1
|
Sarang K, Otto T, Rudzinski K, Schaefer T, Grgić I, Nestorowicz K, Herrmann H, Szmigielski R. Reaction Kinetics of Green Leaf Volatiles with Sulfate, Hydroxyl, and Nitrate Radicals in Tropospheric Aqueous Phase. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:13666-13676. [PMID: 34583512 PMCID: PMC8529707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Green plants exposed to abiotic or biotic stress release C-5 and C-6 unsaturated oxygenated hydrocarbons called Green Leaf Volatiles (GLVs). GLVs partition into tropospheric waters and react to form secondary organic aerosol (SOA). We explored the kinetics of aqueous-phase reactions of 1-penten-3-ol (PENTOL), (Z)-2-hexen-1-ol (HEXOL), and (E)-2-hexen-1-al (HEXAL) with SO4•-, •OH, and NO3•. At 298 K, the rate constants for reactions of PENTOL, HEXOL, and HEXAL with SO4•- were, respectively, (9.4 ± 1.0) × 108 L mol-1 s-1, (2.5 ± 0.3) × 109 L mol-1 s-1, and (4.8 ± 0.2) × 108 L mol-1 s-1; with •OH - (6.3 ± 0.1) × 109 L mol-1 s-1, (6.7 ± 0.3) × 109 L mol-1 s-1, and (4.8 ± 0.3) × 109 L mol-1 s-1; and with NO3• - (1.5 ± 0.15) × 108 L mol-1 s-1, (8.4 ± 2.3) × 108 L mol-1 s-1, and (3.0 ± 0.7) × 107 L mol-1 s-1. The rate constants increased weakly with temperatures ranging from 278 to 318 K. The diffusional limitations of the rate constants appeared significant only for the GLV-•OH reactions. The aqueous-phase reactions appeared negligible in deliquescent aerosol and haze water but not in clouds and rains. The atmospheric lifetimes of GLVs decreased from many days to hours with increasing liquid water content and radicals' concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Sarang
- Environmental
Chemistry Group, Institute of Physical Chemistry
Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tobias Otto
- Atmospheric
Chemistry Department, Leibniz Institute
for Tropospheric Research, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Rudzinski
- Environmental
Chemistry Group, Institute of Physical Chemistry
Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Thomas Schaefer
- Atmospheric
Chemistry Department, Leibniz Institute
for Tropospheric Research, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Irena Grgić
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Klara Nestorowicz
- Environmental
Chemistry Group, Institute of Physical Chemistry
Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Atmospheric
Chemistry Department, Leibniz Institute
for Tropospheric Research, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rafal Szmigielski
- Environmental
Chemistry Group, Institute of Physical Chemistry
Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Duarte RMBO, Piñeiro-Iglesias M, López-Mahía P, Muniategui-Lorenzo S, Moreda-Piñeiro J, Silva AMS, Duarte AC. Comparative study of atmospheric water-soluble organic aerosols composition in contrasting suburban environments in the Iberian Peninsula Coast. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 648:430-441. [PMID: 30121042 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the structural composition and major sources of water-soluble organic matter (WSOM) from PM2.5 collected, in parallel, during summer and winter, in two contrasting suburban sites at Iberian Peninsula Coast: Aveiro (Portugal) and Coruña (Spain). PM10 samples were also collected at Coruña for comparison. Ambient concentrations of PM2.5, total nitrogen (TN), and WSOM were higher in Aveiro than in Coruña, with the highest levels found in winter at both locations. In Coruña, concentrations of PM10, TN, and WSOM were higher than those from PM2.5. Regardless of the season, stable isotopic δ13C and δ15N in PM2.5 suggested important contributions of anthropogenic fresh organic aerosols (OAs) at Aveiro. In Coruña, δ13C and δ15N of PM2.5 and PM10 suggests decreased anthropogenic input during summer. Although excitation-emission fluorescence profiles were similar for all WSOM samples, multi-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy confirmed differences in their structural composition, reflecting differences in aging processes and/or local sources between the two locations. In PM2.5 WSOM in Aveiro, the relative distribution of non-exchangeable proton functional groups was in the order: HC (40-43%) > HCC (31-39%) > HCO (12-15%) > Ar-H (5.0-13%). However, in PM2.5 and PM10 WSOM in Coruña, the relative contribution of HCO groups (24-30% and 23-29%, respectively) equals and/or surpasses that of HCC (25-26% and 25-29%, respectively), being also higher than those of Aveiro. In both locations, the highest aromatic contents were observed during winter due to biomass burning emissions. The structural composition of PM2.5 and PM10 WSOM in Coruña is dominated by oxygenated aliphatic compounds, reflecting the contribution of secondary OAs from biogenic, soil dust, and minor influence of anthropogenic emissions. In contrast, the composition of PM2.5 WSOM in Aveiro appears to be significantly impacted by fresh and secondary anthropogenic OAs. Marine and biomass burning OAs are important contributors, common to both sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Regina M B O Duarte
- Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Maria Piñeiro-Iglesias
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada, Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Purificación López-Mahía
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada, Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Soledad Muniategui-Lorenzo
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada, Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Jorge Moreda-Piñeiro
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada, Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Artur M S Silva
- Department of Chemistry & QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Armando C Duarte
- Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
