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Li H, Wang S, Zheng S, Fang T, Shu H, Xu Y, Guo X, Achterberg EP, Zhan L, Ma J. Underway mapping of coastal seawater pH using an automated shipboard analyzer with spectrophotometric detection. Talanta 2024; 278:126532. [PMID: 39002256 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
The development of field-deployable methods and instruments for the measurement of pH and other carbonate parameters is important for the assessment of the marine carbon cycle, ocean acidification and marine carbon dioxide removal techniques. In this study, a high-precision fully automated integrated syringe-pump-based environmental-water analyzer for pH (iSEA-pH) was developed. The pH is determined spectrophotometrically using purified indicator dye with a high precision (better than ±0.001) and high frequency (3.5 min/sample). For the short-term analysis, the measurement frequency was 18 h-1, which revealed pH = 7.8148 ± 0.0005 (n = 104) for aged surface seawater (S = 35) from the western Pacific. For long-term analysis, the measurement frequency was 2 h-1 for 4 days, and the results showed that pH = 7.8148 ± 0.0010 (n = 200). Three commonly used pH indicators (meta-cresol purple, thymol blue and phenol red) were purified with improved flash chromatography procedures. The autonomous iSEA-pH can automatically correct for the influence of temperature, salinity and other factors on pH measurements to achieve rapid and accurate on-site measurements, which meet the "climate" goal of the Global Ocean Acidification Observing Network (uncertainty is ±0.003). Three identical iSEA-pH systems were developed and successfully applied in mesocosm experiments and several coastal and open ocean cruises with excellent in field performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China; College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China; Marine Biogeochemistry, Chemical Oceanography, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, 24148, Germany
| | - Shu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Shulu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China; College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengyue Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China; College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Huilin Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China; College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianghui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Eric P Achterberg
- Marine Biogeochemistry, Chemical Oceanography, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, 24148, Germany
| | - Liyang Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Global Change and Marine-Atmospheric Chemistry, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China; College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China.
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Liu F, Deroy C, Herr AE. Microfluidics for macrofluidics: addressing marine-ecosystem challenges in an era of climate change. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:4007-4027. [PMID: 39093009 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00468j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Climate change presents a mounting challenge with profound impacts on ocean and marine ecosystems, leading to significant environmental, health, and economic consequences. Microfluidic technologies, with their unique capabilities, play a crucial role in understanding and addressing the marine aspects of the climate crisis. These technologies leverage quantitative, precise, and miniaturized formats that enhance the capabilities of sensing, imaging, and molecular tools. Such advancements are critical for monitoring marine systems under the stress of climate change and elucidating their response mechanisms. This review explores microfluidic technologies employed both in laboratory settings for testing and in the field for monitoring purposes. We delve into the application of miniaturized tools in evaluating ocean-based solutions to climate change, thus offering fresh perspectives from the solution-oriented end of the spectrum. We further aim to synthesize recent developments in technology around critical questions concerning the ocean environment and marine ecosystems, while discussing the potential for future innovations in microfluidic technology. The purpose of this review is to enhance understanding of current capabilities and assist researchers interested in mitigating the effects of climate change to identify new avenues for tackling the pressing issues posed by climate change in marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangchen Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94158, USA.
| | - Cyril Deroy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94158, USA.
| | - Amy E Herr
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94158, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
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3
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Huang J, Wang H, Xue X, Zhang R. Impacts of microplastic and seawater acidification on unicellular red algae: Growth response, photosynthesis, antioxidant enzymes, and extracellular polymer substances. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 272:106960. [PMID: 38761586 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) pollution and seawater acidification have increasingly become huge threats to the ocean ecosystem. Their impacts on microalgae are of great importance, since microalgae are the main primary producers and play a critical role in marine ecosystems. However, the impact of microplastics and acidification on unicellular red algae, which have a unique phycobiliprotein antenna system, remains unclear. Therefore, the impacts of polystyrene-MPs alone and the combined effects of MPs and seawater acidification on the typical unicellular marine red algae Porphyridium purpureum were investigated in the current study. The result showed that, under normal seawater condition, microalgae densities were increased by 17.75-41.67 % compared to the control when microalgae were exposed to small-sized MPs (0.1 μm) at concentrations of 5-100 mg L-1. In addition, the photosystem II and antioxidant enzyme system were not subjected to negative effects. The large-sized MPs (1 μm) boosted microalgae growth at a low concentration of MPs (5 mg L-1). However, it was observed that microalgae growth was significantly inhibited when MPs concentration increased up to 50 and 100 mg L-1, accompanied by the remarkably reduced Fv/Fm value and the elevated levels of SOD, CAT enzymes, phycoerythrin (PE), and extracellular polysaccharide (EPS). Compared to the normal seawater condition, microalgae densities were enhanced by 52.11-332.56 % under seawater acidification, depending on MPs sizes and concentrations, due to the formed CO2-enrichment condition and appropriate pH range. PE content in microalgal cells was significantly enhanced, but SOD and CAT activities as well as EPS content markedly decreased under acidification conditions. Overall, the impacts of seawater acidification were more pronounced than MPs impacts on microalgae growth and physiological responses. These findings will contribute to a substantial understanding of the effects of MPs on marine unicellular red microalgae, especially in future seawater acidification scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianke Huang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China.
