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Ganguly A. Effect of proximal electronegative functionalities on the energetics of strained hydrogen bonds: A computational investigation. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Abstract
Despite its great explanatory power in understanding the chemistry of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and related systems, the Clar sextet rule still remains an intuitive and qualitative model with notable exceptions in some cases. Here we develop a quantitative theory of chemical resonance based on semilocalized Clar-type resonance structures (named the Clar resonators) consisting of variable numbers of Clar sextets and C═C bonds. The constructed wave functions of the Clar resonators are used to expand the actual wave function of the π-conjugated system obtained from a DFT or Hartree-Fock calculation. The resultant weights and one-electron energies of the Clar resonators can serve as a quantitative measure of the importance of these resonators. Implementing the theory in our open-source python code EzReson and applying it to over a thousand PAH molecules of different sizes and shapes, we show that the weight of the Clar resonators increases exponentially with increasing number of sextets and that their energy decreases linearly with the latter, thus confirming the general validity of the Clar rule. On the basis of such a large-scale resonance analysis, we propose three extended Clar rules, along with a unified quantitative model, that are able to evaluate the importance of all Clar resonators and the ring aromaticity for PAHs. Using the present theories, we uncover the essential role that the minor Clar resonators may play in correctly understanding the resonance stabilization and local aromaticity of rings, which was totally overlooked in the original Clar model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
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Ganguly A. On the pivotal roles of non-covalent interactions in governing the conformational stability of halo-salicylic acids: an “atoms-in-molecules” perspective. Struct Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-020-01638-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Paul BK. Lack of resonance assistance in a classical intramolecular hydrogen bond: An exploration from quantum theory of atoms‐in‐molecules perspective. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bijan K. Paul
- Department of ChemistryMahadevananda Mahavidyalaya Barrackpore Kolkata India
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Randić M. Benzenoid rings resonance energies and local aromaticity of benzenoid hydrocarbons. J Comput Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milan Randić
- Labortor for Chemometrics; National Institute of Chemistry; Ljubljana Slovenia
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Ganguly A, Paul BK, Guchhait N. Arguing on the roles of various non-covalent interactions in governing the global stabilization/destabilization of 3-hydroxy-2-pyridin-2-yl-propenal: An AIM-based approach. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Paul BK, Ghosh N, Mondal R, Mukherjee S. A critical approach toward resonance-assistance in the intramolecular hydrogen bond interaction of 3,5-diiodosalicylic acid: a spectroscopic and computational investigation. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015; 14:1147-62. [PMID: 25952978 DOI: 10.1039/c5pp00033e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photophysics of a prospective drug molecule, 3,5-diiodosalicylic acid (3,5-DISA), having a wide spectrum of biological and medicinal applications, have been investigated using spectroscopic techniques and computational analyses. The remarkably large Stokes' shifts in various solvents from 3,5-DISA has been intertwined with the occurrence of an excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) reaction. Concurrently, the emergence of an intriguing dual emission feature in less interacting solvents is also reported and the spectral response of 3,5-DISA toward the variation of medium acidity/basicity has been exploited to decipher the nature of various species present in different solvents. Our experimental results, unveiling the occurrence of an ESIPT reaction in 3,5-DISA, have been aptly substantiated from computational studies in which the operation of ESIPT has been explored from structural as well as energetics (analysis of potential energy surface (PES)) perspectives. A major focus of the present study is on the evaluation of the intramolecular hydrogen bond (IMHB) interaction in 3,5-DISA, including the application of various methodologies to estimate the IMHB energy and subsequently, an in-depth analysis of the IMHB interaction reveals its partially covalent nature through the application of advanced quantum chemical tools, e.g., the natural bond orbital (NBO) method. In this context, the interplay between the aromaticity of the benzene nucleus and the IMHB energy has been rigorously explored, showing indications for the occurrence of resonance-assisted hydrogen bonding (RAHB) in 3,5-DISA. To this end, the geometric as well as magnetic criteria of aromaticity have been analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijan K Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Indore By-Pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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Oña-Ruales JO, Ruiz-Morales Y. Extended Y-Rule Method for the Characterization of the Aromatic Sextets in Cata-Condensed Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:12262-73. [DOI: 10.1021/jp510180j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge O. Oña-Ruales
