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Regato-Herbella M, Mantione D, Blachman A, Gallastegui A, Calabrese GC, Moya SE, Mecerreyes D, Criado-Gonzalez M. Multiresponsive 4D Printable Hydrogels with Anti-Inflammatory Properties. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:1119-1126. [PMID: 39140782 PMCID: PMC11411719 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Multiresponsive hydrogels are valuable as biomaterials due to their ability to respond to multiple biologically relevant stimuli, i.e., temperature, pH, or reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can be present simultaneously in the body. In this work, we synthesize triple-responsive hydrogels through UV light photopolymerization of selected monomer compositions that encompass thermoresponsive N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM), pH-responsive methacrylic acid (MAA), and a tailor-made ROS-responsive diacrylate thioether monomer (EG3SA). As a result, smart P[NIPAMx-co-MAAy-co-(EG3SA)z] hydrogels capable of being manufactured by digital light processing (DLP) 4D printing are obtained. The thermo-, pH-, and ROS-response of the hydrogels are studied by swelling tests and rheological measurements at different temperatures (25 and 37 °C), pHs (3, 5, 7.4, and 11), and in the absence or presence of ROS (H2O2). The hydrogels are employed as matrixes for the encapsulation of ketoprofen (KET), an anti-inflammatory drug that shows a tunable release, depending on the hydrogel composition and stimuli applied. The cytotoxicity properties of the hydrogels are tested in vitro with mouse embryonic fibroblasts (NIH 3T3) and RAW 264.7 murine macrophage (RAW) cells. Finally, the anti-inflammatory properties are assessed, and the results exhibit a ≈70% nitric oxide reduction up to base values of pro-inflammatory RAW cells, which highlights the anti-inflammatory capacity of P[NIPAM80-co-MAA15-co-(EG3SA)5] hydrogels, per se, without being necessary to encapsulate an anti-inflammatory drug within their network. It opens the route for the fabrication of customizable 4D printable scaffolds for the effective treatment of inflammatory pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Regato-Herbella
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center. Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA). Paseo de Miramón 194, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Daniele Mantione
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center. Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Agustín Blachman
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Junín 956, 1113 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1053ABH, Argentina
| | - Antonela Gallastegui
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center. Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Graciela C Calabrese
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Junín 956, 1113 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1053ABH, Argentina
| | - Sergio E Moya
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA). Paseo de Miramón 194, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - David Mecerreyes
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center. Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Miryam Criado-Gonzalez
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center. Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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Hazra N, Lammertz J, Babenyshev A, Erkes R, Hagemans F, Misra C, Richtering W, Crassous JJ. Charged hollow microgel capsules. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:4608-4620. [PMID: 38813847 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00111g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Responsive hollow microgels are a fascinating class of soft model systems at the crossover between polymer capsules and microgels. The presence of the cavity makes them promising materials for encapsulation and controlled release applications but also confers them an additional softness that is reflected by their peculiar behaviour in bulk and at interfaces. Their responsivity to external stimuli, such as temperature, pH, and ionic strength, can be designed from their synthesis conditions and the choice of functional moieties. So far most studies have focused on "small" hollow microgels that were mostly studied with scattering or atomic force microscopy techniques. In our previous study, we have shown that large fluorescent hollow poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgels could be synthesized using micrometer-sized silica particles as sacrificial templates allowing their investigation in situ via confocal microscopy. In this work, we extend this approach to charged large hollow microgels based on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-itaconic acid) (P(NIPAM-co-IA)). Hereby, we compare the structure and responsivity of "neutral" (PNIPAM) and "charged" (P(NIPAM-co-IA)) hollow microgel systems synthesized under similar conditions with the same sacrificial template using confocal and atomic force microscopy and light scattering techniques. In particular, we could demonstrate the extremely soft character of the swollen charged hollow microgels and their responsivity to pH, ionic strength, and temperature. To conclude this study, the buckling behavior of the different capsules was investigated illustrating the potential of such systems to change its conformation by varying the osmotic pressure and pH conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabanita Hazra
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Janik Lammertz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Andrey Babenyshev
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Rebecca Erkes
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Fabian Hagemans
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Chandeshwar Misra
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Walter Richtering
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Jérôme J Crassous
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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Sommerfeld IK, Malyaran H, Neuss S, Demco DE, Pich A. Multiresponsive Core-Shell Microgels Functionalized by Nitrilotriacetic Acid. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:903-923. [PMID: 38170471 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive microgels with ionizable functional groups offer versatile applications, e.g., by the uptake of oppositely charged metal ions or guest molecules such as drugs, dyes, or proteins. Furthermore, the incorporation of carboxylic groups enhances mucoadhesive properties, crucial for various drug delivery applications. In this work, we successfully synthesized poly{N-vinylcaprolactam-2,2'-[(5-acrylamido-1-carboxypentyl)azanediyl]diacetic acid} [p(VCL/NTAaa)] microgels containing varying amounts of nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) using precipitation polymerization. We performed fundamental characterization by infrared (IR) spectroscopy and dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering. Despite their potential multiresponsiveness, prior studies on NTA-functionalized microgels lack in-depth analysis of their stimuli-responsive behavior. This work addresses this gap by assessing the microgel responsiveness to temperature, ionic strength, and pH. Morphological investigations were performed via NMR relaxometry, nanoscale imaging (AFM and SEM), and reaction calorimetry. Finally, we explored the potential application of the microgels by conducting cytocompatibility experiments and demonstrating the immobilization of the model protein cytochrome c in the microgels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel K Sommerfeld
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- DWI─Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Hanna Malyaran
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, BioInterface Group, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sabine Neuss
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, BioInterface Group, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Dan E Demco
- DWI─Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrij Pich
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- DWI─Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Aachen Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
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4
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Strauch C, Schneider S. Monte Carlo simulation of the ionization and uptake behavior of cationic oligomers into pH-responsive polyelectrolyte microgels of opposite charge - a model for oligopeptide uptake and release. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:1263-1274. [PMID: 38236145 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01426f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
External stimuli can tune the uptake and release of guest molecules in microgels. Especially their pH responsiveness makes microgels exciting candidates for drug delivery systems. When both microgel and guest molecules are pH-responsive, predicting the electrostatically driven uptake can be complex since the ionization depends on many parameters. In this work, we performed Metropolis Monte Carlo simulations while systematically varying the pK of the monomers, the concentrations of microgel and guest molecules to obtain a better understanding of the uptake of weak cationic oligomers as a model for oligopeptides into a weak anionic polyelectrolyte microgel. Further, we varied the chain length of the oligomers. The polyelectrolyte networks can take up oligomers when both the network and the oligomers are charged. The presence of both species in the system leads to a mutual enhancement of their ionization. The uptake induces a release of counterions and results in complex formation between the oligomers and the network, leading to the collapse of the networks. Longer oligomers enhance the ionization of the network and, therefore, the complexation. A higher microgel concentration increases the uptake only around the isoelectric point but prevents the uptake due to lower entropy gain at counterion release at higher pH. The results give an insight into the uptake of cationic oligomers into oppositely charged polyelectrolyte microgels and provide hints for the design of anionic microgels as carriers for guest molecules e.g. antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Strauch
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52056 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Schneider
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52056 Aachen, Germany.
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5
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Sigolaeva LV, Shalybkova AA, Sharifullin TZ, Pergushov DV. Adsorption of Preformed Microgel-Enzyme Complexes as a Novel Strategy toward Engineering Microgel-Based Enzymatic Biosensors. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1629. [PMID: 37630165 PMCID: PMC10456651 DOI: 10.3390/mi14081629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach to surface modification, which consists of the adsorption of microgel-enzyme complexes preformed in solution, is highlighted. Accordingly, the microgel-enzyme complexes were formed due to the electrostatic interaction of the oppositely charged interacting components, that is, a cationic poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based microgel and glucose oxidase taken as a model enzyme. The spontaneous adsorption of the prepared microgel-enzyme complexes, examined by means of quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring and atomic force microscopy, was observed, resulting in the formation of well-adhered microgel-enzyme coatings. Further, the preformed microgel-enzyme complexes were adsorbed onto the modified graphite-based screen-printed electrodes, and their enzymatic responses were determined by means of amperometry, demonstrating a remarkable analytical performance toward the quantification of β-D-glucose in terms of high sensitivity (0.0162 A × M-1 × cm-2), a low limit of detection (1 μM), and an expanded linear range (1-2000 μM). The fabricated microgel-enzyme biosensor constructs were found to be very stable against manifold-repeated measurements. Finally, the pH- or salt-induced release of glucose oxidase from the adsorbed preformed microgel-enzyme complexes was demonstrated. The findings obtained for the microgel-enzyme coatings prepared via adsorption of the preformed microgel-enzyme complexes were compared to those found for the microgel-enzyme coatings fabricated via a previously exploited two-stage sequential adsorption, which includes the adsorption of the microgel first, followed by the electrostatic binding of glucose oxidase by the adsorbed microgel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa V. Sigolaeva
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.S.); (T.Z.S.)
| | | | | | - Dmitry V. Pergushov
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.S.); (T.Z.S.)