| | - Hanlong Wang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China
| | - Xiwen Xue
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China
| | - Ruizeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China
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4
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Li H, Zheng S, Tan QG, Zhan L, Martz TR, Ma J. Toward Citizen Science-Based Ocean Acidification Observations Using Smartphone Devices. Anal Chem 2023; 95:15409-15417. [PMID: 37734114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
pH is a key parameter in many chemical, biological, and biogeochemical processes, making it a fundamental aspect of environmental monitoring. Rapid and accurate seawater pH measurements are essential for effective ocean observation and acidification investigations, resulting in the need for novel solutions that allow robust, precise, and affordable pH monitoring. In this study, a versatile smartphone-based environmental analyzer (vSEA) was used for the rapid measurement of seawater pH in a field study. The feasibility of the use of the vSEA algorithm for pH quantification was explored and verified. When used in conjunction with a three-dimensional (3D)-printed light-proof shell, the quality of captured images is guaranteed. The quantitative accuracy of vSEA pH measurements reached 0.018 units with an uncertainty of <0.01, meeting the requirements of the Global Ocean Acidification Observing Network (GOA-ON) for "weather" goals (permitting a maximum pH uncertainty of 0.02). The vSEA-pH system was successfully applied for on-site pH measurements in coastal seawater and coral systems. The performance of the vSEA-pH system was validated using different real-world samples, and t-test results showed that the vSEA-pH system was consistent with pH measurements obtained using a state-of-the-art benchtop spectrophotometer (t = 1.986, p = 0.7949). The vSEA-pH system is applicable to different types of smartphone devices, making it possible for vSEA-pH to be widely promoted for public citizen use. The vSEA-pH system offers a simple, accurate, and applicable method for the on-site measurement of seawater pH, assisting the large-scale monitoring of ocean acidification by allowing the contribution of citizen science-based data collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Shulu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao-Guo Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyang Zhan
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Key Laboratory of Global Change & Marine Atmospheric Chemistry, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361000, People's Republic of China
| | - Todd R Martz
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Jian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
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Platz MC, Arias ME, Byrne RH. Reef Metabolism Monitoring Methods and Potential Applications for Coral Restoration. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 69:612-625. [PMID: 35079882 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-022-01597-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Coral reef metabolism measurements have been used by scientists for decades to track reef responses to the globe's changing carbon budget and project shifts in reef function. Here, we propose that metabolism measurement tools and methods could also be used to monitor reef ecosystem change in response to coral restoration. This review paper provides a general introduction to net ecosystem metabolism and carbon chemistry for coral reef ecosystems, followed by a review of five metabolism monitoring methods with potential for application to coral reef restoration monitoring. Selected methodologies included those with measurement scales appropriate to assess outplant arrays and whole reef ecosystem outcomes associated with restoration interventions. Subsequently we discuss how water column and CO2 chemistry could be used to address coral restoration monitoring research gaps and scale up from biological, colony-level metrics to ecosystem-scale function and performance assessments. Such function-based measurements could potentially be used to inform several goal-based monitoring objectives highlighted in the Coral Reef Restoration Monitoring Guide. Lastly, this review discusses important methodological factors, such as scale, reef type, and flow environment, that should be considered when determining which metabolism monitoring technique would be most appropriate for a reef restoration project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Platz
- University of South Florida, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, ENG-030, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Mauricio E Arias
- University of South Florida, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, ENG-030, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA.
