1
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Xiang W, Wang W, Hou C, Fan C, Lei T, Li J, Ge M. Secondary organic aerosols from oxidation of 1-methylnaphthalene: Yield, composition, and volatility. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170379. [PMID: 38280593 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Alkyl-PAHs (APAHs) have been identified worldwide, which could rapidly react with chlorine and OH radicals in the atmosphere. In this study, a comprehensive investigation is conducted for SOA generated by a representative alkyl-naphthalene (1-methyl naphthalene, 1-MN) initiated by Cl, including yield, chemical composition, and volatility of SOA. To better understand 1-MN atmospheric oxidation, reaction mechanisms of 1MN with Cl atoms and OH radicals are proposed and compared under different nitrogen oxides (NOx) conditions. The SOA yields are comparable for Cl-initiated and OH-initiated reactions under high NOx conditions but increased in Cl-initiated reactions under low NOx conditions. The compounds with ten carbons are more abundant in Cl-initiated SOA, while compounds with nine carbons have higher intensity, suggesting that Cl caused ring-retained and alkyl-lost products and OH produces ring-broken and alkyl-retained compounds. The volatility of SOA is remarkably low, and SOA formed from Cl oxidation is slightly higher than that from OH oxidation. These results reveal that 1MN-derived SOA with OH and Cl radicals would have different physical-chemical properties and may play an important role in air quality and health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Chemistry Academy of Sciences Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weigang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Chemistry Academy of Sciences Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Chunyan Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Chemistry Academy of Sciences Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - CiCi Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Chemistry Academy of Sciences Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ting Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Chemistry Academy of Sciences Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Junling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Maofa Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Chemistry Academy of Sciences Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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2
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De Haan DO, Hawkins LN, Wickremasinghe PD, Andretta AD, Dignum JR, De Haan AC, Welsh HG, Pennington EA, Cui T, Surratt JD, Cazaunau M, Pangui E, Doussin JF. Brown Carbon from Photo-Oxidation of Glyoxal and SO 2 in Aqueous Aerosol. ACS EARTH & SPACE CHEMISTRY 2023; 7:1131-1140. [PMID: 37223425 PMCID: PMC10201569 DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.3c00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous-phase dark reactions during the co-oxidation of glyoxal and S(IV) were recently identified as a potential source of brown carbon (BrC). Here, we explore the effects of sunlight and oxidants on aqueous solutions of glyoxal and S(IV), and on aqueous aerosol exposed to glyoxal and SO2. We find that BrC is able to form in sunlit, bulk-phase, sulfite-containing solutions, albeit more slowly than in the dark. In more atmospherically relevant chamber experiments where suspended aqueous aerosol particles are exposed to gas-phase glyoxal and SO2, the formation of detectable amounts of BrC requires an OH radical source and occurs most rapidly after a cloud event. From these observations we infer that this photobrowning is caused by radical-initiated reactions as evaporation concentrates aqueous-phase reactants and aerosol viscosity increases. Positive-mode electrospray ionization mass spectrometric analysis of aerosol-phase products reveals a large number of CxHyOz oligomers that are reduced rather than oxidized (relative to glyoxal), with the degree of reduction increasing in the presence of OH radicals. This again suggests a radical-initiated redox mechanism where photolytically produced aqueous radical species trigger S(IV)-O2 auto-oxidation chain reactions, and glyoxal-S(IV) redox reactions especially if aerosol-phase O2 is depleted. This process may contribute to daytime BrC production and aqueous-phase sulfur oxidation in the atmosphere. The BrC produced, however, is about an order of magnitude less light-absorbing than wood smoke BrC at 365 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- David O. De Haan
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, California 92117, United States
| | - Lelia N. Hawkins
- Department
of Chemistry, Harvey Mudd College, 301 Platt Blvd, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Praveen D. Wickremasinghe
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, California 92117, United States
| | - Alyssa D. Andretta
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, California 92117, United States
| | - Juliette R. Dignum
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, California 92117, United States
| | - Audrey C. De Haan
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, California 92117, United States
| | - Hannah G. Welsh
- Department
of Chemistry, Harvey Mudd College, 301 Platt Blvd, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Elyse A. Pennington
- Department
of Chemistry, Harvey Mudd College, 301 Platt Blvd, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Tianqu Cui
- Department
of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global
Public Health, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jason D. Surratt
- Department
of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global
Public Health, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Mathieu Cazaunau
