1
|
Chen Y, Mi X, Cao Z, Guo A, Li C, Yao H, Yuan P. Mechanisms of surface groups regulating developmental toxicity of graphene-based nanomaterials via glycerophospholipid metabolic pathway. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 938:173576. [PMID: 38810761 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Surface modification of graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) may occur in aquatic environment and during intentional preparation. However, the influence of the surface groups on the developmental toxicity of GBNs has not been determined. In this study, we evaluated the developmental toxicity of three GBNs including GO (graphene oxide), RGO (reduced GO) and RGO-N (aminated RGO) by employing zebrafish embryos at environmentally relevant concentrations (1-100 μg/L), and the underlying metabolic mechanisms were explored. The results showed that both GO and RGO-N disturbed the development of zebrafish embryos, and the adverse effect of GO was greater than that of RGO-N. Furthermore, the oxygen-containing groups of GBNs play a more important role in inducing developmental toxicity compared to size, defects and nitrogen-containing groups. Specifically, the epoxide and hydroxyl groups of GBNs increased their intrinsic oxidative potential, promoted the generation of ROS, and caused lipid peroxidation. Moreover, a significant decrease in guanosine and abnormal metabolism of multiple glycerophospholipids were observed in all three GBN-treated groups. Nevertheless, GO exposure triggered more metabolic activities related to lipid peroxidation than RGO or RGO-N exposure, and the disturbance intensity of the same metabolite was greater than that of the other two agents. These findings reveal underlying metabolic mechanisms of GBN-induced developmental toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Chen
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, First Hospital Affiliated to Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, China.
| | - Xingjie Mi
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Zhenzhen Cao
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Ao Guo
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Chunjie Li
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Haojing Yao
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Peng Yuan
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu K, Ouyang S, Tao Z, Hu X, Zhou Q. Algal extracellular polymeric substance compositions drive the binding characteristics, affinity, and phytotoxicity of graphene oxide in water. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 260:121908. [PMID: 38878307 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO, a popular 2D nanomaterial) poses great potential in water treatment arousing considerable attention regarding its fate and risk in aquatic environments. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) exist widely in water and play critical roles in biogeochemical processes. However, the influences of complex EPS fractions on the fate and risk of GO remain unknown in water. This study integrates fluorescence excitation-emission matrix-parallel factor, two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy, and biolayer interferometry studies on the binding characteristics and affinity between EPS fractions and GO. The results revealed the preferential binding of fluorescent aromatic protein-like component, fulvic-like component, and non-fluorescent polysaccharide in soluble EPS (S-EPS) and bound EPS (B-EPS) on GO via π-π stacking and electrostatic interaction that contributed to a higher adsorption capacity of S-EPS on GO and weaker affinity than of B-EPS. Moreover, the EPS fractions drive the morphological and structural alterations, and the attenuated colloid stability of GO in water. Notably, GO-EPS induced stronger phytotoxicity (e.g., photosynthetic damage, and membrane lipid remodeling) compared to pristine GO. Metabolic and functional lipid analysis further elucidated the regulation of amino acid, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism contributed to the persistent phytotoxicity. This work provides insights into the roles and mechanisms of EPS fractions composition in regulating the environmental fate and risk of GO in natural water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kangying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Carbon Neutrality Science Center, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shaohu Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Carbon Neutrality Science Center, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Zongxin Tao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Carbon Neutrality Science Center, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiangang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Carbon Neutrality Science Center, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qixing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Carbon Neutrality Science Center, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
He S, Wang J, Zhou L, Mao Z, Zhang X, Cai J, Huang P. Enhanced hepatic metabolic perturbation of polystyrene nanoplastics by UV irradiation-induced hydroxyl radical generation. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 142:259-268. [PMID: 38527891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The environmental behavior of and risks associated with nanoplastics (NPs) have attracted considerable attention. However, compared to pristine NPs, environmental factors such as ultraviolet (UV) irradiation that lead to changes in the toxicity of NPs have rarely been studied. We evaluated the changes in morphology and physicochemical properties of polystyrene (PS) NPs before and after UV irradiation, and compared their hepatotoxicity in mice. The results showed that UV irradiation caused particle size reduction and increased the carbonyl index (CI) and negative charge on the particle surface. UV-aged PS NPs (aPS NPs) could induce the generation of hydroxyl radicals (·OH), but also further promoted the generation of ·OH in the Fenton reaction system. Hepatic pathological damage was more severe in mice exposed to aPS NPs, accompanied by a large number of vacuoles and hepatocyte balloon-like changes and more marked perturbations in blood glucose and serum lipoprotein, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels. In addition, exposure to PS NPs and aPS NPs, especially aPS NPs, triggered oxidative stress and significantly damaged the antioxidant capacity of mice liver. Compared with PS NPs, exposure to aPS NPs increased the number of altered metabolites in hepatic and corresponding metabolic pathways, especially glutathione metabolism. Our research suggests that UV irradiation can disrupt the redox balance in organisms by promoting the production of ·OH, enhancing PS NPs-induced liver damage and metabolic disorders. This study will help us understand the health risks of NPs and to avoid underestimation of the risks of NPs in nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu He
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jingran Wang
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lihong Zhou
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhen Mao
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhang
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jin Cai
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Peili Huang
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
He S, Cai J, Jia T, Mao Z, Zhou L, Zhang X, Jiang S, Huang P. New Sight of Renal Toxicity Caused by UV-Aged Polystyrene Nanoplastics: Induced Ferroptosis via Adsorption of Transferrin. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309369. [PMID: 38175859 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Secondary nanoplastics (NPs) caused by degradation and aging due to environmental factors are the main source of human exposure, and alterations in the physicochemical and biological properties of NPs induced by environmental factors cannot be overlooked. In this study, pristine polystyrene (PS) NPs to obtain ultraviolet (UV)-aged PS NPs (aPS NPs) as secondary NPs is artificially aged. In a mouse oral exposure model, the nephrotoxicity of PS NPs and aPS NPs is compared, and the results showed that aPS NPs exposure induced more serious destruction of kidney tissue structure and function, along with characteristic changes in ferroptosis. Subsequent in vitro experiments revealed that aPS NPs-induced cell death in human renal tubular epithelial cells involved ferroptosis, which is supported by the use of ferrostatin-1, a ferroptosis inhibitor. Notably, it is discovered that aPS NPs can enhance the binding of serum transferrin (TF) to its receptor on the cell membrane by forming an aPS-TF complex, leading to an increase in intracellular Fe2+ and then exacerbation of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, which render cells more sensitive to ferroptosis. These findings indicated that UV irradiation can alter the physicochemical and biological properties of NPs, enhancing their kidney biological toxicity risk by inducing ferroptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu He
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jin Cai
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Tianjiang Jia
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zhen Mao
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Lihong Zhou
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhang
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Shuqin Jiang
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Peili Huang
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lu K, Hu Q, Zhai L, Zhu Z, Xu Y, Ding Z, Zeng H, Dong S, Gao S, Mao L. Mineralization of Few-Layer Graphene Made It Bioavailable in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:15255-15265. [PMID: 37768274 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have emphasized the toxicity of graphene-based nanomaterials to algae, however, the fundamental behavior and processes of graphene in biological hosts, including its transportation, metabolization, and bioavailability, are still not well understood. As photosynthetic organisms, algae are key contributors to carbon fixation and may play an important role in the fate of graphene. This study investigated the biological fate of 14C-labeled few-layer graphene (14C-FLG) in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (C. reinhardtii). The results showed that 14C-FLG was taken up by C. reinhardtii and then translocated into its chloroplast. Metabolomic analysis revealed that 14C-FLG altered the metabolic profiles (including sugar metabolism, fatty acid, and tricarboxylic acid cycle) of C. reinhardtii, which promoted the photosynthesis of C. reinhardtii and then enhanced their growth. More importantly, the internalized 14C-FLG was metabolized into 14CO2, which was then used to participate in the metabolic processes required for life. Approximately 61.63%, 25.31%, and 13.06% of the total radioactivity (from 14CO2) was detected in carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins of algae, respectively. Overall, these results reveal the role of algae in the fate of graphene and highlight the potential of available graphene in bringing biological effects to algae, which helps to better assess the environmental risks of graphene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qingyuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Li Zhai
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yunsong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhaohui Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shipeng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shixiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Liang Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ren C, Yan R, Yuan Z, Yin L, Li H, Ding J, Wu T, Chen R. Maternal exposure to sunlight-irradiated graphene oxide induces neurodegeneration-like symptoms in zebrafish offspring through intergenerational translocation and genomic DNA methylation alterations. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 179:108188. [PMID: 37690221 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The physiochemical properties of graphene oxide may be affected by sunlight irradiation. However, the underlying mechanisms that alter the properties and subsequent intergenerational effects are not sufficiently investigate. Epigenetics is an early sensitive marker for the intergenerational effects of nanomaterial exposure due to the epigenetic memory. In this study, we investigate changes in the physicochemical properties and the intergenerational effects of maternal exposure to simulated sunlight-irradiated polyethyleneimine-functionalized graphene oxide (SL-PEI-GO). Results show that the physicochemical properties of polyethyleneimine-functionalized graphene oxide (PEI-GO) can be altered significantly by the oxidation of carbon atoms with unpaired electrons present in the defects and on the edges of PEI-GO by sunlight. First, the positive charges, sharp edges, defects and disordered structures of SL-PEI-GO make it translocate from maternal zebrafish to offspring, thus catalyzing the production of reactive oxygen species and damaging mitochondria directly. In addition, changes in DNA methylation reduce the expression of protocadherin1a, protocadherin19 and cadherin4, thus destroying cell membrane integrity, cell adhesion and Ca2+ binding. The alteration of DNA methylation induced by maternal exposure activates the Ca2+-CaMKK-brsk2a pathway, which catalyzes the phosphorylation of Tau and eventually results in the appearance of neurodegeneration-like symptoms, including the loss of neurons and neurobehavioral disorders. This study demonstrates that maternal exposure to SL-PEI-GO induces clear neurodegeneration-like symptoms in offspring through both the intergenerational translocation of nanomaterials and differential DNA methylation. These findings may provide new insights into the health risks of nanomaterials altered by nature conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoxiu Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Sanitary chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ruyu Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Sanitary chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ziyi Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Sanitary chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lijia Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Sanitary chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hongji Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Sanitary chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jing Ding
- Tianjin Environmental Meteorological Center, Tianjin 300074, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Enze Biomass Fine Chemicals, College of New Materials and Chemical Engineering, Beijing institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617, China.