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Wang Y, Aoki S, Nara K, Kikuchi Y, Jiao Z, Hasebe Y. Shield, Anchor, and Adhesive Roles of Methylene Blue in Tyrosinase Adsorbed on Carbon Felt for a Flow Injection Amperometric Enzyme Biosensor for Phenolic Substrates and Inhibitors. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:4676-4691. [PMID: 36961887 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c03483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Methylene blue (MB) acted as a stabilizer for preventing surface-induced denaturation of tyrosinase (TYR) adsorbed on a carbon felt (CF) surface, which is based on shield and anchor roles preventing the unfavorable conformational change of TYR on the hydrophobic CF surface. Furthermore, MB acted as an effective adhesive for TYR immobilization on CF. The resulting TYR and MB coadsorbed CF (TYR/MB-CF) worked as an excellent working electrode unit in an electrochemical detector in a flow injection amperometric biosensor, which allowed highly sensitive consecutive determination of not only TYR substrates but also competitive inhibitors. Simultaneous adsorption of TYR and MB from their mixed solution was much useful as compared with step-wise separated adsorption of TYR on the MB-adsorbed CF, which suggests that the binding interaction of MB with TYR in the solution phase is important for this phenomenon. Fluorescence and UV-vis spectroscopy revealed that not only electrostatic forces between the cationic MB and anionic amino acid residues of TYR but also hydrophobic interactions via the phenothiazine ring of MB play a principal binding driving force of MB with TYR at the surface of the TYR molecules. Synchronous fluorescence, three-dimensional fluorescence, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy clarified that the conformation and the secondary structure of TYR slightly changed upon the MB binding, implying that MB binding leads to the modification of the original intramolecular bonding in part.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology LiaoNing, Anshan, LiaoNing 114501, China
| | - Shiori Aoki
- Department of Life Science and Green Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Saitama Institute of Technology, 1690, Fusaiji, Fukaya, Saitama 369-0293, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Nara
- Department of Life Science and Green Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Saitama Institute of Technology, 1690, Fusaiji, Fukaya, Saitama 369-0293, Japan
| | - Yugo Kikuchi
- Department of Life Science and Green Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Saitama Institute of Technology, 1690, Fusaiji, Fukaya, Saitama 369-0293, Japan
| | - Zeting Jiao
- Department of Life Science and Green Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Saitama Institute of Technology, 1690, Fusaiji, Fukaya, Saitama 369-0293, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hasebe
- Department of Life Science and Green Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Saitama Institute of Technology, 1690, Fusaiji, Fukaya, Saitama 369-0293, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Green Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Saitama Institute of Technology, 1690, Fusaiji, Fukaya, Saitama 369-0293, Japan
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7
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Wu H, Zheng B. Hydrogel-Based Multi-enzymatic System for Biosynthesis. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 186:51-76. [PMID: 37306702 DOI: 10.1007/10_2023_220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biosynthesis involving multi-enzymatic reactions is usually an efficient and economic method to produce plentiful important molecules. To increase the product yield in biosynthesis, the involved enzymes can be immobilized to carriers for enhancing enzyme stability, increasing synthesis efficiency and improving enzyme recyclability. Hydrogels with three-dimensional porous structures and versatile functional groups are promising carriers for enzyme immobilization. Herein, we review the recent advances of the hydrogel-based multi-enzymatic system for biosynthesis. First, we introduce the strategies of enzyme immobilization in hydrogel, including the pros and cons of the strategies. Then we overview the recent applications of the multi-enzymatic system for biosynthesis, including cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) and non-protein synthesis, especially high value-added molecules. In the last section, we discuss the future perspective of the hydrogel-based multi-enzymatic system for biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wu
- Institute for Cell Analysis, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Institute for Cell Analysis, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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8
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Controlled synthesis of PEGylated polyelectrolyte nanogels as efficient protein carriers. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 620:322-332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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9
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Xu Y, Zhu H, Denduluri A, Ou Y, Erkamp NA, Qi R, Shen Y, Knowles TPJ. Recent Advances in Microgels: From Biomolecules to Functionality. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2200180. [PMID: 35790106 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The emerging applications of hydrogel materials at different length scales, in areas ranging from sustainability to health, have driven the progress in the design and manufacturing of microgels. Microgels can provide miniaturized, monodisperse, and regulatable compartments, which can be spatially separated or interconnected. These microscopic materials provide novel opportunities for generating biomimetic cell culture environments and are thus key to the advances of modern biomedical research. The evolution of the physical and chemical properties has, furthermore, highlighted the potentials of microgels in the context of materials science and bioengineering. This review describes the recent research progress in the fabrication, characterization, and applications of microgels generated from biomolecular building blocks. A key enabling technology allowing the tailoring of the properties of microgels is their synthesis through microfluidic technologies, and this paper highlights recent advances in these areas and their impact on expanding the physicochemical parameter space accessible using microgels. This review finally discusses the emerging roles that microgels play in liquid-liquid phase separation, micromechanics, biosensors, and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Xu
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Hongjia Zhu
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Akhila Denduluri
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Yangteng Ou
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Nadia A Erkamp
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Runzhang Qi
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Yi Shen
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Tuomas P J Knowles
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
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Pandey R, Lu Y, Osman E, Saxena S, Zhang Z, Qian S, Pollinzi A, Smieja M, Li Y, Soleymani L, Hoare T. DNAzyme-Immobilizing Microgel Magnetic Beads Enable Rapid, Specific, Culture-Free, and Wash-Free Electrochemical Quantification of Bacteria in Untreated Urine. ACS Sens 2022; 7:985-994. [PMID: 35384648 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c02440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rapid, ultrasensitive, and specific detection and identification of bacteria in unprocessed clinical specimens is critically needed to enable point-of-care diagnosis of infectious diseases. However, existing systems require sample processing and/or analyte enrichment for direct bacterial analysis in clinical samples, which significantly adds to the assay time and complexity. Herein, we integrate RNA-cleaving DNAzymes specific to Escherichia coli (E. coli) and programmed for electrochemical signal transduction, multifunctional microgel magnetic beads for immobilizing the DNAzyme into a hydrated and three-dimensional scaffold, and hierarchical electrodes for ultrasensitive electrochemical readout to achieve rapid bacterial analysis in undiluted and unprocessed urine collected from symptomatic patients suspected of having urinary tract infections (UTIs). The microgel magnetic bead assay enables highly efficient conjugation and hydration of the immobilized DNAzymes, resulting in low limits-of-detection of 6 CFU/mL in buffer and 138 CFU/mL in unprocessed urine with high specificity against multiple urinary pathogens within a 1 hour assay time. The assay successfully identifies which patients are infected with E. coli as the causative organism for their UTI symptoms, indicating the clinical relevance of this assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Pandey
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Yang Lu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Enas Osman
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Survanshu Saxena
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Zijie Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Shuwen Qian
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Angela Pollinzi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Marek Smieja
- Department of Medicine, Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Research St. Joseph’s Hamilton, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Yingfu Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Leyla Soleymani
