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Chuang SH, Chen KJ, Cheng YT, Chen YS, Lin SY, Chou HY, Tsai HC. A thermo-responsive chemically crosslinked long-term-release chitosan hydrogel system increases the efficiency of synergy chemo-immunotherapy in treating brain tumors. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:135894. [PMID: 39322160 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive and common brain tumor. The blood-brain barrier prevents several treatments from reaching the tumor. This study proposes a Chemo-Immunotherapy synergy treatment chemically crosslinked hydrogel system that is injected into the tumor to treat GBM. The strategy uses doxorubicin and BMS-1 with a thermo-responsive and chemically crosslinked hydrogel for extended drug release into the affected area. The hydrogels are produced by mixing with Chitosan (Chi), modified Pluronic F-127 (PF-127) with aldehyde end group and doxorubicin and then chemically crosslinking the aldehyde and amine bonds to increase the drug retention time. PF-127-CHO/Chi, which gels at body temperatures and chemically crosslinks between PF-127-CHO and Chitosan, increases the time that the drug remains in the affected area and prevents the hydrogel from swelling and compressing surrounding tissue. The drug is released from the chemically crosslinked hydrogels, prevents tumor progression and increases survival for subjects with GBM tumors. The Synergy Chemo-Immunotherapy also allows more efficient treatment of GBM than chemotherapy. The PF-127-CHO/Chi DOX and BMS-1 group have a tumor that is 43 times smaller than the untreated group. These results show that the proposed chemically crosslinking hydrogel is an efficient intratumoral delivery platform for the treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Hao Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ju Chen
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shuan Chen
- Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Shuian-Yin Lin
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Center, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, 310, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ying Chou
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Hsieh-Chih Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Advanced Membrane Materials Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan; R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan.
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2
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Zhao M, Cho SH, Wu X, Mao J, Vogt BD, Zacharia NS. Covalently crosslinked coacervates: immobilization and stabilization of proteins with enhanced enzymatic activity. SOFT MATTER 2024. [PMID: 39291470 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00765d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Coacervates represent models for membrane-free protocells and thus provide a simple route to synthetic cellular-like systems that provide selective encapsulation of solutes. Here, we demonstrate a simple and versatile post-coacervation crosslink method using the thiol-ene click reaction in aqueous media to prepare covalently crosslinked coacervates. The crosslinking of the coacervate enables stability at extreme pH where the uncrosslinked coacervate fully disassembles. The crosslinking also enhances the hydrophobicity within the coacervate environment to increase the encapsulation efficiency of bovine serum albumin (BSA), as compared to the uncrosslinked coacervate. Additionally, the crosslinked coacervate increases the stabilization of BSA at low pH. These crosslinked coacervates can act as carriers for enzymes. The enzymatic activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is enhanced within the crosslinked coacervate compared to the ALP in aqueous solution. The post-coacervation crosslink approach allows the utilization of coacervates for encapsulation of biologicals under conditions where the coacervate would generally disassemble. We demonstrate that these crosslinked coacervates enable the protection of encapsulated protein against denaturation at extreme pH and enhance the enzymatic activity with encapsulation. This click approach to stabilization of coacervates should be broadly applicable to other systems for a variety of biologics and environmentally sensitive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Zhao
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron OH 44325, USA
| | - Szu-Hao Cho
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron OH 44325, USA
| | - Xinchi Wu
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron OH 44325, USA
| | - Jingyi Mao
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron OH 44325, USA
| | - Bryan D Vogt
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron OH 44325, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Nicole S Zacharia
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron OH 44325, USA
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3
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Ramos Ferrer P, Sakiyama-Elbert S. Affinity-based drug delivery systems for the central nervous system: exploiting molecular interactions for local, precise targeting. J Neural Eng 2024; 21:041004. [PMID: 39059438 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad680a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Objective: The effective treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders remains a significant challenge, primarily due to its molecular and structural complexity. Clinical translation of promising therapeutic agents is limited by the lack of optimal drug delivery systems capable of targeted, localized release of drugs to the brain and spinal cord.Approach: This review provides an overview of the potential of affinity-based drug delivery systems, which leverage molecular interactions to enhance the delivery and efficacy of therapeutic agents within the CNS.Main results: Various approaches, including hydrogels, micro- and nanoparticles, and functionalized biomaterials, are examined for their ability to provide local, sustained release of proteins, growth factors and other drugs.Significance: Furthermore, we present a detailed analysis of design considerations for developing effective affinity-based systems, incorporating insights from both existing literature and our group's research. These considerations include the biochemical modification of delivery vehicles and the optimization of physical and chemical properties to improve therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Ramos Ferrer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Shelly Sakiyama-Elbert
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
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4
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Bulondo F, Babensee JE. Optimization of Interleukin-10 incorporation for dendritic cells embedded in Poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024; 112:1317-1336. [PMID: 38562052 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Translational research in biomaterials and immunoengineering is leading to the development of novel advanced therapeutics to treat diseases such as cancer, autoimmunity, and viral infections. Dendritic cells (DCs) are at the center of these therapeutics given that they bridge innate and adaptive immunity. The biomaterial system developed herein uses a hydrogel carrier to deliver immunomodulatory DCs for amelioration of autoimmunity. This biomaterial vehicle is comprised of a poly (ethylene glycol)-4 arm maleimide (PEG-4MAL) hydrogels, conjugated with the immunosuppressive cytokine, interleukin-10, IL-10, and cross-linked with a collagenase-degradable peptide sequence for the injectable delivery of immunosuppressive DCs to an anatomical disease-relevant site of the cervical lymph nodes, for intended application to treat multiple sclerosis. The amount of IL-10 incorporated in the hydrogel was optimized to be 500 ng in vitro, based on immunological endpoints. At this concentration, DCs exhibited the best viability, most immunosuppressive phenotype, and protection against proinflammatory insult as compared with hydrogel-incorporated DCs with lower IL-10 loading amounts. Additionally, the effect of the degradability of the PEG-4MAL hydrogel on the release rate of incorporated IL-10 was assessed by varying the ratio of degradable peptides: VPM (degradable) and DTT (nondegradable) and measuring the IL-10 release rates. This IL-10-conjugated hydrogel delivery system for immunosuppressive DCs is set to be assessed for in vivo functionality as the immunosuppressive cytokine provides a tolerogenic environment that keeps DCs in their immature phenotype, which consequently enhances cell viability and optimizes the system's immunomodulatory functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrick Bulondo
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Julia E Babensee
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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5
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Liu H, Yu J, Hieawy A, Hu Z, Tay FR, Shen Y. Design and evaluation of an MMP-9-responsive hydrogel for vital pulp therapy. J Dent 2024; 146:105020. [PMID: 38670329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To design and evaluate a matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9)-responsive hydrogel for vital pulp therapy. METHODS A peptide linker with optimized sensitivity toward MMP-9 was crosslinked with 4-arm poly (ethylene glycol)-norbornene (PEG-NB) by thiol-norbornene photo-polymerization. This resulted in the formation of a hydrogel network in which the peptide IDR-1002 was incorporated. Hydrogel characterization and gelation kinetics were examined with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, rheological testing, and swelling evaluation. Hydrogel degradation was examined through multiple exposure to pre-activated MMP-9, to simulate flare-ups of dental pulp inflammation. The IDR-1002 released from degraded hydrogels was measured with high-performance liquid chromatography. Effect of IDR-1002 released from hydrogels on one-week-old multispecies oral biofilms was evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS MMP-9-responsive, injectable, and photo-crosslinkable hydrogels were successfully synthesized. When hydrogel degradation and release of IDR-1002 were examined with exposure to pre-activated MMP-9, IDR-1002 release was significantly correlated with elevated levels of MMP-9 (p < 0.05). The effectiveness of IDR-1002 in killing bacteria in multispecies oral biofilms was significantly enhanced when the hydrogels were immersed in 10 nM or 20 nM pre-activated MMP-9, compared to immersion in phosphate-buffered saline (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The MMP-9-responsive hydrogel is a promising candidate for on-demand delivery of bioactive agent in vital pulp therapy. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE MMP-9 is one of the most important diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for pulpitis. An MMP-9-responsive hydrogel has potential to be used as an in-situ on-demand release system for the diagnosis and treatment of dental pulp inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Liu
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jian Yu
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ahmed Hieawy
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ziqiu Hu
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Franklin R Tay
- Department of Endodontics, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
| | - Ya Shen
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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6
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Mahboubi Kancha M, Mehrabi M, Aghaie F, Bitaraf FS, Dehghani F, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Preparation and characterization of PVA/chitosan nanofibers loaded with Dragon's blood or poly helixan as wound dressings. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132844. [PMID: 38834119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Nanofibers have been investigated in regenerative medicine. Dragon's blood (DB)- and poly helixan PF (PHPF) are natural materials used in cosmetics. Herein, we generated DB- and PHPF-loaded polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan (PVA/CS/DB and PVA/CS/PHPF, respectively) nanofibers. PVA/CS/DB and PVA/CS/PHPF nanofibers had an average diameter of 547.5 ± 17.13 and 521 ± 24.67 nm, respectively as assessed by SEM, and a degradation rate of 43.1 and 47.6 % after 14 days, respectively. PVA/CS/DB and PVA/CS/PHPF nanofibers had a hemolysis rate of 0.10 and 0.39 %, respectively, and a water vapor transmission rate of ∼2200 g.m-2.day-1. These nanofibers exhibited favorable antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis in vitro. PVA/CS/DB and PVA/CS/PHPF nanofibers demonstrated a sustained release of 77.91 and 76.55 % over 72 h. PVA/CS/DB and PVA/CS/PHPF nanofibers had a high rate of cytocompatibility and significantly improved the viability of NIH/3T3 cells as compared with free drugs or unloaded nanofibers. Histological inspection via H&E and Verhoeff's staining demonstrated PVA/CS/DB and PVA/CS/PHPF nanofibers enhanced the wound healing and damaged tissue recovery of unsplinted wound models by promoting epithelial layer formation, collagen deposition, and enhancing the presence of fibroblasts. Conclusively, PVA/CS/DB and PVA/CS/PHPF can be introduced as potential wound dressing candidates with favorable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maral Mahboubi Kancha
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran; Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mehrabi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
| | - Faeze Aghaie
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadat Bitaraf
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Dehghani
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Innsbruck, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
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7
