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Hu S, Zhu H, Bañuelos G, Shutes B, Wang X, Hou S, Yan B. Factors Influencing Gaseous Emissions in Constructed Wetlands: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3876. [PMID: 36900888 PMCID: PMC10001287 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20053876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) are an eco-technology for wastewater treatment and are applied worldwide. Due to the regular influx of pollutants, CWs can release considerable quantities of greenhouse gases (GHGs), ammonia (NH3), and other atmospheric pollutants, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), etc., which will aggravate global warming, degrade air quality and even threaten human health. However, there is a lack of systematic understanding of factors affecting the emission of these gases in CWs. In this study, we applied meta-analysis to quantitatively review the main influencing factors of GHG emission from CWs; meanwhile, the emissions of NH3, VOCs, and H2S were qualitatively assessed. Meta-analysis indicates that horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) CWs emit less CH4 and N2O than free water surface flow (FWS) CWs. The addition of biochar can mitigate N2O emission compared to gravel-based CWs but has the risk of increasing CH4 emission. Polyculture CWs stimulate CH4 emission but pose no influence on N2O emission compared to monoculture CWs. The influent wastewater characteristics (e.g., C/N ratio, salinity) and environmental conditions (e.g., temperature) can also impact GHG emission. The NH3 volatilization from CWs is positively related to the influent nitrogen concentration and pH value. High plant species richness tends to reduce NH3 volatilization and plant composition showed greater effects than species richness. Though VOCs and H2S emissions from CWs do not always occur, it should be a concern when using CWs to treat wastewater containing hydrocarbon and acid. This study provides solid references for simultaneously achieving pollutant removal and reducing gaseous emission from CWs, which avoids the transformation of water pollution into air contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sile Hu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Gary Bañuelos
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Science Center, 9611 South Riverbend Avenue, Parlier, CA 93648-9757, USA
| | - Brian Shutes
- Department of Natural Sciences, Middlesex University, Hendon, London NW4 4BT, UK
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shengnan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Baixing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
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Wang J, Man Y, Ruan W, Tam NFY, Tao R, Yin L, Yang Y, Dai Y, Tai Y. The effect of rhizosphere and the plant species on the degradation of sulfonamides in model constructed wetlands treating synthetic domestic wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132487. [PMID: 34626651 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The effects of and main contributors in rhizosphere and plant species on the degradation of sulfonamides (SAs) in constructed wetland (CW) models for the treatment of domestic wastewater are currently unclear. To investigate the degradation and key rhizosphere factors of mixed SAs with sulfadiazine (SDZ), sulfapyridine (SPD), sulfamerazine (SMZ1), sulfamethazine (SMZ2), and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) at millimeter distances from the root surface, a multi-interlayer rhizobox experiment planted with Cyperus alternifolius, Juncus effusus, Cyperus papyrus, and an unvegetated control was conducted. There was a higher O2 saturation and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content and a lower SA content in the rhizosphere and near/moderate-rhizosphere (0-3 and 3-8 mm from rhizosphere) than the far/non-rhizosphere (8-40 and 40-90 mm from rhizosphere). Bacterial abundance and community composition was indicative of the microbial degradation of SAs. Both the O2 and DOC contents promoted total bacterial abundance in different zones from CW rhizoboxes. The relative abundance of the most dominant bacteria was significantly correlated with O2, DOC, and SAs, except SMX, which also indicates other dissipation processes for SMX in the rhizosphere. Furthermore, more metabolites and aerobic SA-degrading bacteria were observed in the rhizosphere and near/moderate-rhizosphere than in the far/non-rhizosphere zones, suggesting that the effect of O2 in the rhizosphere is important in the degradation of SAs in CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Wang
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Man
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weifeng Ruan
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nora Fung-Yee Tam
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Science, School of Science & Technology, The Open University of Hong Kong, Homantin, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ran Tao
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Le Yin
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yunv Dai
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yiping Tai
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.