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Yosadara Ruiz-Morales
- Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo, Eje Central Lázaro Cárdenas Norte 152, Mexico City 07730, Mexico
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Paul BK, Ganguly A, Guchhait N. Quantum chemical exploration of the intramolecular hydrogen bond interaction in 2-thiazol-2-yl-phenol and 2-benzothiazol-2-yl-phenol in the context of excited-state intramolecular proton transfer: a focus on the covalency in hydrogen bond. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 131:72-81. [PMID: 24820325 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.03.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The present work demonstrates a computational exploration of the intramolecular H-bond (IMHB) interaction in two model heterocyclic compounds - 2-thiazol-2-yl-phenol (2T2YP) and 2-benzothiazol-2-yl-phenol (2B2YP) by meticulous application of various quantum chemical tools. Major emphasis is rendered on the analysis of IMHB interaction by calculation of electron density ρ(r) and Laplacian ∇(2)ρ(r) at the bond critical point using the Atoms-In-Molecule methodology. Topological features based on ρ(r) suggest that at equilibrium geometry the IMHB interaction develops certain characteristics typical of a covalent interaction. The interplay between aromaticity and Resonance-Assisted H-Bond (RAHB) has also been discussed using both geometrical and magnetic criteria. The occurrence of IMHB interaction in 2T2YP and 2B2YP has also been criticized under the provision of the Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis. The ESIPT phenomenon in the molecular systems is also critically addressed on the lexicon of potential energy surface (PES) analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijan Kumar Paul
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Calcutta 700009, India
| | - Aniruddha Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Calcutta 700009, India
| | - Nikhil Guchhait
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Calcutta 700009, India.
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A computational acumen into the relative applicability of geometrical and quantum chemical criteria in assessing intramolecular hydrogen bonding (IMHB) interaction: 5-Halosalicylic acids as representative examples. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2013.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Paul BK, Guchhait N. Geometrical criteria versus quantum chemical criteria for assessment of intramolecular hydrogen bond (IMHB) interaction: A computational comparison into the effect of chlorine substitution on IMHB of salicylic acid in its lowest energy ground state conformer. Chem Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2012.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Anomalous cyclic conjugation in the perylene/bisanthrene homologous series. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-012-0840-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Randić M, Vukičević D, Balaban AT, Vračko M, Plavšić D. Conjugated circuits currents in hexabenzocoronene and its derivatives formed by joining proximal carbons. J Comput Chem 2012; 33:1111-22. [PMID: 22344894 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.22941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We report on calculated CC bond currents for a dozen derivatives of hexabenzocoroenene in which one or more proximal carbon atoms at the molecular periphery have been bridged. The approach that we use is graph-theoretical in nature, following our outline of this method in 2003, which is based on finding all conjugated circuits in all Kekulé valence structures of these molecules. To the π-electrons having 4n + 2 π-electrons are assigned anticlockwise π-electron currents and to conjugated circuits having 4n π-electrons are assigned π-electron currents. One may summarize the results reported in this work by stating that CC bond currents in the compounds considered decrease on going from peripheral rings to the central ring of the molecule, and also that CC bond currents decrease by insertion of bridges to proximal peripheral benzenoid rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Randić
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Split, Nikole Tesle 12, HR-21000 Split, Croatia
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Paul BK, Guchhait N. A computational investigation on the intramolecular hydrogen bonding interaction and excited state intramolecular proton transfer process in 2-quinolin-2-yl-phenol. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2011.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Balaban AT. Using Clar sextets for two- and three-dimensional aromatic systems. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:20649-58. [PMID: 21947199 DOI: 10.1039/c1cp22162k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
After a brief history of the aromaticity concept, the use of Clar sextet circles is reviewed for explaining various aspects of planar aromatic systems (benzenoids, heterocycles) and of tridimensional carbon aggregates. When folding a graphene sheet for obtaining nanotubes, nanotori, or nanocones, the congruence of Clar sextet circles allows the classification of all such aggregates into two classes (congruent or incongruent) with marked differences in properties; this is in agreement with the well-known condition h - k ≡ 0 (mod 3), equivalent to congruence, in terms of the chiral vectors h and k for graphene sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru T Balaban
- Texas A&M University at Galveston, Department of Marine Sciences, 200 Seawolf Parkway, Galveston, TX 77553-16755, USA.