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Degirmenci A, Sanyal R, Sanyal A. Metal-Free Click-Chemistry: A Powerful Tool for Fabricating Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:433-452. [PMID: 38516745 PMCID: PMC11036366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Increasing interest in the utilization of hydrogels in various areas of biomedical sciences ranging from biosensing and drug delivery to tissue engineering has necessitated the synthesis of these materials using efficient and benign chemical transformations. In this regard, the advent of "click" chemistry revolutionized the design of hydrogels and a range of efficient reactions was utilized to obtain hydrogels with increased control over their physicochemical properties. The ability to apply the "click" chemistry paradigm to both synthetic and natural polymers as hydrogel precursors further expanded the utility of this chemistry in network formation. In particular, the ability to integrate clickable handles at predetermined locations in polymeric components enables the formation of well-defined networks. Although, in the early years of "click" chemistry, the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition was widely employed, recent years have focused on the use of metal-free "click" transformations, since residual metal impurities may interfere with or compromise the biological function of such materials. Furthermore, many of the non-metal-catalyzed "click" transformations enable the fabrication of injectable hydrogels, as well as the fabrication of microstructured gels using spatial and temporal control. This review article summarizes the recent advances in the fabrication of hydrogels using various metal-free "click" reactions and highlights the applications of thus obtained materials. One could envision that the use of these versatile metal-free "click" reactions would continue to revolutionize the design of functional hydrogels geared to address unmet needs in biomedical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysun Degirmenci
- Department
of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
| | - Rana Sanyal
- Department
of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
- Center
for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici
University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
| | - Amitav Sanyal
- Department
of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
- Center
for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici
University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
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8
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Bebiano LB, Presa R, Vieira F, Lourenço BN, Pereira RF. Bioinspired and Photo-Clickable Thiol-Ene Bioinks for the Extrusion Bioprinting of Mechanically Tunable 3D Skin Models. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:228. [PMID: 38667239 PMCID: PMC11048463 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9040228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioinks play a fundamental role in skin bioprinting, dictating the printing fidelity, cell response, and function of bioprinted 3D constructs. However, the range of bioinks that support skin cells' function and aid in the bioprinting of 3D skin equivalents with tailorable properties and customized shapes is still limited. In this study, we describe a bioinspired design strategy for bioengineering double crosslinked pectin-based bioinks that recapitulate the mechanical properties and the presentation of cell-adhesive ligands and protease-sensitive domains of the dermal extracellular matrix, supporting the bioprinting of bilayer 3D skin models. Methacrylate-modified pectin was used as a base biomaterial enabling hydrogel formation via either chain-growth or step-growth photopolymerization and providing independent control over bioink rheology, as well as the mechanical and biochemical cues of cell environment. By tuning the concentrations of crosslinker and polymer in bioink formulation, dermal constructs were bioprinted with a physiologically relevant range of stiffnesses that resulted in strikingly site-specific differences in the morphology and spreading of dermal fibroblasts. We also demonstrated that the developed thiol-ene photo-clickable bioinks allow for the bioprinting of skin models of varying shapes that support dermis and epidermis reconstruction. Overall, the engineered bioinks expand the range of printable biomaterials for the extrusion bioprinting of 3D cell-laden hydrogels and provide a versatile platform to study the impact of material cues on cell fate, offering potential for in vitro skin modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís B. Bebiano
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rafaela Presa
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisca Vieira
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bianca N. Lourenço
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rúben F. Pereira
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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9
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Dimmitt N, Lin CC. Degradable and Multifunctional PEG-Based Hydrogels Formed by iEDDA Click Chemistry with Stable Click-Induced Supramolecular Interactions. Macromolecules 2024; 57:1556-1568. [PMID: 38435678 PMCID: PMC10903513 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c01855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (iEDDA) reactions are highly efficient click chemistry increasingly utilized in bioconjugation, live cell labeling, and the synthesis and modification of biomaterials. iEDDA click reactions have also been used to cross-link tetrazine (Tz) and norbornene (NB) modified macromers [e.g., multiarm poly(ethylene glycol) or PEG]. In these hydrogels, Tz-NB adducts exhibit stable supramolecular interactions with a high hydrolytic stability. Toward engineering a new class of PEG-based click hydrogels with highly adaptable properties, we previously reported a new group of NB-derivatized PEG macromers via reacting hydroxyl-terminated PEG with carbic anhydride (CA). In this work, we show that hydrogels cross-linked by PEGNBCA or its derivatives exhibited fast and tunable hydrolytic degradation. Here, we show that PEGNBCA (either mono- or octafunctional) and its dopamine or tyramine conjugated derivatives (i.e., PEGNB-D and PEGNB-T) readily cross-link with 4-arm PEG-Tz to form a novel class of multifunctional iEDDA click hydrogels. Through modularly adjusting the macromers with unstable and stable iEDDA click-induced supramolecular interactions (iEDDA-CSI), we achieved highly tunable degradation, with full degradation in less than 2 weeks to over two months. We also show that secondary enzymatic reactions could dynamically stiffen these hydrogels. These hydrogels could also be spatiotemporally photopatterned through visible light-initiated photochemistry. Finally, the iEDDA-CSI hydrogels post ester hydrolysis displayed shear-thinning and self-healing properties, enabling injectable delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan
H. Dimmitt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Purdue School of Engineering & Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Chien-Chi Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Purdue School of Engineering & Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
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10
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Jalloh US, Gsell A, Gultian KA, MacAulay J, Madden A, Smith J, Siri L, Vega SL. Synthesis and Photopatterning of Synthetic Thiol-Norbornene Hydrogels. Gels 2024; 10:164. [PMID: 38534582 DOI: 10.3390/gels10030164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are a class of soft biomaterials and the material of choice for a myriad of biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility and highly tunable mechanical and biochemical properties. Specifically, light-mediated thiol-norbornene click reactions between norbornene-modified macromers and di-thiolated crosslinkers can be used to form base hydrogels amenable to spatial biochemical modifications via subsequent light reactions between pendant norbornenes in the hydrogel network and thiolated peptides. Macromers derived from natural sources (e.g., hyaluronic acid, gelatin, alginate) can cause off-target cell signaling, and this has motivated the use of synthetic macromers such as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). In this study, commercially available 8-arm norbornene-modified PEG (PEG-Nor) macromers were reacted with di-thiolated crosslinkers (dithiothreitol, DTT) to form synthetic hydrogels. By varying the PEG-Nor weight percent or DTT concentration, hydrogels with a stiffness range of 3.3 kPa-31.3 kPa were formed. Pendant norbornene groups in these hydrogels were used for secondary reactions to either increase hydrogel stiffness (by reacting with DTT) or to tether mono-thiolated peptides to the hydrogel network. Peptide functionalization has no effect on bulk hydrogel mechanics, and this confirms that mechanical and biochemical signals can be independently controlled. Using photomasks, thiolated peptides can also be photopatterned onto base hydrogels, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) attach and spread on RGD-functionalized PEG-Nor hydrogels. MSCs encapsulated in PEG-Nor hydrogels are also highly viable, demonstrating the ability of this platform to form biocompatible hydrogels for 2D and 3D cell culture with user-defined mechanical and biochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umu S Jalloh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Arielle Gsell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Kirstene A Gultian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - James MacAulay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Abigail Madden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Jillian Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Luke Siri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Sebastián L Vega
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
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11
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Fraile-Gutiérrez I, Iglesias S, Acosta N, Revuelta J. Chitosan-based oral hydrogel formulations of β-galactosidase to improve enzyme supplementation therapy for lactose intolerance. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 255:127755. [PMID: 37935291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
β-Galactosidase supplementation plays an important role in the life of people with lactose intolerance. However, these formulations are rendered ineffective by the low pH and pepsin in the stomach and pancreatic proteases in the intestine. Therefore, it is necessary to develop oral transport systems for carrying this enzyme in the active form up to the intestine, where the lactose digestion occurs. In this research, a new hydrogel was developed that could potentially be used for enzyme supplement therapy. In this regard, the chitosan-based β-Gal formulations described in the manuscript are an alternative long-acting preparation to the so far available preparations that allow for enzyme protection and mucosal targeting. These hydrogels were prepared from chitosan and polyethylene glycol and contained a covalently immobilized β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae. The β-galactosidase in the hydrogel was protected from degradation in a gastric medium at a pH of 2.5 and retained 75 % of its original activity under subsequent intestinal conditions. In the case of a simulated gastric fluid with a pH of 1.5, a copolymer containing methacrylic acid functional groups was sufficient to protect the hybrid hydrogel from the extremely acidic pH. In addition, the surface of the hydrogel was chemically modified with thiol and amidine groups, which increased the binding to intestinal mucin by 20 % compared with the unmodified hydrogel. These results represent a promising approach for oral transport as a reservoir for β-galactosidase in the small intestine to reduce the symptoms of hypolactasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Fraile-Gutiérrez
- BioGlycoChem Group, Departamento de Química Bio-Orgánica, Instituto de Química Orgánica General, CSIC (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Infiqus, S.L. Instituto de Estudios Biofuncionales - UCM, Paseo Juan XXIII 1, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Iglesias
- BioGlycoChem Group, Departamento de Química Bio-Orgánica, Instituto de Química Orgánica General, CSIC (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Niuris Acosta
- Infiqus, S.L. Instituto de Estudios Biofuncionales - UCM, Paseo Juan XXIII 1, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Julia Revuelta
- BioGlycoChem Group, Departamento de Química Bio-Orgánica, Instituto de Química Orgánica General, CSIC (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Morrison N, Vogel BM. Factors That Influence Base-Catalyzed Thiol-Ene Hydrogel Synthesis. Gels 2023; 9:917. [PMID: 37999007 PMCID: PMC10671550 DOI: 10.3390/gels9110917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Injectable, localized drug delivery using hydrogels made from ethoxylated trimethylolpropane tri-3-mercaptopropionate (ETTMP) and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) has shown great potential due to these hydrogels' ability to exhibit non-swelling behavior and tunable drug release properties. However, current synthesis methods in the literature suffer from poor ETTMP solubility in water, slow gelation times exceeding 20 min, and a lack of reproducibility. To address these limitations, we have developed a reliable synthesis procedure and conducted a sensitivity analysis of key variables. This has enabled us to synthesize ETTMP-PEGDA hydrogels in a polymer concentration range of 15 to 90 wt% with gelation times of less than 2 min and moduli ranging from 3.5 to 190 kPa. We overcame two synthesis limitations by identifying the impact of residual mercaptopropionic acid and alumina purification column height on gelation time and by premixing ETTMP and PEGDA to overcome low ETTMP solubility in water. Our ETTMP-PEGDA mixture can be stored at -20 °C for up to 2 months without crosslinking, allowing easy storage and shipment. These and previous results demonstrate the potential of ETTMP-PEGDA hydrogels as promising candidates for injectable, localized drug delivery with tunable drug release properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brandon M. Vogel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA;
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13
