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Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antidiabetic Activities of Bioactive Compounds from the Fruits of Livistona chinensis Based on Network Pharmacology Prediction. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:7807046. [PMID: 34707780 PMCID: PMC8545574 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7807046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a chemical investigation on the fruits of Livistona chinensis (FLC) led to the isolation and identification of 45 polyphenols and 5 alkaloids, including two new compounds (Livischinol (1) and Livischinine A (46)), an undescribed compound (47) and 47 known compounds. FLC was predicted with novel potential antidiabetic function by collecting and analyzing the potential targets of the ingredients. Compound 32 exhibited significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50 = 5.71 μM) and 1, 6, and 44 showed the PTP1B inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 9.41-22.19 μM, while that of oleanolic acid was 28.58 μM. The competitive inhibitors of PTP1B (compounds 1 and 44) formed strong binding affinity, with catalytic active sites, proved by kinetic analysis, fluorescence spectra measurements, and computational simulations, and stimulated glucose uptake in the insulin-resistant HepG2 cells at the dose of 50 μM. In addition, FLC was rich in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory bioactive compounds so that they could be developed as nutraceuticals against diabetes.
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Zahajská L, Nisler J, Voller J, Gucký T, Pospíšil T, Spíchal L, Strnad M. Preparation, characterization and biological activity of C8-substituted cytokinins. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017; 135:115-127. [PMID: 27986278 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring cytokinins are adenine-based plant hormones. Although, the effect of various substituents at positions N1, C2, N3, N6, N7, or N9 on the biological activity of cytokinins has been studied, the C8-substituted compounds have received little attention. Here, we report the synthesis and in vitro biological testing of thirty-one cytokinin derivatives substituted at the C8 position of the adenine skeleton and twenty-seven compounds which served as their N9-tetrahydropyranyl protected precursors. The cytokinin activity of all the compounds was determined in classical cytokinin biotests (wheat leaf senescence, Amaranthus and tobacco callus assays). With some exceptions, the compounds with a N9-tetrahydropyranyl group were generally less active than their de-protected analogs. The latter were further tested for their ability to activate the Arabidopsis cytokinin receptors AHK3 and CRE1/AHK4 in bacterial receptor activation assays. Using this approach, we identified derivatives bearing short aliphatic chains and retaining high cytokinin activity. Such compounds are suitable candidates for fluorescence labeling or as protein-affinity ligands. We further found that some C8-substituted cytokinins exhibited no or lower cytotoxicity toward tobacco cells when compared to their parent compound. Therefore, we also present and discuss the cytotoxicity of all the compounds against three normal human cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Zahajská
- Isotope Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Botany, AS CR, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czechia
| | - Jaroslav Nisler
- Isotope Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Botany, AS CR, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czechia; Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, AS CR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czechia.
| | - Jiří Voller
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, AS CR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Gucký
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, AS CR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Pospíšil
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, AS CR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czechia
| | - Lukáš Spíchal
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, AS CR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czechia
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, AS CR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czechia
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Karady M, Novák O, Horna A, Strnad M, Doležal K. High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Electrochemistry/High Resolution Electrospray Ionization‐Mass Spectrometry (HPLC/EC/HR ESI‐MS) Characterization of Selected Cytokinins Oxidation Products. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201400286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Karady
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics & Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics & Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Horna
- RADANAL Ltd. Okružní 613, CZ 530 03, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics & Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Doležal
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics & Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Abstract