| | - Robert H Byrne
- University of South Florida, College of Marine Science, 830 1st St S, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
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6
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Mandal A, Dutta A, Das R, Mukherjee J. Role of intertidal microbial communities in carbon dioxide sequestration and pollutant removal: A review. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 170:112626. [PMID: 34153859 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Intertidal microbial communities occur as biofilms or microphytobenthos (MPB) which are sediment-attached assemblages of bacteria, protozoa, fungi, algae, diatoms embedded in extracellular polymeric substances. Despite their global occurrence, they have not been reviewed in light of their structural and functional characteristics. This paper reviews the importance of such microbial communities and their importance in carbon dioxide sequestration as well as pollutant bioremediation. Global annual benthic microalgal productivity was 500 million tons of carbon, 50% of which contributed towards the autochthonous carbon fixation in the estuaries. Primary production by MPB was 27-234 gCm-2y-1 in the estuaries of Asia, Europe and the United States. Mechanisms of heavy metal removal remain to be tested in intertidal communities. Cyanobacteria facilitate hydrocarbon degradation in intertidal biofilms and microbial mats by supporting the associated sulfate-reducing bacteria and aerobic heterotrophs. Physiological cooperation between the microorganisms in intertidal communities imparts enhanced ability to utilize polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollutants by these microorganisms than mono-species communities. Future research may be focused on biochemical characteristics of intertidal mats and biofilms, pollutant-microbial interactions and ecosystem influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Mandal
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, 700032, India
| | - Ahana Dutta
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, 700032, India
| | - Reshmi Das
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, 700032, India.
| | - Joydeep Mukherjee
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, 700032, India.
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7
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Deng X, Zhang GL, Xin M, Liu CY, Cai WJ. Carbonate chemistry variability in the southern Yellow Sea and East China Sea during spring of 2017 and summer of 2018. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 779:146376. [PMID: 33752023 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Marginal seas are highly productive and disproportionately large contributors to global air-sea CO2 fluxes. Due to complex physical and biogeochemical conditions, the southern Yellow-East China Sea is an ideal site for studying carbonate chemistry variability. The carbonate system was investigated in the area in spring of 2017 and summer of 2018. Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA) concentrations were higher in the SYS than the ECS due to material from carbonate weathering and erosion carried by the Yellow River. High pH and low DIC and TA were observed in the Zhe-Min Coastal Current in spring due to high primary productivity caused by Changjiang River input and the Taiwan Warm Current. Temperature and biological activity were the primary drivers controlling the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) in the SYS, pCO2 was controlled by primary productivity related to nutrients carried by the Changjiang River and physical mixing in the Changjiang River plume and inner/middle shelves of the ECS, whereas temperature was the dominant factor determining pCO2 distributions in the ECS outer shelf waters influenced by the Kuroshio Current. Overall, the entire study area shifted from a CO2 sink (-4.18 ± 5.60 mmol m-2 d-1) to a weak source (1.02 ± 4.87 mmol m-2 d-1) from spring to summer. Specifically, the SYS and ECS offshore waters changed from CO2 sinks in spring to sources in summer, while the Changjiang River plume was always a CO2 sink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Deng
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, PR China; School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Gui-Ling Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Ming Xin
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, PR China; Key Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Substances and Modern Analytical Technology, the First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, PR China
| | - Chun-Ying Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
| | - Wei-Jun Cai
- School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
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Jiang M, Zheng J, Perez-Calleja P, Picioreanu C, Lin H, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Li H, Nerenberg R. New insight into CO 2-mediated denitrification process in H 2-based membrane biofilm reactor: An experimental and modeling study. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 184:116177. [PMID: 32693267 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The H2-based membrane biofilm reactor (H2-MBfR) is an emerging technology for removal of nitrate (NO3-) in water supplies. In this research, a lab-scale H2-MBfR equipped with a separated CO2 providing system and a microsensor measuring unit was developed for NO3- removal from synthetic groundwater. Experimental results show that efficient NO3- reduction with a flux of 1.46 g/(m2⋅d) was achieved at the optimal operating conditions of hydraulic retention time (HRT) 80 min, influent NO3- concentration 20 mg N/L, H2 pressure 5 psig and CO2 addition 50 mg/L. Given the complex counter-diffusion of substrates in the H2-MBfR, mathematical modeling is a key tool to both understand its behavior and optimize its performance. A sophisticated model was successfully established, calibrated and validated via comparing the measured and simulated system performance and/or substrate gradients within biofilm. Model results indicate that i) even under the optimal operating conditions, denitrifying bacteria (DNB) in the interior and exterior of biofilm suffered low growth rate, attributed to CO2 and H2 limitation, respectively; ii) appropriate operating parameters are essential to maintaining high activity of DNB in the biofilm; iii) CO2 concentration was the decisive factor which matters its dominant role in mediating hydrogenotrophic denitrification process; iv) the predicted optimum biofilm thickness was 650 µm that can maximize the denitrification flux and prevent loss of H2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Jiang
- Guilin University of Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, 319 Yanshan Street, Guilin, 541006, China; University of Notre Dame, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Junjian Zheng
- Guilin University of Electronic Technology, College of Life and Environmental Science, 1 Jinji Road, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Patricia Perez-Calleja
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Cristian Picioreanu
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Hua Lin
- Guilin University of Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, 319 Yanshan Street, Guilin, 541006, China
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Guilin University of Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, 319 Yanshan Street, Guilin, 541006, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Guilin University of Electronic Technology, College of Life and Environmental Science, 1 Jinji Road, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Haixiang Li
- Guilin University of Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, 319 Yanshan Street, Guilin, 541006, China.