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Jiang Z, Jiang K, Si H, McBride R, Kisiday J, Oakey J. One Step Encapsulation of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in PEG Norbornene Microgels for Therapeutic Actions. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:6322-6332. [PMID: 37831923 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Cell therapies require control over the cellular response under standardized conditions to ensure continuous delivery of therapeutic agents. Cell encapsulation in biomaterials can be particularly effective at providing cells with a uniformly supportive and permissive cell microenvironment. In this study, two microfluidic droplet device designs were used to successfully encapsulate equine mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) into photopolymerized polyethylene glycol norbornene (PEGNB) microscale (∼100-200 μm) hydrogel particles (microgels) in a single on-chip step. To overcome the slow cross-linking kinetics of thiol-ene reactions, long dithiol linkers were used in combination with a polymerization chamber customized to achieve precise retention time for microgels while maintaining cytocompatibility. Thus, homogeneous cell-laden microgels could be continuously fabricated in a high-throughput fashion. Varying linker length mediated both the gel formation rate and material physical properties (stiffness, mass transport, and mesh size) of fabricated microgels. Postencapsulation cell viability and therapeutic indicators of MSCs were evaluated over 14 days, during which the viability remained at least 90%. Gene expression of selected cytokines was not adversely affected by microencapsulation compared to monolayer MSCs. Notably, PEGNB-3.5k microgels rendered significant elevation in FGF-2 and TGF-β on the transcription level, and conditioned media collected from these cultures showed robust promotion in the migration and proliferation of fibroblasts. Collectively, standardized MSC on-chip encapsulation will lead to informed and precise translation to clinical studies, ultimately advancing a variety of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongliang Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| | - Kun Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| | - Hangjun Si
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China
| | - Ralph McBride
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| | - John Kisiday
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| | - John Oakey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
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14
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Morrison TX, Gramlich WM. Tunable, thiol-ene, interpenetrating network hydrogels of norbornene-modified carboxymethyl cellulose and cellulose nanofibrils. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 319:121173. [PMID: 37567714 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Carboxymethyl cellulose modified with norbornene groups (NorCMC) and cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) produced through mechanical refining without chemical pretreatment formed interpenetrating network hydrogels through a UV-light initiated thiol-ene reaction. The molar ratio of thiols in crosslinkers to norbornene groups off the NorCMC (T:N), total polymer weight percent in the hydrogel, and weight percent of CNFs of the total polymer content of the hydrogels were varied to control hydrogel properties. This method enabled orders of magnitude changes to behavior. Swelling in aqueous environments could be significant (>150 %) without CNFs to minimal (<15 %) with the use of 50 % CNFs. NorCMC and CNF networks interacted synergistically to create hydrogels with compression modulus values spanning 1 to 150 kPa - the values of most biological tissues. T:N and total polymer weight percent could be varied to create hydrogels with different CNF content, but the same compression modulus, targeting 10 and 100 kPa hydrogels and providing a system that can independently vary fibrillar content and bulk modulus. Analysis of the effective crosslinks, thiol-ene network mesh size, and burst release of the polymer indicated synergistic interactions of the NorCMC thiol-ene and CNFs networks. These interactions enhanced modulus and degradation control of the network under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William M Gramlich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA; Advanced Structures and Composites Center, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA; Institute of Medicine, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
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15
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Desai S, Carberry BJ, Anseth KS, Schultz KM. Characterizing rheological properties and microstructure of thioester networks during degradation. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:7429-7442. [PMID: 37743747 PMCID: PMC10714141 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00864a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Covalent adaptable networks are designed for applications including cell and drug delivery and tissue regeneration. These applications require network degradation at physiological conditions and on a physiological timescale with microstructures that can: (1) support, protect and deliver encapsulated cells or molecules and (2) provide structure to surrounding tissue. Due to this, the evolving microstructure and rheological properties during scaffold degradation must be characterized. In this work, we characterize degradation of covalent adaptable poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-thioester networks with different amounts of excess thiol. Networks are formed between PEG-thiol and PEG-thioester norbornene using photopolymerization. These networks are adaptable because of a thioester exchange reaction that takes place in the presence of excess thiol. We measure degradation of PEG-thioester networks with L-cysteine using multiple particle tracking microrheology (MPT). MPT measures the Brownian motion of fluorescent probe particles embedded in a material and relates this motion to rheological properties. Using time-cure superposition (TCS), we characterize the microstructure of these networks at the gel-sol phase transition by calculating the critical relaxation exponent, n, for each network with different amounts of excess thiol. Based on the measured n values, networks formed with 0% and 50% excess thiol are tightly cross-linked and elastic in nature. While networks formed with 100% excess are similar to ideal, percolated networks, which have equal viscous and elastic components. MPT measurements during degradation of these networks also measure a non-monotonic increase in probe motility. We hypothesize that this is network rearrangement near the phase transition. We then measure macroscopic material properties including the equilibrium modulus and stress relaxation. We measure a trend in bulk network properties that agrees with the values of n. Elastic modulus and stress relaxation measurements show that networks with 50% excess thiol are more elastic compared to the other two networks. As the amount of excess thiol is increased from 0% to 50%, the networks become more elastic. Further increasing excess thiol to 100% reduces the elastically effective cross-links. We hypothesize that these properties are due to network non-idealities, resulting in networks with 50% excess thiol that are more elastic. This work characterizes dynamic rheological properties during degradation, which mimics processes that could occur during implantation. This work provides information that can be used in the future design of implantable materials enabling both the rheological properties and timescale of degradation to be specified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Desai
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, 124 E Morton St, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA.
| | - Benjamin J Carberry
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Kristi S Anseth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Kelly M Schultz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, 124 E Morton St, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA.
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16
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Dorogin J, Hochstatter HB, Shepherd SO, Svendsen JE, Benz MA, Powers AC, Fear KM, Townsend JM, Prell JS, Hosseinzadeh P, Hettiaratchi MH. Moderate-Affinity Affibodies Modulate the Delivery and Bioactivity of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300793. [PMID: 37379021 PMCID: PMC10592408 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Uncontrolled bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) release can lead to off-target bone growth and other adverse events. To tackle this challenge, yeast surface display is used to identify unique BMP-2-specific protein binders known as affibodies that bind to BMP-2 with different affinities. Biolayer interferometry reveals an equilibrium dissociation constant of 10.7 nm for the interaction between BMP-2 and high-affinity affibody and 34.8 nm for the interaction between BMP-2 and the low-affinity affibody. The low-affinity affibody-BMP-2 interaction also exhibits an off-rate constant that is an order of magnitude higher. Computational modeling of affibody-BMP-2 binding predicts that the high- and low-affinity affibodies bind to two distinct sites on BMP-2 that function as different cell-receptor binding sites. BMP-2 binding to affibodies reduces expression of the osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in C2C12 myoblasts. Affibody-conjugated polyethylene glycol-maleimide hydrogels increase uptake of BMP-2 compared to affibody-free hydrogels, and high-affinity hydrogels exhibit lower BMP-2 release into serum compared to low-affinity hydrogels and affibody-free hydrogels over four weeks. Loading BMP-2 into affibody-conjugated hydrogels prolongs ALP activity of C2C12 myoblasts compared to soluble BMP-2. This work demonstrates that affibodies with different affinities can modulate BMP-2 delivery and activity, creating a promising approach for controlling BMP-2 delivery in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Dorogin
- Department of Bioengineering, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon. 6231 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
| | - Henry B. Hochstatter
- Department of Bioengineering, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon. 6231 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon. 1320 E 15 Ave., Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
| | - Samantha O. Shepherd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon. 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
| | - Justin E. Svendsen
- Department of Bioengineering, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon. 6231 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon. 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
| | - Morrhyssey A. Benz
- Department of Bioengineering, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon. 6231 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon. 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
| | - Andrew C. Powers
- Department of Bioengineering, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon. 6231 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
| | - Karly M. Fear
- Department of Bioengineering, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon. 6231 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
| | - Jakob M. Townsend
- Department of Bioengineering, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon. 6231 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
| | - James S. Prell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon. 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
| | - Parisa Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Bioengineering, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon. 6231 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon. 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
| | - Marian H. Hettiaratchi
- Department of Bioengineering, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon. 6231 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon. 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
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17
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Kwokdinata C, Ramanujam V, Chen J, de Oliveira PN, Nai MH, Chooi WH, Lim CT, Ng SY, David L, Chew SY. Encapsulation of Human Spinal Cord Progenitor Cells in Hyaluronan-Gelatin Hydrogel for Spinal Cord Injury Treatment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:50679-50692. [PMID: 37751213 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Transplanting human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-derived spinal cord progenitor cells (SCPCs) is a promising approach to treat spinal cord injuries. However, stem cell therapies face challenges in cell survival, cell localization to the targeted site, and the control of cell differentiation. Here, we encapsulated SCPCs in thiol-modified hyaluronan-gelatin hydrogels and optimized scaffold mechanical properties and cell encapsulation density to promote cell viability and neuronal differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Different compositions of hyaluronan-gelatin hydrogels formulated by varying concentrations of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate were mechanically characterized by using atomic force microscopy. In vitro SCPC encapsulation study showed higher cell viability and proliferation with lower substrate Young's modulus (200 Pa vs 580 Pa) and cell density. Moreover, the soft hydrogels facilitated a higher degree of neuronal differentiation with extended filament structures in contrast to clumped cellular morphologies obtained in stiff hydrogels (p < 0.01). When transplanted in vivo, the optimized SCPC-encapsulated hydrogels resulted in higher cell survival and localization at the transplanted region as compared to cell delivery without hydrogel encapsulation at 2 weeks postimplantation within the rat spinal cord (p < 0.01). Notably, immunostaining demonstrated that the hydrogel-encapsulated SCPCs differentiated along the neuronal and oligodendroglial lineages in vivo. The lack of pluripotency and proliferation also supported the safety of the SCPC transplantation approach. Overall, the injectable hyaluronan-gelatin hydrogel shows promise in supporting the survival and neural differentiation of human SCPCs after transplantation into the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy Kwokdinata
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Vaibavi Ramanujam
- CNRS@CREATE, Create Tower #08-01, 1 Create Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Jiahui Chen
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | | | - Mui Hoon Nai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Wai Hon Chooi
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Shi Yan Ng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Laurent David