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Dominikowska J, Palusiak M. Does the concept of Clar's aromatic sextet work for dicationic forms of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons?—testing the model against charged systems in singlet and triplet states. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:11976-84. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp20530g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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A new approach for aromaticity criterion based on electrostatic field gradient. J Mol Model 2010; 17:2017-27. [PMID: 21153907 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-010-0902-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In this research, electric field gradient (EFG), which is the first derivative of electric field, is applied for evaluation of aromaticity of 89 cyclic organic compounds. In our calculations, DFT procedure (b3lyp) with basis set 6-311++G has been employed, and the obtained electronic structures and frequency test has been done for optimized geometries. The aromaticity evaluated for these compounds by EFG procedure is successfully compared with other well-known indices in literature, especially with nuclear independent chemical shift (NICS). These comparisons show that EFG method of assessment of aromaticity can be used as a rather valid procedure for this purpose. Flexibility and simplicity of EFG make this method a rather easy procedure for assessment of aromaticity. Since EFG method of aromaticity evaluation does not need specific programming and it can be done by known software such as Gaussian, therefore, the availability for everyone to calculate desired aromaticity by this method is one of attractive feature of it similar to NICS.
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TÜRKER LEMI, BAYAR ÇAĞLARÇELIK, BALABAN ALEXANDRUT. A DFT Study on Push-Pull (Amino-Nitro) Fulminenes and Hexahelicenes. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10406631003756005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Pompe M, Randić M, Balaban AT. A New Yardstick for Benzenoid Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:11769-76. [DOI: 10.1021/jp805020h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matevz Pompe
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 5, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Milan Randić
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alexandru T. Balaban
- Texas A&M University at Galveston, 5007 Avenue U, Galveston, Texas 77551, and Visiting Scientist at the Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 5, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Gutman
- a Faculty of Science , University of Kragujevac , Kragujevac , Serbia
| | - Boris Furtula
- a Faculty of Science , University of Kragujevac , Kragujevac , Serbia
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Balaban AT, Randić M. Correlations between various ways of accounting for the distribution of π-electrons in benzenoids. NEW J CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b719487k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Partitioning of π-electrons in rings of aza-derivatives of naphthalene. JOURNAL OF THE SERBIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2007. [DOI: 10.2298/jsc0707655g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A recently proposed method for calculating the ?-electron contents (EC) of rings of heteroatom-containing polycyclic conjugated molecules was applied to the aza-derivatives of naphthalene. The main finding was that a nitrogen atom in position ? (resp.?) diminishes (resp. increases) the EC-value of the respective ring. Such a regularity in the displacement of ?-electrons can be (qualitatively) rationalized by means of resonance-theoretical reasoning. .
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Mandado M, González-Moa MJ, Mosquera RA. Chemical graph theory andn-center electron delocalization indices: A study on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. J Comput Chem 2007; 28:1625-33. [PMID: 17342712 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.20647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Relations between aromaticity indices derived from chemical graph theory and those based on 6-center electron delocalization are investigated for a series of polybenzenoid hydrocarbons. Aromatic stabilization obtained by means of the effective scaled electron delocalization is highly correlated to the resonance energy, RE, obtained both from SCF MO calculations and conjugated ring circuits model. Local aromaticity of benzene rings is discussed using two different criteria, in one of them aromaticity is just given by the cyclic pi-electron conjugation of the ring, whereas terms involving more than one ring are also considered in the other one. Indices derived from chemical graph theory and those obtained from the 6-center electron delocalization give rise to the same local aromaticity. Moreover, 6-center electron delocalization provides more quantitative information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Mandado
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultade de Química, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
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Local aromaticity study of heterocycles using n-center delocalization indices: the role of aromaticity on the relative stability of position isomers. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Krygowski TM, Zachara JE, Ośmiałowski B, Gawinecki R. Topology-Driven Physicochemical Properties of π-Εlectron Systems. 1. Does the Clar Rule Work in Cyclic π-Electron Systems with the Intramolecular Hydrogen or Lithium Bond? J Org Chem 2006; 71:7678-82. [PMID: 16995673 DOI: 10.1021/jo061068l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Clar model predicting stability and electron distribution in benzenoid hydrocarbons seems to be also a good predictor for related properties in lithium o-acylphenolates and to a lesser extent in the phenols themselves. This conclusion is based on analysis of geometry changes in the analogues of naphthalene, phenanthrene, anthracene, and triphenylene, where benzene rings are systematically replaced with a quasi-ring formed as a beta-ketoenol or beta-ketoenolate complex with a lithium cation, i.e., where CH-CH-CH fragments are replaced with O...Li...O or O...H...O fragments. These systems were optimized at the MP2/6-31G(2d,p) level of theory. The energy of bond separation reactions in line with aromaticity indices HOMA and NICSs supported the above statement.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Krygowski
- Department of Chemistry, Warsaw University, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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Sedlar J, Anđelić I, Gutman I, Vukičević D, Graovac A. Vindicating the Pauling-bond-order concept. Chem Phys Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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