| | - Robert Nerenberg
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
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Álvarez M, Fajar NM, Carter BR, Guallart EF, Pérez FF, Woosley RJ, Murata A. Global Ocean Spectrophotometric pH Assessment: Consistent Inconsistencies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:10977-10988. [PMID: 32515956 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA)-or the decrease in seawater pH resulting from ocean uptake of CO2 released by human activities-stresses ocean ecosystems and is recognized as a Climate and Sustainable Development Goal Indicator that needs to be evaluated and monitored. Monitoring OA-related pH changes requires a high level of precision and accuracy. The two most common ways to quantify seawater pH are to measure it spectrophotometrically or to calculate it from total alkalinity (TA) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). However, despite decades of research, small but important inconsistencies remain between measured and calculated pH. To date, this issue has been circumvented by examining changes only in consistently measured properties. Currently, the oceanographic community is defining new observational strategies for OA and other key aspects of the ocean carbon cycle based on novel sensors and technologies that rely on validation against data records and/or synthesis products. Comparison of measured spectrophotometric pH to calculated pH from TA and DIC measured during the 2000s and 2010s eras reveals that (1) there is an evolution toward a better agreement between measured and calculated pH over time from 0.02 pH units in the 2000s to 0.01 pH units in the 2010s at pH > 7.6; (2) a disagreement greater than 0.01 pH units persists in waters with pH < 7.6, and (3) inconsistencies likely stem from variations in the spectrophotometric pH standard operating procedure (SOP). A reassessment of pH measurement and calculation SOPs and metrology is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Álvarez
- Instituto Español de Oceanografı́a, A Coruña, 15001, Spain
| | - Noelia M Fajar
- Instituto Español de Oceanografı́a, A Coruña, 15001, Spain
| | - Brendan R Carter
- Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington 98115, United States
| | | | - Fiz F Pérez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas - CSIC, Vigo, 36208, Spain
| | - Ryan J Woosley
- Center for Global Change Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Akihiko Murata
- Research Institute for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
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10
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Tweedie M, Sun D, Gajula DR, Ward B, Maguire PD. The analysis of dissolved inorganic carbon in liquid using a microfluidic conductivity sensor with membrane separation of CO 2. MICROFLUIDICS AND NANOFLUIDICS 2020; 24:37. [PMID: 32362805 PMCID: PMC7183500 DOI: 10.1007/s10404-020-02339-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Autonomous continuous analysis of oceanic dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentration with depth is of great significance with regard to ocean acidification and climate change. However, miniaturisation of in situ analysis systems is hampered by the size, cost and power requirements of traditional optical instrumentation. Here, we report a low-cost microfluidic alternative based on CO2 separation and conductance measurements that could lead to integrated lab-on-chip systems for ocean float deployment, or for moored or autonomous surface vehicle applications. Conductimetric determination of concentration, in the seawater range of 1000-3000 µmol kg-1, has been achieved using a microfluidic thin-film electrode conductivity cell and a membrane-based gas exchange cell. Sample acidification released CO2 through the membrane, reacting in a NaOH carrier, later drawn through a sub-µL conductivity cell, for impedance versus time measurements. Precision values (relative standard deviations) were ~ 0.2% for peak height measurements at 2000 µmol kg-1. Comparable precision values of ~ 0.25% were obtained using a C4D electrophoresis headstage with similar measurement volume. The required total sample and reagent volumes were ~ 500 µL for the low volume planar membrane gas exchange cell. In contrast, previous conductivity-based DIC analysis systems required total volumes between 5000 and 10,000 µL. Long membrane tubes and macroscopic wire electrodes were avoided by incorporating a planar membrane (PDMS) in the gas exchange cell, and by sputter deposition of Ti/Au electrodes directly onto a thermoplastic (PMMA) manifold. Future performance improvements will address membrane chemical and mechanical stability, further volume reduction, and component integration into a single manifold.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Tweedie
- Nanotechnology and Integrated BioEngineering Centre (NIBEC), Ulster University, Jordanstown, Newtownabbey, BT37 0QB UK
| | - D. Sun
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Queen’s University, Belfast, BT9 5AH UK
| | - D. R. Gajula
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 USA
| | - B. Ward
- AirSea Laboratory, Ryan Institute and School of Physics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - P. D. Maguire
- Nanotechnology and Integrated BioEngineering Centre (NIBEC), Ulster University, Jordanstown, Newtownabbey, BT37 0QB UK
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11