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Shen S, Li X, Lu X. Recent developments and applications of floating treatment wetlands for treating different source waters: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:62061-62084. [PMID: 34586569 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16663-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Most water bodies around the world suffer from pollution to varying degrees. Floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) are a simple and efficient ecological treatment technology and have been widely studied and applied as a sustainable solution for different source waters. Based on the analysis of abundant literature in the last ten years, this paper systematically reviews the history and the latest development of FTWs. Meanwhile, the treatment performance and pollutant removal mechanisms of FTWs on the natural water, stormwater, domestic wastewater, industrial wastewater, and agricultural runoff are analyzed. In particular, very interesting information is provided, such as water depth, water surface coverage, the ratio of dissolved to total phosphorous (DRP/TP), the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorous (N/P), BOD/COD ratio, and its effects on the efficiency and removal mechanisms of FTWs. This information will provide useful references and guidance for optimizing the design of FTW and pollutant treatment efficiency of different source waters. This paper also provides an objective review of the limitations of FTWs. Subsequently, the enhancements of FTW technology which are recognized to be effective, including aeration, adding functional fillers or obligate degrading bacteria, and construction of hybrid FTWs, are summarized and recommendations are made for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Shen
- Sch Energy & Environment, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Rd, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- ERC Taihu Lake Water Environment Wuxi, 99 Linghu Rd, Wuxi, 214135, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- Sch Energy & Environment, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Rd, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- ERC Taihu Lake Water Environment Wuxi, 99 Linghu Rd, Wuxi, 214135, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiwu Lu
- Sch Energy & Environment, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Rd, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- ERC Taihu Lake Water Environment Wuxi, 99 Linghu Rd, Wuxi, 214135, People's Republic of China.
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Chen S, Li J, Liu L, He Q, Zhou L, Yang T, Wang X, He P, Zhang H, Jia B. Fabrication of Co/Pr co-doped Ti/PbO 2 anode for efficiently electrocatalytic degradation of β-naphthoxyacetic acid. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 256:127139. [PMID: 32470737 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The existence of β-naphthoxyacetic acid (BNOA) pesticide in water system has aroused serious environmental problem because of its potential toxicity for humans and organisms. Therefore, exploiting an efficient method without secondary pollution is extremely urgent. Herein, a promising Ti/PbO2-Co-Pr composite electrode has been successfully fabricated through simple one-step electrodeposition for efficiently electrocatalytic degradation of BNOA. Compared with Ti/PbO2, Ti/PbO2-Co and Ti/PbO2-Pr electrodes, Ti/PbO2-Co-Pr electrode with smaller pyramidal particles possesses higher oxygen evolution potential, excellent electrochemical stability and outstanding electrocatalytic activity. The optimal degradation condition is assessed by major parameters including temperature, initial pH, current density and Na2SO4 concentration. The degradation efficiency and chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency of BNOA reach up to 94.6% and 84.6%, respectively, under optimal condition (temperature 35 °C, initial pH 5, current density 12 mA cm-2, Na2SO4 concentration 8.0 g L-1 and electrolysis time 3 h). Furthermore, Ti/PbO2-Co-Pr electrode presents economic energy consumption and superior repeatability. Finally, the possible degradation mechanism of BNOA is put forward according to the main intermediate products identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer. The present research paves a new path to degrade BNOA pesticide wastewater with Ti/PbO2-Co-Pr electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouxian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, PR China
| | - Liya Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, PR China
| | - Qihang He
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, PR China
| | - Lianhong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, PR China
| | - Tiantian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, PR China
| | - Xuejiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, PR China
| | - Ping He
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, PR China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Laboratory of Micro-nanoparticle Application Research, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, PR China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Laboratory of Micro-nanoparticle Application Research, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, PR China; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Bin Jia
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Laboratory of Micro-nanoparticle Application Research, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, PR China; Key Laboratory of Shock and Vibration of Engineering Materials and Structures of Sichuan Province, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, PR China
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Nitz H, Duarte M, Jauregui R, Pieper DH, Müller JA, Kästner M. Identification of benzene-degrading Proteobacteria in a constructed wetland by employing in situ microcosms and RNA-stable isotope probing. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 104:1809-1820. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10323-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
Hydrocarbon contamination of water resources is a global issue. These compounds are generated and discharged into the environment in industrial areas from chemical and petrochemical plants, oil refineries, power plants, and so forth. Fuel hydrocarbons, namely, BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes) and MTBE (methyl tert-butyl ether), are commonly found in groundwater, posing environmental and health risks to humans and ecosystems. Nature-based technologies represent an alternative solution, providing high efficiency, an environmentally friendly character, simple operation, and cost efficiency, which are characteristics particularly desired by the international petroleum industry. This article discusses the use of the green technology of constructed wetlands to remediate water polluted with hydrocarbons. Although the number of related international experiences and studies is limited, the article presents the latest developments of wetland technology for the removal of MTBE and benzene-BTEX. The discussion includes the overall efficiency of the different wetland types that have been tested and used, the main transformation and removal processes that regulate the fate of BTEX and MTBE in constructed wetlands, and the potential for future investigations.