| | - Rui Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Sanitary chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ali J, Wang X, Shang E, Wang Y, Zhao J, Gao B, Xia X, Li Y. Promotion effect of ultraviolet light on graphene oxide aggregation in the presence of different climatic zone's humic and fulvic acid. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 242:120261. [PMID: 37399691 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation of graphene oxide (GO) is significantly affected by dissolved organic matter (DOM) in natural waters, while DOM's climate zone and light irradiation is seldom considered. This study investigated the effect of humic/fulvic acid (HA/FA) from various climate zones of China on aggregation of small (200 nm) and large (500 nm) GO under 120-h UV irradiation. GO aggregation was promoted by HA/FA because UV irradiation decreased hydrophilicity of GO and steric forces among particles. GO generated electron and hole pair under UV irradiation, which reduce GO with more hydrophilic oxygen-containing functional group (C-O) to rGO with high hydrophobicity and oxidize DOM into organic matter with smaller molecular weight. Most severe GO aggregation was observed with Makou HA from Subtropical Monsoon climate zone and Maqin FA from Plateau and Mountain climate zone, which was primarily because HA/FA's high molecular weight and aromaticity dispersed GO initially that facilitated UV penetration. GO aggregation ratio was positively correlated with graphitic fraction content (R2 = 0.82-0.99) and negatively correlated with C-O group content (R2 = 0.61-0.98) in the presence of DOM under UV irradiation. This work highlights different dispersity of GO during photochemical reactions in various climate zones, providing new insight into the environmental implications of nanomaterial release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jawad Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Xinjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Enxiang Shang
- College of Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Huanghua, Hebei 061100, PR China
| | - Yining Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Bowen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Xinghui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Huang Y, Yao H, Li X, Li F, Wang X, Fu Z, Li N, Chen J. Differences of functionalized graphene materials on inducing chronic aquatic toxicity through the regulation of DNA damage, metabolism and oxidative stress in Daphnia magna. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 876:162735. [PMID: 36907422 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Graphene can be modified with functional groups when released into the environment. However, very little is known about molecular mechanisms of chronic aquatic toxicity induced by graphene nanomaterials with different surface functional groups. By using RNA sequencing, we investigated the toxic mechanisms of unfunctionalized graphene (u-G), carboxylated graphene (G-COOH), aminated graphene (G-NH2), hydroxylated graphene (G-OH) and thiolated graphene (G-SH) to Daphnia magna during 21-day exposure. We revealed that alteration of ferritin transcription levels in the "mineral absorption" signaling pathway is a molecular initiating event leading to potential of oxidative stress in Daphnia magna by u-G, while toxic effects of four functionalized graphenes are related to several metabolic pathways including the "protein digestion and absorption" pathway and "carbohydrate digestion and absorption" pathway. The transcription and translation related pathways were inhibited by G-NH2 and G-OH, which further affected the functions of proteins and normal life activities. Noticeably, detoxifications of graphene and its surface functional derivatives were promoted by increasing the gene expressions related to chitin and glucose metabolism as well as cuticle structure components. These findings demonstrate important mechanistic insights that can potentially be employed for safety assessment of graphene nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Hongye Yao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Xuehua Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, PR China.
| | - Fei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Ningjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ouyang S, Zhou Q, Yuan P, Gao Y, Sun J, Zou W, Hu X. Natural nanocolloids regulate the fate and phytotoxicity of hematite particles in water. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 232:119678. [PMID: 36738560 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hematite (the most abundant iron oxide polymorph) is widely detected in the water environment and has attracted considerable attention. Natural nanocolloids (Ncs) exist ubiquitously in surface waters and play critical roles in biogeochemical processes. However, the influences of Ncs on the fate and phytotoxicity of hematite remain unknown. In this study, the infrared absorption spectra coupled with two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy analysis reveal that the specific binding interactions between Ncs and hematite primarily occur via hydrophilic effects and π-π interactions with an increase in the Ncs contact time. Moreover, binding with Ncs slightly promoted the aggregation rates of hematite particles in the BG-11 medium. Interestingly, Ncs remarkably mitigate the phytotoxicity (e.g., growth inhibition, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial toxicity) of nanosized and submicrosized hematite particles to Chlorella vulgaris after a 96 h exposure. The integrating metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis reveals that the regulated urea cycle, amino acids, and fatty acid-related metabolites (e.g., urea, serine, glutamate, and hexadecenoic acid) and genes (e.g., ACY1, CysC, and GLA) contribute to persistent phytotoxicity. This study provides new insights into the roles and mechanisms of natural Ncs in regulating the environmental risk of iron oxide minerals in aqueous media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaohu Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qixing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Peng Yuan
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453000, China
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Wei Zou
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Xiangang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen R, Ma H, Li X, Wang M, Yang Y, Wu T, Zhang Y, Kong H, Qu H, Zhao Y. A Novel Drug with Potential to Treat Hyperbilirubinemia and Prevent Liver Damage Induced by Hyperbilirubinemia: Carbon Dots Derived from Platycodon grandiflorum. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062720. [PMID: 36985691 PMCID: PMC10056707 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Platycodon grandiflorum (PG) is a traditional Chinese medicine with a long history, but its active compounds have not been reported. In this study, novel carbon dots (CDs), PG-based CDs (PGC-CDs), were discovered and prepared from PG via calcinations and characterized by transmission electron microscopy; high-resolution transmission electron microscopy; X-ray diffraction, fluorescence, ultraviolet-visible, and Fourier-transform infrared spectrometers; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; and high-performance liquid chromatography. In addition, the safety and antioxidant activity of PGC-CDs was evaluated by RAW264.7 cells and LO2 cells. The therapeutic effects of PGC-CDs on hyperbilirubinemia and liver protection were evaluated in a bilirubin-induced hyperbilirubinemia mice model. The experiment confirmed that the diameter range of PGC-CDs was from 1.2 to 3.6 nm. PGC-CDs had no toxicity to RAW264.7 cells and LO2 cells at a concentration of 3.91 to 1000 µg/mL and could reduce the oxidative damage of cells caused by H2O2. PGC-CDs could inhibit the increase levels of bilirubin and inflammation factors and increase the levels of antioxidants and survival rate, demonstrating that PGC-CDs possessed anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation activity. PGC-CDs may reduce the content of bilirubin, so as to reduce a series of pathological lesions caused by bilirubin, which has potential in treating hyperbilirubinemia and preventing liver damage induced by hyperbilirubinemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Huagen Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Meijun Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yunbo Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tong Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hui Kong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Huihua Qu
- Center of Scientific Experiment, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-6428-6705; Fax: +86-010-6428-6821
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pikula K, Johari SA, Golokhvast K. Colloidal Behavior and Biodegradation of Engineered Carbon-Based Nanomaterials in Aquatic Environment. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4149. [PMID: 36500771 PMCID: PMC9737966 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) have attracted a growing interest over the last decades. They have become a material commonly used in industry, consumer products, water purification, and medicine. Despite this, the safety and toxic properties of different types of CNMs are still debatable. Multiple studies in recent years highlight the toxicity of CNMs in relation to aquatic organisms, including bacteria, microalgae, bivalves, sea urchins, and other species. However, the aspects that have significant influence on the toxic properties of CNMs in the aquatic environment are often not considered in research works and require further study. In this work, we summarized the current knowledge of colloidal behavior, transformation, and biodegradation of different types of CNMs, including graphene and graphene-related materials, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, and carbon quantum dots. The other part of this work represents an overview of the known mechanisms of CNMs' biodegradation and discusses current research works relating to the biodegradation of CNMs in aquatic species. The knowledge about the biodegradation of nanomaterials will facilitate the development of the principals of "biodegradable-by-design" nanoparticles which have promising application in medicine as nano-carriers and represent lower toxicity and risks for living species and the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Pikula
- Polytechnical Institute, Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, Vladivostok 690922, Russia
| | - Seyed Ali Johari
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Pasdaran St., Sanandaj 66177-15175, Iran
| | - Kirill Golokhvast
- Polytechnical Institute, Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, Vladivostok 690922, Russia
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agrobiotechnology, Centralnaya, Presidium, Krasnoobsk 633501, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wu G, Huang Y, Li J, Lu Y, Liu L, Du D, Xue Y. Chronic level of exposures to low-dosed MoS 2 nanomaterials exhibits more toxic effects in HaCaT keratinocytes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 242:113848. [PMID: 35835073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum disulfide nanomaterials (MoS2 NMs) have shown significant role as photocatalysts, lubricating agents and sterilant due to their remarkable physicochemical properties. Because of the increasing demand for MoS2 NMs in numerous industrial domains, greater occupational exposure and subsequent NMs release into environment would be unavoidable. However, much efforts have been made to uncover the biological effects of NMs at unrealistic high concentration or acute duration, placing constraints on setting the realistic occupational exposure thresholds with confidence. In order to fill the current knowledge gap, this study aimed to evaluate the nanotoxicity of MoS2 NMs with or without surface defects under the more realistic exposure mode. Noteworthily, the artificial sweat transformed-occupational exposure-cytotoxicity investigation of MoS2 NMs was established as the main studied line. And the high cellular internalization and augmented oxidative stress triggered by surface defect could be recognized as the main factors for triggering serious cellular damage. Moreover, the HaCaTs exhibited loss of cell membrane integrity, dysfunction of mitochondria, disorder of endoplasmic reticulum and damages of nuclei after chronic exposure, compared with acute exposure. The study provided closely realistic exposure scenarios for NMs which exhibited significant difference from acute toxic investigation, enriching understanding towards real environmental safety of NMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guizhu Wu