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Ma J, Shu H, Yang B, Byrne RH, Yuan D. Spectrophotometric determination of pH and carbonate ion concentrations in seawater: Choices, constraints and consequences. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1081:18-31. [PMID: 31446956 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Accurate and precise marine CO2 system measurements are important for marine carbon cycle research and investigations of ocean acidification. Seawater pH is important because it can be used to characterize a wide range of chemical and biogeochemical processes. Saturation states of calcium carbonate minerals, which are directly proportional to carbonate ion concentration ([CO32-]), influence biogenic calcification and rates of carbonate dissolution. Spectrophotometric pH and carbonate ion measurements can both benefit greatly from the high sensitivity, stability, consistency and processing speed made possible through automation. Spectrophotometric methods are well-suited for shipboard, underway and in situ deployments under harsh conditions. Spectrophotometric pH measurements typically have a reproducibility of 0.0004-0.001 for shipboard and laboratory measurements and 0.0014-0.004 for in situ measurements. Shipboard spectrophotometric measurements of [CO32-] are becoming common on research expeditions. This review highlights the development of methods and instrumentation for spectrophotometric pH and [CO32-] measurements, and discusses the pros and cons of current technology. A comprehensive summary of the analytical merits of different flow analysis instruments is given. Aspects of measurement protocols that bear on the quality of pH and [CO32-] measurements, such as indicator purification, sample pretreatment, etc., are also described. Based on three decades of experience with seawater analysis, this review includes method recommendations and perspectives directly applicable or potentially applicable to pH and [CO32-] analysis of seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China.
| | - Huilin Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, VA 22904, United States
| | - Robert H Byrne
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, 140 7th Avenue South, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, United States
| | - Dongxing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
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12
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Nightingale AM, Hassan SU, Warren BM, Makris K, Evans GWH, Papadopoulou E, Coleman S, Niu X. A Droplet Microfluidic-Based Sensor for Simultaneous in Situ Monitoring of Nitrate and Nitrite in Natural Waters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:9677-9685. [PMID: 31352782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b01032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic-based chemical sensors take laboratory analytical protocols and miniaturize them into field-deployable systems for in situ monitoring of water chemistry. Here, we present a prototype nitrate/nitrite sensor based on droplet microfluidics that in contrast to standard (continuous phase) microfluidic sensors, treats water samples as discrete droplets contained within a flow of oil. The new sensor device can quantify the concentrations of nitrate and nitrite within each droplet and provides high measurement frequency and low fluid consumption. Reagent consumption is at a rate of 2.8 mL/day when measuring every ten seconds, orders of magnitude more efficient than those of the current state-of-the-art sensors. The sensor's capabilities were demonstrated during a three-week deployment in a tidal river. The accurate and high frequency data (6% error relative to spot samples, measuring at 0.1 Hz) elucidated the influence of tidal variation, rain events, diurnal effects, and anthropogenic input on concentrations at the deployment site. This droplet microfluidic-based sensor is suitable for a wide range of applications such as monitoring of rivers, lakes, coastal waters, and industrial effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian M Nightingale
- Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences , University of Southampton , Southampton , SO17 1BJ , United Kingdom
| | - Sammer-Ul Hassan
- Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences , University of Southampton , Southampton , SO17 1BJ , United Kingdom
| | - Brett M Warren
- SouthWestSensor Ltd , Enterprise House, Ocean Village , Southampton , SO14 3XB , United Kingdom
| | - Kyriacos Makris
- SouthWestSensor Ltd , Enterprise House, Ocean Village , Southampton , SO14 3XB , United Kingdom
| | - Gareth W H Evans
- Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences , University of Southampton , Southampton , SO17 1BJ , United Kingdom
| | - Evanthia Papadopoulou
- SouthWestSensor Ltd , Enterprise House, Ocean Village , Southampton , SO14 3XB , United Kingdom
| | - Sharon Coleman
- Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences , University of Southampton , Southampton , SO17 1BJ , United Kingdom
- SouthWestSensor Ltd , Enterprise House, Ocean Village , Southampton , SO14 3XB , United Kingdom
| | - Xize Niu
- Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences , University of Southampton , Southampton , SO17 1BJ , United Kingdom
- SouthWestSensor Ltd , Enterprise House, Ocean Village , Southampton , SO14 3XB , United Kingdom
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Bushinsky SM, Takeshita Y, Williams NL. Observing Changes in Ocean Carbonate Chemistry: Our Autonomous Future. CURRENT CLIMATE CHANGE REPORTS 2019; 5:207-220. [PMID: 31404217 PMCID: PMC6659613 DOI: 10.1007/s40641-019-00129-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We summarize recent progress on autonomous observations of ocean carbonate chemistry and the development of a network of sensors capable of observing carbonate processes at multiple temporal and spatial scales. RECENT FINDINGS The development of versatile pH sensors suitable for both deployment on autonomous vehicles and in compact, fixed ecosystem observatories has been a major development in the field. The initial large-scale deployment of profiling floats equipped with these new pH sensors in the Southern Ocean has demonstrated the feasibility of a global autonomous open-ocean carbonate observing system. SUMMARY Our developing network of autonomous carbonate observations is currently targeted at surface ocean CO2 fluxes and compact ecosystem observatories. New integration of developed sensors on gliders and surface vehicles will increase our coastal and regional observational capability. Most autonomous platforms observe a single carbonate parameter, which leaves us reliant on the use of empirical relationships to constrain the rest of the carbonate system. Sensors now in development promise the ability to observe multiple carbonate system parameters from a range of vehicles in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth M. Bushinsky
- Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, 300 Forrestal Road, Sayre Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA
| | - Yuichiro Takeshita
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, 7700 Sandholdt Road, Moss Landing, CA USA
| | - Nancy L. Williams
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 7600 Sand Point Way, NE, Seattle, WA USA
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Tweedie M, Sun D, Ward B, Maguire PD. Long-term hydrolytically stable bond formation for future membrane-based deep ocean microfluidic chemical sensors. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:1287-1295. [PMID: 30848276 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00123a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Future ocean profiling of dissolved inorganic carbon and other analytes will require miniaturised chemical analysis systems based on sealed gas membranes between two fluid channels. However, for long-term deployment in the deep ocean at high pressure, the ability to seal incompatible materials represents an immense challenge. We demonstrate proof of principle high strength bond sealing. We show that polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is a preferred membrane material for rapid CO2 transfer, without ion leakage, and report long-term stable bonding of thin PDMS membrane films to inert thermoplastic poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) patterned manifolds. Device channels were filled with 0.01 M NaOH and subjected to repeated tape pull and pressure - flow tests without failure for up to six weeks. Bond formation utilised a thin coating of the aminosilane bis-[3-trimethoxysilylpropyl]amine (BTMSPA) conformally coated onto PMMA channels and surfaces and cured. All surfaces were subsequently plasma treated and devices subject to thermocompressive bond annealing. Successful chemically resistant bonding of membrane materials to thermoplastics opens the possibility of remote environmental chemical analysis and offers a route to float-based depth profiling of dissolved inorganic carbon in the oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tweedie
- NIBEC, Ulster University, Belfast, BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland, UK.
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Athavale R, Pankratova N, Dinkel C, Bakker E, Wehrli B, Brand A. Fast Potentiometric CO 2 Sensor for High-Resolution in Situ Measurements in Fresh Water Systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:11259-11266. [PMID: 30176718 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a new potentiometric sensor principle and a calibration protocol for in situ profiling of dissolved CO2 with high temporal and spatial resolution in fresh water lakes. The sensor system is based on the measurement of EMF between two solid-contact ion selective electrodes (SC-ISEs), a hydrogen ion selective and a carbonate selective sensor. Since it relies on SC-ISEs, it is insensitive to changes in pressure, thus suitable for in situ studies. Also, as it offers a response time ( t95%) of <10 s, it allows for profiling applications at high spatial resolution. The proposed optimum in situ protocol accounts for the continuous drift and change in offset that remains a challenge during profiling in natural waters. The fast response resolves features that are usually missed by standard methods like the classical Severinghaus CO2 probe. In addition, the insensitivity of the presented setup to dissolved sulfide allows also for measurements in anoxic zones of eutrophic systems. Highly resolved CO2 concentration profiles obtained by the novel and robust SC-ISE setup along with the developed optimum in situ protocol allow investigating hotspots of biogeochemical processes, such as mineralization and primary production in the water column and help improving estimates for CO2 turnover in freshwater systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Athavale
- Eawag-Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , Department of Surface Waters Research and Management , Seestrasse 79 , CH-6047 Kastanienbaum , Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics , ETH Zurich , Universitätsstrasse 16 , CH-8092 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Nadezda Pankratova
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry , University of Geneva , Quai E.-Ansermet 30 , 1211 Geneva , Switzerland
- Integrated Systems Laboratory (LSI) , Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Christian Dinkel
- Eawag-Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , Department of Surface Waters Research and Management , Seestrasse 79 , CH-6047 Kastanienbaum , Switzerland
| | - Eric Bakker
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry , University of Geneva , Quai E.-Ansermet 30 , 1211 Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Wehrli
- Eawag-Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , Department of Surface Waters Research and Management , Seestrasse 79 , CH-6047 Kastanienbaum , Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics , ETH Zurich , Universitätsstrasse 16 , CH-8092 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Andreas Brand
- Eawag-Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , Department of Surface Waters Research and Management , Seestrasse 79 , CH-6047 Kastanienbaum , Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics , ETH Zurich , Universitätsstrasse 16 , CH-8092 Zürich , Switzerland
