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Tessmer MH, Stoll S. A novel approach to modeling side chain ensembles of the bifunctional spin label RX. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.24.542139. [PMID: 37292623 PMCID: PMC10245940 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.24.542139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a novel approach to modeling side chain ensembles of bifunctional spin labels. This approach utilizes rotamer libraries to generate side chain conformational ensembles. Because the bifunctional label is constrained by two attachment sites, the label is split into two monofunctional rotamers which are first attached to their respective sites, then rejoined by a local optimization in dihedral space. We validate this method against a set of previously published experimental data using the bifunctional spin label, RX. This method is relatively fast and can readily be used for both experimental analysis and protein modeling, providing significant advantages over modeling bifunctional labels with molecular dynamics simulations. Use of bifunctional labels for site directed spin labeling (SDSL) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy dramatically reduces label mobility, which can significantly improve resolution of small changes in protein backbone structure and dynamics. Coupling the use of bifunctional labels with side chain modeling methods allows for improved quantitative application of experimental SDSL EPR data to protein modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxx H. Tessmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98103, United States
| | - Stefan Stoll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98103, United States
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2
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Tessmer MH, Stoll S. chiLife: An open-source Python package for in silico spin labeling and integrative protein modeling. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1010834. [PMID: 37000838 PMCID: PMC10096462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we introduce chiLife, a Python package for site-directed spin label (SDSL) modeling for electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, in particular double electron-electron resonance (DEER). It is based on in silico attachment of rotamer ensemble representations of spin labels to protein structures. chiLife enables the development of custom protein analysis and modeling pipelines using SDSL EPR experimental data. It allows the user to add custom spin labels, scoring functions and spin label modeling methods. chiLife is designed with integration into third-party software in mind, to take advantage of the diverse and rapidly expanding set of molecular modeling tools available with a Python interface. This article describes the main design principles of chiLife and presents a series of examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxx H. Tessmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington United States of America
| | - Stefan Stoll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington United States of America
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3
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Methyl transfer reactions catalyzed by cobalamin-dependent enzymes: Insight from molecular docking. J Mol Graph Model 2020; 104:107831. [PMID: 33529932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2020.107831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Methyl transfer reactions, mediated by methyltransferases (MeTrs), such as methionine synthase (MetH) or monomethylamine: CoM (MtmBC), constitute one of the most important classes of vitamin B12-dependent reactions. The challenge in exploring the catalytic function of MeTrs is related to their modular structure. From the crystallographic point of view, the structure of each subunit has been determined, but there is a lack of understanding of how each subunit interacts with each other. So far, theoretical studies of methyl group transfer were carried out for the structural models of the active site of each subunit. However, those studies do not include the effect of the enzymatic environment, which is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of enzyme-mediated methyl transfer reactions. Herein, to explore how two subunits interact with each other and how the methyl transfer reaction is catalyzed by MeTrs, molecular docking of the functional units of MetH and MtmBC was carried out. Along with the interactions of the functional units, the reaction coordinates, including the Co-C bond distance for methylation of cob(I)alamin (CoICbl) and the C-S bond distance in demethylation reaction of cob(III)alamin (CoIIICbl), were considered. The functional groups should be arranged so that there is an appropriate distance to transfer a methyl group and present results indicate that steric interactions can limit the number of potential arrangements. This calls into question the possibility of SN2-type mechanism previously proposed for MeTrs. Further, it leads to the conclusion that the methyl transfer reaction involves some spatial changes of modules suggesting an alternate radical-based pathway for MeTrs-mediated methyl transfer reactions. The calculations also showed that changes in torsion angles induce a change in reaction coordinates, namely Co-C and C-S bond distances, for the methylation and demethylation reactions catalyzed both by MetH and MtmBC.
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Liou SH, Myers WK, Oswald JD, Britt RD, Goodin DB. Putidaredoxin Binds to the Same Site on Cytochrome P450cam in the Open and Closed Conformation. Biochemistry 2017; 56:4371-4378. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hao Liou
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Research
Group EPR Spectroscopy, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - William K. Myers
- Centre
for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Jason D. Oswald
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - R. David Britt
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - David B. Goodin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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5
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Sundaramoorthy R, Hughes AL, Singh V, Wiechens N, Ryan DP, El-Mkami H, Petoukhov M, Svergun DI, Treutlein B, Quack S, Fischer M, Michaelis J, Böttcher B, Norman DG, Owen-Hughes T. Structural reorganization of the chromatin remodeling enzyme Chd1 upon engagement with nucleosomes. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28332978 PMCID: PMC5391205 DOI: 10.7554/elife.22510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The yeast Chd1 protein acts to position nucleosomes across genomes. Here, we model the structure of the Chd1 protein in solution and when bound to nucleosomes. In the apo state, the DNA-binding domain contacts the edge of the nucleosome while in the presence of the non-hydrolyzable ATP analog, ADP-beryllium fluoride, we observe additional interactions between the ATPase domain and the adjacent DNA gyre 1.5 helical turns from the dyad axis of symmetry. Binding in this conformation involves unravelling the outer turn of nucleosomal DNA and requires substantial reorientation of the DNA-binding domain with respect to the ATPase domains. The orientation of the DNA-binding domain is mediated by sequences in the N-terminus and mutations to this part of the protein have positive and negative effects on Chd1 activity. These observations indicate that the unfavorable alignment of C-terminal DNA-binding region in solution contributes to an auto-inhibited state. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.22510.001
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda L Hughes
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Vijender Singh
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Wiechens
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel P Ryan
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Hassane El-Mkami
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Maxim Petoukhov
- Hamburg Outstation, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dmitri I Svergun
- Hamburg Outstation, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Treutlein
- Institute for Biophysics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Salina Quack
- Institute for Biophysics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Monika Fischer
- Institute for Biophysics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jens Michaelis
- Institute for Biophysics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bettina Böttcher
- Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Rudolf-Virchow Zentrum, Universitat Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - David G Norman
- Nucleic Acids Structure Research Group, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Owen-Hughes
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
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6
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Pagadala NS, Syed K, Tuszynski J. Software for molecular docking: a review. Biophys Rev 2017; 9:91-102. [PMID: 28510083 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-016-0247-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 654] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular docking methodology explores the behavior of small molecules in the binding site of a target protein. As more protein structures are determined experimentally using X-ray crystallography or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, molecular docking is increasingly used as a tool in drug discovery. Docking against homology-modeled targets also becomes possible for proteins whose structures are not known. With the docking strategies, the druggability of the compounds and their specificity against a particular target can be calculated for further lead optimization processes. Molecular docking programs perform a search algorithm in which the conformation of the ligand is evaluated recursively until the convergence to the minimum energy is reached. Finally, an affinity scoring function, ΔG [U total in kcal/mol], is employed to rank the candidate poses as the sum of the electrostatic and van der Waals energies. The driving forces for these specific interactions in biological systems aim toward complementarities between the shape and electrostatics of the binding site surfaces and the ligand or substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataraj S Pagadala
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, 6-020 Katz Group Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada.