The Influence of Absolute Mass Loading of Secondary Organic Aerosols on Their Phase State. ATMOSPHERE 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos9040131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Absolute secondary organic aerosol (SOA) mass loading (CSOA) is a key parameter in determining partitioning of semi- and intermediate volatility compounds to the particle phase. Its impact on the phase state of SOA, however, has remained largely unexplored. In this study, systematic laboratory chamber measurements were performed to elucidate the influence of CSOA, ranging from 0.2 to 160 µg m−3, on the phase state of SOA formed by ozonolysis of various precursors, including α-pinene, limonene, cis-3-hexenyl acetate (CHA) and cis-3-hexen-1-ol (HXL). A previously established method to estimate SOA bounce factor (BF, a surrogate for particle viscosity) was utilized to infer particle viscosity as a function of CSOA. Results show that under nominally identical conditions, the maximum BF decreases by approximately 30% at higher CSOA, suggesting a more liquid phase state. With the exception of HXL-SOA (which acted as the negative control), the phase state for all studied SOA precursors varied as a function of CSOA. Furthermore, the BF was found to be the maximum when SOA particle distributions reached a geometric mean particle diameter of 50–60 nm. Experimental results indicate that CSOA is an important parameter impacting the phase state of SOA, reinforcing recent findings that extrapolation of experiments not conducted at atmospherically relevant SOA levels may not yield results that are relevant to the natural environment.
Collapse
|
4
|
Yli-Pirilä P, Copolovici L, Kännaste A, Noe S, Blande JD, Mikkonen S, Klemola T, Pulkkinen J, Virtanen A, Laaksonen A, Joutsensaari J, Niinemets Ü, Holopainen JK. Herbivory by an Outbreaking Moth Increases Emissions of Biogenic Volatiles and Leads to Enhanced Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation Capacity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:11501-11510. [PMID: 27704791 PMCID: PMC5793991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In addition to climate warming, greater herbivore pressure is anticipated to enhance the emissions of climate-relevant biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from boreal and subarctic forests and promote the formation of secondary aerosols (SOA) in the atmosphere. We evaluated the effects of Epirrita autumnata, an outbreaking geometrid moth, feeding and larval density on herbivore-induced VOC emissions from mountain birch in laboratory experiments and assessed the impact of these emissions on SOA formation via ozonolysis in chamber experiments. The results show that herbivore-induced VOC emissions were strongly dependent on larval density. Compared to controls without larval feeding, clear new particle formation by nucleation in the reaction chamber was observed, and the SOA mass loadings in the insect-infested samples were significantly higher (up to 150-fold). To our knowledge, this study provides the first controlled documentation of SOA formation from direct VOC emission of deciduous trees damaged by known defoliating herbivores and suggests that chewing damage on mountain birch foliage could significantly increase reactive VOC emissions that can importantly contribute to SOA formation in subarctic forests. Additional feeding experiments on related silver birch confirmed the SOA results. Thus, herbivory-driven volatiles are likely to play a major role in future biosphere-vegetation feedbacks such as sun-screening under daily 24 h sunshine in the subarctic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pasi Yli-Pirilä
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1626, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Corresponding Author: Pasi Yli-Pirilä, University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, P.O.Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland,
| | - Lucian Copolovici
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Technical and Natural Sciences Research-Development of Aurel Vlaicu University, 2 Elena Dragoi St., 310330 Arad, Romania
| | - Astrid Kännaste
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Steffen Noe
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - James D. Blande
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Santtu Mikkonen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1626, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tero Klemola
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Juha Pulkkinen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Annele Virtanen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1626, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ari Laaksonen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1626, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 503, 00101 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jorma Joutsensaari
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1626, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Jarmo K. Holopainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Harvey RM, Bateman AP, Jain S, Li YJ, Martin S, Petrucci GA. Optical Properties of Secondary Organic Aerosol from cis-3-Hexenol and cis-3-Hexenyl Acetate: Effect of Chemical Composition, Humidity, and Phase. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:4997-5006. [PMID: 27074496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric aerosols play an important role in Earth's radiative balance directly, by scattering and absorbing radiation, and indirectly, by acting as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Atmospheric aerosol is dominated by secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formed by the oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs). Green leaf volatiles (GLVs) are a class of BVOCs that contribute to SOA, yet their role in the Earth's radiative budget is poorly understood. In this work we measured the scattering efficiency (at 450, 525, and 635 nm), absorption efficiency (between 190 and 900 nm), particle phase, bulk chemical properties (O:C, H:C), and molecular-level composition of SOA formed from the ozonolysis of two GLVs: cis-3-hexenol (HXL) and cis-3-hexenyl acetate (CHA). Both HXL and CHA produced SOA that was weakly absorbing, yet CHA-SOA was a more efficient absorber than HXL-SOA. The scatter efficiency of SOA from both systems was wavelength-dependent, with the stronger dependence exhibited by HXL-SOA, likely due to differences in particle size. HXL-SOA formed under both dry (10% RH) and wet (70% RH) conditions had the same bulk chemical properties (O:C), yet significantly different optical properties, which was attributed to differences in molecular-level composition. We have found that SOA derived from green leaf volatiles has the potential to affect the Earth's radiative budget, and also that bulk chemical properties can be insufficient to predict SOA optical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Harvey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont , Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
| | - Adam P Bateman
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Shashank Jain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont , Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
| | - Yong Jie Li
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Scot Martin
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Giuseppe A Petrucci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont , Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhu H, Huang G. Humidity independent mass spectrometry for gas phase chemical analysis via ambient proton transfer reaction. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 867:67-73. [PMID: 25813029 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a humidity independent mass spectrometric method was developed for rapid analysis of gas phase chemicals. This method is based upon ambient proton transfer reaction between gas phase chemicals and charged water droplets, in a reaction chamber with nearly saturate humidity under atmospheric pressure. The humidity independent nature enables direct and rapid analysis of raw gas phase samples, avoiding time- and sample-consuming sample pretreatments in conventional mass spectrometry methods to control sample humidity. Acetone, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and meta-xylene were used to evaluate the analytical performance of present method. The limits of detection for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and meta-xylene are in the range of ∼0.1 to ∼0.3 ppbV; that of benzene is well below the present European Union permissible exposure limit for benzene vapor (5 μg m(-3), ∼1.44 ppbV), with linear ranges of approximately two orders of magnitude. The majority of the homemade device contains a stainless steel tube as reaction chamber and an ultrasonic humidifier as the source of charged water droplets, which makes this cheap device easy to assemble and facile to operate. In addition, potential application of this method was illustrated by the real time identification of raw gas phase chemicals released from plants at different physiological stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Guangming Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nozière B, Kalberer M, Claeys M, Allan J, D'Anna B, Decesari S, Finessi E, Glasius M, Grgić I, Hamilton JF, Hoffmann T, Iinuma Y, Jaoui M, Kahnt A, Kampf CJ, Kourtchev I, Maenhaut W, Marsden N, Saarikoski S, Schnelle-Kreis J, Surratt JD, Szidat S, Szmigielski R, Wisthaler A. The molecular identification of organic compounds in the atmosphere: state of the art and challenges. Chem Rev 2015; 115:3919-83. [PMID: 25647604 DOI: 10.1021/cr5003485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Nozière
- †Ircelyon/CNRS and Université Lyon 1, 69626 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | - Barbara D'Anna
- †Ircelyon/CNRS and Université Lyon 1, 69626 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | - Irena Grgić
- ○National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | - Yoshiteru Iinuma
- ¶Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Ivan Kourtchev
- ‡University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Willy Maenhaut
- §University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium.,□Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Jason D Surratt
- ▼University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shalamzari MS, Kahnt A, Vermeylen R, Kleindienst TE, Lewandowski M, Cuyckens F, Maenhaut W, Claeys M. Characterization of polar organosulfates in secondary organic aerosol from the green leaf volatile 3-Z-hexenal. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:12671-8. [PMID: 25271849 DOI: 10.1021/es503226b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Evidence is provided that the green leaf volatile 3-Z-hexenal serves as a precursor for biogenic secondary organic aerosol through the formation of polar organosulfates (OSs) with molecular weight (MW) 226. The MW 226 C6-OSs were chemically elucidated, along with structurally similar MW 212 C5-OSs, whose biogenic precursor is likely related to 3-Z-hexenal but still remains unknown. The MW 226 and 212 OSs have a substantial abundance in ambient fine aerosol from K-puszta, Hungary, which is comparable to that of the isoprene-related MW 216 OSs, known to be formed through sulfation of C5-epoxydiols, second-generation gas-phase photooxidation products of isoprene. Using detailed interpretation of negative-ion electrospray ionization mass spectral data, the MW 226 compounds are assigned to isomeric sulfate esters of 3,4-dihydroxyhex-5-enoic acid with the sulfate group located at the C-3 or C-4 position. Two MW 212 compounds present in ambient fine aerosol are attributed to isomeric sulfate esters of 2,3-dihydroxypent-4-enoic acid, of which two are sulfated at C-3 and one is sulfated at C-2. The formation of the MW 226 OSs is tentatively explained through photooxidation of 3-Z-hexenal in the gas phase, resulting in an alkoxy radical, followed by a rearrangement and subsequent sulfation of the epoxy group in the particle phase.
Collapse
|