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Hu Y, Hou Y, Wang H, Lu H. Polysarcosine as an Alternative to PEG for Therapeutic Protein Conjugation. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:2232-2238. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Balinsky CA, Schmeisser H, Ganesan S, Singh K, Pierson TC, Zoon KC. Nucleolin interacts with the dengue virus capsid protein and plays a role in formation of infectious virus particles. J Virol 2013; 87:13094-106. [PMID: 24027323 PMCID: PMC3838225 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00704-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus that can cause severe disease in humans and is considered a reemerging pathogen of significant importance to public health. The DENV capsid (C) protein functions as a structural component of the infectious virion; however, it may have additional functions in the virus replicative cycle. Here, we show that the DENV C protein interacts and colocalizes with the multifunctional host protein nucleolin (NCL). Furthermore, we demonstrate that this interaction can be disrupted by the addition of an NCL binding aptamer (AS1411). Knockdown of NCL with small interfering RNA (siRNA) or treatment of cells with AS1411 results in a significant reduction of viral titers after DENV infection. Western blotting and quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed no differences in viral RNA or protein levels at early time points postinfection, suggesting a role for NCL in viral morphogenesis. We support this hypothesis by showing that treatment with AS1411 alters the migration characteristics of the viral capsid, as visualized by native electrophoresis. Here, we identify a critical interaction between DENV C protein and NCL that represents a potential new target for the development of antiviral therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey A. Balinsky
- Cytokine Biology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hana Schmeisser
- Cytokine Biology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sundar Ganesan
- Biological Imaging Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kavita Singh
- Structural Biology Unit, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Theodore C. Pierson
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kathryn C. Zoon
- Cytokine Biology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Altschuh D, Björkelund H, Strandgård J, Choulier L, Malmqvist M, Andersson K. Deciphering complex protein interaction kinetics using Interaction Map. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 428:74-9. [PMID: 23063847 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cellular receptor systems are expected to present complex ligand interaction patterns that cannot be evaluated assuming a simple one ligand:one receptor interaction model. We have previously evaluated heterogeneous interactions using an alternative method to regression analysis, called Interaction Map (IM). IM decomposes a time-resolved binding curve into its separate components. By replacing the reductionistic, scalar kinetic association rate constant k(a) and dissociation rate constant k(d) with a two-dimensional distribution of k(a) and k(d), it is possible to display heterogeneous data as a map where each peak corresponds to one of the components that contribute to the cumulative binding curve. Here we challenge the Interaction Map approach by artificially generating heterogeneous data from two known interactions, on either LigandTracer or Surface Plasmon Resonance devices. We prove the ability of IM to accurately decompose these man-made heterogeneous binding curves composed of two different interactions. We conclude that the Interaction Map approach is well suited for the analysis of complex binding data and forecast that it has a potential to resolve previously uninterpretable data, in particular those generated in cell-based assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danièle Altschuh
- Biotechnologie et signalisation cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Irebs-ESBS, Boulevard Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France.