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Todd Hoare
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
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11
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Shen J, Chen R, Wang J, Zhao Z, Gu R, Brash JL, Chen H. One-step surface modification strategy with composition-tunable microgels: From bactericidal surface to cell-friendly surface. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 212:112372. [PMID: 35114438 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As modifiers for biomaterial surfaces, soft colloidal particles not only have good film-forming properties, but can also contribute to the function of the biomaterial via their chemical and biological properties. This general approach has proven effective for surface modification, but little is known about methods to control the properties of the colloidal particles to regulate film formation and biological function. In this work, we prepared poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) microgels (ZQP) containing both a zwitterionic component (Z) to provide anti-fouling functionality, and a quaternary ammonium salt (Q) to give bactericidal functionality. Fine-tuning of the Z and Q contents allowed the preparation of microgels over a range of particle size, size distribution, charge, and film-forming capability. The films showed anti-adhesion and contact-killing properties versus Escherichia coli (E. Coli), depending on the chemical composition. They also showed excellent cytocompatibility relative to L929 cells. A variety of microgel-coated substrates (silicon wafer, PDMS, PU, PVC) showed long-term anti-bacterial activity and resistance to chemical and mechanical treatments. It is concluded that this approach allows the preparation of effective bactericidal, cytocompatible surfaces. The properties can be fine-tuned by regulation of the microgel composition, and the method is applicable universally, i.e., independent of substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
| | - Rui Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
| | - Jinghong Wang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Ziqing Zhao
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Rong Gu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - John L Brash
- Department of Chemical Engineering and School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hong Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
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Ni J, Wan Y, Cai Y, Ding P, Cohen Stuart MA, Wang J. Synthesis of Anionic Nanogels for Selective and Efficient Enzyme Encapsulation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:3234-3243. [PMID: 35212549 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c03325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte nanogels containing cross-linked ionic polymer networks feature both soft environment and intrinsic charges which are of great potential for enzyme encapsulation. In this work, well-defined poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) nanogels have been synthesized based on a facile strategy, namely, electrostatic assembly directed polymerization (EADP). Specifically, AA monomers are polymerized together with a cross-linker in the presence of a cationic-neutral diblock copolymer as the template. Effects of control factors including pH, salt concentration, and cross-linking degree have been investigated systematically, based on which the optimal preparation of PAA nanogels has been established. The obtained nanogel features not only compatible pocket for safely loading enzymes without disturbing their structures, but also abundant negative charges which enable selective and efficient encapsulation of cationic enzymes. The loading capacities of PAA nanogels for cytochrome (cyt c) and lysozyme are 100 and 125 μg/mg (enzyme/nanogel), respectively. More notably, the PAA network seems to modulate a favorable microenvironment for cyt c and induces 2-fold enhanced activity for the encapsulated enzymes, as indicated by the steady-state kinetic assay. Our study reveals the control factors of EADP for optimal synthesis of anionic nanogels and validates their distinctive advances with respect to efficient loading and activation of cationic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Ni
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Wan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Martien A Cohen Stuart
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyou Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
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13
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14
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Panova IG, Sudareva EA, Novoskoltseva OA, Spiridonov VV, Shtilman MI, Richtering W, Yaroslavov AA. Temperature-induced unloading of liposomes bound to microgels. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Cai Y, Ding P, Ni J, Zhou L, Ahmad A, Guo X, Cohen Stuart MA, Wang J. Regulated Polyelectrolyte Nanogels for Enzyme Encapsulation and Activation. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:4748-4757. [PMID: 34628859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte (PE) nanogels consisting of cross-linked PE networks integrate the advanced features of both nanogels and PEs. The soft environment and abundant intrinsic charges are of special interest for enzyme immobilization. However, the crucial factors that regulate enzyme encapsulation and activation remain obscure to date. Herein, we synthesized cationic poly (dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate), PDMAEMA, nanogels with well-defined size and cross-link degrees and fully investigated the effects of different control factors on lipase immobilization. We demonstrate that the cationic PDMAEMA nanogels indeed enable efficient and safe loading of anionic lipase without disturbing their structures. Strong charge interaction achieved by tuning pH and larger particle size are favorable for lipase loading, while the enhanced enzymatic activity demands nanogels with smaller size and a moderate cross-link degree. As such, PDMAEMA nanogels with a hydrodynamic radius of 35 nm and 30% cross-linker fraction display the optimal catalytic efficiency, which is fourfold of that of free lipase. Moreover, the immobilization endows enhanced enzymatic activity in a broad scope of pH, ionic strength, and temperature, demonstrating effective protection and activation of lipase by the designed nanogels. Our study validates the crucial controls of the size and structure of PE nanogels on enzyme encapsulation and activation, and the revealed findings shall be helpful for designing functional PE nanogels and boosting their applications for enzyme immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaying Ni
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Ayyaz Ahmad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, MNS University of Engineering and Technology, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Xuhong Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Martien A Cohen Stuart
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyou Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
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16
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Marcisz K, Romanski J, Karbarz M. Electroresponsive microgel able to form a monolayer on gold through self-assembly. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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17
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Nasimova IR, Rudyak VY, Doroganov AP, Kharitonova EP, Kozhunova EY. Microstructured Macromaterials Based on IPN Microgels. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13071078. [PMID: 33805579 PMCID: PMC8036913 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the formation of microstructured macromaterials from thermo- and pH-sensitive microgels based on interpenetrating networks of poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM) and polyacrylic acid (PAA). Macromaterials are produced as a result of the deposition of microgel particles and subsequent crosslinking of polyacrylic acid subnetworks to each other due to the formation of the anhydride bonds during annealing. Since both PNIPAM and PAA are environment-sensitive polymers, one can expect that their conformational state during material development will affect its resulting properties. Thus, the influence of conditions of preparation for annealing (pH of the solution, the temperature of preliminary drying) on the swelling behavior, pH- and thermosensitivity, and macromaterial inner structure was investigated. In parallel, the study of the effect of the relative conformations of the IPN microgel subnetworks on the formation of macromaterials was carried out by the computer simulations method. It was shown that the properties of the prepared macromaterials strongly depend both on the temperature and pH of the PNIPAM-PAA IPN microgel dispersions. This opens up new opportunities to obtain materials with pre-chosen characteristics and environmental sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Rashitovna Nasimova
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.Y.R.); (A.P.D.); (E.P.K.); (E.Y.K.)
- Russian Academy of Science, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Vladimir Yurievich Rudyak
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.Y.R.); (A.P.D.); (E.P.K.); (E.Y.K.)
| | - Anton Pavlovich Doroganov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.Y.R.); (A.P.D.); (E.P.K.); (E.Y.K.)
| | - Elena Petrovna Kharitonova
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.Y.R.); (A.P.D.); (E.P.K.); (E.Y.K.)