- CNRS@CREATE, Create Tower #08-01, 1 Create Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères IMP UMR 5223, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne F69622, France
| | - Sing Yian Chew
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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18
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Cook AB, Palange A, Schlich M, Bellotti E, Brahmachari S, di Francesco M, Decuzzi P. Matrix metalloproteinase responsive hydrogel microplates for programmed killing of invasive tumour cells. RSC APPLIED POLYMERS 2023; 1:19-29. [PMID: 38013908 PMCID: PMC10540463 DOI: 10.1039/d3lp00057e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Interactive materials are an emerging class of systems that can offer control over response and adaptivity in polymer structures towards the meso- and macroscale. Here, we use enzyme regulated cleavage of peptide crosslinkers in polymer hydrogels to release a cytotoxic therapeutic nanoparticle with an adaptable mechanism. Hydrogel microplates were formed through polyethylene glycol/peptide photoinitiated thiol-ene chemistry in a soft-lithography process to give square plates of 20 by 20 μm with a height of 10 μm. The peptide was chosen to be degradable in the presence of matrix metalloproteinase 2/9 (MMP-2/9). The hydrogel material's mechanical properties, swelling, and protease degradation were characterised. The microfabricated hydrogels were loaded with docetaxel (DTXL) containing poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles, and characterised for enzyme responsivity, and toxicity to MMP-2/9 overexpressing brain cancer cell line U87-MG. A 5-fold decrease in EC50 was seen compared to free DTXL, and a 20-fold decrease was seen for the MMP responsive microplates versus a non-degradable control microplate. Potential applications of this system in post-resection glioblastoma treatment are envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B Cook
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Morego 16163 Genova Italy
| | - Annalisa Palange
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Morego 16163 Genova Italy
| | - Michele Schlich
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Morego 16163 Genova Italy
| | - Elena Bellotti
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Morego 16163 Genova Italy
| | - Sayanti Brahmachari
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Morego 16163 Genova Italy
| | - Martina di Francesco
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Morego 16163 Genova Italy
| | - Paolo Decuzzi
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Morego 16163 Genova Italy
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19
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Tanimoto R, Ebara M, Uto K. Tunable enzymatically degradable hydrogels for controlled cargo release with dynamic mechanical properties. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:6224-6233. [PMID: 37493066 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00475a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Here, we designed enzymatically degradable hydrogels with tunable mesh sizes and crosslinking points to evaluate the effectiveness of network structure estimations in predicting dynamic mechanical properties and cargo retention or release. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels were prepared through a thiol-ene click reaction between four- or eight-arm PEG functionalized with vinyl sulfone and cysteine residues of collagenase-degradable peptides to create well-defined, homogenous, and robust materials with a range of mesh sizes estimated from the elasticity theory or Flory-Rehner theory. Time-dependent changes in mechanical properties associated with hydrogel degradation, i.e., dynamics of storage modulus, which is determined by the relationship between the hydrogel mesh and enzyme sizes, were characterized. The shear modulus G' decreased by enzyme addition, and the degradation rate decreased with the initial crosslinking density of the hydrogel. The degradation rate could also be controlled with the reactivity of peptide sequences against collagenase. With these findings, the retention and release of FITC-dextran were successfully controlled by tuning the mesh size and degradability of the hydrogel. This report provides useful insights for designing hydrogels as cell scaffolds or functional molecular delivery matrices with tunable dynamic mechanical properties and the resulting release of loaded drugs or proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riho Tanimoto
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Ebara
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Koichiro Uto
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.
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20
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Pareja Tello R, Wang S, Fontana F, Correia A, Molinaro G, López Cerdà S, Hietala S, Hirvonen J, Barreto G, Santos HA. Fabrication of hydrogel microspheres via microfluidics using inverse electron demand Diels-Alder click chemistry-based tetrazine-norbornene for drug delivery and cell encapsulation applications. Biomater Sci 2023. [PMID: 37334482 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00292f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic on-chip production of polymeric hydrogel microspheres (MPs) can be designed for the loading of different biologically active cargos and living cells. Among different gelation strategies, ionically crosslinked microspheres generally show limited mechanical properties, meanwhile covalently crosslinked microspheres often require the use of crosslinking agents or initiators with limited biocompatibility. Inverse electron demand Diels Alder (iEDDA) click chemistry is a promising covalent crosslinking method with fast kinetics, high chemoselectivity, high efficiency and no cross-reactivity. Herein, in situ gellable iEDDA-crosslinked polymeric hydrogel microspheres are developed via water-in-oil emulsification (W/O) glass microfluidics. The microspheres are composed of two polyethylene glycol precursors modified with either tetrazine or norbornene as functional moieties. Using a single co-flow glass microfluidic platform, homogenous MPs of sizes 200-600 μm are developed and crosslinked within 2 minutes. The rheological properties of iEDDA crosslinked bulk hydrogels are maintained with a low swelling degree and a slow degradation behaviour under physiological conditions. Moreover, a high-protein loading capacity can be achieved, and the encapsulation of mammalian cells is possible. Overall, this work provides the possibility of developing microfluidics-produced iEDDA-crosslinked MPs as a potential drug vehicle and cell encapsulation system in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Pareja Tello
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.
| | - Shiqi Wang
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.
| | - Flavia Fontana
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.
| | - Alexandra Correia
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.
| | - Giuseppina Molinaro
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.
| | - Sandra López Cerdà
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.
| | - Sami Hietala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Jouni Hirvonen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.
| | - Goncalo Barreto
- Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Orton Orthopedic Hospital, Tenholantie 10, 00280, Helsinki, Finland
- Medical Ultrasonics Laboratory (MEDUSA), Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Ant. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Ant. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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21
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Yang SR, Wang R, Yan CJ, Lin YY, Yeh YJ, Yeh YY, Yeh YC. Ultrasonic interfacial crosslinking of TiO 2-based nanocomposite hydrogels through thiol-norbornene reactions for sonodynamic antibacterial treatment. Biomater Sci 2023. [PMID: 37128891 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01950g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanocomposite (NC) hydrogels used for sonodynamic therapy (SDT) face challenges such as lacking interfacial interactions between the polymers and nanomaterials as well as presenting uneven dispersion of nanomaterials in the hydrogel network, reducing their mechanical properties and treatment efficiency. Here, we demonstrate a promising approach of co-engineering nanomaterials and interfacial crosslinking to expand the materials construction and biomedical applications of NC hydrogels in SDT. In this work, mesoporous silica-coated titanium dioxide nanoparticles with thiolated surface functionalization (TiO2@MS-SH) are utilized as crosslinkers to react with norbornene-functionalized dextran (Nor-Dex) through ultrasound-triggered thiol-norbornene reactions, forming TiO2@MS-SH/Nor-Dex NC hydrogels. The TiO2@MS-SH nanoparticles act not only as multivalent crosslinkers to improve the mechanical properties of hydrogels under ultrasound irradiation but also as reactive oxygen species (ROS) generators to allow the use of TiO2@MS-SH/Nor-Dex NC hydrogels in SDT applications. Particularly, the TiO2@MS-SH/Nor-Dex NC hydrogels present tailorable microstructures, properties, and sonodynamic killing of bacteria through the modulation of the ultrasound frequency. Taken together, a versatile TiO2-based NC hydrogel platform prepared under ultrasonic interfacial crosslinking reactions is developed for advancing the applications in SDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Rung Yang
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Reuben Wang
- Institute of Food Safety and Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Master of Public Health Program, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- GIP-TRIAD Master's Degree in Agro-Biomedical Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Jie Yan
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Yun Lin
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Jia Yeh
- Institute of Food Safety and Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Yu Yeh
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Cheun Yeh
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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22
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Friend NE, McCoy AJ, Stegemann JP, Putnam AJ. A combination of matrix stiffness and degradability dictate microvascular network assembly and remodeling in cell-laden poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels. Biomaterials 2023; 295:122050. [PMID: 36812843 PMCID: PMC10191204 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The formation of functional capillary blood vessels that can sustain the metabolic demands of transplanted parenchymal cells remains one of the biggest challenges to the clinical realization of engineered tissues for regenerative medicine. As such, there remains a need to better understand the fundamental influences of the microenvironment on vascularization. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels have been widely adopted to interrogate the influence of matrix physicochemical properties on cellular phenotypes and morphogenetic programs, including the formation of microvascular networks, in part due to the ease with which their properties can be controlled. In this study, we co-encapsulated endothelial cells and fibroblasts in PEG-norbornene (PEGNB) hydrogels in which stiffness and degradability were tuned to assess their independent and synergistic effects on vessel network formation and cell-mediated matrix remodeling longitudinally. Specifically, we achieved a range of stiffnesses and differing rates of degradation by varying the crosslinking ratio of norbornenes to thiols and incorporating either one (sVPMS) or two (dVPMS) cleavage sites within the matrix metalloproteinase- (MMP-) sensitive crosslinker, respectively. In less degradable sVPMS gels, decreasing the crosslinking ratio (thereby decreasing the initial stiffness) supported enhanced vascularization. When degradability was increased in dVPMS gels, all crosslinking ratios supported robust vascularization regardless of initial mechanical properties. The vascularization in both conditions was coincident with the deposition of extracellular matrix proteins and cell-mediated stiffening, which was greater in dVPMS conditions after a week of culture. Collectively, these results indicate that enhanced cell-mediated remodeling of a PEG hydrogel, achieved either by reduced crosslinking or increased degradability, leads to more rapid vessel formation and higher degrees of cell-mediated stiffening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Friend
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Atticus J McCoy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Jan P Stegemann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Andrew J Putnam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
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23
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Vu TT, Gulfam M, Jo SH, Rizwan A, Joo SB, Lee B, Park SH, Lim KT. The effect of molecular weight and chemical structure of cross-linkers on the properties of redox-responsive hyaluronic acid hydrogels. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 238:124285. [PMID: 37004930 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we investigated the effect of the size and the chemical structure of crosslinkers on the properties of hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels prepared via an inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction. Hydrogels having loose and dense networks were designed by cross-linkers with and without polyethylene glycol (PEG) spacers of different molecular weights (1000 and 4000 g/mol). The study showed that the properties of hydrogels such as swelling ratios (20-55 times), morphology, stability, mechanical strength (storage modulus in the range 175-858 Pa), and drug loading efficiency (87 % ~ 90 %) were greatly influenced by the addition of PEG and changing its molecular weight in the cross-linker. Particularly, the presence of PEG chains in redox- responsive crosslinkers increased the doxorubicin release (85 %, after 168 h) and the degradation rate (96 %, after 10 d) of hydrogels in the simulated reducing medium (10 mM DTT). The in vitro cytotoxicity experiments conducted for HEK-293 cells revealed that the formulated hydrogels were biocompatible, which could be a promising candidate for drug delivery applications.