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Liu T, Xu S, Lu S, Qin P, Bi B, Ding H, Liu Y, Guo X, Liu X. A review on removal of organophosphorus pesticides in constructed wetland: Performance, mechanism and influencing factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:2247-2268. [PMID: 30332661 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The residues of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) have been widely detected in rivers, the gulf, and even groundwater and drinking water, which may pose a serious threat to aquatic ecosystems and human health. Compared to other treatments, constructed wetlands (CWs) have been demonstrated to be a cost-effective alternative risk mitigation strategy for non-point-source pesticide pollution. This review summarizes 32 studies related to the remediation of OPPs in 117 CWs during 2001-2017 worldwide. The performances, mechanisms and influencing factors in the studies are comprehensively and critically reviewed in this paper. Overall, the OPPs were efficiently removed with an efficiency up to 87.22 ± 16.61%. The removal efficiency, differences and related reasons among different types of CWs in developed and developing countries and the different types of OPPs in CWs are well-evaluated in detail. In addition, the main processes for OPPs removal in CWs involve phytoremediation (plant uptake, phytoaccumulation, phytovolatilization and phytodegradation), substrate adsorption or sedimentation, and biodegradation. Based on the quantitative analysis by mass balance, for water-soluble pesticides, the dominant removal process was via microbiological degradation. This result was in contrast to findings obtained with hydrophobic OPPs, for which the dominant processes were biodegradation and sorption by substrate. Therefore, the behavior of microbial transformation prevails. Additionally, the presence of plants can facilitate the elimination of OPPs in CWs, promoting the process by an average percentage of approximately 6.19 ± 9.46%. Statistical analysis shows that loading of inlet OPPs is the largest limiting factor and that the HRT and T are the most significant parameters that influence the efficiency of trapping OPPs in CWs. Simultaneously, we can also obtain suitable parameters for the design and operation of CWs. This review promotes further research on plant-microbe joint combined remediation and examines the different behaviors of water-soluble and hydrophobic OPPs in CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Shirong Xu
- College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD), National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria an Risk Assessment, Research Centre of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pan Qin
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD), National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria an Risk Assessment, Research Centre of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Bi
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD), National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria an Risk Assessment, Research Centre of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Haodong Ding
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD), National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria an Risk Assessment, Research Centre of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD), National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria an Risk Assessment, Research Centre of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochun Guo
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD), National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria an Risk Assessment, Research Centre of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD), National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria an Risk Assessment, Research Centre of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, People's Republic of China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.