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yun Huang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jian Li
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yanyan Lu
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Daolin Du
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Yonglai Xue
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li D, Zhou Q, Hu X, Mu L, Zeng H, Luo J. Environmental decomposition and remodeled phytotoxicity of framework-based nanomaterials. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 422:126846. [PMID: 34416702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Zeolitic imidazole frameworks (ZIFs) have attracted a considerable amount of attention for use in environmental applications (e.g., pollutant adsorption and photocatalysis in water treatments). The environmental stability and toxicity of ZIFs are key prerequisites for their practical applications, but information about these factors is largely lacking. The present work finds that pristine ZIFs (ZIF-8 and ZIF-67) photodegrade from frame structures into two-dimensional nanosheets and are oxidized to zinc carbonate (ZIF-8) and Co3O4 (ZIF-67) under visible-light irradiation. The photoinduced electrons, holes and free radicals promote dissolution of the metal cores and organic ligands, leading to collapse of the frame structure. The photodegradation of ZIF-8 alleviates developmental inhibition, oxidative stress, plasmolysis, and photosynthetic toxicity, while the photodegradation of ZIF-67 aggravates nanotoxicity. The integration of metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis reveals that unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis and metal ion-binding transcription contribute to the altered toxicity of ZIF photodegradation. These findings highlight the roles of photodegradation in structural transformation and alteration of the toxicity of ZIFs, alarming the study of pristine metal-organic frameworks (MOFs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 30080 Tianjin, China
| | - Qixing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 30080 Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 30080 Tianjin, China.
| | - Li Mu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Safe-product, Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Agro-environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China.
| | - Hui Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 30080 Tianjin, China
| | - Jiwei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 30080 Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Guo Z, Chakraborty S, Monikh FA, Varsou DD, Chetwynd AJ, Afantitis A, Lynch I, Zhang P. Surface Functionalization of Graphene-Based Materials: Biological Behavior, Toxicology, and Safe-By-Design Aspects. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 5:e2100637. [PMID: 34288601 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202100637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The increasing exploitation of graphene-based materials (GBMs) is driven by their unique properties and structures, which ignite the imagination of scientists and engineers. At the same time, the very properties that make them so useful for applications lead to growing concerns regarding their potential impacts on human health and the environment. Since GBMs are inert to reaction, various attempts of surface functionalization are made to make them reactive. Herein, surface functionalization of GBMs, including those intentionally designed for specific applications, as well as those unintentionally acquired (e.g., protein corona formation) from the environment and biota, are reviewed through the lenses of nanotoxicity and design of safe materials (safe-by-design). Uptake and toxicity of functionalized GBMs and the underlying mechanisms are discussed and linked with the surface functionalization. Computational tools that can predict the interaction of GBMs behavior with their toxicity are discussed. A concise framing of current knowledge and key features of GBMs to be controlled for safe and sustainable applications are provided for the community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiling Guo
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Swaroop Chakraborty
- Department of Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Fazel Abdolahpur Monikh
- Department of Environmental & Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, Joensuu, FI-80101, Finland
| | - Dimitra-Danai Varsou
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, 15780, Greece
| | - Andrew J Chetwynd
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Antreas Afantitis
- Department of ChemoInformatics, NovaMechanics Ltd., Nicosia, 1046, Cyprus
| | - Iseult Lynch
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhao J, Wang Z, Lan J, Khan I, Ye X, Wan J, Fei Y, Huang S, Li S, Kang J. Recent advances and perspectives in photo-induced enhanced Raman spectroscopy. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:8707-8721. [PMID: 33960340 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01255j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phototreatment is at the leading edge of a research hot topic as a driving force for structural transformation, spectral and electromagnetism improvements, and the functional performance of nanomaterials. Light irradiation can excite surface plasmons in noble metal nanoparticles, create electron-hole pairs, and produce charge transfer in semiconductor substrates, which have led to it being widely used in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for life sciences, environmental protection, and biological analysis. Photo-induced enhanced Raman spectroscopy (PIERS) is a new technology developed on the basis of traditional SERS and has proven to be an efficient way to resolve several critical challenges thanks to its incomparable superiority for incontiguous operation, efficient charge separation and enrichment, and a large signal enhancement for a wide range of biomolecules at the trace level. This makes PIERS a powerful technique with very appealing and promising applications in various branches of analytical science. In this review, the enhancement mechanisms of PIERS are analyzed in comparison with SERS. Afterward, the parameters influencing the enhancement of PIERS, including the substrate, light irradiation, and relaxation are discussed in detail. Finally, some perspectives on further developments of PIERS are exemplified. The PIERS technique will continue to evolve and grow with new developments and its successful application in bioanalysis and life sciences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingtian Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Micro-nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, CI Center for OSED, Department of Physics, Jiujiang Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China. and Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Ziyun Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Micro-nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, CI Center for OSED, Department of Physics, Jiujiang Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China. and Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Jinshen Lan
- Engineering Research Center of Micro-nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, CI Center for OSED, Department of Physics, Jiujiang Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China. and Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Imran Khan
- Engineering Research Center of Micro-nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, CI Center for OSED, Department of Physics, Jiujiang Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China. and Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Xiaofang Ye
- Engineering Research Center of Micro-nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, CI Center for OSED, Department of Physics, Jiujiang Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China. and Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Jing Wan
- Engineering Research Center of Micro-nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, CI Center for OSED, Department of Physics, Jiujiang Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China. and Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Yuchen Fei
- Engineering Research Center of Micro-nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, CI Center for OSED, Department of Physics, Jiujiang Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China. and Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Shengli Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Micro-nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, CI Center for OSED, Department of Physics, Jiujiang Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China. and Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Shuping Li
- Engineering Research Center of Micro-nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, CI Center for OSED, Department of Physics, Jiujiang Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Junyong Kang
- Engineering Research Center of Micro-nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, CI Center for OSED, Department of Physics, Jiujiang Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhou Q, Li D, Wang T, Hu X. Leaching of graphene oxide nanosheets in simulated soil and their influences on microbial communities. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 404:124046. [PMID: 33035906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
With the wide use of graphene-like nanosheets, especially in agriculture, their release into the environment, it is crucial to grasp the fate of nanosheets in soil and minimum ecological risks. The present work discovered that leaching and migration of nanosheets (rGO) in soil is affected by soil porosity and adsorption processes. And the contents of rGO-Pd in soil layers and leachate increased and then decreased with the decreased of soil porosity. Moreover, physicochemical properties of rGO-Pd nanosheets changed by leaching processes, especially the changes of morphology, thickness and oxygen functional groups. Leaching of rGO-Pd also interfered the soil microbial homeostasis accompanied by the increase of microbial species richness and community diversity. In addition, rGO-Pd altered the usage of carbon sources by edaphon. The utilization of carbon sources by soil microbes, such as polymers, sugars, phenolic acids, carboxylic acids, amino acids, and amines, was also reduced by nanosheets. These findings provide new insights into environmental behaviors of nanomaterials and nanogeochemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qixing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Dandan Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiangang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Song C, Zhang KX, Wang XJ, Zhao S, Wang SG. Effects of natural organic matter on the photolysis of tetracycline in aquatic environment: Kinetics and mechanism. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128338. [PMID: 33297264 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The residues of tetracycline in environment have raised increasing concern for the deleterious impact on ecological and human health. Natural organic matter (NOM), ubiquitous in natural waters, is unavoidable to encounter tetracycline, which might affect the fate of tetracycline in aquatic environment. In this study, we investigated the effect of natural organic matter (NOM) on the photolytic fate of tetracycline (TC). The photolysis kinetics of TC were evaluated with two representative NOM, tannic acid (TA) and gallic acid (GA). The presence of TA and GA obviously inhibited the removal of TC under UV irradiation with photolysis rate constant at 0.067 h-1 and 0.071 h-1, respectively, which were 32.3% and 28.3% less than that without TA and GA (0.099 h-1). Furthermore, NOM exhibited different impacts on both indirect photolysis and direct photolysis. NOM promoted the formation of hydroxyl radical, induced the generation of triplet-excited state NOM and thus greatly enhanced the indirect photolysis of TC. However, direct photolysis was almost completely inhibited by NOM via inner filter effect and interacting with TC to form ground-state complex with low photoreactive. Moreover, similar intermediates were detected in the presence and absence of NOM, indicating that NOM exhibited limited influence on the degradation pathways of TC. This study reveals the multiple roles of NOM on tetracycline photolysis, contributing to better understand the photolytic fate of antibiotics in natural waters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Song