- Laboratoire
Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA),
UMR7583, CNRS, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), Université Paris-Est-Créteil (UPEC) et Université
Paris Diderot (UPD), Créteil 94010, France
| | - Edouard Pangui
- Laboratoire
Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA),
UMR7583, CNRS, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), Université Paris-Est-Créteil (UPEC) et Université
Paris Diderot (UPD), Créteil 94010, France
| | - Jean-François Doussin
- Laboratoire
Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA),
UMR7583, CNRS, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), Université Paris-Est-Créteil (UPEC) et Université
Paris Diderot (UPD), Créteil 94010, France
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3
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Jiang W, Ma L, Niedek C, Anastasio C, Zhang Q. Chemical and Light-Absorption Properties of Water-Soluble Organic Aerosols in Northern California and Photooxidant Production by Brown Carbon Components. ACS EARTH & SPACE CHEMISTRY 2023; 7:1107-1119. [PMID: 37223426 PMCID: PMC10202033 DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.3c00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric brown carbon (BrC) can impact the radiative balance of the earth and form photooxidants. However, the light absorption and photochemical properties of BrC from different sources remain poorly understood. To address this gap, dilute water extracts of particulate matter (PM) samples collected at Davis, CA over one year were analyzed using high resolution aerosol mass spectrometry (HR-AMS) and UV-vis spectroscopy. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) on combined AMS and UV-vis data resolved five water-soluble organic aerosol (WSOA) factors with distinct mass spectra and UV-vis spectra: a fresh and an aged water-soluble biomass burning OA (WSBBOAfresh and WSBBOAaged) and three oxygenated OA (WSOOAs). WSBBOAfresh is the most light-absorbing, with a mass absorption coefficient (MAC365 nm) of 1.1 m2 g-1, while the WSOOAs are the least (MAC365 nm = 0.01-0.1 m2 g-1). These results, together with the high abundance of WSBBOAs (∼52% of the WSOA mass), indicate that biomass burning activities such as residential wood burning and wildfires are an important source of BrC in northern California. The concentrations of aqueous-phase photooxidants, i.e., hydroxyl radical (·OH), singlet molecular oxygen (1O2*), and oxidizing triplet excited states of organic carbon (3C*), were also measured in the PM extracts during illumination. Oxidant production potentials (PPOX) of the five WSOA factors were explored. The photoexcitation of BrC chromophores from BB emissions and in OOAs is a significant source of 1O2* and 3C*. By applying our PPOX values to archived AMS data at dozens of sites, we found that oxygenated organic species play an important role in photooxidant formation in atmospheric waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Jiang
- Department
of Environmental Toxicology, University
of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Agricultural
and Environmental Chemistry Graduate Program, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Lan Ma
- Agricultural
and Environmental Chemistry Graduate Program, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Department
of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University
of California, 1 Shields
Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Christopher Niedek
- Department
of Environmental Toxicology, University
of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Agricultural
and Environmental Chemistry Graduate Program, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Cort Anastasio
- Agricultural
and Environmental Chemistry Graduate Program, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Department
of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University
of California, 1 Shields
Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department
of Environmental Toxicology, University
of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Agricultural
and Environmental Chemistry Graduate Program, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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4
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Wang C, Chen X, Liu Y, Huang T, Jiang S. Theoretical Study of the Gas-Phase Hydrolysis of Formaldehyde to Produce Methanediol and Its Implication to New Particle Formation. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:15467-15478. [PMID: 37151514 PMCID: PMC10157852 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Aldehydes were speculated to be important precursor species in new particle formation (NPF). The direct involvement of formaldehyde (CH2O) in sulfuric acid and water nucleation is negligible; however, whether its atmospheric hydrolysate, methanediol (CH2(OH)2), which contains two hydroxyl groups, participates in NPF is not known. This work investigates both CH2O hydrolysis and NPF from sulfuric acid and CH2(OH)2 with quantum chemistry calculations and atmospheric cluster dynamics modeling. Kinetic calculation shows that reaction rates of the gas-phase hydrolysis of CH2O catalyzed by sulfuric acid are 11-15 orders of magnitude faster than those of the naked path at 253-298 K. Based on structures and the calculated formation Gibbs free energies, the interaction between sulfuric acid/its dimer/its trimer and CH2(OH)2 is thermodynamically favorable, and CH2(OH)2 forms hydrogen bonds with sulfuric acid/its dimer/its trimer via two hydroxyl groups to stabilize clusters. Our further cluster kinetic calculations suggested that the particle formation rates of the system are higher than those of the binary system of sulfuric acid and water at ambient low sulfuric acid concentrations and low relative humidity. In addition, the formation rate is found to present a negative temperature dependence because evaporation rate constants contribute significantly to it. However, cluster growth is essentially limited by the weak formation of the largest clusters, which implies that other stabilizing vapors are required for stable cluster formation and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Wang