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Tang XY, Yang Y, McBride MB, Tao R, Dai YN, Zhang XM. Removal of chlorpyrifos in recirculating vertical flow constructed wetlands with five wetland plant species. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 216:195-202. [PMID: 30368084 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The removal efficiency of the pesticide chlorpyrifos (50 and 500 μg L-1) by five wetland plant species (Cyperus alternifolius, Canna indica, Iris pseudacorus, Juncus effusus and Typha orientalis) was studied in recirculating vertical flow constructed wetland systems (RVFCWs). Results reveal that for chlorpyrifos at different concentrations, good removal efficiencies (94-98%) were observed using the same plant systems, while no significant differences in removal efficiencies were seen between the different plant systems. In addition, the chlorpyrifos removal efficiency of the planted systems increased significantly compared with the unplanted controls. The chlorpyrifos removal efficiency for wetland systems over time fit to the first-order kinetic model, with the first-order kinetic constant (k) ranging from 0.045 to 0.065 h-1. The half-life of chlorpyrifos in the systems ranged from 10.66-15.43 h. The shortest chlorpyrifos half-life was detected in the wetland system containing C. indica, followed by that with C. alternifolius and I. pseudacorus. The main pathways to remove chlorpyrifos in these wetland systems were sorption (accounting for 64.6-86.4% of the total removal efficiency) and biodegradation (8.1-33.7%). Plants can enhance chlorpyrifos removal through enhanced biodegradation in the system. Plants with high biomass and transpiration were able to accelerate the removal of chlorpyrifos and conventional pollutants. Hence, C. indica, C. alternifolius and I. pseudacorus could be used as optimal plants for pesticide removal in wetland systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Tang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Murray B McBride
- Section of Soil and Crop Sciences, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Ran Tao
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yu-Nv Dai
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiao-Meng Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Gorito AM, Ribeiro AR, Almeida CMR, Silva AMT. A review on the application of constructed wetlands for the removal of priority substances and contaminants of emerging concern listed in recently launched EU legislation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 227:428-443. [PMID: 28486186 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The presence of organic pollutants in the aquatic environment, usually found at trace concentrations (i.e., between ng L-1 and μg L-1 or even lower, known as micropollutants), has been highlighted in recent decades as a worldwide environmental concern due to their difficult elimination by conventional water and wastewater treatment processes. The relevant information on constructed wetlands (CWs) and their application for the removal of a specific group of pollutants, 41 organic priority substances/classes of substances (PSs) and 8 certain other substances with environmental quality standards (EQS) listed in Directive 2013/39/EU as well as 17 contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) of the Watch List of Decision 2015/495/EU, is herein reviewed. Studies were found for 24 PSs and 2 other substances with EQS: octylphenol, nonylphenol, perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, trichloromethane, dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, pentachlorobenzene, benzene, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, naphthalene, fluoranthene, trifluralin, alachlor, isoproturon, diuron, tributyltin compounds, simazine, atrazine, chlorpyrifos (chlorpyrifos-ethyl), chlorfenvinphos, hexachlorobenzene, pentachlorophenol, endosulfan, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (or DDT) and dieldrin. A few reports were also published for 8 CECs: imidacloprid, erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, diclofenac, estrone, 17-beta-estradiol and 17-alpha-ethinylestradiol. No references were found for the other 17 PSs, 6 certain other substances with EQS and 9 CECs listed in EU legislation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Gorito
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana R Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - C M R Almeida
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Adrián M T Silva
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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Tang X, Yang Y, Tao R, Chen P, Dai Y, Jin C, Feng X. Fate of mixed pesticides in an integrated recirculating constructed wetland (IRCW). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 571:935-942. [PMID: 27496077 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, three model integrated recirculating constructed wetlands (IRCWs) planted with and without Cyperus alternifolius were used to investigate their ability to remove four pesticides (chlorpyrifos, endosulfan, fenvalerate, diuron). Iron (Fe)-impregnated biochar produced by Cyperus alternifolius was added as a primary substrate. Results showed that all four pesticides were efficiently removed in the three IRCWs. The highest pesticide removals were achieved when Fe-impregnated biochar was added to the IRCW (99%), followed by the planted (64-99%) and plant-free IRCW (45-99%). The removal of pesticides in IRCWs followed first-order kinetics, with half-lives of 1.5-11.6h. A mass balance study revealed that sorption (32.2-98.6%) and microbial degradation (1.3-52.8%) were the main removal processes in all IRCWs. This study suggests that the IRCW is a promising system to treat pesticide-contaminated water, and plant and Fe-impregnated biochar can enhance pesticide removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Tang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ran Tao