| | - Elena Yurievna Kozhunova
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.Y.R.); (A.P.D.); (E.P.K.); (E.Y.K.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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18
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Fan X, Teng CP, Yeo JCC, Li Z, Wang T, Chen H, Jiang L, Hou X, He C, Liu J. Temperature and pH Responsive Light-Harvesting System Based on AIE-Active Microgel for Cell Imaging. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2000716. [PMID: 33543517 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A highly emissive microgel is synthesized by polymerizing tetraphenylethene (TPE) based comonomers, acrylic acid, NIPAM, and permanent crosslinker ethylenebisacrylamide (BIS) (named as TPE microgel), which exhibited temperature responsive fluorescence emission. Rhodamine B (RhB), a positively charged molecule, is then inserted onto the surface of fabricated microgels through electrostatic interaction. As a result, a novel artificial light harvesting system with high energy transfer efficiency is constructed (named as TPE microgel-RhB light harvesting system), which is the first light harvesting system based on TPE microgels presenting dual response to pH and temperature. MTT assay indicates the fabricated TPE microgel and TPE microgel-RhB light harvesting system has good cytocompatibility. The strong fluorescence and good cytocompatibility make them perfect candidates for cell imaging. The prepared emissive microgel and light-harvesting system with desirable fluorescent property not only provide a new strategy for the fabrication of tunable luminescent nanomaterials, but also expand potential applications in the fields of stomach recognition, temperature sensors, and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Fan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Choon Peng Teng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Jayven Chee Chuan Yeo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117576, Singapore.,Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Tingting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Haiming Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Lu Jiang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Xunan Hou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Chaobin He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117576, Singapore.,Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Junqiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
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19
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Loading of doxorubicin into surface-attached stimuli-responsive microgels and its subsequent release under different conditions. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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20
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Pourjavadi A, Heydarpour R, Tehrani ZM. Multi-stimuli-responsive hydrogels and their medical applications. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02260a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the medical applications of multi-stimuli-responsive hydrogels as self-healing hydrogels, antibacterial materials and drug-delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Pourjavadi
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Avenue, P. O. Box 11365-9516, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rozhin Heydarpour
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Avenue, P. O. Box 11365-9516, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Mazaheri Tehrani
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Avenue, P. O. Box 11365-9516, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Keskin D, Tromp L, Mergel O, Zu G, Warszawik E, van der Mei HC, van Rijn P. Highly Efficient Antimicrobial and Antifouling Surface Coatings with Triclosan-Loaded Nanogels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:57721-57731. [PMID: 33320528 PMCID: PMC7775744 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional nanogel coatings provide a promising antimicrobial strategy against biomedical implant-associated infections. Nanogels can create a hydrated surface layer to promote antifouling properties effectively. Further modification of nanogels with quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) potentiates antimicrobial activity owing to their positive charges along with the presence of a membrane-intercalating alkyl chain. This study effectively demonstrates that poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N-[3(dimethylamino)propyl]methacrylamide) (P(NIPAM-co-DMAPMA)-based nanogel coatings possess antifouling behavior against S. aureus ATCC 12600, a Gram-positive bacterium. Through the tertiary amine in the DMAPMA comonomer, nanogels are quaternized with a 1-bromo-dodecane chain via an N-alkylation reaction. The alkylation introduces the antibacterial activity due to the bacterial membrane binding and the intercalating ability of the aliphatic QAC. Subsequently, the quaternized nanogels enable the formation of intraparticle hydrophobic domains because of intraparticle hydrophobic interactions of the aliphatic chains allowing for Triclosan incorporation. The coating with Triclosan-loaded nanogels shows a killing efficacy of up to 99.99% of adhering bacteria on the surface compared to nonquaternized nanogel coatings while still possessing an antifouling activity. This powerful multifunctional coating for combating biomaterial-associated infection is envisioned to greatly impact the design approaches for future clinically applied coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damla Keskin
- University of Groningen and University
Medical Center Groningen, Department of
Biomedical Engineering, W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering
and Materials Science, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa Tromp
- University of Groningen and University
Medical Center Groningen, Department of
Biomedical Engineering, W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering
and Materials Science, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Olga Mergel
- University of Groningen and University
Medical Center Groningen, Department of
Biomedical Engineering, W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering
and Materials Science, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guangyue Zu
- University of Groningen and University
Medical Center Groningen, Department of
Biomedical Engineering, W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering
and Materials Science, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eliza Warszawik
- University of Groningen and University
Medical Center Groningen, Department of
Biomedical Engineering, W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering
and Materials Science, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henny C. van der Mei
- University of Groningen and University
Medical Center Groningen, Department of
Biomedical Engineering, W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering
and Materials Science, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick van Rijn
- University of Groningen and University
Medical Center Groningen, Department of
Biomedical Engineering, W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering
and Materials Science, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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Nöth M, Hussmann L, Belthle T, El-Awaad I, Davari MD, Jakob F, Pich A, Schwaneberg U. MicroGelzymes: pH-Independent Immobilization of Cytochrome P450 BM3 in Microgels. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:5128-5138. [PMID: 33206503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Microgels are an emerging class of "ideal" enzyme carriers because of their chemical and process stability, biocompatibility, and high enzyme loading capability. In this work, we synthesized a new type of permanently positively charged poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (PVCL) microgel with 1-vinyl-3-methylimidazolium (quaternization of nitrogen by methylation of N-vinylimidazole moieties) as a comonomer (PVCL/VimQ) through precipitation polymerization. The PVCL/VimQ microgels were characterized with respect to their size, charge, swelling degree, and temperature responsiveness in aqueous solutions. P450 monooxygenases are usually challenging to immobilize, and often, high activity losses occur after the immobilization (in the case of P450 BM3 from Bacillus megaterium up to 100% loss of activity). The electrostatic immobilization of P450 BM3 in permanently positively charged PVCL/VimQ microgels was achieved without the loss of catalytic activity at the pH optimum of P450 BM3 (pH 8; ∼9.4 nmol 7-hydroxy-3-carboxy coumarin ethyl ester/min for free and immobilized P450 BM3); the resulting P450-microgel systems were termed P450 MicroGelzymes (P450 μ-Gelzymes). In addition, P450 μ-Gelzymes offer the possibility of reversible ionic strength-triggered release and re-entrapment of the biocatalyst in processes (e.g., for catalyst reuse). Finally, a characterization of the potential of P450 μ-Gelzymes to provide resistance against cosolvents (acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, and 2-propanol) was performed to evaluate the biocatalytic application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Nöth
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraβe 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Larissa Hussmann
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraβe 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomke Belthle
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraβe 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Islam El-Awaad
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraβe 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, 71526 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mehdi D Davari
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix Jakob
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraβe 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrij Pich
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraβe 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Aachen Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Schwaneberg
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraβe 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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24
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Buratti E, Sanzari I, Dinelli F, Prodromakis T, Bertoldo M. Formation and Stability of Smooth Thin Films with Soft Microgels Made of Poly( N-Isopropylacrylamide) and Poly(Acrylic Acid). Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2638. [PMID: 33182647 PMCID: PMC7697199 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, soft microgels of Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) at two different sizes and of interpenetrated polymer network (IPN) composed of PNIPAm and Poly(Acrylic Acid) (PAAc) were synthesized. Then, solutions of these different types of microgels have been spin-coated on glass substrates with different degrees of hydrophobicity. PNIPAm particles with a larger diameter form either patches or a continuous layer, where individual particles are still distinct, depending on the dispersion concentration and spin speed. On the other, PNIPAm particles with a smaller diameter and IPN particles form a continuous and smooth film, with a thickness depending on the dispersion concentration and spin-speed. The difference in morphology observed can be explained if one considers that the microgels may behave as colloidal particles or macromolecules, depending on their size and composition. Additionally, the microgel size and composition can also affect the stability of the depositions when rinsed in water. In particular, we find that the smooth and continuous films show a stimuli-dependent stability on parameters such as temperature and pH, while large particle layers are stable under any condition except on hydrophilic glass by washing at 50 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Buratti
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico Fisici del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IPCF-CNR), sede di Pisa, via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
- Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISC-CNR), sede Sapienza, Pz.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Ilaria Sanzari
- Zepler Institute for Photonics and Nanoelectronics, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (I.S.); (T.P.)
| | - Franco Dinelli
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (INO-CNR), via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Themistoklis Prodromakis
- Zepler Institute for Photonics and Nanoelectronics, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (I.S.); (T.P.)