- School
of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Chaohu University, Hefei 238024, Anhui, China
- Water
Environment Research Center, Chaohu University, Hefei 238024, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoju Chen
- School
of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Chaohu University, Hefei 238024, Anhui, China
| | - Yirong Liu
- School
of Information Science and Technology, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Teng Huang
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui
Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- School
of Information Science and Technology, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
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5
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Zaveri RA, Wang J, Fan J, Zhang Y, Shilling JE, Zelenyuk A, Mei F, Newsom R, Pekour M, Tomlinson J, Comstock JM, Shrivastava M, Fortner E, Machado LAT, Artaxo P, Martin ST. Rapid growth of anthropogenic organic nanoparticles greatly alters cloud life cycle in the Amazon rainforest. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabj0329. [PMID: 35020441 PMCID: PMC8754412 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol-cloud interactions remain uncertain in assessing climate change. While anthropogenic activities produce copious aerosol nanoparticles smaller than 10 nanometers, they are too small to act as efficient cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). The mechanisms responsible for particle growth to CCN-relevant sizes are poorly understood. Here, we present aircraft observations of rapid growth of anthropogenic nanoparticles downwind of an isolated metropolis in the Amazon rainforest. Model analysis reveals that the sustained particle growth to CCN sizes is predominantly caused by particle-phase diffusion-limited partitioning of semivolatile oxidation products of biogenic hydrocarbons. Cloud-resolving numerical simulations show that the enhanced CCN concentrations in the urban plume substantially alter the formation of shallow convective clouds, suppress precipitation, and enhance the transition to deep convective clouds. The proposed nanoparticle growth mechanism, expressly enabled by the abundantly formed semivolatile organics, suggests an appreciable impact of anthropogenic aerosols on cloud life cycle in previously unpolluted forests of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul A. Zaveri
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jiwen Fan
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | | | - Alla Zelenyuk
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Fan Mei
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Rob Newsom
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Mikhail Pekour
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Jason Tomlinson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | | | | | | | - Luiz A. T. Machado
- National Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos, São Paulo 12227-010, Brazil
| | - Paulo Artaxo
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
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6
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Kasthuriarachchi NY, Rivellini LH, Chen X, Li YJ, Lee AKY. Effect of Relative Humidity on Secondary Brown Carbon Formation in Aqueous Droplets. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:13207-13216. [PMID: 32924450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric brown carbon (BrC) is a significant contributor to particulate light absorption. Reactions between small aldehydes and reduced nitrogen species have been shown to produce secondary BrC in atmospheric droplets. These reactions can be substantially accelerated upon droplet evaporation. Despite aqueous droplets undergoing continuous water evaporation and uptake in response to the surrounding relative humidity (RH), secondary BrC formation in these droplets under various RH conditions remains poorly understood. In this work, we investigate BrC formation from reactions of two aqueous-phase precursors, glyoxal and methylglyoxal, with ammonium sulfate or glycine in aqueous droplets after drying at a range of RH (30-90%). Our results illustrate, for the first time, that BrC production varies as a function of RH. For all four chemical reaction systems being investigated, mass absorption efficiencies (MAE, m2/g C) of aqueous aerosol products (from 270 to 512 nm wavelength range) generally increase with reducing RH to reach a maximum at ∼55-65% RH and subsequently decrease, caused by further drying. Chemical characterization using high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometry shows that the formation of nitrogen-containing organic species also follows a similar variation with RH. Our observations reveal that the acceleration of BrC production from evaporation of water may be diminished by other factors, such as limited particle-phase water content, phase transition, and volatility of reactants and products. Overall, our results highlight that intermediate RH conditions in the atmosphere may be more efficient in secondary BrC formation, indicating that the effect of RH needs to be included in atmospheric models for a more accurate representation of light-absorbing aerosol formation in aqueous droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nethmi Y Kasthuriarachchi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Laura-Hélèna Rivellini