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24
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Laurano R, Boffito M, Cassino C, Midei L, Pappalardo R, Chiono V, Ciardelli G. Thiol-Ene Photo-Click Hydrogels with Tunable Mechanical Properties Resulting from the Exposure of Different -Ene Moieties through a Green Chemistry. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2024. [PMID: 36903139 PMCID: PMC10004734 DOI: 10.3390/ma16052024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Temperature and light responsiveness are widely exploited stimuli to tune the physico-chemical properties of double network hydrogels. In this work, new amphiphilic poly(ether urethane)s bearing photo-sensitive moieties (i.e., thiol, acrylate and norbornene functionalities) were engineered by exploiting the versatility of poly(urethane) chemistry and carbodiimide-mediated green functionalization procedures. Polymers were synthesized according to optimized protocols maximizing photo-sensitive group grafting while preserving their functionality (approx. 1.0 × 1019, 2.6 × 1019 and 8.1 × 1017 thiol, acrylate and norbornene groups/gpolymer), and exploited to prepare thermo- and Vis-light-responsive thiol-ene photo-click hydrogels (18% w/v, 1:1 thiol:ene molar ratio). Green light-induced photo-curing allowed the achievement of a much more developed gel state with improved resistance to deformation (ca. 60% increase in critical deformation, γL). Triethanolamine addition as co-initiator to thiol-acrylate hydrogels improved the photo-click reaction (i.e., achievement of a better-developed gel state). Differently, L-tyrosine addition to thiol-norbornene solutions slightly hindered cross-linking, resulting in less developed gels with worse mechanical performances (~62% γL decrease). In their optimized composition, thiol-norbornene formulations resulted in prevalent elastic behavior at lower frequency compared to thiol-acrylate gels due to the formation of purely bio-orthogonal instead of heterogeneous gel networks. Our findings highlight that exploiting the same thiol-ene photo-click chemistry, a fine tuning of the gel properties is possible by reacting specific functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Laurano
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Monica Boffito
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Claudio Cassino
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Ludovica Midei
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Roberta Pappalardo
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Valeria Chiono
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ciardelli
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy
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25
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Shinde SD, Kulkarni N, Sahu B. Synthesis and Investigation of Backbone Modified Squaramide Dipeptide Self-Assembly. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:507-518. [PMID: 36716238 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Dipeptides are minimalistic peptide building blocks that form well ordered structures through molecular self-assembly. The driving forces involved are cooperative noncovalent interactions such as π-π stacking, hydrogen bonding, and ionic as well as hydrophobic interactions. One of the most intriguing self-assembled motifs that has been extensively explored as a low molecular weight hydrogel for drug delivery, tissue engineering, imaging and techtonics, etc. is Phe-Phe (FF). The backbone of the dipeptide is very crucial for extending secondary structures in self-assembly, and any subtle change in the backbone drastically affect the molecular recognitions. The squaramide (SQ) motif has the unique advantage of hydrogen bonding which can promote the self-assembly process. In this work we have integrated the SQ unit into the dipeptide FF backbone to achieve molecular self-assembly. The resulting carbamate protected backbone modified dipeptide (BocFSAF-OH, 10) has exhibited molecular self-assembly with a fibrilar network. It formed a stable hydrogel (with CAC of 0.024 ± 0.0098 wt %) via the solvent switch method and was found to possess excellent enzymatic stability. The dipeptide and the resulting hydrogel were found to be cytocompatible. When integrated with a polysaccharide based biopolymer, e.g. sodium alginate, the resulting matrix exhibited strong hydrogel character. Therefore, the dipeptide hydrogel of 10 may find its applications in a variety of fields including drug delivery and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchita Dattatray Shinde
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380054, India
| | - Neeraj Kulkarni
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380054, India
| | - Bichismita Sahu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380054, India
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26
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Nguyen KD, Dejean S, Nottelet B, Gautrot JE. Mechanical Evaluation of Hydrogel-Elastomer Interfaces Generated through Thiol-Ene Coupling. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2023; 5:1364-1373. [PMID: 36817337 PMCID: PMC9926487 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.2c01878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The formation of hybrid hydrogel-elastomer scaffolds is an attractive strategy for the formation of tissue engineering constructs and microfabricated platforms for advanced in vitro models. The emergence of thiol-ene coupling, in particular radical-based, for the engineering of cell-instructive hydrogels and the design of elastomers raises the possibility of mechanically integrating these structures without relying on the introduction of additional chemical moieties. However, the bonding of hydrogels (thiol-ene radical or more classic acrylate/methacrylate radical-based) to thiol-ene elastomers and alkene-functional elastomers has not been characterized in detail. In this study, we quantify the tensile mechanical properties of hybrid hydrogel samples formed of two elastomers bonded to a hydrogel material. We examine the impact of radical thiol-ene coupling on the crosslinking of both elastomers (silicone or polyesters) and hydrogels (based on thiol-ene crosslinking or diacrylate chemistry) and on the mechanics and failure behavior of the resulting hybrids. This study demonstrates the strong bonding of thiol-ene hydrogels to alkene-presenting elastomers with a range of chemistries, including silicones and polyesters. Overall, thiol-ene coupling appears as an attractive tool for the generation of strong, mechanically integrated, hybrid structures for a broad range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khai D.
Q. Nguyen
- Institute
of Bioengineering, Queen Mary, University
of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K.
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen
Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K.
| | - Stéphane Dejean
- Polymers
for Health and Biomaterials, IBMM, Univ
Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Benjamin Nottelet
- Polymers
for Health and Biomaterials, IBMM, Univ
Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Julien E. Gautrot
- Institute
of Bioengineering, Queen Mary, University
of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K.
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen
Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K.
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27
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Noddeland HK, Lind M, Jensen LB, Petersson K, Skak-Nielsen T, Larsen FH, Malmsten M, Heinz A. Design and characterization of matrix metalloproteinase-responsive hydrogels for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases. Acta Biomater 2023; 157:149-161. [PMID: 36526241 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme-responsive hydrogels, formed by step growth photopolymerization of biscysteine peptide linkers with alkene functionalized polyethylene glycol, provide interesting opportunities as biomaterials and drug delivery systems. In this study, we developed stimuli-responsive, specific, and cytocompatible hydrogels for delivery of anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases. We designed peptide linkers with optimized sensitivity towards matrix metalloproteinases, a family of proteolytic enzymes overexpressed in the extracellular matrix of the skin during inflammation. The peptide linkers were crosslinked with branched 4-arm and 8-arm polyethylene glycols by thiol-norbornene photopolymerization, leading to the formation of a hydrogel network, in which the anti-inflammatory Janus kinase inhibitor tofacitinib citrate was incorporated. The hydrogels were extensively characterized by physical properties, in vitro release studies, cytocompatibility with fibroblasts, and anti-inflammatory efficacy testing in both an atopic dermatitis-like keratinocyte assay and an activated T-cell assay. The drug release was studied after single and multiple-time exposure to matrix metalloproteinase 9 to mimic inflammatory flare-ups. Drug release was found to be triggered by matrix metalloproteinase 9 and to depend on type of crosslinker and of the polyethylene glycol polymer, due to differences in architecture and swelling behavior. Moreover, swollen hydrogels showed elastic properties similar to those of extracellular matrix proteins in the dermis. Cell studies revealed limited cytotoxicity when fibroblasts and keratinocytes were exposed to the hydrogels or their enzymatic cleavage products. Taken together, our results suggest multi-arm polyethylene glycol hydrogels as promising matrix metalloproteinase-responsive drug delivery systems, with potential in the treatment of inflammatory skin disease. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Smart responsive drug delivery systems such as matrix metalloproteinase-responsive hydrogels are excellent candidates for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases including psoriasis. Their release profile can be optimized to correspond to the patient's individual disease state by tuning formulation parameters and disease-related stimuli, providing personalized treatment solutions. However, insufficient cross-linking efficiency, low matrix metalloproteinase sensitivity, and undesirable drug release kinetics remain major challenges in the development of such drug delivery systems. In this study, we address shortcomings of previous work by designing peptide linkers with optimized sensitivity towards matrix metalloproteinases and high cross-linking efficiencies. We further provide a proof-of-concept for the usability of the hydrogels in inflammatory skin conditions by employing a drug release set-up simulating inflammatory flare-ups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Kyung Noddeland
- LEO Foundation Center for Cutaneous Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Explorative Formulation & Technologies, CMC Design and Development, LEO Pharma A/S, 2750 Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Marianne Lind
- Explorative Formulation & Technologies, CMC Design and Development, LEO Pharma A/S, 2750 Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Louise Bastholm Jensen
- Explorative Formulation & Technologies, CMC Design and Development, LEO Pharma A/S, 2750 Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Karsten Petersson
- Explorative Formulation & Technologies, CMC Design and Development, LEO Pharma A/S, 2750 Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Tine Skak-Nielsen
- Cells & Assays, In vitro Biology, LEO Pharma A/S, 2750 Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Flemming Hofmann Larsen
- Advanced Analytical and Structural Chemistry, CMC Design and Development, LEO Pharma A/S, 2750 Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Martin Malmsten
- LEO Foundation Center for Cutaneous Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Physical Chemistry 1, University of Lund, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Andrea Heinz
- LEO Foundation Center for Cutaneous Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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28
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Kim MH, Lin CC. Poly(ethylene glycol)-Norbornene as a Photoclick Bioink for Digital Light Processing 3D Bioprinting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:2737-2746. [PMID: 36608274 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Digital light processing (DLP) bioprinting is an emerging technology for three-dimensional bioprinting (3DBP) owing to its high printing fidelity, fast fabrication speed, and higher printing resolution. Low-viscosity bioinks such as poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) are commonly used for DLP-based bioprinting. However, the cross-linking of PEGDA proceeds via chain-growth photopolymerization that displays significant heterogeneity in cross-linking density. In contrast, step-growth thiol-norbornene photopolymerization is not oxygen inhibited and produces hydrogels with an ideal network structure. The high cytocompatibility and rapid gelation of thiol-norbornene photopolymerization have lent itself to the cross-linking of cell-laden hydrogels but have not been extensively used for DLP bioprinting. In this study, we explored eight-arm PEG-norbornene (PEG8NB) as a bioink/resin for visible light-initiated DLP-based 3DBP. The PEG8NB-based DLP resin showed high printing fidelity and cytocompatibility even without the use of any bioactive motifs and high initial stiffness. In addition, we demonstrated the versatility of the PEGNB resin by printing solid structures as cell culture devices, hollow channels for endothelialization, and microwells for generating cell spheroids. This work not only expands the selection of bioinks for DLP-based 3DBP but also provides a platform for dynamic modification of the bioprinted constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering & Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Chien-Chi Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering & Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
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29