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Cyronak T, Andersson AJ, Langdon C, Albright R, Bates NR, Caldeira K, Carlton R, Corredor JE, Dunbar RB, Enochs I, Erez J, Eyre BD, Gattuso JP, Gledhill D, Kayanne H, Kline DI, Koweek DA, Lantz C, Lazar B, Manzello D, McMahon A, Meléndez M, Page HN, Santos IR, Schulz KG, Shaw E, Silverman J, Suzuki A, Teneva L, Watanabe A, Yamamoto S. Taking the metabolic pulse of the world's coral reefs. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190872. [PMID: 29315312 PMCID: PMC5760028 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, coral reef ecosystems are experiencing increasing pressure from a variety of anthropogenic perturbations including ocean warming and acidification, increased sedimentation, eutrophication, and overfishing, which could shift reefs to a condition of net calcium carbonate (CaCO3) dissolution and erosion. Herein, we determine the net calcification potential and the relative balance of net organic carbon metabolism (net community production; NCP) and net inorganic carbon metabolism (net community calcification; NCC) within 23 coral reef locations across the globe. In light of these results, we consider the suitability of using these two metrics developed from total alkalinity (TA) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) measurements collected on different spatiotemporal scales to monitor coral reef biogeochemistry under anthropogenic change. All reefs in this study were net calcifying for the majority of observations as inferred from alkalinity depletion relative to offshore, although occasional observations of net dissolution occurred at most locations. However, reefs with lower net calcification potential (i.e., lower TA depletion) could shift towards net dissolution sooner than reefs with a higher potential. The percent influence of organic carbon fluxes on total changes in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) (i.e., NCP compared to the sum of NCP and NCC) ranged from 32% to 88% and reflected inherent biogeochemical differences between reefs. Reefs with the largest relative percentage of NCP experienced the largest variability in seawater pH for a given change in DIC, which is directly related to the reefs ability to elevate or suppress local pH relative to the open ocean. This work highlights the value of measuring coral reef carbonate chemistry when evaluating their susceptibility to ongoing global environmental change and offers a baseline from which to guide future conservation efforts aimed at preserving these valuable ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Cyronak
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (TC); (AA)
| | - Andreas J. Andersson
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (TC); (AA)
| | - Chris Langdon
- The Rosential School of Marine & Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Albright
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Nicholas R. Bates
- Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, St. George’s, Bermuda
- University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ken Caldeira
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Renee Carlton
- Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, NOAA, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jorge E. Corredor
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
| | - Rob B. Dunbar
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Ian Enochs
- Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, NOAA, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Erez
- Institute of Earth Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Bradley D. Eyre
- Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Research, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jean-Pierre Gattuso
- CNRS-INSU, Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche, Villefranche-sur-mer, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Observatoire Océanologique, Villefranche-sur-mer, France
- Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations, Sciences Po, Paris, France
| | - Dwight Gledhill
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Ocean Acidification Program, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hajime Kayanne
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - David I. Kline
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
| | - David A. Koweek
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Coulson Lantz
- Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Research, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Boaz Lazar
- Institute of Earth Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Derek Manzello
- Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, NOAA, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ashly McMahon
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Melissa Meléndez
- School of Marine Science and Ocean Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire
| | - Heather N. Page
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Isaac R. Santos
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kai G. Schulz
- Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Research, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emily Shaw
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, California, United States of America
| | | | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Lida Teneva
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Conservation International, Center for Oceans, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Atsushi Watanabe
- Department of Mechanical and Environmental Informatics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji Yamamoto
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Sharp JD, Byrne RH, Liu X, Feely RA, Cuyler EE, Wanninkhof R, Alin SR. Spectrophotometric Determination of Carbonate Ion Concentrations: Elimination of Instrument-Dependent Offsets and Calculation of In Situ Saturation States. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:9127-9136. [PMID: 28777547 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This work describes an improved algorithm for spectrophotometric determinations of seawater carbonate ion concentrations ([CO32-]spec) derived from observations of ultraviolet absorbance spectra in lead-enriched seawater. Quality-control assessments of [CO32-]spec data obtained on two NOAA research cruises (2012 and 2016) revealed a substantial intercruise difference in average Δ[CO32-] (the difference between a sample's [CO32-]spec value and the corresponding [CO32-] value calculated from paired measurements of pH and dissolved inorganic carbon). Follow-up investigation determined that this discordance was due to the use of two different spectrophotometers, even though both had been properly calibrated. Here we present an essential methodological refinement to correct [CO32-]spec absorbance data for small but significant instrumental differences. After applying the correction (which, notably, is not necessary for pH determinations from sulfonephthalein dye absorbances) to the shipboard absorbance data, we fit the combined-cruise data set to produce empirically updated parameters for use in processing future (and historical) [CO32-]spec absorbance measurements. With the new procedure, the average Δ[CO32-] offset between the two aforementioned cruises was reduced from 3.7 μmol kg-1 to 0.7 μmol kg-1, which is well within the standard deviation of the measurements (1.9 μmol kg-1). We also introduce an empirical model to calculate in situ carbonate ion concentrations from [CO32-]spec. We demonstrate that these in situ values can be used to determine calcium carbonate saturation states that are in good agreement with those determined by more laborious and expensive conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Sharp
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida , 140 Seventh Avenue South, St. Petersburg, Florida 33701, United States
| | - Robert H Byrne
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida , 140 Seventh Avenue South, St. Petersburg, Florida 33701, United States
| | - Xuewu Liu
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida , 140 Seventh Avenue South, St. Petersburg, Florida 33701, United States
| | - Richard A Feely
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, NOAA , 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, Washington 98115, United States
| | - Erin E Cuyler
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida , 140 Seventh Avenue South, St. Petersburg, Florida 33701, United States
| | - Rik Wanninkhof
- Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, NOAA , 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, Florida 33149, United States
| | - Simone R Alin
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, NOAA , 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, Washington 98115, United States
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18
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Crespo GA. Recent Advances in Ion-selective membrane electrodes for in situ environmental water analysis. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.05.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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Developments in marine pCO2 measurement technology; towards sustained in situ observations. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Lin Q, Mao PP, Zheng F, Liu L, Liu J, Zhang YM, Yao H, Wei TB. Novel supramolecular sensors constructed from pillar[5]arene and a naphthalimide for efficient detection of Fe3+ and F− in water. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj02581e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Novel water soluble supramolecular sensors for efficient detection of Fe3+ and F− were constructed by assembling a novel naphthalimide and pillar[5]arene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials
- Ministry of Education of China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
| | - Peng-Peng Mao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials
- Ministry of Education of China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
| | - Feng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials
- Ministry of Education of China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
| | - Lu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials
- Ministry of Education of China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
| | - Juan Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Northwest University for Nationalities
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - You-Ming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials
- Ministry of Education of China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
| | - Hong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials
- Ministry of Education of China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
| | - Tai-Bao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials
- Ministry of Education of China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
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21
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Zou X, Wang Y, Liu W, Chen L. m-Cresol purple functionalized surface enhanced Raman scattering paper chips for highly sensitive detection of pH in the neutral pH range. Analyst 2017; 142:2333-2337. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an00653e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
m-Cresol purple functionalized SERS chips for sensitive detection of pH in the neutral pH range relying on the SERS to SERRS mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zou
- School of Pharmacy
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University)
- Ministry of Education
- Yantai University
| | - Yunqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Yantai 264003
- China
| | - Wanhui Liu
- School of Pharmacy
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University)
- Ministry of Education
- Yantai University
| | - Lingxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Yantai 264003
- China
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22
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Land PE, Shutler JD, Findlay HS, Girard-Ardhuin F, Sabia R, Reul N, Piolle JF, Chapron B, Quilfen Y, Salisbury J, Vandemark D, Bellerby R, Bhadury P. Salinity from space unlocks satellite-based assessment of ocean acidification. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:1987-1994. [PMID: 25569587 DOI: 10.1021/es504849s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter E Land
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, U.K
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