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yong Jie Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Alex K Y Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
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7
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Zaveri RA, Shilling JE, Zelenyuk A, Zawadowicz MA, Suski K, China S, Bell DM, Veghte D, Laskin A. Particle-Phase Diffusion Modulates Partitioning of Semivolatile Organic Compounds to Aged Secondary Organic Aerosol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:2595-2605. [PMID: 31994876 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b05514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The diffusivity of semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in the bulk particle phase of a viscous atmospheric secondary organic aerosol (SOA) can have a profound impact on aerosol growth and size distribution dynamics. Here, we investigate the bulk diffusivity of SVOCs formed from photo-oxidation of isoprene as they partition to a bimodal aerosol consisting of an Aitken (potassium sulfate) and accumulation mode (aged α-pinene SOA) particles as a function of relative humidity (RH). The model analysis of the observed size distribution evolution shows that liquid-like diffusion coefficient values of Db > 10-10 cm2 s-1 fail to explain the growth of the Aitken mode. Instead, much lower values of Db between 2.5 × 10-15 cm2 s-1 at 32% RH and 8 × 10-15 cm2 s-1 at 82% RH were needed to successfully reproduce the growth of both modes. The diffusivity within the aged α-pinene SOA remains appreciably slow even at 80% RH, resulting in hindered partitioning of SVOCs to large viscous particles and allowing smaller and relatively less viscous particles to effectively absorb the available SVOCs and grow much faster than would be possible otherwise. These results have important implications for modeling SOA formation and growth in the ambient atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul A Zaveri
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - John E Shilling
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Alla Zelenyuk
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Maria A Zawadowicz
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Kaitlyn Suski
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Swarup China
- William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - David M Bell
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Daniel Veghte
- William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Alexander Laskin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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8
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Wang N, Jing B, Wang P, Wang Z, Li J, Pang S, Zhang Y, Ge M. Hygroscopicity and Compositional Evolution of Atmospheric Aerosols Containing Water-Soluble Carboxylic Acid Salts and Ammonium Sulfate: Influence of Ammonium Depletion. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:6225-6234. [PMID: 30938517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b07052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble organic acid salts are important components of atmospheric aerosols. Despite their importance, it is still not clear how water-soluble organic acid salts influence interactions between aerosols and water vapor in the atmosphere. In this study, the hygroscopic behaviors and chemical compositions of aerosol particles containing water-soluble organic acid salt ((CH2) n(COONa)2, n = 0, 1, 2) and (NH4)2SO4 were measured using in situ attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). The ammonium depletion due to release of gaseous NH3 was found in mixed aerosols composed of (CH2) n(COONa)2 ( n = 1, 2) and (NH4)2SO4 upon dehydration. The ammonium loss could modify the aerosol composition, resulting in the formation of corresponding organic acid and monosodium dicarboxylate in mixed particles with high and low (NH4)2SO4 content, respectively. Due to the weaker hydrolysis of oxalate anions, the ammonium depletion was not observed for the Na2C2O4/(NH4)2SO4 mixtures. The changes in the particle composition led to the decreased water uptake upon hydration as compared to that upon dehydration. Our findings reveal that interactions between water-soluble organic acid salts and (NH4)2SO4 in aqueous aerosols may affect the repartition of NH3 between the condensed and gas phases, thus modifying composition and physicochemical properties of aerosols as well as relevant chemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Jing
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jiarong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shufeng Pang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , People's Republic of China
| | - Maofa Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xiamen 361021 , People's Republic of China
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9
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10
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Zaveri RA, Shilling JE, Zelenyuk A, Liu J, Bell DM, D'Ambro EL, Gaston CJ, Thornton JA, Laskin A, Lin P, Wilson J, Easter RC, Wang J, Bertram AK, Martin ST, Seinfeld JH, Worsnop DR. Growth Kinetics and Size Distribution Dynamics of Viscous Secondary Organic Aerosol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:1191-1199. [PMID: 29244949 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Low bulk diffusivity inside viscous semisolid atmospheric secondary organic aerosol (SOA) can prolong equilibration time scale, but its broader impacts on aerosol growth and size distribution dynamics are poorly understood. Here, we present quantitative insights into the effects of bulk diffusivity on the growth and evaporation kinetics of SOA formed under dry conditions from photooxidation of isoprene in the presence of a bimodal aerosol consisting