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Kai-Xin Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Wang
- Shandong Academy for Environmental Planning, Jinan, Shandong, 250101, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Shu-Guang Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Feng Y, Shen M, Xie Z, Chen P, Zuo LZ, Yao K, Lv W, Liu G. Photochemical transformation of C 3N 4 under UV irradiation: Implications for environmental fate and photocatalytic activity. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 394:122557. [PMID: 32272327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the photo-transformations of bulk C3N4 (CN) and oxidized C3N4 (OCN) under UV-irradiation were examined. Through NO3- release measurements, we found that the photo-transformation rate of OCN is higher than that of CN. Various characterization results revealed the structural and chemical properties changes of CN and OCN after photo-transformation. We proposed that under reactive oxygen species attack, CN and OCN were gradually broken into smaller fragments and finally mineralized into NO3-, CO2, and H2O through the circular reactions of deamination-hydroxylation-decarboxylation. Through the zeta potential measurements and sedimentation experiments, the influence of photo-transformation on the water stabilities of CN and OCN were assessed. The stability of CN in water increased while the water stability of OCN decreased after photo-transformation, implying that the changes to C3N4-based materials caused by photo-transformation may significantly impact their environmental behaviors. Moreover, the photocatalytic activities of the photo-transformed OCN and CN substantially decreased, indicating that the structural changes might be the main reason for their photocatalytic activity loss. These findings highlight the non-negligible influence of photo-transformation on the fate of C3N4 in aquatic environments, as well as on the photochemical stability during its use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Feng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Mengyao Shen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhijie Xie
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lin-Zi Zuo
- Analysis and Test Center, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kun Yao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenying Lv
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guoguang Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen Z, Yu C, Khan IA, Tang Y, Liu S, Yang M. Toxic effects of different-sized graphene oxide particles on zebrafish embryonic development. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 197:110608. [PMID: 32305822 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) has broad application potential in many fields, such as biomedicine and energy. Due to the wide-ranging GO applications, its entry into the environment is inevitable along with the potential for ecological and environmental risks. In the present study, we systematically investigated the dose-dependent effects of three different-sized GO particles (50-200 nm, <500 nm, and >500 nm) on zebrafish during the very early developmental stages (4-124 h post-fertilization). The results showed that GOs could accumulate in the eyes, heart, yolk sac, and blood vessels of fish larvae. Consequently, their effects on multiple toxic endpoints were observed, including delayed hatching times, shortened body lengths, alterations in heart rate and blood flow, changes in swimming activity and responses to photoperiod stimulation, and the enhanced activity of total superoxide dismutase, inducible nitric oxide synthase, acetylcholinesterase, caspase-3, and induction of apoptosis-related gene expression. As a result, the occurrence of oxidative stress and the induction of apoptosis are suggested in fish larvae exposed to all three different-sized GO particles. In addition, our results highlight the impacts of waterborne-GO exposure on zebrafish during early development, which were not merely dependent on GO concentration but also on the associated GO sizes. This study hereby provides a basis for the potential ecological and health risks of GO exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Chen
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 201306, China; Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital East, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Cui Yu
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Imran Ahamed Khan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Shanghai Applied Radiation Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yi Tang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Shanghai Applied Radiation Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Shanghai Applied Radiation Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Ming Yang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Shanghai Applied Radiation Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang T, Wen J, Guo S, Mu L. Hypochlorite and visible-light irradiation affect the transformation and toxicity of graphene oxide. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 723:138010. [PMID: 32213413 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) that has many advanced properties, has been applied in various fields, such as water treatments and removal of contaminations. Hypochlorite is widely used in water treatments. However, the effects of hypochlorite on the transformations and risks of GO, and the toxicological responses remain largely unknown, especially under visible-light irradiation. The present work found that visible-light irradiation promoted the breakdown of sp2 structures of GO by hypochlorite, producing alkanes and arenes with short carbon skeletons. Compared to oxygen-containing radicals, chlorine-related radicals contributed to the breakdown of carbon atomic rings of GO. Compared to pristine GO, the transformed GO inhibited algal reproduction, reduced photosynthesis, and promoted oxidative stress and membrane permeability. Substantial plasmolysis and increased numbers of starch grains were observed in the exposure groups. Metabolomics analysis found that oxidative stress and increased membrane permeability linked to downregulated proline. The downregulated pathways of alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism were associated with the inhibition of algal reproduction. The downregulated pathways related to protein synthesis and the secondary metabolism explained the strong toxicity induced by GO with hypochlorite and visible-light irradiation. The above results provide insight into the safety assessment of GO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jingyu Wen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Safe-product, Key Laboratory for environmental factors control of Agro-product quality safety (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Agro-environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Shuqing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Li Mu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Safe-product, Key Laboratory for environmental factors control of Agro-product quality safety (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Agro-environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gallegos-Pérez WR, Reynosa-Martínez AC, Soto-Ortiz C, Angélica Álvarez-Lemus M, Barroso-Flores J, García Montalvo V, López-Honorato E. Effect of UV radiation on the structure of graphene oxide in water and its impact on cytotoxicity and As(III) adsorption. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 249:126160. [PMID: 32065996 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) is widely used in different applications, however once released into the environment it can change its structure and affect the transport of important contaminants such as arsenic. In this work we show that UV radiation, even in the range of 28-74 μW/cm2 of irradiance up to 120 h of exposure, can induce important changes in the structure of graphene oxide, by eliminating -OH and CO functional groups. This reduction affected the stability of graphene oxide in water by decreasing its zeta potential from -41 to -37 mV at pH=7 with the increase of the exposure time. Our results showed that after 24 and 120 h of UV exposure, As(III) adsorption capacity decreased from 5 mg/g to 4.7 and 3.8 mg/g, respectively, suggesting a lower capacity to transport contaminants with time. Computer modelling showed that even a degraded GO structure can have an interaction energy of 223.84 kJ/mol with H3AsO3. Furthermore, we observed that the cytotoxicity of graphene oxide changed after being irradiated at 74 μW/cm2 for 120 h, showing 20% more cell viability compared to as-produced GO. Our results stress the importance of considering the microstructural and compositional changes that GO undergoes even under low irradiance and short periods, when studying its fate and behavior in the environment and possible applications in water treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waldo Roberto Gallegos-Pérez
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Saltillo, Av. Industria Metalúrgica 1062, Parque Industrial, Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila, 25900, Mexico
| | - Ana Cecilia Reynosa-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Saltillo, Av. Industria Metalúrgica 1062, Parque Industrial, Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila, 25900, Mexico
| | - Claudia Soto-Ortiz
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Saltillo, Av. Industria Metalúrgica 1062, Parque Industrial, Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila, 25900, Mexico
| | | | - Joaquín Barroso-Flores
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco Km 14.5, Unidad San Cayetano, Toluca, Estado de México, 50200, Mexico; Instituto de Química. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, CD, MX, 04510, Mexico
| | - Verónica García Montalvo
- Instituto de Química. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, CD, MX, 04510, Mexico
| | - Eddie López-Honorato