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Galarraga JH, Dhand AP, Enzmann BP, Burdick JA. Synthesis, Characterization, and Digital Light Processing of a Hydrolytically Degradable Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:413-425. [PMID: 36516973 PMCID: PMC10928645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Numerous chemical modifications of hyaluronic acid (HA) have been explored for the formation of degradable hydrogels that are suitable for a variety of biomedical applications, including biofabrication and drug delivery. Thiol-ene step-growth chemistry is of particular interest due to its lower oxygen sensitivity and ability to precisely tune mechanical properties. Here, we utilize an aqueous esterification route via reaction with carbic anhydride to synthesize norbornene-modified HA (NorHACA) that is amenable to thiol-ene crosslinking to form hydrolytically unstable networks. NorHACA is first synthesized with varying degrees of modification (∼15-100%) by adjusting the ratio of reactive carbic anhydride to HA. Thereafter, NorHACA is reacted with dithiol crosslinker in the presence of visible light and photoinitiator to form hydrogels within tens of seconds. Unlike conventional NorHA, NorHACA hydrogels are highly susceptible to hydrolytic degradation through enhanced ester hydrolysis. Both the mechanical properties and the degradation timescales of NorHACA hydrogels are tuned via macromer concentration and/or the degree of modification. Moreover, the degradation behavior of NorHACA hydrogels is validated through a statistical-co-kinetic model of ester hydrolysis. The rapid degradation of NorHACA hydrogels can be adjusted by incorporating small amounts of slowly degrading NorHA macromer into the network. Further, NorHACA hydrogels are implemented as digital light processing (DLP) resins to fabricate hydrolytically degradable scaffolds with complex, macroporous structures that can incorporate cell-adhesive sites for cell attachment and proliferation after fabrication. Additionally, DLP bioprinting of NorHACA hydrogels to form cell-laden constructs with high viability is demonstrated, making them useful for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H. Galarraga
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Abhishek P. Dhand
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bruce P. Enzmann
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jason A. Burdick
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
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30
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Chung KY, Halwachs KN, Lu P, Sun K, Silva HA, Rosales AM, Page ZA. Rapid hydrogel formation via tandem visible light photouncaging and bioorthogonal ligation. CELL REPORTS. PHYSICAL SCIENCE 2022; 3:101185. [PMID: 37496708 PMCID: PMC10370463 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrp.2022.101185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The formation of benign polymer scaffolds in water using green-light-reactive photocages is described. These efforts pave an avenue toward the fabrication of synthetic scaffolds that can facilitate the study of cellular events for disease diagnosis and treatment. First, a series of boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) photocages with nitrogen-containing nucleophiles were examined to determine structure-reactivity relationships, which resulted in a >1,000× increase in uncaging yield. Subsequently, photoinduced hydrogel formation in 90 wt % water was accomplished via biorthogonal carbonyl condensation using hydrophilic polymer scaffolds separately containing BODIPY photocages and ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA) moieties. Spatiotemporal control is demonstrated with light on/off experiments to modulate gel stiffness and masking to provide <100 μm features. Biocompatability of the method was shown through pre-/post-crosslinking cell viability studies. Short term, these studies are anticipated to guide translation to emergent additive manufacturing technology, which, longer term, will enable the development of 3D cell cultures for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-You Chung
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin; Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Kathleen N. Halwachs
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin; Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Pengtao Lu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin; Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Kaihong Sun
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin; Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Hope A. Silva
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin; Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Adrianne M. Rosales
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin; Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Zachariah A. Page
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin; Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Lead contact
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31
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Caracena T, Blomberg R, Hewawasam RS, Fry ZE, Riches DWH, Magin CM. Alveolar epithelial cells and microenvironmental stiffness synergistically drive fibroblast activation in three-dimensional hydrogel lung models. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:7133-7148. [PMID: 36366982 PMCID: PMC9729409 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00827k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating lung disease that progressively and irreversibly alters the lung parenchyma, eventually leading to respiratory failure. The study of this disease has been historically challenging due to the myriad of complex processes that contribute to fibrogenesis and the inherent difficulty in accurately recreating the human pulmonary environment in vitro. Here, we describe a poly(ethylene glycol) PEG hydrogel-based three-dimensional model for the co-culture of primary murine pulmonary fibroblasts and alveolar epithelial cells that reproduces the micro-architecture, cell placement, and mechanical properties of healthy and fibrotic lung tissue. Co-cultured cells retained normal levels of viability up to at least three weeks and displayed differentiation patterns observed in vivo during IPF progression. Interrogation of protein and gene expression within this model showed that myofibroblast activation required both extracellular mechanical cues and the presence of alveolar epithelial cells. Differences in gene expression indicated that cellular co-culture induced TGF-β signaling and proliferative gene expression, while microenvironmental stiffness upregulated the expression of genes related to cell-ECM interactions. This biomaterial-based cell culture system serves as a significant step forward in the accurate recapitulation of human lung tissue in vitro and highlights the need to incorporate multiple factors that work together synergistically in vivo into models of lung biology of health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Caracena
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado, Denver | Anschutz Medical Campus, USA.
| | - Rachel Blomberg
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado, Denver | Anschutz Medical Campus, USA.
| | - Rukshika S Hewawasam
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado, Denver | Anschutz Medical Campus, USA.
| | - Zoe E Fry
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado, Denver | Anschutz Medical Campus, USA.
| | - David W H Riches
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, USA
- Department of Research, Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, USA
| | - Chelsea M Magin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado, Denver | Anschutz Medical Campus, USA.
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, USA
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32
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Knoff DS, Kim S, Fajardo Cortes KA, Rivera J, Cathey MVJ, Altamirano D, Camp C, Kim M. Non-Covalently Associated Streptavidin Multi-Arm Nanohubs Exhibit Mechanical and Thermal Stability in Cross-Linked Protein-Network Materials. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:4130-4140. [PMID: 36149316 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Constructing protein-network materials that exhibit physicochemical and mechanical properties of individual protein constituents requires molecular cross-linkers with specificity and stability. A well-known example involves specific chemical fusion of a four-arm polyethylene glycol (tetra-PEG) to desired proteins with secondary cross-linkers. However, it is necessary to investigate tetra-PEG-like biomolecular cross-linkers that are genetically fused to the proteins, simplifying synthesis by removing additional conjugation and purification steps. Non-covalently, self-associating, streptavidin homotetramer is a viable, biomolecular alternative to tetra-PEG. Here, a multi-arm streptavidin design is characterized as a protein-network material platform using various secondary, biomolecular cross-linkers, such as high-affinity physical (i.e., non-covalent), transient physical, spontaneous chemical (i.e., covalent), or stimuli-induced chemical cross-linkers. Stimuli-induced, chemical cross-linkers fused to multi-arm streptavidin nanohubs provide sufficient diffusion prior to initiating permanent covalent bonds, allowing proper characterization of streptavidin nanohubs. Surprisingly, non-covalently associated streptavidin nanohubs exhibit extreme stability, which translates into material properties that resemble hydrogels formed by chemical bonds even at high temperatures. Therefore, this study not only establishes that the streptavidin nanohub is an ideal multi-arm biopolymer precursor but also provides valuable guidance for designing self-assembling nanostructured molecular networks that can properly harness the extraordinary properties of protein-based building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Knoff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Samuel Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Kareen A Fajardo Cortes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jocelyne Rivera
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Marcus V J Cathey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Dallas Altamirano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Christopher Camp
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Minkyu Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States.,BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719, United States
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Photocrosslinkable Silk-Based Biomaterials for Regenerative Medicine and Healthcare Applications. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-022-00277-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Dimmitt NH, Arkenberg MR, de Lima Perini MM, Li J, Lin CC. Hydrolytically Degradable PEG-Based Inverse Electron Demand Diels-Alder Click Hydrogels. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:4262-4273. [PMID: 36074814 PMCID: PMC9554872 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Hydrogels cross-linked by inverse electron demand Diels–Alder
(iEDDA) click chemistry are increasingly used in biomedical applications.
With a few exceptions in naturally derived and chemically modified
macromers, iEDDA click hydrogels exhibit long-term hydrolytic stability,
and no synthetic iEDDA click hydrogels can undergo accelerated and
tunable hydrolytic degradation. We have previously reported a novel
method for synthesizing norbornene (NB)-functionalized multiarm poly(ethylene
glycol) (PEG), where carbic anhydride (CA) was used to replace 5-norbornene-2-carboxylic
acid. The new PEGNBCA-based thiol-norbornene hydrogels
exhibited unexpected fast yet highly tunable hydrolytic degradation.
In this contribution, we leveraged the new PEGNBCA macromer
for forming iEDDA click hydrogels with [methyl]tetrazine ([m]Tz)-modified
macromers, leading to the first group of synthetic iEDDA click hydrogels
with highly tunable hydrolytic degradation kinetics. We further exploited
Tz and mTz dual conjugation to achieve tunable hydrolytic degradation
with an in vitro degradation time ranging from 2 weeks to 3 months.
Finally, we demonstrated the excellent in vitro cytocompatibility
and in vivo biocompatibility of the new injectable PEGNBCA-based iEDDA click cross-linked hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan H Dimmitt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering & Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Matthew R Arkenberg
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Mariana Moraes de Lima Perini
- Department of Biology, Purdue School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Jiliang Li
- Department of Biology, Purdue School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Chien-Chi Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering & Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
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Olov N, Bagheri-Khoulenjani S, Mirzadeh H. Injectable hydrogels for bone and cartilage tissue engineering: a review. Prog Biomater 2022; 11:113-135. [PMID: 35420394 PMCID: PMC9156638 DOI: 10.1007/s40204-022-00185-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering, using a combination of living cells, bioactive molecules, and three-dimensional porous scaffolds, is a promising alternative to traditional treatments such as the use of autografts and allografts for bone and cartilage tissue regeneration. Scaffolds, in this combination, can be applied either through surgery by implantation of cell-seeded pre-fabricated scaffolds, or through injection of a solidifying precursor and cell mixture, or as an injectable cell-seeded pre-fabricated scaffold. In situ forming and pre-fabricated injectable scaffolds can be injected directly into the defect site with complex shape and critical size in a minimally invasive manner. Proper and homogeneous distribution of cells, biological factors, and molecular signals in these injectable scaffolds is another advantage over pre-fabricated scaffolds. Due to the importance of injectable scaffolds in tissue engineering, here different types of injectable scaffolds, their design challenges, and applications in bone and cartilage tissue regeneration are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Olov
- Polymer and Colour Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, 424 Hafez-Ave., 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shadab Bagheri-Khoulenjani
- Polymer and Colour Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, 424 Hafez-Ave., 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamid Mirzadeh
- Polymer and Colour Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, 424 Hafez-Ave., 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran.