of Aitken (ammonium sulfate) and accumulation (isoprene or α-pinene SOA) mode particles. Aerosol composition measurements and evaporation kinetics indicate that isoprene SOA is composed of several semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs), with some reversibly reacting to form oligomers. Model analysis shows that liquid-like bulk diffusivities can be used to fit the observed evaporation kinetics of accumulation mode particles but fail to explain the growth kinetics of bimodal aerosol by significantly under-predicting the evolution of the Aitken mode. In contrast, the semisolid scenario successfully reproduces both evaporation and growth kinetics, with the interpretation that hindered partitioning of SVOCs into large viscous particles effectively promotes the growth of smaller particles that have shorter diffusion time scales. This effect has important implications for the growth of atmospheric ultrafine particles to climatically active sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul A Zaveri
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - John E Shilling
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Alla Zelenyuk
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Jiumeng Liu
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - David M Bell
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Emma L D'Ambro
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Cassandra J Gaston
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Joel A Thornton
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Alexander Laskin
- William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Peng Lin
- William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Jacqueline Wilson
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Richard C Easter
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Jian Wang
- Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Allan K Bertram
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Scot T Martin
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - John H Seinfeld
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Douglas R Worsnop
- Center for Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research , Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
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11
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Shi X, Zhang R, Sun Y, Xu F, Zhang Q, Wang W. A density functional theory study of aldehydes and their atmospheric products participating in nucleation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:1005-1011. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06226e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The products of aldehydes from aldol condensation, hydration, and polymerization reactions can promote new particle formation by stabilizing sulfuric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangli Shi
- Environment Research Institute
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
| | - Ruiming Zhang
- Environment Research Institute
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
| | - Yanhui Sun
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- P. R. China
| | - Fei Xu
- Environment Research Institute
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- Environment Research Institute
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Environment Research Institute
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
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12
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Stangl CM, Johnston MV. Aqueous Reaction of Dicarbonyls with Ammonia as a Potential Source of Organic Nitrogen in Airborne Nanoparticles. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:3720-3727. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b02464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Stangl
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Murray V. Johnston
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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13
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Finlayson-Pitts BJ. Introductory lecture: atmospheric chemistry in the Anthropocene. Faraday Discuss 2017; 200:11-58. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00161d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The term “Anthropocene” was coined by Professor Paul Crutzen in 2000 to describe an unprecedented era in which anthropogenic activities are impacting planet Earth on a global scale. Greatly increased emissions into the atmosphere, reflecting the advent of the Industrial Revolution, have caused significant changes in both the lower and upper atmosphere. Atmospheric reactions of the anthropogenic emissions and of those with biogenic compounds have significant impacts on human health, visibility, climate and weather. Two activities that have had particularly large impacts on the troposphere are fossil fuel combustion and agriculture, both associated with a burgeoning population. Emissions are also changing due to alterations in land use. This paper describes some of the tropospheric chemistry associated with the Anthropocene, with emphasis on areas having large uncertainties. These include heterogeneous chemistry such as those of oxides of nitrogen and the neonicotinoid pesticides, reactions at liquid interfaces, organic oxidations and particle formation, the role of sulfur compounds in the Anthropocene and biogenic–anthropogenic interactions. A clear and quantitative understanding of the connections between emissions, reactions, deposition and atmospheric composition is central to developing appropriate cost-effective strategies for minimizing the impacts of anthropogenic activities. The evolving nature of emissions in the Anthropocene places atmospheric chemistry at the fulcrum of determining human health and welfare in the future.