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Gjelstrup LC, Kaspersen JD, Behrens MA, Pedersen JS, Thiel S, Kingshott P, Oliveira CLP, Thielens NM, Vorup-Jensen T. The role of nanometer-scaled ligand patterns in polyvalent binding by large mannan-binding lectin oligomers. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:1292-306. [PMID: 22219330 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) is an important protein of the innate immune system and protects the body against infection through opsonization and activation of the complement system on surfaces with an appropriate presentation of carbohydrate ligands. The quaternary structure of human MBL is built from oligomerization of structural units into polydisperse complexes typically with three to eight structural units, each containing three lectin domains. Insight into the connection between the structure and ligand-binding properties of these oligomers has been lacking. In this article, we present an analysis of the binding to neoglycoprotein-coated surfaces by size-fractionated human MBL oligomers studied with small-angle x-ray scattering and surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. The MBL oligomers bound to these surfaces mainly in two modes, with dissociation constants in the micro to nanomolar order. The binding kinetics were markedly influenced by both the density of ligands and the number of ligand-binding domains in the oligomers. These findings demonstrated that the MBL-binding kinetics are critically dependent on structural characteristics on the nanometer scale, both with regard to the dimensions of the oligomer, as well as the ligand presentation on surfaces. Therefore, our work suggested that the surface binding of MBL involves recognition of patterns with dimensions on the order of 10-20 nm. The recent understanding that the surfaces of many microbes are organized with structural features on the nanometer scale suggests that these properties of MBL ligand recognition potentially constitute an important part of the pattern-recognition ability of these polyvalent oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise C Gjelstrup
- Biophysical Immunology Laboratory, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Brautigam CA. Using Lamm-Equation modeling of sedimentation velocity data to determine the kinetic and thermodynamic properties of macromolecular interactions. Methods 2011; 54:4-15. [PMID: 21187153 PMCID: PMC3147155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2010.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Revised: 12/12/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of macromolecules with themselves and with other macromolecules is fundamental to the functioning of living systems. Recent advances in the analysis of sedimentation velocity (SV) data obtained by analytical ultracentrifugation allow the experimenter to determine important features of such interactions, including the equilibrium association constant and information about the kinetic off-rate of the interaction. The determination of these parameters is made possible by the ability of modern software to fit numerical solutions of the Lamm Equation with kinetic considerations directly to SV data. Herein, the SV analytical advances implemented in the software package SEDPHAT are summarized. Detailed analyses of SV data using these strategies are presented. Finally, a few highlights of recent literature reports that feature this type of SV data analysis are surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad A Brautigam
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-8816, USA.
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Schmeisser H, Mejido J, Balinsky CA, Morrow AN, Clark CR, Zhao T, Zoon KC. Identification of alpha interferon-induced genes associated with antiviral activity in Daudi cells and characterization of IFIT3 as a novel antiviral gene. J Virol 2010; 84:10671-80. [PMID: 20686046 PMCID: PMC2950578 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00818-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel assay was developed for Daudi cells in which the antiviral (AV) and antiproliferative (AP) activities of interferon (IFN) can be measured simultaneously. Using this novel assay, conditions allowing IFN AV protection but no growth inhibition were identified and selected. Daudi cells were treated under these conditions, and gene expression microarray analyses were performed. The results of the analysis identified 25 genes associated with IFN-α AV activity. Upregulation of 23 IFN-induced genes was confirmed by using reverse transcription-PCR. Of 25 gene products, 17 were detected by Western blotting at 24 h. Of the 25 genes, 10 have not been previously linked to AV activity of IFN-α. The most upregulated gene was IFIT3 (for IFN-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 3). The results from antibody neutralizing experiments suggested an association of the identified genes with IFN-α AV activity. This association was strengthened by results from IFIT3-small interfering RNA transfection experiments showing decreased expression of IFIT3 and a reduction in the AV activity induced by IFN-α. Overexpression of IFIT3 resulted in a decrease of virus titer. Transcription of AV genes after the treatment of cells with higher concentrations of IFN having an AP effect on Daudi cells suggested pleiotropic functions of identified gene products.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Schmeisser
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - J. Mejido
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - C. A. Balinsky
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - A. N. Morrow
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - C. R. Clark
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - T. Zhao
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - K. C. Zoon
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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Rich RL, Myszka DG. Survey of the year 2007 commercial optical biosensor literature. J Mol Recognit 2008; 21:355-400. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Brown PH, Balbo A, Schuck P. Characterizing protein-protein interactions by sedimentation velocity analytical ultracentrifugation. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN IMMUNOLOGY 2008; Chapter 18:18.15.1-18.15.39. [PMID: 18491296 DOI: 10.1002/0471142735.im1815s81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This unit introduces the basic principles and practice of sedimentation velocity analytical ultracentrifugation for the study of reversible protein interactions, such as the characterization of self-association, heterogeneous association, multi-protein complexes, binding stoichiometry, and the determination of association constants. The analytical tools described include sedimentation coefficient and molar mass distributions, multi-signal sedimentation coefficient distributions, Gilbert-Jenkins theory, different forms of isotherms, and global Lamm equation modeling. Concepts for the experimental design are discussed, and a detailed step-by-step protocol guiding the reader through the experiment and the data analysis is available as an Internet resource.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Balbo
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Peter Schuck
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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