An enzyme of unknown function within the amidohydrolase superfamily was discovered to catalyze the hydrolysis of N-6-substituted adenine derivatives, several of which are cytokinins. Cytokinins are a common type of plant hormone and N-6-substituted adenines are also found as modifications to tRNA. Patl2390, from Pseudoalteromonas atlantica T6c, was shown to hydrolytically deaminate N-6-isopentenyladenine to hypoxanthine and isopentenylamine with a k(cat)/K(m) of 1.2 × 10(7) M(-1) s(-1). Additional substrates include N-6-benzyl adenine, cis- and trans-zeatin, kinetin, O-6-methylguanine, N-6-butyladenine, N-6-methyladenine, N,N-dimethyladenine, 6-methoxypurine, 6-chloropurine, and 6-thiomethylpurine. This enzyme does not catalyze the deamination of adenine or adenosine. A comparative model of Patl2390 was computed using the three-dimensional crystal structure of Pa0148 (PDB code 3PAO ) as a structural template, and docking was used to refine the model to accommodate experimentally identified substrates. This is the first identification of an enzyme that will hydrolyze an N-6-substituted side chain larger than methylamine from adenine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa M. Goble
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77843-3012, United States
| | - Hao Fan
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 Fourth Street, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Andrej Sali
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 Fourth Street, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Frank M. Raushel
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77843-3012, United States
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Taylor JL, Zaharia LI, Chen H, Anderson E, Abrams SR. Biotransformation of adenine and cytokinins by the rhizobacterium Serratia proteamaculans. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2006; 67:1887-94. [PMID: 16860349 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2006] [Revised: 06/08/2006] [Accepted: 06/13/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 60,000 microorganisms from Saskatchewan soil were screened for growth on the cytokinin N6-benzyladenine (BA) as C source. A single isolate, identified as Serratia proteamaculans, grew well on BA. The culture filtrates from S. proteamaculans were screened using reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) for the presence of secondary metabolites. The analysis revealed a major metabolite and its chemical structure was deduced as 8-hydroxy-N6-benzyladenine (8-OHBA). Subsequently, the S. proteamaculans isolate was also found to metabolize N6-(2-isopentenyl)adenine and adenine through oxidation of C-8 of the purine ring. A clone of the S. proteamaculans xanthine dehydrogenase (Xdh, EC 1.1.1.204) encoding genes was isolated in Escherichia coli. This E. coli isolate metabolized BA to 8-OHBA. Similar to other bacterial Xdh, the S. proteamaculans enzyme was composed of two subunits. The derived amino acid sequences of these Xdh subunits were most similar (XdhA, 60%; XdhB, 72%) to those of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet L Taylor
- Plant Biotechnology Institute, National Research Council of Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, Sask., Canada S7N 0W9.
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Kang H, Fenical W. Aplidiamine, a unique zwitterionic benzyl hydroxyadenine from the Western Australian marine ascidian Aplidiopsis sp. Tetrahedron Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(97)00003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Andresen G, Gundersen LL, Rise F. Regiochemistry in addition of Grignard reagents to N,N′-dibenzylated 2-purinones. Tetrahedron 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(96)00779-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
When cell extracts from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells were assayed for isopentenyl adenine content and correlation with cell growth stage by radioimmunoassay, concentrations of low statistical significance were obtained. High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of cell extracts showed undetectable levels of isopentenyl adenine or 8-hydroxy-isopentenyl adenine, a known metabolite. Thus these substances do not seem to be required for cell division in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells.
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Chism GW, Long A, Rolle R. Assay of enzymes involved in cytokinin metabolism by means of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)91665-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Chen C, Melitz DK, Petschow B, Eckert RL. Isolation of cytokinin-binding protein from plant tissues by affinity chromatography. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1980; 108:379-87. [PMID: 7408857 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1980.tb04733.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Chen CM, Melitz DK. Cytokinin biosynthesis in a cell-free system from cytokinin-autotrophic tobacco tissue cultures. FEBS Lett 1979; 107:15-20. [PMID: 499537 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(79)80452-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Hashizume T, McCloskey JA, Liehr JG. Electron impact-induced reactions of N6-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)adenosine and related cytokinins. BIOMEDICAL MASS SPECTROMETRY 1976; 3:177-83. [PMID: 963276 DOI: 10.1002/bms.1200030407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Fragmentation reactions of the biologically important N6-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)adenyl moiety have been re-examined with the aid of systematic deuterium labeling in the sidechain and by examination of the 1- and 7-deazanucleoside analogs. It is concluded that the diagnostic reactions which involve expulsion of C3H7 proceed predominantly by ring closure from the sidechain double bond to N-1 (ion a). Base-containing ions m/e 135 and 148 were confirmed to arise mainly by rearrangement of hydrogen from the methyl terminus to N6 and simple cleavage, respectively, but with significant contribution from other pathways involving transfer of sidechain hydrogens to the base.
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