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14
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Hawkins LN, Lemire AN, Galloway MM, Corrigan AL, Turley JJ, Espelien BM, De Haan DO. Maillard Chemistry in Clouds and Aqueous Aerosol As a Source of Atmospheric Humic-Like Substances. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:7443-7452. [PMID: 27227348 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b00909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The reported optical, physical, and chemical properties of aqueous Maillard reaction mixtures of small aldehydes (glyoxal, methylglyoxal, and glycolaldehyde) with ammonium sulfate and amines are compared with those of aqueous extracts of ambient aerosol (water-soluble organic carbon, WSOC) and the humic-like substances (HULIS) fraction of WSOC. Using a combination of new and previously published measurements, we examine fluorescence, X-ray absorbance, UV/vis, and IR spectra, complex refractive indices, (1)H and (13)C NMR spectra, thermograms, aerosol and electrospray ionization mass spectra, surface activity, and hygroscopicity. Atmospheric WSOC and HULIS encompass a range of properties, but in almost every case aqueous aldehyde-amine reaction mixtures are squarely within this range. Notable exceptions are the higher UV/visible absorbance wavelength dependence (Angström coefficients) observed for methylglyoxal reaction mixtures, the lack of surface activity of glyoxal reaction mixtures, and the higher N/C ratios of aldehyde-amine reaction products relative to atmospheric WSOC and HULIS extracts. The overall optical, physical, and chemical similarities are consistent with, but not demonstrative of, Maillard chemistry being a significant secondary source of atmospheric HULIS. However, the higher N/C ratios of aldehyde-amine reaction products limits the source strength to ≤50% of atmospheric HULIS, assuming that other sources of HULIS incorporate only negligible quantities of nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lelia N Hawkins
- Department of Chemistry, Harvey Mudd College , 301 Platt Boulevard, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Amanda N Lemire
- Department of Chemistry, Harvey Mudd College , 301 Platt Boulevard, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Melissa M Galloway
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of San Diego , 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego California 92110, United States
| | - Ashley L Corrigan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of San Diego , 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego California 92110, United States
| | - Jacob J Turley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of San Diego , 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego California 92110, United States
| | - Brenna M Espelien
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of San Diego , 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego California 92110, United States
| | - David O De Haan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of San Diego , 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego California 92110, United States
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15
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Duporté G, Parshintsev J, Barreira LMF, Hartonen K, Kulmala M, Riekkola ML. Nitrogen-Containing Low Volatile Compounds from Pinonaldehyde-Dimethylamine Reaction in the Atmosphere: A Laboratory and Field Study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:4693-4700. [PMID: 27035788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Pinonaldehyde, which is among the most abundant oxidation products of α-pinene, and dimethylamine were selected to study the formation of N-containing low volatile compounds from aldehyde-amine reactions in the atmosphere. Gas phase reactions took place in a Tedlar bag, which was connected to a mass spectrometer ionization source via a short deactivated fused silica column. In addition to on-line analysis, abundance of gaseous precursors and reaction products were monitored off-line. Condensable products were extracted from the bag's walls with a suitable solvent and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to chemical ionization high-resolution quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization Orbitrap mass spectrometry. The reactions carried out resulted in several mid-low vapor pressure nitrogen-containing compounds that are potentially important for the formation of secondary organic aerosols in the atmosphere. Further, the presence of brown carbon, confirmed by liquid chromatography-UV-vis-mass spectrometry, was observed. Some of the compounds identified in the laboratory study were also observed in aerosol samples collected at SMEAR II station (Hyytiälä, Finland) in August 2015 suggesting the importance of aldehyde-amine reactions for the aerosol formation and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffroy Duporté
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jevgeni Parshintsev
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Luís M F Barreira
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari Hartonen
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja-Liisa Riekkola
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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16