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36
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Long H, Vos BE, Betz T, Baker BM, Trappmann B. Nonswelling and Hydrolytically Stable Hydrogels Uncover Cellular Mechanosensing in 3D. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105325. [PMID: 35187856 PMCID: PMC9036035 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
While matrix stiffness regulates cell behavior on 2D substrates, recent studies using synthetic hydrogels have suggested that in 3D environments, cell behavior is primarily impacted by matrix degradability, independent of stiffness. However, these studies did not consider the potential impact of other confounding matrix parameters that typically covary with changes in stiffness, particularly, hydrogel swelling and hydrolytic stability, which may explain the previously observed distinctions in cell response in 2D versus 3D settings. To investigate how cells sense matrix stiffness in 3D environments, a nonswelling, hydrolytically stable, linearly elastic synthetic hydrogel model is developed in which matrix stiffness and degradability can be tuned independently. It is found that matrix degradability regulates cell spreading kinetics, while matrix stiffness dictates the final spread area once cells achieve equilibrium spreading. Importantly, the differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells toward adipocytes or osteoblasts is regulated by the spread state of progenitor cells upon initiating differentiation. These studies uncover matrix stiffness as a major regulator of cell function not just in 2D, but also in 3D environments, and identify matrix degradability as a critical microenvironmental feature in 3D that in conjunction with matrix stiffness dictates cell spreading, cytoskeletal state, and stem cell differentiation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Long
- Bioactive Materials LaboratoryMax Planck Institute for Molecular BiomedicineRöntgenstraße 20Münster48149Germany
| | - Bart E. Vos
- Third Institute of Physics – BiophysicsGeorg August University GöttingenGöttingen37077Germany
| | - Timo Betz
- Third Institute of Physics – BiophysicsGeorg August University GöttingenGöttingen37077Germany
| | - Brendon M. Baker
- Engineered Microenvironments and Mechanobiology LabDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Britta Trappmann
- Bioactive Materials LaboratoryMax Planck Institute for Molecular BiomedicineRöntgenstraße 20Münster48149Germany
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Li J, Cui X, Lindberg G, Alcala-Orozco CR, Hooper GJ, Lim K, Woodfield TBF. Hybrid fabrication of photo-clickable vascular hydrogels with additive manufactured titanium implants for enhanced osseointegration and vascularized bone formation. Biofabrication 2022; 14. [PMID: 35320796 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac6051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bone regeneration of critical-sized bone defects, bone fractures or joint replacements remains a significant unmet clinical challenge. Although there has been rapid advancement in both the fields of bone tissue engineering and additive manufacturing (AM), functional bone implants with rapid vascularization capacity to ensure osseointegration and long-term biological fixation in large bone defects remains limited in clinics. In this study, we developed an in vitro vascularized bone implant by combining cell-laden hydrogels with direct metal printed (DMP) porous titanium alloys (Ti-6Al-4V). 5wt% allylated gelatin (GelAGE), was utilized to co-encapsulate human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to investigate concurrent osteogenic and vasculogenic performance. DMP macro-porous Ti-6Al-4V scaffolds were subsequently infused/enriched with cell-laden GelAGE to examine the feasibility to deliver cells and engineer vascular-like networks in the hybrid implant. Furthermore, as a proof of concept, a full-scale porous Ti-6Al-4V acetabular cup was impregnated with cell-laden hydrogel to validate the clinical potential of this strategy. The vasculogenic potential was evaluated by examining micro-capillary formation coupled with capillary network maturation and stabilization. Osteogenic differentiation was assessed via ALP activity as well as osteocalcin and osteopontin expression. Our results suggested that GelAGE supported HUVECs spreading and vascular-like network formation, along with osteogenesis of hMSCs. Titanium hybrid constructs with cell-laden hydrogel demonstrated enhanced osteogenesis with similar vasculogenic capability compared to the cell-laden hydrogel alone constructs. The full-scale implant with cell-laden hydrogel coating similarly showed cell distribution and spreading, implying the potential for further clinical application. Our study presents the feasibility of integrating bio-functional hydrogels with porous titanium implants to fabricate a vascularized hybrid construct with both mechanical support and preferable biological functionality (osteogenesis/vasculogenesis), which paves the way for improved strategies to enhance bone regeneration in complex large bone defects achieving long-term bone-implant fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery , University of Otago, 2 Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch, Christchurch, Canterbury, 8011, NEW ZEALAND
| | - Xiaolin Cui
- University of Otago Christchurch, 2 Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch, 8011, NEW ZEALAND
| | - Gabriella Lindberg
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, 2 Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch, 8011, NEW ZEALAND
| | - Cesar R Alcala-Orozco
- Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago, 2 Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch, Christchurch, 8011, NEW ZEALAND
| | - Gary J Hooper
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering Group Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Centre for Bioengineering & Nanomedicine, University of Otago Christchurch, PO Box 4345, Christchurch 8140, Christchurch, 8140, NEW ZEALAND
| | - Khoon Lim
- Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago, 2 Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch, 8011, NEW ZEALAND
| | - Tim B F Woodfield
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering Group Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Centre for Bioengineering & Nanomedicine, University of Otago Christchurch, PO Box 4345, Christchurch 8140, Christchurch, 8140, NEW ZEALAND
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Ahmad Z, Salman S, Khan SA, Amin A, Rahman ZU, Al-Ghamdi YO, Akhtar K, Bakhsh EM, Khan SB. Versatility of Hydrogels: From Synthetic Strategies, Classification, and Properties to Biomedical Applications. Gels 2022; 8:167. [PMID: 35323280 PMCID: PMC8950628 DOI: 10.3390/gels8030167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are three-dimensional, cross-linked, and supramolecular networks that can absorb significant volumes of water. Hydrogels are one of the most promising biomaterials in the biological and biomedical fields, thanks to their hydrophilic properties, biocompatibility, and wide therapeutic potential. Owing to their nontoxic nature and safe use, they are widely accepted for various biomedical applications such as wound dressing, controlled drug delivery, bone regeneration, tissue engineering, biosensors, and artificial contact lenses. Herein, this review comprises different synthetic strategies for hydrogels and their chemical/physical characteristics, and various analytical, optical, and spectroscopic tools for their characterization are discussed. A range of synthetic approaches is also covered for the synthesis and design of hydrogels. It will also cover biomedical applications such as bone regeneration, tissue engineering, and drug delivery. This review addressed the fundamental, general, and applied features of hydrogels in order to facilitate undergraduates, graduates, biomedical students, and researchers in a variety of domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubair Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi 23561, Pakistan; (Z.A.); (A.A.); (Z.U.R.)
| | - Saad Salman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Shahid Ali Khan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Amin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi 23561, Pakistan; (Z.A.); (A.A.); (Z.U.R.)
| | - Zia Ur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi 23561, Pakistan; (Z.A.); (A.A.); (Z.U.R.)
| | - Youssef O. Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Kalsoom Akhtar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.); (E.M.B.)
| | - Esraa M. Bakhsh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.); (E.M.B.)
| | - Sher Bahadar Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.); (E.M.B.)
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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39
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Jiang Z, Lin FY, Jiang K, Nguyen H, Chang CY, Lin CC. Dissolvable microgel-templated macroporous hydrogels for controlled cell assembly. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 134:112712. [PMID: 35581097 PMCID: PMC9358784 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2022.112712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-based therapies have been widely used to promote tissue regeneration and to modulate immune/inflammatory response. The therapeutic potential of MSCs can be further improved by forming multi-cellular spheroids. Meanwhile, hydrogels with macroporous structures are advantageous for improving mass transport properties for the cell-laden matrices. Herein, we report the fabrication of MSC-laden macroporous hydrogel scaffolds through incorporating rapidly dissolvable spherical cell-laden microgels. Dissolvable microgels were fabricated by tandem droplet-microfluidics and thiol-norbornene photopolymerization using a novel fast-degrading macromer poly(ethylene glycol)-norbornene-dopamine (PEGNB-Dopa). The cell-laden PEGNB-Dopa microgels were subsequently encapsulated within another bulk hydrogel matrix, whose porous structure was generated efficiently by the rapid degradation of the PEGNB-Dopa microgels. The cytocompatibility of this in situ pore-forming approach was demonstrated with multiple cell types. Furthermore, adjusting the stiffness and cell adhesiveness of the bulk hydrogels afforded the formation of solid cell spheroids or hollow spheres. The assembly of solid or hollow MSC spheroids led to differential activation of AKT pathway. Finally, MSCs solid spheroids formed in situ within the macroporous hydrogels exhibited robust secretion of HGF, VEGF-A, IL-6, IL-8, and TIMP-2. In summary, this platform provides an innovative method for forming cell-laden macroporous hydrogels for a variety of future biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongliang Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Fang-Yi Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Kun Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Han Nguyen
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Chun-Yi Chang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Chien-Chi Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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40
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Metabolic labeling of secreted matrix to investigate cell-material interactions in tissue engineering and mechanobiology. Nat Protoc 2022; 17:618-648. [PMID: 35140408 PMCID: PMC8985381 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00652-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Re-creating features of the native extracellular matrix (ECM) with engineered biomaterials has become a valuable tool to probe the influence of ECM properties on cellular functions (e.g., differentiation) and toward the engineering of tissues. However, characterization of newly secreted (nascent) matrix and turnover, which are important in the context of cells interacting with these biomaterials, has been limited by a lack of tools. We developed a protocol to visualize and quantify the spatiotemporal evolution of newly synthesized and deposited matrix by cells that are either cultured atop (2D) or embedded within (3D) biomaterial systems (e.g., hydrogels, fibrous matrices). This technique relies on the incorporation of a noncanonical amino acid (azidohomoalanine) into proteins as they are synthesized. Deposited nascent ECM components are then visualized with fluorescent cyclooctynes via copper-free cycloaddition for spatiotemporal analysis or modified with cleavable biotin probes for identification. Here we describe the preparation of hyaluronic acid hydrogels through ultraviolet or visible light induced cross-linking for 2D and 3D cell culture, as well as the fluorescent labeling of nascent ECM deposited by cells during culture. We also provide protocols for secondary immunofluorescence of specific ECM components and ImageJ-based ECM quantification methods. Hyaluronic acid polymer synthesis takes 2 weeks to complete, and hydrogel formation for 2D or 3D cell culture is performed in 2-3 h. Lastly, we detail the identification of nascent proteins, including enrichment, preparation and analysis with mass spectrometry, which can be completed in 10 d.