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Saltillo, Av. Industria Metalúrgica 1062, Parque Industrial, Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila, 25900, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ouyang S, Zhou Q, Zeng H, Wang Y, Hu X. Natural Nanocolloids Mediate the Phytotoxicity of Graphene Oxide. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:4865-4875. [PMID: 32182041 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanocolloids (Ncs) are ubiquitous in natural surface waters. However, the effects of Ncs on the fate and ecotoxicity of graphene oxide (GO, a popular engineered nanomaterial (ENM)) remain largely unknown. Ncs exhibit strong adsorption affinity (KL = 1.93 L/mg) and high adsorption capacity (176.2 mg/g) for GO. After Ncs hybridization, GO nanosheets became scrolls, and the aggregation rate of GO decreased. The influence of humic acid and Ncs on GO toxicity was compared. Humic acid mitigated the phytotoxicity of GO. However, GO and GO-Ncs were found to have an envelopment effect on algal cells, and both could enter algal cells. GO-Ncs induced higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, stronger DNA damage and plasmolysis, and more obvious inhibition of photosynthesis compared to GO. Proteomic analysis revealed that photosystem I- and II-related proteins (e.g., E1ZQR2 and E1ZPG5) were regulated more significantly in the GO-Ncs groups than in the GO groups. A combined proteomic and metabolomic analysis showed that inhibition of carbohydrate, fatty acid, and amino acid metabolism contributed to ROS generation. Given the high concentrations and activity of Ncs, the above results highlight the need for reconsideration of the Ncs-mediated environmental behaviors and risks of ENMs and other pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaohu Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qixing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiangang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hsieh HS, Zepp RG. Reactivity of graphene oxide with reactive oxygen species (hydroxyl radical, singlet oxygen, and superoxide anion). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. NANO 2019; 6:3734-3744. [PMID: 32218919 PMCID: PMC7098813 DOI: 10.1039/c9en00693a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Increases in the production and applications of graphene oxide (GO), coupled with reports of its toxic effects, are raising concerns about its health and ecological risks. To better understand GO's fate and transport in aquatic environments, we investigated its reactivity with three major reactive oxygen species (ROS): HO˙, 1O2, and O2˙-. Second-order degradation rate constants were calculated on the loss of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and steady-state concentration of individual ROS species. Absolute second-order rate constants were determined by competition kinetics to be 6.24 × 104, 8.65 × 102, and 0.108 mg-C-1 L s-1 for HO˙, 1O2, and O2˙-, respectively. Photoreduced GO products had a similar reactivity to HO˙ as GO, with rate constants comparable to polycyclic aromatic compounds, but about two times higher than dissolved organic matter on a per carbon basis. Reaction with HO˙ resulted in decomposition of GO, with loss of color and formation of photoluminescent products. In contrast, reaction with 1O2 showed no effect on DOC, UV-vis spectra or particle size, while reaction with O2˙- slightly reduced GO. These results demonstrate that interactions with ROS will affect GO's persistence in water and should be considered in exposure assessment or environmental application of GO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Se Hsieh
- National Research Council Associate, National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA
| | - Richard G Zepp
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Exposure Methods & Measurement Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li X, Peng T, Mu L, Hu X. Phytotoxicity induced by engineered nanomaterials as explored by metabolomics: Perspectives and challenges. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 184:109602. [PMID: 31493589 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Given the wide applications of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in various fields, the ecotoxicology of ENMs has attracted much attention. The traditional plant physiological activity (e.g., reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzymes) are limited in that they probe one specific process of nanotoxicity, which may result in the loss of understanding of other important biological reactions. Metabolites, which are downstream of gene and protein expression, are directly related to biological phenomena. Metabolomics is an easily performed and efficient tool for solving the aforementioned problems because it involves the comprehensive exploration of metabolic profiles. To understand the roles of metabolomics in phytotoxicity, the analytical methods for metabolomics should be organized and discussed. Moreover, the dominant metabolites and metabolic pathways are similar in different plants, which determines the universal applicability of metabolomics analysis. The analysis of regulated metabolism will globally and scientifically help determine the ecotoxicology that is induced by ENMs. In the past several years, great developments in nanotoxicology have been achieved using metabolomics. However, many knowledge gaps remain, such as the relationships between biological responses that are induced by ENMs and the regulation of metabolism (e.g., carbohydrate, energy, amino acid, lipid and secondary metabolism). The phytotoxicity that is induced by ENMs has been explored by metabolomics, which is still in its infancy. The detrimental and defence mechanisms of plants in their response to ENMs at the level of metabolomics also deserve much attention. In addition, owing to the regulation of metabolism in plants by ENMs affected by multiple factors, it is meaningful to uniformly identify the key influencing factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Ting Peng
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Li Mu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Safe-product, Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Agro-environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China.
| | - Xiangang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ouyang S, Li K, Zhou Q, Hu X. Widely distributed nanocolloids in water regulate the fate and risk of graphene oxide. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 165:114987. [PMID: 31450222 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.114987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The environmental behaviors and risks associated with graphene oxide (GO, a popular 2D nanomaterial) have attracted considerable attention. GO released to aquatic systems will most likely interact with ubiquitous nanocolloids (Nc) in surface water. However, the effects of Nc on the fate and risk of GO remain largely unknown in water. Herein, the binding of Nc onto GO was investigated via electron microscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance, 2D correlation spectroscopy and biolayer interferometry. The results revealed that electron charge transfers, hydrophilic effects and π-π stacking contributed to a strong affinity (KD = 5.6 nM) and high adsorption capacity (159.8 mg/g) of Nc onto the GO surface. Moreover, GO nanosheets transformed to a scroll morphology or multiple GO particles bridging by Nc, which remarkably reduced the aggregation and sedimentation rates after binding with Nc. Interestingly, co-exposure with Nc greatly alleviated the toxicity (e.g., tail malformation, yolk sac edema and oxidative stress) of GO to zebrafish embryos. Morphological and structural alterations of GO after binding to Nc contributed to the mechanisms for the antagonistic effects on the zebrafish embryos toxicity. The present work provides insights into the environmental fate and risk of GO by ubiquitous Nc in natural water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaohu Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Kaiwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Qixing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Xiangang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gao Y, Ren X, Zhang X, Chen C. Environmental fate and risk of ultraviolet- and visible-light-transformed graphene oxide: A comparative study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 251:821-829. [PMID: 31125812 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there is little comparative data on the colloidal stability and the toxicity of ultraviolet (UV)- and visible-light (VL)-transformed graphene oxide (GO). In order to identify this knowledge gap, the physicochemical properties of UV/VL-transformed GO are investigated in detail. Attempts are made to correlate the physicochemical alterations of UV/VL-transformed GO to the observed changes in its colloidal properties and toxicity. The results show that both UV and VL irradiations induce the significant change in the color, UV-vis absorbance, morphology, surface charge, size, oxygen containing functional groups, total of carbon, and photoluminescence properties of GO. The photo-reaction behavior of GO under UV exposure is different from that under VL irradiation in terms of reaction rate, order, and extent. Finally, the UV and VL irradiations show different effects not only on the colloidal stability of GO in the City water and Dongpu Lake water, but also on the toxicity of GO to Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. This study clearly shows how the environmental fate and risk of GO are modified by UV and VL irradiations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, 230031, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230000, PR China
| | - Xuemei Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, 230031, PR China.
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, 230031, PR China
| | - Changlun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, 230031, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China; NAAM Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zou W, Zhou Q, Zhang X, Hu X. Dissolved Oxygen and Visible Light Irradiation Drive the Structural Alterations and Phytotoxicity Mitigation of Single-Layer Molybdenum Disulfide. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:7759-7769. [PMID: 31198033 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding environmental fate is a prerequisite for the safe application of nanoparticles. However, the fundamental persistence and environmental transformation of single-layer molybdenum disulfide (SLMoS2, a 2D nanosheet attracting substantial attention in various fields) remain largely unknown. The present work found that the dissolution of SLMoS2 was pH and dissolved oxygen dependent and that alterations in phase composition significantly occur under visible light irradiation. The 1T phase was preferentially oxidized to yield soluble species (MoO42- and SO42-), and the 2H phase remained as a residual. The transformed SLMoS2 exhibited a ribbon-like and multilayered structure and low colloidal stability due to the loss of surface charge. Dissolved oxygen competitively captured the electrons of SLMoS2 to generate superoxide radicals and accelerated the dissolution of nanosheets. Compared to pristine 1T-phase SLMoS2, the transformed 2H-phase SLMoS2 could not easily enter algal cells and induced a low developmental inhibition, oxidative stress, plasmolysis, photosynthetic toxicity and metabolic perturbation. The downregulation of amino acids and upregulation of unsaturated fatty acids contributed to the higher toxicity of 1T-phase SLMoS2. The dissolved ions did not induce apparent phytotoxicity. The connections between environmental transformation (phase change and ion release) and phytotoxicity provide insights into the safe design and evaluation of 2D nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zou
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control , Henan Normal University , Xinxiang 453007 , P. R. China
| | - Qixing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin 300350 , P. R. China
| | - Xingli Zhang
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control , Henan Normal University , Xinxiang 453007 , P. R. China
| | - Xiangang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin 300350 , P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Li D, Hu X, Zhang S. Biodegradation of graphene-based nanomaterials in blood plasma affects their biocompatibility, drug delivery, targeted organs and antitumor ability. Biomaterials 2019; 202:12-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
29
|
Kong L, Peng X, Hu X, Chen J, Xia Z. UV-Light-Induced Aggregation of Arsenic and Metal Sulfide Particles in Acidic Wastewater: The Role of Free Radicals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:10719-10727. [PMID: 30133269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The removal of arsenic and metals by sulfide (S(-II)) from acidic wastewater is an efficient method. However, the small sulfide particles formed in such a process make solid-liquid separation difficult, which greatly hinders its application. This study investigated the aggregation behavior of different sulfide particles (As2S3, CuS and CdS) under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. In the dark, the aggregation rate of the arsenic sulfide (As2S3) particles was extremely slow. However, under UV irradiation, the growth of the As2S3 particles was significantly enhanced. A possible mechanism of UV-light-induced aggregation of As2S3 particles was proposed. The HS· and ·OH radicals formed by a series of photochemical reactions can efficiently attack the S(-II) in the As2S3 particle, leading to the formation of an intermediate species, [As2S2-S·]+. Then, two [As2S2-S·]+ species combine to form [As2S2-S-S-S2As2]2+. The formation of [As2S2-S-S-S2As2]2+ results in the attenuation of the electronegativity and the rapid aggregation of the sulfide particles. In addition, the small S0 particles generated in irradiated As2S3 system can efficiently coalesce into As2S3 particles. The CuS and CdS particles should have similar aggregation mechanisms. This study proposed a potential method for sulfide particle aggregation and provided a theoretical foundation for the development and application of UV-light-induced sulfide particle aggregation technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linghao Kong
