1
|
Guo P, Driver D, Zhao Z, Zheng Z, Chan C, Cheng X. Controlling the Revolving and Rotating Motion Direction of Asymmetric Hexameric Nanomotor by Arginine Finger and Channel Chirality. ACS NANO 2019; 13:6207-6223. [PMID: 31067030 PMCID: PMC6595433 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b08849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanomotors in nanotechnology are as important as engines in daily life. Many ATPases are nanoscale biomotors classified into three categories based on the motion mechanisms in transporting substrates: linear, rotating, and the recently discovered revolving motion. Most biomotors adopt a multisubunit ring-shaped structure that hydrolyzes ATP to generate force. How these biomotors control the motion direction and regulate the sequential action of their multiple subunits is intriguing. Many ATPases are hexameric with each monomer containing a conserved arginine finger. This review focuses on recent findings on how the arginine finger controls motion direction and coordinates adjacent subunit interactions in both revolving and rotating biomotors. Mechanisms of intersubunit interactions and sequential movements of individual subunits are evidenced by the asymmetrical appearance of one dimer and four monomers in high-resolution structural complexes. The arginine finger is situated at the interface of two subunits and extends into the ATP binding pocket of the downstream subunit. An arginine finger mutation results in deficiency in ATP binding/hydrolysis, substrate binding, and transport, highlighting the importance of the arginine finger in regulating energy transduction and motor function. Additionally, the roles of channel chirality and channel size are discussed as related to controlling one-way trafficking and differentiating the revolving and rotating mechanisms. Finally, the review concludes by discussing the conformational changes and entropy conversion triggered by ATP binding/hydrolysis, offering a view different from the traditional concept of ATP-mediated mechanochemical energy coupling. The elucidation of the motion mechanism and direction control in ATPases could facilitate nanomotor fabrication in nanotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peixuan Guo
- Center
for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy
and College of Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research
Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Pharmacy, Biophysics
Graduate Program, Translational Data Analytics Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United
States
- E-mail:
| | - Dana Driver
- Center
for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy
and College of Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research
Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Pharmacy, Biophysics
Graduate Program, Translational Data Analytics Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United
States
| | - Zhengyi Zhao
- Center
for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy
and College of Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research
Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Pharmacy, Biophysics
Graduate Program, Translational Data Analytics Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United
States
| | - Zhen Zheng
- Center
for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy
and College of Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research
Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Pharmacy, Biophysics
Graduate Program, Translational Data Analytics Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United
States
| | - Chun Chan
- Center
for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy
and College of Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research
Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Pharmacy, Biophysics
Graduate Program, Translational Data Analytics Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United
States
| | - Xiaolin Cheng
- Center
for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy
and College of Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research
Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Pharmacy, Biophysics
Graduate Program, Translational Data Analytics Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United
States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Griep MA, Blood S, Larson MA, Koepsell SA, Hinrichs SH. Myricetin inhibits Escherichia coli DnaB helicase but not primase. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:7203-8. [PMID: 17851081 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2007] [Revised: 06/29/2007] [Accepted: 07/03/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Primase and DnaB helicase play central roles during DNA replication initiation and elongation. Both enzymes are drug targets because they are essential, persistent among bacterial genomes, and have different sequences than their eukaryotic equivalents. Myricetin is a ubiquitous natural product in plants that is known to inhibit a variety of DNA polymerases, RNA polymerases, reverse transcriptases, and telomerases in addition being able to inhibit kinases and helicases. We have shown that myricetin inhibits Escherichia coli DnaB helicase according to a mechanism dominated by noncompetitive behavior with a K(i) of 10.0+/-0.5 microM. At physiological ATP concentration, myricetin inhibits E. coli DnaB helicase with an inhibitory concentration at 50% maximal (IC(50)) of 11.3+/-1.6 microM. In contrast, myricetin inhibited E. coli primase at least 60-fold weaker than DnaB helicase and far weaker than any other polymerase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Griep
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 614 Hamilton Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Brasholz M, Sörgel S, Azap C, Reißig H. Rubromycins: Structurally Intriguing, Biologically Valuable, Synthetically Challenging Antitumour Antibiotics. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200601054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Malte Brasholz
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany, Fax: +49‐30‐838‐55367
| | - Sebastian Sörgel
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany, Fax: +49‐30‐838‐55367
| | - Cengiz Azap
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany, Fax: +49‐30‐838‐55367
| | - Hans‐Ulrich Reißig
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany, Fax: +49‐30‐838‐55367
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yamada K, Ariyoshi M, Morikawa K. Three-dimensional structural views of branch migration and resolution in DNA homologous recombination. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2005; 14:130-7. [PMID: 15093826 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2004.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The processing of the Holliday junction by various proteins is a major event in DNA homologous recombination and is crucial to the maintenance of genome stability and biological diversity. The proteins RuvA, RuvB and RuvC play central roles in the late stage of recombination in prokaryotes. Recent atomic views of these proteins, including protein-protein and protein-junction DNA complexes, provide new insights into branch migration mechanisms: RuvA is likely to be responsible for base-pair rearrangements, whereas RuvB, classified as a member of the AAA(+) family, functions as a pump to pull DNA duplex arms without segmental unwinding. The mechanism of junction resolution by RuvC in the RuvABC resolvasome remains to be elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Yamada