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Peijun Chen
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yunv Dai
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Congcong Jin
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xu Feng
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Chen Z, Cuervo DP, Müller JA, Wiessner A, Köser H, Vymazal J, Kästner M, Kuschk P. Hydroponic root mats for wastewater treatment-a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:15911-15928. [PMID: 27164889 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6801-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hydroponic root mats (HRMs) are ecotechnological wastewater treatment systems where aquatic vegetation forms buoyant filters by their dense interwoven roots and rhizomes, sometimes supported by rafts or other floating materials. A preferential hydraulic flow is created in the water zone between the plant root mat and the bottom of the treatment system. When the mat touches the bottom of the water body, such systems can also function as HRM filter; i.e. the hydraulic flow passes directly through the root zone. HRMs have been used for the treatment of various types of polluted water, including domestic wastewater; agricultural effluents; and polluted river, lake, stormwater and groundwater and even acid mine drainage. This article provides an overview on the concept of applying floating HRM and non-floating HRM filters for wastewater treatment. Exemplary performance data are presented, and the advantages and disadvantages of this technology are discussed in comparison to those of ponds, free-floating plant and soil-based constructed wetlands. Finally, suggestions are provided on the preferred scope of application of HRMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbing Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan 1, 430070, Wuhan, China.
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Landscape Ecology, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16521, Praha 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Diego Paredes Cuervo
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Apartado Aereo 97, Sede la Julita, Pereira, Colombia
| | - Jochen A Müller
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arndt Wiessner
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heinz Köser
- Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Institute of Instrumental and Environmental Technology, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jan Vymazal
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Landscape Ecology, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16521, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Matthias Kästner
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Kuschk
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
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12
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Limmer M, Burken J. Phytovolatilization of Organic Contaminants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:6632-43. [PMID: 27249664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plants can interact with a variety of organic compounds, and thereby affect the fate and transport of many environmental contaminants. Volatile organic compounds may be volatilized from stems or leaves (direct phytovolatilization) or from soil due to plant root activities (indirect phytovolatilization). Fluxes of contaminants volatilizing from plants are important across scales ranging from local contaminant spills to global fluxes of methane emanating from ecosystems biochemically reducing organic carbon. In this article past studies are reviewed to clearly differentiate between direct- and indirect-phytovolatilization and we discuss the plant physiology driving phytovolatilization in different ecosystems. Current measurement techniques are also described, including common difficulties in experimental design. We also discuss reports of phytovolatilization in the literature, finding that compounds with low octanol-air partitioning coefficients are more likely to be phytovolatilized (log KOA < 5). Reports of direct phytovolatilization at field sites compare favorably to model predictions. Finally, future research needs are presented that could better quantify phytovolatilization fluxes at field scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Limmer
- University of Delaware , Department of Plant & Soil Sciences, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Joel Burken
- Missouri University of Science and Technology , Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
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13
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Lünsmann V, Kappelmeyer U, Benndorf R, Martinez-Lavanchy PM, Taubert A, Adrian L, Duarte M, Pieper DH, von Bergen M, Müller JA, Heipieper HJ, Jehmlich N. In situ protein-SIP highlights Burkholderiaceae as key players degrading toluene by para ring hydroxylation in a constructed wetland model. Environ Microbiol 2016; 18:1176-86. [PMID: 26616584 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In constructed wetlands, organic pollutants are mainly degraded via microbial processes. Helophytes, plants that are commonly used in these systems, provide oxygen and root exudates to the rhizosphere, stimulating microbial degradation. While the treatment performance of constructed wetlands can be remarkable, a mechanistic understanding of microbial degradation processes in the rhizosphere is still limited. We investigated microbial toluene removal in a constructed wetland model system combining 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metaproteomics and (13) C-toluene in situ protein-based