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
| | - Xianjia Peng
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Xingyun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
| | - Jingyi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Zhilin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Liu Y, Han W, Xu Z, Fan W, Peng W, Luo S. Comparative toxicity of pristine graphene oxide and its carboxyl, imidazole or polyethylene glycol functionalized products to Daphnia magna: A two generation study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 237:218-227. [PMID: 29486455 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the chronic toxicity of graphene oxide (GO) and its functionalized products (GO-carboxyl, GO-imidazole and GO-polyethylene glycol), a two-generation study was conducted using the aquatic model species Daphnia magna. Each generation of daphnids were exposed for 21 days to 1.0 mg L-1 graphene material, with body length, neonate number, time of first brood and the intrinsic rate of natural increase (r) assessed as endpoints. Chronic exposure to GO, GO-carboxyl, and GO-imidazole had no adverse effect on body length or offspring number in the daphnid F0 generation, however, this exposure paradigm led to significant growth or reproduction inhibition in the following generation. Meanwhile, GO was found to show the strongest inhibitory effect, sequentially followed by GO-carboxyl and GO-imidazole. With exposure to GO-polyethylene glycol, no significant effects on growth or reproduction were observed for both F0 and F1 generation daphnids. These results reveal that carboxyl, imidazole and polyethylene glycol functional attachments alleviate the bio-toxicity of GO, especially polyethylene glycol. The increased C/O atomic ratio present in GO-carboxyl, GO-imidazole and GO-polyethylene glycol due to functionalization may mainly explain the reduced toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Liu
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, No. 37, XueYuan Road, HaiDian District, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Wenli Han
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, No. 37, XueYuan Road, HaiDian District, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Zhizhen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Occupational Safety and Health, Beijing Municipal Institute of Labor Protection, Beijing 100054, PR China
| | - Wenhong Fan
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, No. 37, XueYuan Road, HaiDian District, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| | - Weihua Peng
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, No. 37, XueYuan Road, HaiDian District, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Shenglian Luo
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, No. 37, XueYuan Road, HaiDian District, Beijing 100191, PR China; School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, No. 696, FengHe Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330063, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Markovic M, Kumar A, Andjelkovic I, Lath S, Kirby JK, Losic D, Batley GE, McLaughlin MJ. Ecotoxicology of manufactured graphene oxide nanomaterials and derivation of preliminary guideline values for freshwater environments. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:1340-1348. [PMID: 29314166 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The unique physical and chemical properties of graphene-based nanomaterials (GNMs) have inspired a diverse range of scientific and industrial applications. The market value of GNMs is predicted to reach $US 1.3 billion by 2023. Common to many nanomaterials, an important and unresolved question is the environmental consequences of the increases in GNMs use. The current deficiencies in studies reporting ecotoxicology data for GNMs include differences in analytical methodologies for quantification, no standardized test guidelines, differences in morphology of GNMs, the lack of Chemical Abstract Service numbers, and the quality of the reported data. The assessment of potential adverse effects on aquatic organisms typically relies on guideline values based on species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) of toxicity data. We present preliminary water quality guideline values for graphene oxide NMs in freshwaters. Data include 10 species from 7 phyla (bacteria and fungi were not included). The most sensitive organism was found to be the freshwater shrimp Palaemon pandaliformis. The derived guideline values for 99, 95, 90, and 80% species protection were 350, 600, 830, and 1300 μg/L, respectively. These results will contribute to the regulatory derivations of future water quality guideline values for graphene-based NMs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1340-1348. © 2018 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marijana Markovic
- Soil Science, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
- CSIRO Land and Water, Urrbrae, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anupama Kumar
- CSIRO Land and Water, Urrbrae, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ivan Andjelkovic
- Soil Science, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Supriya Lath
- Soil Science, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jason K Kirby
- CSIRO Land and Water, Urrbrae, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dusan Losic
- School of Chemical Engineering, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Graeme E Batley
- CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael J McLaughlin
- Soil Science, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
- CSIRO Land and Water, Urrbrae, South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Goodwin DG, Adeleye AS, Sung L, Ho KT, Burgess RM, Petersen EJ. Detection and Quantification of Graphene-Family Nanomaterials in the Environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:4491-4513. [PMID: 29505723 PMCID: PMC5940015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
An increase in production of commercial products containing graphene-family nanomaterials (GFNs) has led to concern over their release into the environment. The fate and potential ecotoxicological effects of GFNs in the environment are currently unclear, partially due to the limited analytical methods for GFN measurements. In this review, the unique properties of GFNs that are useful for their detection and quantification are discussed. The capacity of several classes of techniques to identify and/or quantify GFNs in different environmental matrices (water, soil, sediment, and organisms), after environmental transformations, and after release from a polymer matrix of a product is evaluated. Extraction and strategies to combine methods for more accurate discrimination of GFNs from environmental interferences as well as from other carbonaceous nanomaterials are recommended. Overall, a comprehensive review of the techniques available to detect and quantify GFNs are systematically presented to inform the state of the science, guide researchers in their selection of the best technique for the system under investigation, and enable further development of GFN metrology in environmental matrices. Two case studies are described to provide practical examples of choosing which techniques to utilize for detection or quantification of GFNs in specific scenarios. Because the available quantitative techniques are somewhat limited, more research is required to distinguish GFNs from other carbonaceous materials and improve the accuracy and detection limits of GFNs at more environmentally relevant concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David G. Goodwin
- Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD 20899
| | - Adeyemi S. Adeleye
- National Research Council Research Associate, US Environmental Protection Agency, Atlantic Ecology Division, 27 Tarzwell Dr., Narragansett, RI 02882
| | - Lipiin Sung
- Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD 20899
| | - Kay T. Ho
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Atlantic Ecology Division, 27 Tarzwell Dr., Narragansett, RI 02882
| | - Robert M. Burgess
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Atlantic Ecology Division, 27 Tarzwell Dr., Narragansett, RI 02882
| | - Elijah J. Petersen
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD 20899
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Peng X, Chen J, Kong L, Hu X. Removal of Arsenic from Strongly Acidic Wastewater Using Phosphorus Pentasulfide As Precipitant: UV-Light Promoted Sulfuration Reaction and Particle Aggregation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:4794-4801. [PMID: 29578691 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Strongly acidic wastewater (H2SO4) with a high arsenic concentration is produced by many industries. The removal of arsenic by traditional sulfide (e.g., Na2S, FeS) from strongly acidic wastewater introduces cations (Na+ and Fe2+) to the solution, which may prevent the recycle of acid. In this study, a new sulfuration agent, phosphorus pentasulfide (P2S5) was employed, and its feasibility in arsenic removal from strongly acidic wastewater was investigated. In the dark, As(III) was efficiently removed, but the removal rate of As(V) was rather slow, which was the crucial defect for this method. We found that this defect can be efficiently overcome by UV irradiation through accelerating the formation and transformation of an intermediate species, monothioarsenate (H3AsO3S) in the As(V) removal process. In addition, the hydrolysis of P2S5 was enhanced under UV irradiation, which resulted in the increase of the arsenic removal efficiencies. Besides, the aggregation of the formed particles was also promoted. Different from FeS and Na2S, P2S5 introduces H3PO4 instead of cations to the solution, which can facilitate the recycle and reuse of arsenic and acid in strongly acidic wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianjia Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Wastewater Treatment, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Jingyi Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Wastewater Treatment, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Linghao Kong
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Wastewater Treatment, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
| | - Xingyun Hu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Wastewater Treatment, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lyu H, Zhao H, Tang J, Gong Y, Huang Y, Wu Q, Gao B. Immobilization of hexavalent chromium in contaminated soils using biochar supported nanoscale iron sulfide composite. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 194:360-369. [PMID: 29223115 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite (CMC-FeS@biochar) was prepared and tested for immobilization of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) in soil. Results of UV-vis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the backbone of biochar suppressed the aggregation of FeS, resulting in smaller particle size and more sorption sites than bare FeS. The composite at a dosage of 2.5 mg per gram soil displayed an enhanced Cr(VI) immobilization efficiency (a 94.7% reduction in the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) based leachability and a 95.6% reduction in the CaCl2 extraction) compared to plain biochar and bare FeS. Sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis suggested that CMC-FeS@biochar promoted the conversion of more accessible Cr (exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions) into the less accessible forms (iron-manganese oxides-bound, organic material-bound, and residual fractions) to reduce the toxicity of Cr(VI) and that surface sorption and reduction were dominant mechanisms for Cr(VI) immobilization. CMC-FeS@biochar greatly reduced the bioavailability of Cr(VI) to wheat and earthworms (Eisenia fetida). Moreover, the application of CMC-FeS@biochar enhanced soil organic matter content and microbial activity. This work highlighted the potential of CMC-FeS@biochar composite as a low-cost, "green", and effective amendment for immobilizing Cr(VI) in contaminated soils and improving soil properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Hang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jingchun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Yanyan Gong