- Biomolecular Engineering Research Institute, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ziegelin G, Niedenzu T, Lurz R, Saenger W, Lanka E. Hexameric RSF1010 helicase RepA: the structural and functional importance of single amino acid residues. Nucleic Acids Res 2003; 31:5917-29. [PMID: 14530440 PMCID: PMC219471 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkg790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the known monoclinic crystals the 3-dimensional structure of the hexameric, replicative helicase RepA encoded by plasmid RSF1010 shows 6-fold rotational symmetry. In contrast, in the cubic crystal form at 2.55 A resolution described here RepA has 3-fold symmetry and consists of a trimer of dimers. To study structure-function relationships, a series of repA deletion mutants and mutations yielding single amino acid exchanges were constructed and the respective gene products were analyzed in vivo and in vitro. Hexamerization of RepA occurs via the N-terminus and is required for NTP hydrolysis. The C-terminus is essential both for the interaction with the replication machinery and for the helicase activity. Functional analyses of RepA variants with single amino acid exchanges confirmed most of the predictions that were based on the published 3-dimensional structure. Of the five motifs conserved in family 4 helicases, all residues conserved in RepA and T7 gp4 helicases participate in DNA unwinding. Residues K42, E76, D77, D139 and H178, proposed to play key roles in catalyzing the hydrolysis of NTPs, are essential for RepA activity. Residue H178 of motif H3 couples nucleotide consumption to DNA strand separation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Günter Ziegelin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Genetik, Ihnestrasse 73, Dahlem, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Skordalakes E, Berger JM. Structure of the Rho transcription terminator: mechanism of mRNA recognition and helicase loading. Cell 2003; 114:135-46. [PMID: 12859904 DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00512-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In bacteria, one of the major transcriptional termination mechanisms requires a RNA/DNA helicase known as the Rho factor. We have determined two structures of Rho complexed with nucleic acid recognition site mimics in both free and nucleotide bound states to 3.0 A resolution. Both structures show that Rho forms a hexameric ring in which two RNA binding sites--a primary one responsible for target mRNA recognition and a secondary one required for mRNA translocation and unwinding--point toward the center of the ring. Rather than forming a closed ring, the Rho hexamer is split open, resembling a "lock washer" in its global architecture. The distance between subunits at the opening is sufficiently wide (12 A) to accommodate single-stranded RNA. This open configuration most likely resembles a state poised to load onto mRNA and suggests how related ring-shaped enzymes may be breached to bind nucleic acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Skordalakes
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 239 Hildebrand Hall, #3206, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
ATPases are involved in several cellular functions, and are at the origin of various human diseases. They are therefore attractive drug targets, and various ATPase inhibitors are already on the market. However, most of these drugs are active without binding directly to the nucleotide-binding site. An alternative strategy to inhibit ATPases is to design competitive ATP inhibitors. This approach, which has been used successfully to design protein-kinase inhibitors, depends on the structure of the nucleotide-binding site. This review describes the structural features of the nucleotide-binding site of various ATPases and analyses how this structural information can be exploited for drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Chène
- Oncology Department, Novartis, K125 442, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xu H, Ziegelin G, Schröder W, Frank J, Ayora S, Alonso JC, Lanka E, Saenger W. Flavones inhibit the hexameric replicative helicase RepA. Nucleic Acids Res 2001; 29:5058-66. [PMID: 11812837 PMCID: PMC97556 DOI: 10.1093/nar/29.24.5058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2001] [Revised: 10/08/2001] [Accepted: 10/08/2001] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicases couple the hydrolysis of nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) to the unwinding of double-stranded nucleic acids and are essential in DNA metabolism. Thus far, no inhibitors are known for helicases except heliquinomycin isolated from Streptomyces sp. As the three-dimensional structure of the hexameric replicative DNA helicase RepA encoded by the broad host-range plasmid RSF1010 is known, this protein served as a model helicase to search for inhibitory compounds. The commercially available flavone derivatives luteolin, morin, myricetin and dimyricetin (an oxidation product of myricetin) inhibited the ATPase and double-stranded DNA unwinding activities of RepA. Dimyricetin was the most effective inhibitor for both activities. Single-stranded DNA-dependent RepA ATPase activity is inhibited non-competitively by all four compounds. This finding contrasts the inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase by flavones that fit into the ATP binding pocket of this enzyme. Myricetin also inhibited the growth of a Gram-positive and a Gram-negative bacterial species. As we found other hexameric and non-hexameric prokaryotic helicases to be differentially sensitive to myricetin, flavones may provide substructures for the design of molecules helpful for unraveling the mechanism of helicase action and of novel pharmacologically useful molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Xu
- Institut für Kristallographie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Niedenzu T, Röleke D, Bains G, Scherzinger E, Saenger W. Crystal structure of the hexameric replicative helicase RepA of plasmid RSF1010. J Mol Biol 2001; 306:479-87. [PMID: 11178907 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.2000.4398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Unwinding of double-stranded DNA into single-stranded intermediates required for various fundamental life processes is catalyzed by helicases, a family of mono-, di- or hexameric motor proteins fueled by nucleoside triphosphate hydrolysis. The three-dimensional crystal structure of the hexameric helicase RepA encoded by plasmid RSF1010 has been determined by X-ray diffraction at 2.4 A resolution. The hexamer shows an annular structure with 6-fold rotational symmetry and a approximately 17 A wide central hole, suggesting that single-stranded DNA may be threaded during unwinding. Homologs of all five conserved sequence motifs of the DnaB-like helicase family are found in RepA, and the topography of the monomer resembles RecA and the helicase domain of the bacteriophage T7 gp4 protein. In a modeled complex, ATP molecules are located at the subunit interfaces and clearly define adenine-binding and ATPase catalytic sites formed by amino acid residues located on adjacent monomers; most remarkable is the "arginine finger" Arg207 contributing to the active site in the adjacent monomer. This arrangement of active-site residues suggests cooperativity between monomers in ATP hydrolysis and helicase activity of RepA. The mechanism of DNA unwinding remains elusive, as RepA is 6-fold symmetric, contrasting the recently published asymmetric structure of the bacteriophage T7 gp4 helicase domain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Niedenzu
- Institut für Kristallographie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 6, Berlin, D-14195, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|