| | - Monica Bertoldo
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattivitá del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISOF-CNR), via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, via L. Borsari, 45121 Ferrara, Italy
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25
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Minato H, Nishizawa Y, Uchihashi T, Suzuki D. Thermoresponsive structural changes of single poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) hydrogel microspheres under densely packed conditions on a solid substrate. Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-020-0372-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Agnihotri P, Raj R, Kumar D, Dan A. Short oligo(ethylene glycol) chain incorporated thermoresponsive microgels: from structural analysis to modulation of solution properties. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:7845-7859. [PMID: 32756713 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01187h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report synthesis of thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylaccrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgels with short oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) chain comonomers (1 to 4/5 repeating unit) by surfactant-free precipitation copolymerization. The efficient incorporation of the comonomers was confirmed by a complete set of characterization methods viz., FTIR, 1H NMR, TEM, DLS, and viscometry. The structural heterogeneity and the distribution of the comonomers within the microgels were determined by means of 1H high-resolution transverse relaxation magnetization measurements. Interestingly, the incorporation of these short OEG chain comonomers led to the formation of a core-corona structure, in which the comonomers were mainly located in the core of the polymeric network with PNIPAM dangling chains at the microgel periphery. The experimental investigations of deswelling behaviours revealed that the OEG chains allowed precise control over the colloidal properties, including phase transition, particles size, swelling degree and polydispersity of the microgels. The tuneability of these properties that was interpreted in terms of polymeric hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance as well as structural diversity, could be achieved by changing the OEG chain length, comonomer feed and crosslinking density. Further, we found that the microgels with more hydrophilic OEG chains were able to show a higher relative swelling, and the same solid content thus led to a higher viscosity at all temperatures. The OEG chains remarkably improved the colloidal stability of the microgels in electrolyte solutions even at higher temperatures, thereby paving the way for the use of these microgels in a range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanshi Agnihotri
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University - Chandigarh, Sector 14, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Ritu Raj
- Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus, Raibareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus, Raibareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhijit Dan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University - Chandigarh, Sector 14, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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Switacz VK, Wypysek SK, Degen R, Crassous JJ, Spehr M, Richtering W. Influence of Size and Cross-Linking Density of Microgels on Cellular Uptake and Uptake Kinetics. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:4532-4544. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria K. Switacz
- Department of Chemosensation, Institute of Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sarah K. Wypysek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Rudolf Degen
- Department of Chemosensation, Institute of Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jérôme J. Crassous
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Marc Spehr
- Department of Chemosensation, Institute of Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Walter Richtering
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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30
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Xiao C, Chen C, Yao Y, Liu H, Chen L, Qian L, Kim SH. Nanoasperity Adhesion of the Silicon Surface in Humid Air: The Roles of Surface Chemistry and Oxidized Layer Structures. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:5483-5491. [PMID: 32357012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The interfacial adhesion between silicon oxide surfaces is normally believed to be governed by the surface chemistry of the topmost surface affecting the water contact angle and hydrogen bonding interactions. In the case of a silicon wafer, the physical structure of the native oxide at the surface can vary drastically depending on the aging process; thus, not only the surface chemistry but also the history of surface treatment can also have a profound impact on nanoasperity adhesion. This study reports the effect of aging conditions (ambient air, liquid water, and liquid ethanol) on the nanoasperity adhesion behaviors of a silicon surface. When the silicon surface is kept in liquid alcohol, the surface remains hydrophobic, and adhesion in ambient air can be explained with the capillary effect of the liquid meniscus condensed around the annulus of the nanoasperity contact. When the silicon surface is oxidized in ambient air, the surface gradually becomes hydrophilic, and the strongly hydrogen-bonded water network of adsorbed water plays a dominant role in the nanoasperity interfacial adhesion force. When the silicon surface is aged in liquid water, the interfacial adhesion force measured in ambient air is significantly larger than the value predicted from the theoretical model based on the water contact angle and the hydrogen bonding interaction at the topmost surface. This is because the surface layer oxidized in liquid water is gel-like and thus can swell upon uptake of water from the humid air. To fully encompass all these behaviors, a solid-adsorbate-solid model predicting the adhesion force is developed by introducing a fitting parameter β, which can be adjusted depending on the adsorbed water structure and the swelling capacity of the oxidized surface layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xiao
- Tribology Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Chao Chen
- Tribology Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yangyang Yao
- Tribology Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Hongshen Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Lei Chen
- Tribology Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Linmao Qian
- Tribology Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Seong H Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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31
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Schneider S, Jung F, Mergel O, Lammertz J, Nickel AC, Caumanns T, Mhamdi A, Mayer J, Mitsos A, Plamper FA. Model-based design and synthesis of ferrocene containing microgels. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00494g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Modelling and synthesis go hand in hand to efficiently engineer copolymer microgels with various architectures: core–shell structures (with ferrocene mainly in the core or in the shell) and also microgels with homogeneous comonomer distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Schneider
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Falco Jung
- Aachener Verfahrenstechnik
- Process Systems Engineering
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52074 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Olga Mergel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering-FB40
- University of Groningen
- University Medical Center Groningen
- Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | - Janik Lammertz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Anne C. Nickel
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Tobias Caumanns
- GFE Central Facility for Electron Microscopy
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52074 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Adel Mhamdi
- Aachener Verfahrenstechnik
- Process Systems Engineering
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52074 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Joachim Mayer
- GFE Central Facility for Electron Microscopy
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52074 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Alexander Mitsos
- Aachener Verfahrenstechnik
- Process Systems Engineering
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52074 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Felix A. Plamper
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
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32
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Hoppe Alvarez L, Eisold S, Gumerov RA, Strauch M, Rudov AA, Lenssen P, Merhof D, Potemkin II, Simon U, Wöll D. Deformation of Microgels at Solid-Liquid Interfaces Visualized in Three-Dimension. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:8862-8867. [PMID: 31642321 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Solid-liquid interfaces play an important role for functional devices. Hence, a detailed understanding of the interaction of soft matter objects with solid supports and of the often concomitant structural deformations is of great importance. We address this topic in a combined experimental and simulation approach. We investigated thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide) microgels (μGs) at different surfaces in an aqueous environment. As super-resolution fluorescence imaging method, three-dimensional direct stochastical optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) allowed for visualizing μGs in their three-dimensional (3D) shape, for example, in a "fried-egg" conformation depending on the hydrophilicity of the surface (strength of adsorption). The 3D shape, as defined by point clouds obtained from single-molecule localizations, was analyzed. A new fitting algorithm yielded an isosurface of constant density which defines the deformation of μGs at the different surfaces. The presented methodology quantifies deformation of objects with fuzzy surfaces and allows for comparison of their structures, whereby it is completely independent from the data acquisition method. Finally, the experimental data are complemented with mesoscopic computer simulations in order to (i) rationalize the experimental results and (ii) to track the evolution of the shape with changing surface hydrophilicity; a good correlation of the shapes obtained experimentally and with computer simulations was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hoppe Alvarez
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 2 , D-52056 Aachen , Germany
| | - Sabine Eisold
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1 a , D-52056 Aachen , Germany
| | - Rustam A Gumerov
- Physics Department , Lomonosov Moscow State University , Leninskie Gory 1-2 , Moscow 119991 , Russian Federation
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials , Forckenbeckstraße 50 , D-52056 Aachen , Germany
| | - Martin Strauch
- Institute of Imaging and Computer Vision , RWTH Aachen University , Kopernikusstraße 16 , 52074 Aachen , Germany
| | - Andrey A Rudov
- Physics Department , Lomonosov Moscow State University , Leninskie Gory 1-2 , Moscow 119991 , Russian Federation
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials , Forckenbeckstraße 50 , D-52056 Aachen , Germany
| | - Pia Lenssen
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 2 , D-52056 Aachen , Germany
| | - Dorit Merhof
- Institute of Imaging and Computer Vision , RWTH Aachen University , Kopernikusstraße 16 , 52074 Aachen , Germany
| | - Igor I Potemkin
- Physics Department , Lomonosov Moscow State University , Leninskie Gory 1-2 , Moscow 119991 , Russian Federation
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials , Forckenbeckstraße 50 , D-52056 Aachen , Germany