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41
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Martinez MR, Zhuang Z, Treichel M, Cuthbert J, Sun M, Pietrasik J, Matyjaszewski K. Thermally Degradable Poly( n-butyl acrylate) Model Networks Prepared by PhotoATRP and Radical Trap-Assisted Atom Transfer Radical Coupling. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:713. [PMID: 35215627 PMCID: PMC8880605 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Model poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PBA) networks were prepared by photoinduced atom transfer radical polymerization (photoATRP), followed by curing of polymer stars via atom transfer radical coupling (ATRC) with a nitrosobenzene radical trap. The resulting nitroxyl radical installed thermally labile alkoxyamine functional groups at the junctions of the network. The alkoxyamine crosslinks of the network were degraded back to star-like products upon exposure to temperatures above 135 °C. Characterization of the degraded products via gel permeation chromatography (GPC) confirmed the inversion of polymer topology after thermal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Martinez
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (M.R.M.); (Z.Z.); (M.T.); (J.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Ziye Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (M.R.M.); (Z.Z.); (M.T.); (J.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Megan Treichel
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (M.R.M.); (Z.Z.); (M.T.); (J.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Julia Cuthbert
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (M.R.M.); (Z.Z.); (M.T.); (J.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Mingkang Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (M.R.M.); (Z.Z.); (M.T.); (J.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Joanna Pietrasik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, 90-537 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (M.R.M.); (Z.Z.); (M.T.); (J.C.); (M.S.)
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Hernandez JJ, Dobson AL, Carberry BJ, Kuenstler AS, Shah PK, Anseth KS, White TJ, Bowman CN. Controlled Degradation of Cast and 3-D Printed Photocurable Thioester Networks via Thiol–Thioester Exchange. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan J. Hernandez
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Adam L. Dobson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Benjamin J. Carberry
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- The Bio Frontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Alexa S. Kuenstler
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Parag K. Shah
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Kristi S. Anseth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- The Bio Frontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Timothy J. White
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Christopher N. Bowman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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43
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Kazybayeva DS, Irmukhametova GS, Khutoryanskiy VV. Thiol-Ene “Click Reactions” as a Promising Approach to Polymer Materials. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090422010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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44
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Li D, Shi S, Zhao D, Rong Y, Zhou Y, Ding J, He C, Chen X. Effect of Polymer Topology and Residue Chirality on Biodegradability of Polypeptide Hydrogels. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:626-637. [PMID: 35090109 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polypeptide-based injectable hydrogels have attracted the attention of biomedical researchers due to their unique biocompatibility and biodegradability, tunable residue chirality, and secondary conformation of polypeptide chains. In the present study, four types of poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(glutamic acid)s with different topological structures and residue chirality of polypeptide segments were developed, which were grafted with tyramine side groups for further cross-linking. The results demonstrated that the covalent conjugation between the tyramine groups in the presence of horseradish peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide could form porous hydrogels rapidly. Additionally, the gelation time and mechanical strength of the hydrogels were measured. All the polymer precursors and hydrogels exhibited good cytocompatibility in vitro. Further assessment of the enzymatic degradability of the hydrogels and copolymers in vitro revealed that the degradation rate was influenced by the adjustment of polymer topology or residue chirality of polypeptide copolymers. Subsequently, the effect of copolymer topology and polypeptide chirality on in vivo biodegradability and biocompatibility was assessed. This study will provide insights into the relationship between copolymer structures and hydrogel properties and benefit future polypeptide-based hydrogel studies in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 Jilin, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Shun Shi
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Dan Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 Jilin, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Yan Rong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Yuhao Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 Jilin, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 Jilin, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Chaoliang He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 Jilin, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 Jilin, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 Anhui, P. R. China
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45
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Palkar V, Kuksenok O. Controlling Degradation and Erosion of Polymer Networks: Insights from Mesoscale Modeling. J Phys Chem B 2021; 126:336-346. [PMID: 34964629 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c09570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Understanding and controlling degradation of polymer networks on the mesoscale is critical for a range of applications. We utilize dissipative particle dynamics to capture photocontrolled degradation and erosion processes in hydrogels formed by end-linking of four-arm polyethylene glycol precursors. We demonstrate that the polydispersity and the fraction of broken-off fragments scale with the relative extent of reaction. The reverse gel point measured is close to the value predicted by the bond percolation theory on a diamond lattice. We characterize the erosion process via tracking the mass loss that accounts for the fragments remaining in contact with the percolated network. We quantify the dependence of the mass loss on the extent of reaction and on the properties of the film prior to degradation. These results elucidate the main features of degradation and erosion on the mesoscale and could provide guidelines for future design of degrading materials with dynamically controlled properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Palkar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Olga Kuksenok
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
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46
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Cho KW, Sunwoo SH, Hong YJ, Koo JH, Kim JH, Baik S, Hyeon T, Kim DH. Soft Bioelectronics Based on Nanomaterials. Chem Rev 2021; 122:5068-5143. [PMID: 34962131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in nanostructured materials and unconventional device designs have transformed the bioelectronics from a rigid and bulky form into a soft and ultrathin form and brought enormous advantages to the bioelectronics. For example, mechanical deformability of the soft bioelectronics and thus its conformal contact onto soft curved organs such as brain, heart, and skin have allowed researchers to measure high-quality biosignals, deliver real-time feedback treatments, and lower long-term side-effects in vivo. Here, we review various materials, fabrication methods, and device strategies for flexible and stretchable electronics, especially focusing on soft biointegrated electronics using nanomaterials and their composites. First, we summarize top-down material processing and bottom-up synthesis methods of various nanomaterials. Next, we discuss state-of-the-art technologies for intrinsically stretchable nanocomposites composed of nanostructured materials incorporated in elastomers or hydrogels. We also briefly discuss unconventional device design strategies for soft bioelectronics. Then individual device components for soft bioelectronics, such as biosensing, data storage, display, therapeutic stimulation, and power supply devices, are introduced. Afterward, representative application examples of the soft bioelectronics are described. A brief summary with a discussion on remaining challenges concludes the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Won Cho
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hyuk Sunwoo
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongseok Joseph Hong
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Hoon Koo
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmin Baik
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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47
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Maity C, Das N. Alginate-Based Smart Materials and Their Application: Recent Advances and Perspectives. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2021; 380:3. [PMID: 34812965 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-021-00360-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nature produces materials using available molecular building blocks following a bottom-up approach. These materials are formed with great precision and flexibility in a controlled manner. This approach offers the inspiration for manufacturing new artificial materials and devices. Synthetic artificial materials can find many important applications ranging from personalized therapeutics to solutions for environmental problems. Among these materials, responsive synthetic materials are capable of changing their structure and/or properties in response to external stimuli, and hence are termed "smart" materials. Herein, this review focuses on alginate-based smart materials and their stimuli-responsive preparation, fragmentation, and applications in diverse fields from drug delivery and tissue engineering to water purification and environmental remediation. In the first part of this report, we review stimuli-induced preparation of alginate-based materials. Stimuli-triggered decomposition of alginate materials in a controlled fashion is documented in the second part, followed by the application of smart alginate materials in diverse fields. Because of their biocompatibility, easy accessibility, and simple techniques of material formation, alginates can provide solutions for several present and future problems of humankind. However, new research is needed for novel alginate-based materials with new functionalities and well-defined properties for targeted applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Maity
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Science (SAS), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
| | - Nikita Das
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Science (SAS), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
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48
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Rasool A, Rizwan M, Islam A, Abdullah H, Shafqat SS, Azeem MK, Rasheed T, Bilal M. Chitosan‐Based Smart Polymeric Hydrogels and Their Prospective Applications in Biomedicine. STARCH-STARKE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202100150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atta Rasool
- School of Chemistry University of the Punjab Lahore Punjab 54000 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Chemistry The University of Lahore Lahore 54000 Pakistan
| | - Atif Islam
- Institute of Polymer and Textile Engineering University of the Punjab Lahore 54000 Pakistan
| | - Huda Abdullah
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering Programme Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Selangor 43600 Malaysia
| | | | - Muhammad Khalid Azeem
- Institute of Polymer and Textile Engineering University of the Punjab Lahore 54000 Pakistan
| | - Tahir Rasheed
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering Huaiyin Institute of Technology Huaian 223003 China
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49
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Wu N, Schultz KM. Correlation of Bulk Degradation and Molecular Release from Enzymatically Degradable Polymeric Hydrogels. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:4489-4500. [PMID: 34516089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we establish a quantitative correlation between molecular release and material degradation. We characterize a radical-initiated photopolymerized hydrogel and base-initiated Michael addition-polymerized hydrogel, which form gels through distinct crosslinking reactions. Both scaffolds use the same degradable peptide crosslinker, which enables them to be degraded through the same enzymatic degradation reaction. A fluorescently labeled poly(ethylene glycol) molecule is chemically conjugated into the scaffold and is released during enzymatic degradation. Real-time changes in scaffold rheological properties during degradation are measured using bulk rheology. Molecular release is measured by quantifying the change in fluorescence in the incubation liquid and the hydrogel scaffold. A complicating factor, previously described in the literature, is that shear may cause increased crosslinking, resulting in an increase in the storage modulus after initiation of degradation, which changes release profiles by limiting the initial release of molecules. Therefore, we also test the hypothesis that shear induces additional crosslinking in degrading hydrogel scaffolds. To determine whether shear changes rheological properties during scaffold degradation, enzymatic degradation is characterized using bulk rheology as materials undergo continuous or minimal shear. To determine the effect of shear on molecular release, shear is induced by shaking the material during incubation. Release is characterized from scaffolds that are incubated with continuous or without shaking. We determine that shear does not make a difference in scaffold degradation or release regardless of the gelation reaction. Instead, we determine that the type of hydrogel crosslinking reaction greatly affects both material degradation and molecular release. A hydrogel crosslinking by base-initiated Michael addition does undergo further crosslinking at the start of degradation. We correlate release with enzymatic degradation for both scaffolds. We determine that the material storage modulus is indirectly correlated with release during degradation. These results indicate that rheological characterization is a useful tool to characterize and predict the release of molecules from degrading hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Kelly M Schultz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
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50
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Zennifer A, Manivannan S, Sethuraman S, Kumbar SG, Sundaramurthi D. 3D bioprinting and photocrosslinking: emerging strategies & future perspectives. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 134:112576. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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