| | - Khajamohiddin Syed
- Unit for Drug Discovery Research, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, 9300, Free State, South Africa
| | - Jack Tuszynski
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Ozboyaci M, Martinez M, Wade RC. An Efficient Low Storage and Memory Treatment of Gridded Interaction Fields for Simulations of Macromolecular Association. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 12:4563-77. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Musa Ozboyaci
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS), Schloss-Wolfsbrunnenweg 35, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Graduate School of Mathematical and Computational Methods for the Sciences, Heidelberg University, INF 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Martinez
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS), Schloss-Wolfsbrunnenweg 35, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rebecca C. Wade
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS), Schloss-Wolfsbrunnenweg 35, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg, DKFZ-ZMBH Allianz, INF 282, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, INF 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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de Vries SJ, Chauvot de Beauchêne I, Schindler CEM, Zacharias M. Cryo-EM Data Are Superior to Contact and Interface Information in Integrative Modeling. Biophys J 2016; 110:785-97. [PMID: 26846888 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions carry out a large variety of essential cellular processes. Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is a powerful technique for the modeling of protein-protein interactions at a wide range of resolutions, and recent developments have caused a revolution in the field. At low resolution, cryo-EM maps can drive integrative modeling of the interaction, assembling existing structures into the map. Other experimental techniques can provide information on the interface or on the contacts between the monomers in the complex. This inevitably raises the question regarding which type of data is best suited to drive integrative modeling approaches. Systematic comparison of the prediction accuracy and specificity of the different integrative modeling paradigms is unavailable to date. Here, we compare EM-driven, interface-driven, and contact-driven integrative modeling paradigms. Models were generated for the protein docking benchmark using the ATTRACT docking engine and evaluated using the CAPRI two-star criterion. At 20 Å resolution, EM-driven modeling achieved a success rate of 100%, outperforming the other paradigms even with perfect interface and contact information. Therefore, even very low resolution cryo-EM data is superior in predicting heterodimeric and heterotrimeric protein assemblies. Our study demonstrates that a force field is not necessary, cryo-EM data alone is sufficient to accurately guide the monomers into place. The resulting rigid models successfully identify regions of conformational change, opening up perspectives for targeted flexible remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd J de Vries
- Physik-Department T38, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany.
| | | | - Christina E M Schindler
- Physik-Department T38, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany; Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) at the Physics Department, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Martin Zacharias
- Physik-Department T38, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany; Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) at the Physics Department, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
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Zha D, Zhang H, Zhang H, Xu L, Yan Y. N-terminal transmembrane domain of lipase LipA from Pseudomonas protegens Pf-5: A must for its efficient folding into an active conformation. Biochimie 2014; 105:165-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Edwards SJ, Moth CW, Kim S, Brandon S, Zhou Z, Cobb CE, Hustedt EJ, Beth AH, Smith JA, Lybrand TP. Automated structure refinement for a protein heterodimer complex using limited EPR spectroscopic data and a rigid-body docking algorithm: a three-dimensional model for an ankyrin-CDB3 complex. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:4717-26. [PMID: 24758720 PMCID: PMC4018176 DOI: 10.1021/jp4099705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We report here specialized functions
incorporated recently in the
rigid-body docking software toolkit TagDock to utilize electron paramagnetic
resonance derived (EPR-derived) interresidue distance measurements
and spin-label accessibility data. The TagDock package extensions
include a custom methanethiosulfonate spin label rotamer library to
enable explicit, all-atom spin-label side-chain modeling and scripts
to evaluate spin-label surface accessibility. These software enhancements
enable us to better utilize the biophysical data routinely available
from various spin-labeling experiments. To illustrate the power and
utility of these tools, we report the refinement of an ankyrin:CDB3
complex model that exhibits much improved agreement with the EPR distance
measurements, compared to model structures published previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Edwards
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, §Department of Biochemistry, ∥Department of Pharmacology, ⊥Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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