- National Research South Ural State University , Chelyabinsk 454080 , Russian Federation
| | - Ulrich Simon
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1 a , D-52056 Aachen , Germany
| | - Dominik Wöll
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 2 , D-52056 Aachen , Germany
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33
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Schulte MF, Scotti A, Brugnoni M, Bochenek S, Mourran A, Richtering W. Tuning the Structure and Properties of Ultra-Low Cross-Linked Temperature-Sensitive Microgels at Interfaces via the Adsorption Pathway. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:14769-14781. [PMID: 31638406 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The structure of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgels adsorbed onto a solid substrate is investigated in the dry and hydrated states by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM). We compare two different systems: a regularly cross-linked microgel containing 5 mol % cross-linker and ultra-low cross-linked microgels (ULC) prepared without a dedicated cross-linker. Furthermore, we compare three different adsorption processes: (i) in situ adsorption from solution, (ii) spin-coating, and (iii) Langmuir-Blodgett deposition from an oil-water interface. The results demonstrate that the morphology and the temperature-induced collapse of microgels adsorbed onto a solid substrate are very different for ultra-low cross-linked microgels as compared to regularly cross-linked microgels, despite the fact that their general behavior in solution is very similar. Furthermore, the morphology of ULC microgels can be controlled by the adsorption pathway onto the substrate. Absorbed ULC microgels are strongly deformed when being prepared either by spin-coating or by Langmuir-Blodgett deposition from an oil-water interface. After rehydration, the ULC microgels cannot collapse as entire objects, instead small globules are formed. Such a strong deformation can be avoided by in situ adsorption onto the substrate. Then, the ULC microgels exhibit half-ellipsoidal shapes with a smooth surface in the collapsed state similar to the more cross-linked microgels. As ULC microgels can be selectively trapped either in a more particle-like or in a more polymer-like behavior, coatings with strongly different topographies and properties can be prepared by one and the same ultra-low cross-linked microgel. This provides new opportunities for the development of smart polymeric coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Friederike Schulte
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 2 , 52056 Aachen , Germany
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials , Forckenbeckstr. 50 , 52056 Aachen , Germany
| | - Andrea Scotti
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 2 , 52056 Aachen , Germany
| | - Monia Brugnoni
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 2 , 52056 Aachen , Germany
| | - Steffen Bochenek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 2 , 52056 Aachen , Germany
| | - Ahmed Mourran
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials , Forckenbeckstr. 50 , 52056 Aachen , Germany
| | - Walter Richtering
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 2 , 52056 Aachen , Germany
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials , Forckenbeckstr. 50 , 52056 Aachen , Germany
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34
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Wang J, Liu Y, Chen R, Zhang Z, Chen G, Chen H. Ultralow Self-Cross-Linked Poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) Microgels Prepared by Solvent Exchange. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:13991-13998. [PMID: 31596589 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We found that the poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) synthesized by free-radical polymerization in organic phase could also form stable microgels in water through solvent exchange without chemical cross-linkers. Dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy showed the larger swelling ratio and higher deformability of these microgels. Nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy indicated that the self-cross-linking structures in these microgels were attributed to the hydrogen atom abstraction both from the isopropyl tert-carbon atoms and the vinyl tert-carbon atoms in PNIPAm chains and the organic solvents were important assistants in the hydrogen abstraction behavior. Our discovery revealed that the self-cross-linking of PNIPAm chains is a common phenomenon within their free-radical polymerization process, whether in aqueous phase or in organic phase. Besides, the addition of second monomers will not affect the cross-linkage of the PNIPAm portion, which may be of great significance for the synthesis of various functional ultralow cross-linking PNIPAm microgels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghong Wang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road , Suzhou 215123 , People's Republic of China
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research & School of Physical Science and Technology , Soochow University , Suzhou 215006 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuping Liu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road , Suzhou 215123 , People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road , Suzhou 215123 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zexin Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road , Suzhou 215123 , People's Republic of China
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research & School of Physical Science and Technology , Soochow University , Suzhou 215006 , People's Republic of China
| | - Gaojian Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road , Suzhou 215123 , People's Republic of China
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research & School of Physical Science and Technology , Soochow University , Suzhou 215006 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road , Suzhou 215123 , People's Republic of China
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35
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Zou Z, Gau E, El-Awaad I, Jakob F, Pich A, Schwaneberg U. Selective Functionalization of Microgels with Enzymes by Sortagging. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:2859-2869. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zou
- DWI − Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraβe 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Gau
- DWI − Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraβe 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Islam El-Awaad
- DWI − Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraβe 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Felix Jakob
- DWI − Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraβe 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrij Pich
- DWI − Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraβe 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Aachen Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Urmonderbaan22, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Schwaneberg
- DWI − Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraβe 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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36
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Optical Detection of Fe 3+ Ions in Aqueous Solution with High Selectivity and Sensitivity by Using Sulfasalazine Functionalized Microgels. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19194223. [PMID: 31569397 PMCID: PMC6806204 DOI: 10.3390/s19194223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A highly selective and sensitive optical sensor was developed to colorimetric detect trace Fe3+ ions in aqueous solution. The sensor was the sulfasalazine (SSZ) functionalized microgels (SSZ-MGs), which were fabricated via in-situ quaternization reaction. The obtained SSZ-MGs had hydrodynamic radius of about 259 ± 24 nm with uniform size distribution at 25 °C. The SSZ-MG aqueous suspensions can selectively and sensitively response to Fe3+ ions in aqueous solution at 25 °C and pH of 5.6, which can be quantified by UV-visible spectroscopy and also easily distinguished by the naked eye. Job’s plot indicated that the molar binding ratio of SSZ moiety in SSZ-MGs to Fe3+ was close to 1:1 with an apparent association constant of 1.72 × 104 M−1. A linear range of 0–12 μM with the detection limit of 0.110 μM (0.006 mg/L) was found. The obtained detection limit was much lower than the maximum allowance level of Fe3+ ions in drinking water (0.3 mg/L) regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the United States. The existence of 19 other species of metal ions, namely, Ag+, Li+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Cr3+, Yb3+, La3+, Gd3+, Ce3+, and Bi3+, did not interfere with the detection of Fe3+ ions.
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37
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Murray BS. Microgels at fluid-fluid interfaces for food and drinks. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 271:101990. [PMID: 31330395 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2019.101990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Various aspects of microgel adsorption at fluid-fluid interfaces of relevance to emulsion and foam stabilization have been reviewed. The emphasis is on the wider non-food literature, with a view to highlighting how this understanding can be applied to food-based systems. The various different types of microgel, their methods of formation and their fundamental behavioral traits at interfaces are covered. The latter includes aspects of microgel deformation and packing at interfaces, their deformability, size, swelling and de-swelling and how this affects their surface activity and stabilizing properties. Experimental and theoretical methods for measuring and modelling their behaviour are surveyed, including interactions between microgels themselves at interfaces but also other surface active species. It is concluded that challenges still remain in translating all the possibilities synthetic microgels offer to microgels based on food-grade materials only, but Nature's rich tool box of biopolymers and biosurfactants suggests that this field will still open up important new avenues of food microstructure development and control.
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38
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Wiehemeier L, Brändel T, Hannappel Y, Kottke T, Hellweg T. Synthesis of smart dual-responsive microgels: correlation between applied surfactants and obtained particle morphology. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:5673-5684. [PMID: 31246214 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00690g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Thermo- and pH-responsive copolymer microgels were obtained by surfactant-assisted precipitation polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and acrylic acid (AAc). The surfactants used were sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) and the nonionic n-octyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (C8G1). We investigate the influence of the surfactants on the acrylic acid incorporation rate, the particle size, particle morphology, and the swelling behaviour at pH 4 and pH 7, at which AAc is neutral or charged, respectively. It is shown that each surfactant has a specific influence, which is connected to its role in the polymerization mechanism and its charge. A combined FTIR and PCS study reveals that the particles undergo a temperature-induced change in microstructure, even if the particle hydrodynamic radius does not change significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Wiehemeier
- Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Timo Brändel
- Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Yvonne Hannappel
- Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Tilman Kottke
- Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Thomas Hellweg
- Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, Bielefeld, Germany.