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Waxman EM, Elm J, Kurtén T, Mikkelsen KV, Ziemann PJ, Volkamer R. Glyoxal and Methylglyoxal Setschenow Salting Constants in Sulfate, Nitrate, and Chloride Solutions: Measurements and Gibbs Energies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:11500-8. [PMID: 26335375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b02782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge about Setschenow salting constants, KS, the exponential dependence of Henry's Law coefficients on salt concentration, is of particular importance to predict secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from soluble species in atmospheric waters with high salt concentrations, such as aerosols. We have measured KS of glyoxal and methylglyoxal for the atmospherically relevant salts (NH4)2SO4, NH4NO3, NaNO3, and NaCl and find that glyoxal consistently "salts-in" (KS of -0.16, -0.06, -0.065, -0.1 molality(-1), respectively) while methylglyoxal "salts-out" (KS of +0.16, +0.075, +0.02, +0.06 molality(-1)). We show that KS values for different salts are additive and present an equation for use in atmospheric models. Additionally, we have performed a series of quantum chemical calculations to determine the interactions between glyoxal/methylglyoxal monohydrate with Cl(-), NO3(-), SO4(2-), Na(+), and NH4(+) and find Gibbs free energies of water displacement of -10.9, -22.0, -22.9, 2.09, and 1.2 kJ/mol for glyoxal monohydrate and -3.1, -10.3, -7.91, 6.11, and 1.6 kJ/mol for methylglyoxal monohydrate with uncertainties of 8 kJ/mol. The quantum chemical calculations support that SO4(2-), NO3(-), and Cl(-) modify partitioning, while cations do not. Other factors such as ion charge or partitioning volume effects likely need to be considered to fully explain salting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor M Waxman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder , UCB 215, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- CIRES, University of Colorado , UBC 216, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jonas Elm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Theo Kurtén
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 55, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Kurt V Mikkelsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Paul J Ziemann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder , UCB 215, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- CIRES, University of Colorado , UBC 216, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Rainer Volkamer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder , UCB 215, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- CIRES, University of Colorado , UBC 216, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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17
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Aljawhary D, Zhao R, Lee AKY, Wang C, Abbatt JPD. Kinetics, Mechanism, and Secondary Organic Aerosol Yield of Aqueous Phase Photo-oxidation of α-Pinene Oxidation Products. J Phys Chem A 2015; 120:1395-407. [PMID: 26299576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b06237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) involves atmospheric oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the majority of which are emitted from biogenic sources. Oxidation can occur not only in the gas-phase but also in atmospheric aqueous phases such as cloudwater and aerosol liquid water. This study explores for the first time the aqueous-phase OH oxidation chemistry of oxidation products of α-pinene, a major biogenic VOC species emitted to the atmosphere. The kinetics, reaction mechanisms, and formation of SOA compounds in the aqueous phase of two model compounds, cis-pinonic acid (PIN) and tricarballylic acid (TCA), were investigated in the laboratory; TCA was used as a surrogate for 3-methyl-1,2,3-butanetricarboxylic acid (MBTCA), a known α-pinene oxidation product. Aerosol time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometry (Aerosol-ToF-CIMS) was used to follow the kinetics and reaction mechanisms at the molecular level. Room-temperature second-order rate constants of PIN and TCA were determined to be 3.3 (± 0.5) × 10(9) and 3.1 (± 0.2) × 10(8) M(-1) s(-1), respectively, from which were estimated their condensed-phase atmospheric lifetimes. Aerosol-ToF-CIMS detected a large number of products leading to detailed reaction mechanisms for PIN and MBTCA. By monitoring the particle size distribution after drying, the amount of SOA material remaining in the particle phase was determined. An aqueous SOA yield of 40 to 60% was determined for PIN OH oxidation. Although recent laboratory studies have focused primarily on aqueous-phase processing of isoprene-related compounds, we demonstrate that aqueous formation of SOA materials also occurs from monoterpene oxidation products, thus representing an additional source of biogenically driven aerosol formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Aljawhary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M3S 3H6, Canada
| | - Ran Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M3S 3H6, Canada
| | - Alex K Y Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M3S 3H6, Canada
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Scarborough , 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Jonathan P D Abbatt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M3S 3H6, Canada
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18
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Herrmann H, Schaefer T, Tilgner A, Styler SA, Weller C, Teich M, Otto T. Tropospheric aqueous-phase chemistry: kinetics, mechanisms, and its coupling to a changing gas phase. Chem Rev 2015; 115:4259-334. [PMID: 25950643 DOI: 10.1021/cr500447k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Herrmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Schaefer
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Tilgner
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah A Styler