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Yao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qihang Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Quality Safety and Protection in Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
He X, Fu P, Aker WG, Hwang HM. Toxicity of engineered nanomaterials mediated by nano-bio-eco interactions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2018; 36:21-42. [PMID: 29297743 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2017.1418793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials may adversely impact human health and environmental safety by nano-bio-eco interactions not fully understood. Their interaction with biotic and abiotic environments are varied and complicated, ranging from individual species to entire ecosystems. Their behavior, transport, fate, and toxicological profiles in these interactions, addressed in a pioneering study, are subsequently seldom reported. Biological, chemical, and physical dimension properties, the so-called multidimensional characterization, determine interactions. Intermediate species generated in the dynamic process of nanomaterial transformation increase the complexity of assessing nanotoxicity. We review recent progress in understanding these interactions, discuss the challenges of the study, and suggest future research directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojia He
- a Department of Marine Sciences , The University of Georgia , Athens , GA , USA
| | - Peter Fu
- b National Center for Toxicological Research , U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Jefferson , AR , USA
| | - Winfred G Aker
- c Department of Biology , Jackson State University , Jackson , MS , USA
| | - Huey-Min Hwang
- c Department of Biology , Jackson State University , Jackson , MS , USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Luo T, Chen J, Song B, Ma H, Fu Z, Peijnenburg WJGM. Time-gated luminescence imaging of singlet oxygen photoinduced by fluoroquinolones and functionalized graphenes in Daphnia magna. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 191:105-112. [PMID: 28810137 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen (1O2) can be photogenerated by photoactive xenobiotics and is capable of causing adverse effects due to its electrophilicity and its high reactivity with biological molecules. Detection of the production and distribution of 1O2 in living organisms is therefore of great importance. In this study, a luminescent probe ATTA-Eu3+ combined with time-gated luminescence imaging was adopted to detect the distribution and temporal variation of 1O2 photoinduced by fluoroquinolone antibiotics and carboxylated/aminated graphenes in Daphnia magna. Results show that the xenobiotics generate 1O2 in living daphnids under simulated sunlight irradiation (SSR). The photogeneration of 1O2 by carboxylated/aminated graphenes was also confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The strongest luminescence signals of 1O2 were observed in the hindgut of daphnids, and the signals in different areas of the daphnids (gut, thoracic legs and post-abdominal claw) displayed a similar trend of enhancement over irradiation time. Mean 1O2 concentrations at different regions of daphnids within one hour of SSR irradiation were estimated to be in the range of 0.5∼4.8μM. This study presented an efficient method for visualizing and quantifying the temporal and spatial distribution of 1O2 photogenerated by xenobiotics in living organisms, which can be employed for phototoxicity evaluation of xenobiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianlie Luo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Bo Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Hua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhiqiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Willie J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Center for the Safety of Substances and Products, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Chong Y, Ge C, Fang G, Wu R, Zhang H, Chai Z, Chen C, Yin JJ. Light-Enhanced Antibacterial Activity of Graphene Oxide, Mainly via Accelerated Electron Transfer. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:10154-10161. [PMID: 28771330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Before graphene derivatives can be exploited as next-generation antimicrobials, we must understand their behavior under environmental conditions. Here, we demonstrate how exposure to simulated sunlight significantly enhances the antibacterial activity of graphene oxide (GO) and reveal the underlying mechanism. Our measurements of reactive oxygen species (ROS) showed that only singlet oxygen (1O2) is generated by GO exposed to simulated sunlight, which contributes only slightly to the oxidation of antioxidant biomolecules. Unexpectedly, we find the main cause of oxidation is light-induced electron-hole pairs generated on the surface of GO. These light-induced electrons promote the reduction of GO, introducing additional carbon-centered free radicals that may also enhance the antibacterial activities of GO. We conclude that GO-mediated oxidative stress mainly is ROS-independent; simulated sunlight accelerates the transfer of electrons from antioxidant biomolecules to GO, thereby destroying bacterial antioxidant systems and causing the reduction of GO. Our insights will help support the development of graphene for antibacterial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chong
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry and Division of Analytical Chemistry, Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Cuicui Ge
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry and Division of Analytical Chemistry, Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Ge Fang
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Renfei Wu
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - He Zhang
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhifang Chai
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chunying Chen
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jun-Jie Yin
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry and Division of Analytical Chemistry, Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gao Y, Ren X, Tan X, Hayat T, Alsaedi A, Chen C. Insights into key factors controlling GO stability in natural surface waters. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 335:56-65. [PMID: 28432970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effects of pH, cations (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+ and Al3+), and anions (Cl-, HCO3-, HPO42- and SO42-) on graphene oxide (GO) stability were investigated to address the current limitations in the knowledge regarding the stability of GO in natural surface water and its underlying mechanism. The threshold values of cations that destabilize GO were obtained and affected by both pH and anions. By employing elemental mapping and studying the effects of polyacrylic acid (PAA) on GO sedimentation and the re-dispersion of GO aggregates, we find that the GO aggregates induced by Na+ and K+ via electric double layer suppression and by Ca2+ and Al3+ via strong complxing are difficult to re-disperse completely. Specifically, more PAA is needed to re-disperse GO aggregates than to stabilize GO, which suggests that after GO binds with heavy metal ions. It is less likely to be transported over a long distance even in natural water that are rich in natural organic matter. Finally, we find that the key factor controlling GO sedimentation in natural surface waters is its binding with Mg2+ and Ca2+. This study is expected to provide critical knowledge to more accurately predict the fate of GO in natural surface aquatic environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei 230031, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Xuemei Ren
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei 230031, PR China.
| | - Xiaoli Tan
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei 230031, PR China
| | - Tasawar Hayat
- NAAM Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Mathematics, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Alsaedi
- NAAM Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Changlun Chen
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei 230031, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China; NAAM Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Su Y, Gao B, Mao L. Concurrent agglomeration and straining govern the transport of 14C-labeled few-layer graphene in saturated porous media. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 115:84-93. [PMID: 28259817 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Deposition of graphene on environmental surfaces will dictate its transport and risks. In this work, the deposition, mobilization, and transport of 14C-labeled few-layer graphene (FLG) in saturated quartz sand were systematically examined. Increasing solution ionic strength (IS) (1-100 mmol/L NaCl) resulted in greater retention of FLG (33-89%) in the sand and more hyper-exponential distribution of FLG along the sand column. Only a small fraction (≤7.4%) of the retained FLG was remobilized due to perturbation of IS by deionized water. These results indicate that trapping in pore spaces (i.e., physical straining) plays a dominant role in FLG deposition rather than attachment onto the surfaces of the sand. When IS, FLG input concentration, and flow velocity favor particle-particle interaction over particle-collector interaction, concurrent agglomeration within the pores promotes straining. In addition, electrostatic and steric repulsion that derived from the adsorbed organic macromolecules on FLG effectively reduced agglomeration and thereby enhanced transport and release of FLG. Moreover, the recovery of FLG (that deposited at 100 mmol/L NaCl) in the effluent reached 33% after speeding up the deionized water flushing rate. These findings highlight the need for FLG management in view of variations in transport behavior when assessing water quality and associated risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Su
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Liang Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lu K, Dong S, Petersen EJ, Niu J, Chang X, Wang P, Lin S, Gao S, Mao L. Biological Uptake, Distribution, and Depuration of Radio-Labeled Graphene in Adult Zebrafish: Effects of Graphene Size and Natural Organic Matter. ACS NANO 2017; 11:2872-2885. [PMID: 28240869 PMCID: PMC5552169 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b07982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The exciting commercial application potential of graphene materials may inevitably lead to their increasing release into the environment where they may pose ecological risks. This study focused on using carbon-14-labeled few-layer graphene (FLG) to determine whether the size of graphene plays a role in its uptake, depuration, and biodistribution in adult zebrafish. After 48 h exposure to larger FLG (L-FLG) at 250 μg/L, the amount of graphene in the organism was close to 48 mg/kg fish dry mass, which was more than 170-fold greater than the body burden of those exposed to the same concentration of smaller FLG (S-FLG). The amount of uptake for both L-FLG and S-FLG increased by a factor of 2.5 and 16, respectively, when natural organic matter (NOM) was added in the exposure suspension. While the L-FLG mainly accumulated in the gut of adult zebrafish, the S-FLG was found in both the gut and liver after exposure with or without NOM. Strikingly, the S-FLG was able to pass through the intestinal wall and enter the intestinal epithelial cells and blood. The presence of NOM increased the quantity of S-FLG in these cells. Exposure to L-FLG or S-FLG also had a significantly different impact on the intestinal microbial community structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shipeng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Elijah J. Petersen
- Material Measurement Laboratory, Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8311, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-0001, United States