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39
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Tan KH, Xu W, Stefka S, Demco DE, Kharandiuk T, Ivasiv V, Nebesnyi R, Petrovskii VS, Potemkin II, Pich A. Selenium‐Modified Microgels as Bio‐Inspired Oxidation Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:9791-9796. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kok H. Tan
- DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V.RWTH Aachen University Forckenbeckstraße 50 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Wenjing Xu
- DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V.RWTH Aachen University Forckenbeckstraße 50 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Simon Stefka
- DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V.RWTH Aachen University Forckenbeckstraße 50 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Dan E. Demco
- DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V.RWTH Aachen University Forckenbeckstraße 50 52074 Aachen Germany
- Technical University of Cluj-NapocaDepartment of Physics and Chemistry Romania
| | - Tetiana Kharandiuk
- Technology of Organic Products DepartmentLviv Polytechnic National University Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Ivasiv
- Technology of Organic Products DepartmentLviv Polytechnic National University Ukraine
| | - Roman Nebesnyi
- Technology of Organic Products DepartmentLviv Polytechnic National University Ukraine
| | | | - Igor I. Potemkin
- DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V.RWTH Aachen University Forckenbeckstraße 50 52074 Aachen Germany
- Physics DepartmentLomonosov Moscow State University Russian Federation
- National Research South Ural State University Chelyabinsk Russian Federation
| | - Andrij Pich
- DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V.RWTH Aachen University Forckenbeckstraße 50 52074 Aachen Germany
- Aachen Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM)Maastricht University Urmonderbaan 22 6167 RD Geleen The Netherlands
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40
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Tan KH, Xu W, Stefka S, Demco DE, Kharandiuk T, Ivasiv V, Nebesnyi R, Petrovskii VS, Potemkin II, Pich A. Selenmodifizierte Mikrogele als bioinspirierte Oxidationskatalysatoren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kok H. Tan
- DWI Leibniz Institute für Interaktive Materialien e.V.RWTH Aachen Forckenbeckstraße 50 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Wenjing Xu
- DWI Leibniz Institute für Interaktive Materialien e.V.RWTH Aachen Forckenbeckstraße 50 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Simon Stefka
- DWI Leibniz Institute für Interaktive Materialien e.V.RWTH Aachen Forckenbeckstraße 50 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Dan E. Demco
- DWI Leibniz Institute für Interaktive Materialien e.V.RWTH Aachen Forckenbeckstraße 50 52074 Aachen Deutschland
- Technical University of Cluj-NapocaDepartment of Physics and Chemistry Rumänien
| | - Tetiana Kharandiuk
- Technology of Organic Products DepartmentLviv Polytechnic National University Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Ivasiv
- Technology of Organic Products DepartmentLviv Polytechnic National University Ukraine
| | - Roman Nebesnyi
- Technology of Organic Products DepartmentLviv Polytechnic National University Ukraine
| | | | - Igor I. Potemkin
- DWI Leibniz Institute für Interaktive Materialien e.V.RWTH Aachen Forckenbeckstraße 50 52074 Aachen Deutschland
- Physics DepartmentLomonosov Moscow State University Russische Förderation
- National Research South Ural State University Chelyabinsk Russische Förderation
| | - Andrij Pich
- DWI Leibniz Institute für Interaktive Materialien e.V.RWTH Aachen Forckenbeckstraße 50 52074 Aachen Deutschland
- Aachen Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM)Maastricht University Urmonderbaan 22 6167 RD Geleen Niederlande
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41
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Ivashkov OV, Yakimova TM, Evtushenko EG, Gelissen AP, Plamper FA, Richtering W, Yaroslavov AA. On the mechanism of payload release from liposomes bound to temperature-sensitive microgel particles. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Brosel-Oliu S, Mergel O, Uria N, Abramova N, van Rijn P, Bratov A. 3D impedimetric sensors as a tool for monitoring bacterial response to antibiotics. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:1436-1447. [PMID: 30882115 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc01220b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The presence of antimicrobial contaminants like antibiotics in the environment is a major concern because they promote the emergence and the spread of multidrug resistant bacteria. Since the conventional systems for the determination of bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics rely on culturing methods that require long processing times, the implementation of novel strategies is highly required for fast and point-of-care applications. Here the development and characterization of a novel label-free biosensing platform based on a microbial biosensor approach to perform antibiotic detection bioassays in diluted solution is presented. The microbial biosensor is based on a three-dimensional interdigitated electrode array (3D-IDEA) impedimetric transducer with immobilized E. coli bacteria. In 3D-IDEA to increase the sensitivity to superficial impedance changes the electrode digits are separated by insulating barriers. A novel strategy is employed to selectively immobilize bacteria in the spaces over the electrode digits between the barriers, referred to here as trenches, in order to concentrate bacteria, improve the reproducibility of the E. coli immobilization and increase the sensitivity for monitoring bacterial response. For effective attachment of bacteria within the trenches an initial anchoring layer of a highly charged polycation, polyethyleneimine (PEI), was used. To facilitate immobilization of bacteria within the trenches and prevent their deposition on top of the barriers an important novelty is the use of poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide) p(NIPMAM) microgels working as antifouling agents, deposited on top of the barriers by microcontact printing. The reported microbial biosensor approach allows the bacterial response to ampicillin, a bacteriolytic antibiotic, to be registered by means of impedance variations in a rapid and label-free operation that enables new possibilities in bioassays for toxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Brosel-Oliu
- BioMEMS Group, Institute of Microelectronics of Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Esfera UAB-CEI, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - O Mergel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering-FB40A, University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - N Uria
- BioMEMS Group, Institute of Microelectronics of Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Esfera UAB-CEI, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - N Abramova
- BioMEMS Group, Institute of Microelectronics of Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Esfera UAB-CEI, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain. and Lab. Artificial Sensors Syst., ITMO University, Kronverskiy pr. 49, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - P van Rijn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering-FB40A, University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A Bratov
- BioMEMS Group, Institute of Microelectronics of Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Esfera UAB-CEI, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
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Mutharani B, Ranganathan P, Chen SM. Highly sensitive and selective electrochemical detection of antipsychotic drug chlorpromazine in biological samples based on poly-N-isopropylacrylamide microgel. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2018.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Virtanen OLJ, Kather M, Meyer-Kirschner J, Melle A, Radulescu A, Viell J, Mitsos A, Pich A, Richtering W. Direct Monitoring of Microgel Formation during Precipitation Polymerization of N-Isopropylacrylamide Using in Situ SANS. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:3690-3699. [PMID: 31459582 PMCID: PMC6648459 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) microgels have found various uses in fundamental polymer and colloid science as well as in different applications. They are conveniently prepared by precipitation polymerization. In this reaction, radical polymerization and colloidal stabilization interact with each other to produce well-defined thermosensitive particles of narrow size distribution. However, the underlying mechanism of precipitation polymerization has not been fully understood. In particular, the crucial early stages of microgel formation have been poorly investigated so far. In this contribution, we have used small-angle neutron scattering in conjunction with a stopped-flow device to monitor the particle growth during precipitation polymerization in situ. The average particle volume growth is found to follow pseudo-first order kinetics, indicating that the polymerization rate is determined by the availability of the unreacted monomer, as the initiator concentration does not change considerably during the reaction. This is confirmed by calorimetric investigation of the polymerization process. Peroxide initiator-induced self-crosslinking of N-isopropylacrylamide and the use of the bifunctional crosslinker N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide are shown to decrease the particle number density in the batch. The results of the in situ small-angle neutron scattering measurements indicate that the particles form at an early stage in the reaction and their number density remains approximately the same thereafter. The overall reaction rate is found to be sensitive to monomer and initiator concentration in accordance with a radical solution polymerization mechanism, supporting the results from our earlier studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto L. J. Virtanen
- Institute of Physical
Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52064 Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Kather
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- DWI—Leibniz-Institute for Interactive
Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Julian Meyer-Kirschner
- Aachener Verfahrenstechnik
- Process Systems Engineering, RWTH Aachen
University, Forckenbeckstr.
51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrea Melle
- Institute of Physical
Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52064 Aachen, Germany
- DWI—Leibniz-Institute for Interactive
Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Aurel Radulescu
- Juelich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz
Zentrum (MLZ), Forschungszentrum Juelich
GmbH, Lichtenbergstr.
1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jörn Viell
- Aachener Verfahrenstechnik
- Process Systems Engineering, RWTH Aachen
University, Forckenbeckstr.
51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Mitsos
- Aachener Verfahrenstechnik
- Process Systems Engineering, RWTH Aachen
University, Forckenbeckstr.
51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrij Pich
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- DWI—Leibniz-Institute for Interactive
Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Walter Richtering
- Institute of Physical
Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52064 Aachen, Germany
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45
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Landsgesell J, Nová L, Rud O, Uhlík F, Sean D, Hebbeker P, Holm C, Košovan P. Simulations of ionization equilibria in weak polyelectrolyte solutions and gels. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:1155-1185. [PMID: 30706070 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm02085j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This article recapitulates the state of the art regarding simulations of ionization equilibria of weak polyelectrolyte solutions and gels. We start out by reviewing the essential thermodynamics of ionization and show how the weak polyelectrolyte ionization differs from the ionization of simple weak acids and bases. Next, we describe simulation methods for ionization reactions, focusing on two methods: the constant-pH ensemble and the reaction ensemble. After discussing the advantages and limitations of both methods, we review the existing simulation literature. We discuss coarse-grained simulations of weak polyelectrolytes with respect to ionization equilibria, conformational properties, and the effects of salt, both in good and poor solvent conditions. This is followed by a discussion of branched star-like weak polyelectrolytes and weak polyelectrolyte gels. At the end we touch upon the interactions of weak polyelectrolytes with other polymers, surfaces, nanoparticles and proteins. Although proteins are an important class of weak polyelectrolytes, we explicitly exclude simulations of protein ionization equilibria, unless they involve protein-polyelectrolyte interactions. Finally, we try to identify gaps and open problems in the existing simulation literature, and propose challenges for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Landsgesell
- Institute for Computational Physics, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 3, Stuttgart, Germany.