stable isotope probing (protein-SIP). The rhizospheric bacterial community was dominated by Burkholderiales and Rhizobiales, each contributing about 20% to total taxon abundance. Protein-SIP data revealed that the members of Burkholderiaceae, the proteins of which showed about 73% of (13) C-incorporation, were the main degraders of toluene in the planted system, while the members of Comamonadaceae were involved to a lesser extent in degradation (about 64% (13) C-incorporation). Among the Burkholderiaceae, one of the key players of toluene degradation could be assigned to Ralstonia pickettii. We observed that the main pathway of toluene degradation occurred via two subsequent monooxygenations of the aromatic ring. Our study provides a suitable approach to assess the key processes and microbes that are involved in the degradation of organic pollutants in complex rhizospheric ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Lünsmann
- Department of Proteomics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uwe Kappelmeyer
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - René Benndorf
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Paula M Martinez-Lavanchy
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anja Taubert
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lorenz Adrian
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marcia Duarte
- Microbial Interactions and Processes Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research - HZI, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dietmar H Pieper
- Microbial Interactions and Processes Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research - HZI, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Proteomics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Metabolomics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, University of Aalborg, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jochen A Müller
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hermann J Heipieper
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nico Jehmlich
- Department of Proteomics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
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14
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Chen Y, Wen Y, Zhou J, Zhou Q, Vymazal J, Kuschk P. Transformation of chloroform in model treatment wetlands: from mass balance to microbial analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:6198-6205. [PMID: 25901522 DOI: 10.1021/es506357e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Chloroform is one of the common disinfection byproducts, which is not susceptible to degradation and poses great health concern. In this study, the chloroform removal efficiencies and contributions of sorption, microbial degradation, plant uptake, and volatilization were evaluated in six model constructed wetlands (CWs). The highest chloroform removal efficiency was achieved in litter-added CWs (99%), followed by planted (46-54%) and unplanted CWs (39%). Mass balance study revealed that sorption (73.5-81.2%) and microbial degradation (17.6-26.2%) were the main chloroform removal processes in litter-added CWs, and that sorption (53.6-66.1%) and plant uptake (25.3-36.2%) were the primary contributors to chloroform removal in planted CWs. Around 60% of chloroform got accumulated in the roots after plant uptake, and both transpiration and gas-phase transport were expected to be the drivers for the plant uptake. Sulfate-reducing bacteria and methanogens were found to be the key microorganisms for chloroform biodegradation through cometabolic dechlorination, and positive correlations were observed between functional genes (dsrA, mcrA) and biodegradation rates. Overall, this study suggests that wetland is an efficient ecosystem for sustainable chloroform removal, and that plant and litter can enhance the removal performance through root uptake and microbial degradation stimulation, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- †Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment of Ministry of the State Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
- ‡Department of Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague 16521, Czech Republic
- §Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research -UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yue Wen
- †Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment of Ministry of the State Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Junwei Zhou
- †Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment of Ministry of the State Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Qi Zhou
- †Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment of Ministry of the State Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Jan Vymazal
- ‡Department of Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague 16521, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Kuschk
- §Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research -UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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15
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Schurig C, Mueller CW, Höschen C, Prager A, Kothe E, Beck H, Miltner A, Kästner M. Methods for visualising active microbial benzene degraders in in situ microcosms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 99:957-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6037-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Fester T, Giebler J, Wick LY, Schlosser D, Kästner M. Plant–microbe interactions as drivers of ecosystem functions relevant for the biodegradation of organic contaminants. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2014; 27:168-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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17