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Weller
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Monique Teich
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias Otto
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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19
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Pöschl U, Shiraiwa M. Multiphase chemistry at the atmosphere-biosphere interface influencing climate and public health in the anthropocene. Chem Rev 2015; 115:4440-75. [PMID: 25856774 DOI: 10.1021/cr500487s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Pöschl
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Manabu Shiraiwa
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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20
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sergey A. Nizkorodov
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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21
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Axson JL, Creamean JM, Bondy AL, Capracotta SS, Warner KY, Ault AP. An In Situ Method for Sizing Insoluble Residues in Precipitation and Other Aqueous Samples. AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR AEROSOL RESEARCH 2015; 49:24-34. [PMID: 25705069 PMCID: PMC4333727 DOI: 10.1080/02786826.2014.991439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Particles are frequently incorporated into clouds or precipitation, influencing climate by acting as cloud condensation or ice nuclei, taking up coatings during cloud processing, and removing species through wet deposition. Many of these particles, particularly ice nuclei, can remain suspended within cloud droplets/crystals as insoluble residues. While previous studies have measured the soluble or bulk mass of species within clouds and precipitation, no studies to date have determined the number concentration and size distribution of insoluble residues in precipitation or cloud water using in situ methods. Herein, for the first time we demonstrate that Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) is a powerful in situ method for determining the total number concentration, number size distribution, and surface area distribution of insoluble residues in precipitation, both of rain and melted snow. The method uses 500 μL or less of liquid sample and does not require sample modification. Number concentrations for the insoluble residues in aqueous precipitation samples ranged from 2.0-3.0(±0.3)×108 particles cm-3, while surface area ranged from 1.8(±0.7)-3.2(±1.0)×107 μm2 cm-3. Number size distributions peaked between 133-150 nm, with both single and multi-modal character, while surface area distributions peaked between 173-270 nm. Comparison with electron microscopy of particles up to 10 μm show that, by number, > 97% residues are <1 μm in diameter, the upper limit of the NTA. The range of concentration and distribution properties indicates that insoluble residue properties vary with ambient aerosol concentrations, cloud microphysics, and meteorological dynamics. NTA has great potential for studying the role that insoluble residues play in critical atmospheric processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Axson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jessie M. Creamean
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Amy L. Bondy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Katy Y. Warner
- Division of Resources Management and Science, Yosemite National Park, El Portal, California, USA
| | - Andrew P. Ault
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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22
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Galloway MM, Powelson MH, Sedehi N, Wood SE, Millage KD, Kononenko JA, Rynaski AD, De Haan DO. Secondary organic aerosol formation during evaporation of droplets containing atmospheric aldehydes, amines, and ammonium sulfate. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:14417-14425. [PMID: 25409489 DOI: 10.1021/es5044479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Reactions of carbonyl compounds in cloudwater produce organic aerosol mass through in-cloud oxidation and during postcloud evaporation. In this work, postcloud evaporation was simulated in laboratory experiments on evaporating droplets that contain mixtures of common atmospheric aldehydes with ammonium sulfate (AS), methylamine, or glycine. Aerosol diameters were measured during monodisperse droplet drying experiments and during polydisperse droplet equilibration experiments at 75% relative humidity, and condensed-phase mass was measured in bulk thermogravimetric experiments. The evaporation of water from a droplet was found to trigger aldehyde reactions that increased residual particle volumes by a similar extent in room-temperature experiments, regardless of whether AS, methylamine, or glycine was present. The production of organic aerosol volume was highest from droplets containing glyoxal, followed by similar production from methylglyoxal or hydroxyacetone. Significant organic aerosol production was observed for glycolaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and formaldehyde only at elevated temperatures in thermogravimetric experiments. In many experiments, the amount of aerosol produced was greater than the sum of all solutes plus nonvolatile solvent impurities, indicating the additional presence of trapped water, likely caused by increasing aerosol-phase viscosity due to oligomer formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Galloway
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of San Diego , 5998 Alcalá Park, San Diego California 92110, United States
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