fitted to the bi-exponential decay function. The half-time of the fast component was 1.6±0.4min for 99mTc-ISboroxime-N3, 0.7±0.1min for 99mTc-PYboroxime-N3 and 0.9±0.4min for 99mTc-Uboroxime-N3. The 2-min heart uptake from biodistribution studies followed the ranking order of 99mTc-ISboroxime-N3 (3.60±0.68%ID/g)>99mTc-PYboroxime-N3 (2.35±0.37%ID/g)≫99mTc-Uboroxime-N3 (1.29±0.06%ID/g). 99mTc-ISboroxime-N3 had the highest 2-min heart uptake among 99mTc radiotracers revaluated in SD rats. High quality SPECT images were obtained with the right and left ventricular walls being clearly delineated. The best image acquisition window was 0-5min for 99mTc-ISboroxime-N3. CONCLUSION Both azide coligand and boronate caps had significant impact on the heart uptake and myocardial retention of complexes [99mTc(N3)(CDO)(CDOH)2B-R]. Among the radiotracers evaluated in SD rats, 99mTc-ISboroxime-N3 has the highest initial heart uptake with the heart retention comparable to that of 99mTc-Teboroxime. 99mTc-ISboroxime-N3 is a promising alternative to 99mTc-Teboroxime for SPECT MPI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College, Soochow University, China; School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Yumin Zheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Ugur Avcibasi
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, IN, 47907, USA; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Celal Bayar University, 45040, Yunusemre/Manisa, Turkey
| | - Shuang Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, IN, 47907, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu M, Fang W, Liu S. Novel 99mTc(III) Complexes [99mTcCl(CDO)(CDOH)2B–R] (CDOH2 = Cyclohexanedione Dioxime) Useful as Radiotracers for Heart Imaging. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:2770-2779. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Department
of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College, Soochow University, China
- School
of Health Sciences, Purdue University, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Wei Fang
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, the National Center for Cardiovascular
Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- School
of Health Sciences, Purdue University, Indiana 47907, United States
| |
Collapse
|