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Chen Y, Wen Y, Tang Z, Li L, Cai Y, Zhou Q. Removal processes of disinfection byproducts in subsurface-flow constructed wetlands treating secondary effluent. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 51:163-171. [PMID: 24440896 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The removal efficiencies and the kinetics of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) were studied in six greenhouse laboratory-scale SSF CWs. Cattail (Typha latifolia) and its litter (collected from the aboveground samples of cattail in autumn) were used as a potential phytoremediation technology and as a primary substrate, respectively, for DBP removal. Results showed that most of the 11 DBPs (except chloroform and 1, 1-dichloropropanone) were efficiently removed (>90%) in six SSF CWs with hydraulic retention time of 5 d and there were no significant differences among the systems. Under the batch mode, the removal of DBPs in SSF CWs followed first-order kinetics with half-lives of 1.0-770.2 h. As a primary DBP in wastewater effluent, removal efficiencies for chloroform were higher in planted systems than in unplanted ones and plant uptake accounted for more than 23.8% of the removal. Plant litter greatly enhanced the removal of trihalomethanes (THMs) by supplying primary substrates and reducing conditions, and the formation of dichloromethane supported the anaerobic biodegradation of THMs via reductive dechlorination in SSF CWs. Trichloroacetonitrile was completely removed within 10 h in each system and hydrolysis was considered to be the dominant process as there was a rapid formation of the hydrolysis byproduct, trichloroacetamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment of Ministry of the State Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Department of Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague 16521, Czech Republic
| | - Yue Wen
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment of Ministry of the State Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Zhiru Tang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment of Ministry of the State Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Ling Li
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment of Ministry of the State Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Yanlong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment of Ministry of the State Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment of Ministry of the State Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
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18
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Schmidt M, Wolfram D, Birkigt J, Ahlheim J, Paschke H, Richnow HH, Nijenhuis I. Iron oxides stimulate microbial monochlorobenzene in situ transformation in constructed wetlands and laboratory systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 472:185-193. [PMID: 24291561 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.10.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Natural wetlands are transition zones between anoxic ground and oxic surface water which may enhance the (bio)transformation potential for recalcitrant chloro-organic contaminants due to the unique geochemical conditions and gradients. Monochlorobenzene (MCB) is a frequently detected groundwater contaminant which is toxic and was thought to be persistent under anoxic conditions. Furthermore, to date, no degradation pathways for anoxic MCB removal have been proven in the field. Hence, it is important to investigate MCB biodegradation in the environment, as groundwater is an important drinking water source in many European countries. Therefore, two pilot-scale horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetlands, planted and unplanted, were used to investigate the processes in situ contributing to the biotransformation of MCB in these gradient systems. The wetlands were fed with anoxic MCB-contaminated groundwater from a nearby aquifer in Bitterfeld, Germany. An overall MCB removal was observed in both wetlands, whereas just 10% of the original MCB inflow concentration was detected in the ponds. In particular in the gravel bed of the planted wetland, MCB removal was highest in summer season with 73 ± 9% compared to the unplanted one with 40 ± 5%. Whereas the MCB concentrations rapidly decreased in the transition zone of unplanted gravel to the pond, a significant MCB removal was already determined in the anoxic gravel bed of the planted system. The investigation of hydro-geochemical parameters revealed that iron and sulphate reduction were relevant redox processes in both wetlands. In parallel, the addition of ferric iron or nitrate stimulated the mineralisation of MCB in laboratory microcosms with anoxic groundwater from the same source, indicating that the potential for anaerobic microbial degradation of MCB is present at the field site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Schmidt
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Diana Wolfram
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Birkigt
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jörg Ahlheim
- Department of Groundwater Remediation, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heidrun Paschke
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hans-Hermann Richnow
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ivonne Nijenhuis
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