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Keskin D, Mergel O, van der Mei HC, Busscher HJ, van Rijn P. Inhibiting Bacterial Adhesion by Mechanically Modulated Microgel Coatings. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:243-253. [PMID: 30512925 PMCID: PMC6335679 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infection is a severe problem especially when associated with biomedical applications. This study effectively demonstrates that poly- N-isopropylmethacrylamide based microgel coatings prevent bacterial adhesion. The coating preparation via a spraying approach proved to be simple and both cost and time efficient creating a homogeneous dense microgel monolayer. In particular, the influence of cross-linking density, microgel size, and coating thickness was investigated on the initial bacterial adhesion. Adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 12600 was imaged using a parallel plate flow chamber setup, which gave insights in the number of the total bacteria adhering per unit area onto the surface and the initial bacterial deposition rates. All microgel coatings successfully yielded more than 98% reduction in bacterial adhesion. Bacterial adhesion depends both on the cross-linking density/stiffness of the microgels and on the thickness of the microgel coating. Bacterial adhesion decreased when a lower cross-linking density was used at equal coating thickness and at equal cross-linking density with a thicker microgel coating. The highest reduction in the number of bacterial adhesion was achieved with the microgel that produced the thickest coating ( h = 602 nm) and had the lowest cross-linking density. The results provided in this paper indicate that microgel coatings serve as an interesting and easy applicable approach and that it can be fine-tuned by manipulating the microgel layer thickness and stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damla Keskin
- University
of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical
Engineering (FB40), W.J. Kolff Institute
for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science (FB41), Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Olga Mergel
- University
of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical
Engineering (FB40), W.J. Kolff Institute
for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science (FB41), Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henny C. van der Mei
- University
of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical
Engineering (FB40), W.J. Kolff Institute
for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science (FB41), Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk J. Busscher
- University
of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical
Engineering (FB40), W.J. Kolff Institute
for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science (FB41), Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick van Rijn
- University
of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical
Engineering (FB40), W.J. Kolff Institute
for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science (FB41), Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of
Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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47
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Wu L, Rathi B, Chen Y, Wu X, Liu H, Li J, Ming A, Han G. Characterization of immobilized tyrosinase - an enzyme that is stable in organic solvent at 100 °C. RSC Adv 2018; 8:39529-39535. [PMID: 35558031 PMCID: PMC9090894 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07559j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a copper-containing enzyme present in plant and animal tissues, which catalyzes the production of melanin and other pigments. In organic solvent, tyrosinase can convert N-acetyl-l-tyrosine ethyl ester (insoluble in aqueous) to a derivative of l-dopamine (a drug used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease). Thus, the performances of tyrosinase in organic solvent have attracted scientific attention since 1980. In this work, we investigated the stability of immobilized tyrosinase at high temperature in anhydrous organic solvent. Triethylaminoethyl cellulose (TEAE-Cellulose) performed the best out of six immobilization platforms. The dry immobilized tyrosinase became extremely thermostable in organic solvent, and the half-life of the dry immobilized tyrosinase in organic solvent is strongly related to the polarity of the organic solvent than their log P value. The immobilized tyrosinase loses its activity instantaneously in aqueous solution at 100 °C, but it keeps enzymatic activity within 10 min in hydrophilic methanol and over one month in hydrophobic hexane (log P: 4.66, non-polar) even incubating at 100 °C. This research provides valuable information for the design of new biocatalysts. Immobilized tyrosinase in hexane can withstand 100 °C over one week, and the half-life of the dry immobilized tyrosinase in organic solvent is strongly related to the polarity of the organic solvent.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Beijing 100141 China.,Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA +16172533556
| | - Brijesh Rathi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA +16172533556.,Laboratory for Translational Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, Hansraj College University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA +16172533556
| | - Xiuhong Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA +16172533556
| | - Huan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Beijing 100141 China
| | - Jincheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Beijing 100141 China
| | - Anjie Ming
- Smart Sensing R&D Center, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100029 China
| | - Gang Han
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Beijing 100141 China
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48
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Arteshi Y, Aghanejad A, Davaran S, Omidi Y. Biocompatible and electroconductive polyaniline-based biomaterials for electrical stimulation. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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49
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Marcisz K, Kaniewska K, Mackiewicz M, Nowinska A, Romanski J, Stojek Z, Karbarz M. Electroactive, Mediating and Thermosensitive Microgel Useful for Covalent Entrapment of Enzymes and Formation of Sensing Layer in Biosensors. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Marcisz
- Faculty of ChemistryBiological and Chemical Research CenterUniversity of Warsaw 101 Żwirki i Wigury Av., PL 02-089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Klaudia Kaniewska
- Faculty of ChemistryBiological and Chemical Research CenterUniversity of Warsaw 101 Żwirki i Wigury Av., PL 02-089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Marcin Mackiewicz
- Faculty of ChemistryBiological and Chemical Research CenterUniversity of Warsaw 101 Żwirki i Wigury Av., PL 02-089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Anna Nowinska
- Faculty of ChemistryBiological and Chemical Research CenterUniversity of Warsaw 101 Żwirki i Wigury Av., PL 02-089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Jan Romanski
- Faculty of ChemistryBiological and Chemical Research CenterUniversity of Warsaw 101 Żwirki i Wigury Av., PL 02-089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Zbigniew Stojek
- Faculty of ChemistryBiological and Chemical Research CenterUniversity of Warsaw 101 Żwirki i Wigury Av., PL 02-089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Marcin Karbarz
- Faculty of ChemistryBiological and Chemical Research CenterUniversity of Warsaw 101 Żwirki i Wigury Av., PL 02-089 Warsaw Poland
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Sigolaeva LV, Pergushov DV, Oelmann M, Schwarz S, Brugnoni M, Kurochkin IN, Plamper FA, Fery A, Richtering W. Surface Functionalization by Stimuli-Sensitive Microgels for Effective Enzyme Uptake and Rational Design of Biosensor Setups. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E791. [PMID: 30960716 PMCID: PMC6403641 DOI: 10.3390/polym10070791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We highlight microgel/enzyme thin films that were deposited onto solid interfaces via two sequential steps, the adsorption of temperature- and pH-sensitive microgels, followed by their complexation with the enzyme choline oxidase, ChO. Two kinds of functional (ionic) microgels were compared in this work in regard to their adsorptive behavior and interaction with ChO, that is, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide), P(NIPAM-co-APMA), bearing primary amino groups, and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N-[3-(dimethylamino) propyl]methacrylamide), P(NIPAM-co-DMAPMA), bearing tertiary amino groups. The stimuli-sensitive properties of the microgels in the solution were characterized by potentiometric titration, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and laser microelectrophoresis. The peculiarities of the adsorptive behavior of both the microgels and the specific character of their interaction with ChO were revealed by a combination of surface characterization techniques. The surface charge was characterized by electrokinetic analysis (EKA) for the initial graphite surface and the same one after the subsequent deposition of the microgels and the enzyme under different adsorption regimes. The masses of wet microgel and microgel/enzyme films were determined by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) upon the subsequent deposition of the components under the same adsorption conditions, on a surface of gold-coated quartz crystals. Finally, the enzymatic responses of the microgel/enzyme films deposited on graphite electrodes to choline were tested amperometrically. The presence of functional primary amino groups in the P(NIPAM-co-APMA) microgel enables a covalent enzyme-to-microgel coupling via glutar aldehyde cross-linking, thereby resulting in a considerable improvement of the biosensor operational stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa V Sigolaeva
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Dmitry V Pergushov
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Marina Oelmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Simona Schwarz
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Monia Brugnoni
- Institute of Physical Chemistry II, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52056 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Ilya N Kurochkin
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygina Str. 4, 119334 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Felix A Plamper
- Institute of Physical Chemistry II, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52056 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Andreas Fery
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
- Physical Chemistry of Polymeric Materials, Technical University of Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Walter Richtering
- Institute of Physical Chemistry II, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52056 Aachen, Germany.
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