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De Biase C, Carminati A, Oswald SE, Thullner M. Numerical modeling analysis of VOC removal processes in different aerobic vertical flow systems for groundwater remediation. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2013; 154:53-69. [PMID: 24090736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Vertical flow systems filled with porous medium have been shown to efficiently remove volatile organic contaminants (VOCs) from contaminated groundwater. To apply this semi-natural remediation strategy it is however necessary to distinguish between removal due to biodegradation and due to volatile losses to the atmosphere. Especially for (potentially) toxic VOCs, the latter needs to be minimized to limit atmospheric emissions. In this study, numerical simulation was used to investigate quantitatively the removal of volatile organic compounds in two pilot-scale water treatment systems: an unplanted vertical flow filter and a planted one, which could also be called a vertical flow constructed wetland, both used for the treatment of contaminated groundwater. These systems were intermittently loaded with contaminated water containing benzene and MTBE as main VOCs. The highly dynamic but permanently unsaturated conditions in the porous medium facilitated aerobic biodegradation but could lead to volatile emissions of the contaminants. Experimental data from porous material analyses, flow rate measurements, solute tracer and gas tracer test, as well as contaminant concentration measurements at the boundaries of the systems were used to constrain a numerical reactive transport modeling approach. Numerical simulations considered unsaturated water flow, transport of species in the aqueous and the gas phase as well as aerobic degradation processes, which made it possible to quantify the rates of biodegradation and volatile emissions and calculating their contribution to total contaminant removal. A range of degradation rates was determined using experimental results of both systems under two operation modes and validated by field data obtained at different operation modes applied to the filters. For both filters, simulations and experimental data point to high biodegradation rates, if the flow filters have had time to build up their removal capacity. For this case volatile emissions are negligible and total removal can be attributed to biodegradation, only. The simulation study thus supports the use of both of these vertical flow systems for the treatment of groundwater contaminated with VOCs and the use of reactive transport modeling for the assessment of VOCs removal and operation modes in these high performance treatment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia De Biase
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Groundwater Remediation, UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany.
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20
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Reiche N, Mothes F, Fiedler P, Borsdorf H. A solid-phase microextraction method for the in vivo sampling of MTBE in common reed (Phragmites australis). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2013; 185:7133-7144. [PMID: 23329197 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-013-3089-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Phytoscreening of phytoremediation-based plantings is discussed as a promising monitoring tool in literature. We developed and applied an analytical procedure for the in vivo sampling of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in the common reed (Phragmites australis) from a phytoremediation site highly polluted with MTBE. The approach uses solid-phase microextraction (SPME) with the SPME fibre directly introduced into the aerenchyma of the plant stem. For optimising the analytical procedure and estimating the capability of the proposed method, laboratory tests on the microcosm scale and field studies over one vegetation period were carried out. Furthermore, the results of in vivo SPME sampling were compared with those obtained with the traditional approach for analysing plants using dynamic headspace analysis. The MTBE signals detected within the plants were also correlated with the concentration in the water phase. The discussion of results showed the feasibility of the proposed method for a qualitative phytoscreening of volatile organic compounds present in wetland plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Reiche
- Department of Monitoring and Exploration Technologies, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstr 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
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21
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Reid MC, Jaffé PR. A push-pull test to measure root uptake of volatile chemicals from wetland soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:3190-3198. [PMID: 23461357 DOI: 10.1021/es304748r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper introduces a novel modification of the single-well "push-pull" test that uses nonvolatile and multiple volatile tracers to investigate the transport and root uptake kinetics of volatile chemicals in saturated soils. This technique provides an estimate of potential volatilization fluxes without relying on enclosure-based measurements. The new push-pull methodology was validated with mesocosm experiments, and bench-scale hydroponic measurements were performed to develop an empirical relationship for scaling root uptake rates between chemicals. A new modeling approach to interpret data using sulfur hexafluoride and helium as dual volatile tracers was developed and shown to decrease errors relative to existing analytical techniques that utilize bromide as a conservative tracer. Root uptake of the volatile tracers was diffusion-limited, and uptake rate constants (kv) in vegetated experimental mesocosms ranged from 0.021 ± 9.0 × 10(-4) h(-1) for CFC-12 to 2.41 ± 0.98 h(-1) for helium. Hydroponic and mesocosm experiments demonstrate that the molecular diameter is a robust empirical predictor of kv.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Reid
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States.
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