| | - Junfeng Niu
- Beijing Normal University, School of Environment, State Key Lab Water Environmental Simulation, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Peng Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Sijie Lin
- College Environmental Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shixiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Liang Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Corresponding Author:
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Su Y, Yang G, Lu K, Petersen EJ, Mao L. Colloidal properties and stability of aqueous suspensions of few-layer graphene: Importance of graphene concentration. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 220:469-477. [PMID: 27720543 PMCID: PMC5517043 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the colloidal stability of graphene is essential for predicting its transport and ecological risks in aquatic environments. We investigated the agglomeration of 14C-labeled few-layer graphene (FLG) at concentrations spanning nearly four orders of magnitude (2 μg/L to 10 mg/L) using dynamic light scattering and sedimentation measurements. FLG agglomerates formed rapidly in deionized water at concentrations >3 mg/L. From 1 mg/L to 3 mg/L, salt-induced agglomeration was decreased with dilution of FLG suspensions; the critical coagulation concentration of the more concentrated suspension (3 mg/L) was significantly lower than the dilute suspension (1 mg/L) in the presence of NaCl (1.6 mmol/L and 10 mmol/L, respectively). In contrast, FLG underwent slow agglomeration and settling at concentrations ≤0.1 mg/L in NaCl solutions and ambient waters with low ionic strength (<10 mmol/L). FLG nanoparticles with smaller lateral sizes (25 nm-75 nm) were shown to agglomerate more slowly than larger FLG, and these small FLG particles exhibited greater bioaccumulation in zebrafish embryo and stronger chorion penetration ability than larger FLG particles. These findings suggest that FLG at more environmentally relevant concentration is relatively stable and may have implications for exposure of small FLG to ecological receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Su
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Guoqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Kun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Elijah J Petersen
- Material Measurement Laboratory, Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8311, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-0001, USA
| | - Liang Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Hatami M, Kariman K, Ghorbanpour M. Engineered nanomaterial-mediated changes in the metabolism of terrestrial plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 571:275-291. [PMID: 27485129 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) possess remarkable physicochemical characteristics suitable for different applications in medicine, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, energy, cosmetics and electronics. Because of their ultrafine size and high surface reactivity, ENMs can enter plant cells and interact with intracellular structures and metabolic pathways which may produce toxicity or promote plant growth and development by diverse mechanisms. Depending on their type and concentration, ENMs can have positive or negative effects on photosynthesis, photochemical fluorescence and quantum yield as well as photosynthetic pigments status of the plants. Some studies have shown that ENMs can improve photosynthetic efficiency via increasing chlorophyll content and light absorption and also broadening the spectrum of captured light, suggesting that photosynthesis can be nano-engineered for harnessing more solar energy. Both up- and down-regulation of primary metabolites such as proteins and carbohydrates have been observed following exposure of plants to various ENMs. The potential capacity of ENMs for changing the rate of primary metabolites lies in their close relationship with activation and biosynthesis of the key enzymes. Several classes of secondary metabolites such as phenolics, flavonoids, and alkaloids have been shown to be induced (mostly accompanied by stress-related factors) in plants exposed to different ENMs, highlighting their great potential as elicitors to enhance both quantity and quality of biologically active secondary metabolites. Considering reports on both positive and negative effects of ENMs on plant metabolism, in-depth studies are warranted to figure out the most appropriate ENMs (type, size and optimal concentration) in order to achieve the desirable effect on specific metabolites in a given plant species. In this review, we summarize the studies performed on the impacts of ENMs on biosynthesis of plant primary and secondary metabolites and mention the research gaps that currently exist in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Hatami
- Department of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, 38156-8-8349 Arak, Iran.
| | - Khalil Kariman
- School of Earth and Environment M004, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Mansour Ghorbanpour
- Department of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, 38156-8-8349 Arak, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Mao L, Liu C, Lu K, Su Y, Gu C, Huang Q, Petersen EJ. Exposure of few layer graphene to Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri modifies the graphene and changes its bioaccumulation by other organisms. CARBON 2016; 109:566-574. [PMID: 28694548 PMCID: PMC5500867 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2016.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
While graphene has substantial commercial promise, numerous aspects regarding its ecological effects such as its potential for bioaccumulation are not well known. 14C-labeled few layer graphene (FLG) was dispersed in artificial freshwater and uptake of FLG by Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, an oligochaete, was assessed. After exposure for 36 h to a 1 mg/L FLG suspension, the FLG body burden in the organism was nearly 60 ng/mg (on a dry mass basis). Multiple characterization results confirmed that the proteins secreted by the organisms during the exposure period coated the FLG, thus increasing its stability and decreasing its size in suspension. Uptake behaviors of Eisenia foetida exposed to FLG and protein-coated FLG at concentrations of approximately 1 mg/kg or to Daphnia magna at 100 μg/L were also quantified. Protein-coated FLG demonstrated different bioaccumulation behaviors for both organisms compared to uncoated FLG, with the FLG body burden in E. foetida increased but that in D. magna reduced. The data provide the first evidence that the proteins secreted by Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri after exposure to FLG can coat FLG, thus increasing the aqueous stability of FLG, decreasing its size, and changing its bioaccumulation potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
- Corresponding Author. or . Tel.: +86-25-89680393; Fax: +86-25-89680393
| | - Chuanling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Kun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Yu Su
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
- Corresponding Author. or . Tel.: +86-25-89680393; Fax: +86-25-89680393
| | - Qingguo Huang
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, Georgia 30223, United States
| | - Elijah J. Petersen
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8311, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-0001, United States
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Cai A, Wang X, Guo A, Chang Y. Mussel-inspired green synthesis of polydopamine-Ag-AgCl composites with efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 162:486-492. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
45
|
Hu X, Li D, Gao Y, Mu L, Zhou Q. Knowledge gaps between nanotoxicological research and nanomaterial safety. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 94:8-23. [PMID: 27203780 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
With the wide research and application of nanomaterials in various fields, the safety of nanomaterials attracts much attention. An increasing number of reports in the literature have shown the adverse effects of nanomaterials, representing the quick development of nanotoxicology. However, many studies in nanotoxicology have not reflected the real nanomaterial safety, and the knowledge gaps between nanotoxicological research and nanomaterial safety remain large. Considering the remarkable influence of biological or environmental matrices (e.g., biological corona) on nanotoxicity, the situation of performing nanotoxicological experiments should be relevant to the environment and humans. Given the possibility of long-term and low-concentration exposure of nanomaterials, the reversibility of and adaptation to nanotoxicity, and the transgenerational effects should not be ignored. Different from common pollutants, the specific analysis methodology for nanotoxicology need development and exploration furthermore. High-throughput assay integrating with omics was highlighted in the present review to globally investigate nanotoxicity. In addition, the biological responses beyond individual levels, special mechanisms and control of nanotoxicity deserve more attention. The progress of nanotoxicology has been reviewed by previous articles. This review focuses on the blind spots in nanotoxicological research and provides insight into what we should do in future work to support the healthy development of nanotechnology and the evaluation of real nanomaterial safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Dandan Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Li Mu
- Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Qixing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
|
47
|
Zou Y, Wang X, Ai Y, Liu Y, Li J, Ji Y, Wang X. Coagulation Behavior of Graphene Oxide on Nanocrystallined Mg/Al Layered Double Hydroxides: Batch Experimental and Theoretical Calculation Study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:3658-3667. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Zou
- School
of Environment and Chemical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
- School
of Chemistry, Biological and Materials Sciences, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, P. R. China
| | - Xiangxue Wang
- School
of Environment and Chemical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Novel Thin Film Solar Cells, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, 230031, P.R. China
| | - Yuejie Ai
- School
of Environment and Chemical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Yunhai Liu
- School
of Chemistry, Biological and Materials Sciences, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxing Li
- Key
Laboratory of Novel Thin Film Solar Cells, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, 230031, P.R. China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education
Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yongfei Ji
- Theoretical
Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, Roslagstullsbacken 15, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiangke Wang
- School
of Environment and Chemical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
- NAAM
Research
Group, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zou Y, Wang X, Ai Y, Liu Y, Li J, Ji Y, Wang X. Coagulation Behavior of Graphene Oxide on Nanocrystallined Mg/Al Layered Double Hydroxides: Batch Experimental and Theoretical Calculation Study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:3658-3667. [PMID: 26978487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) has attracted considerable attention because of its remarkable enhanced adsorption and multifunctional properties. However, the toxic properties of GO nanosheets released into the environment could lead to the instability of biological system. In aqueous phase, GO may interact with fine mineral particles, such as chloridion intercalated nanocrystallined Mg/Al layered double hydroxides (LDH-Cl) and nanocrystallined Mg/Al LDHs (LDH-CO3), which are considered as coagulant molecules for the coagulation and removal of GO from aqueous solutions. Herein the coagulation of GO on LDHs were studied as a function of solution pH, ionic strength, contact time, temperature and coagulant concentration. The presence of LDH-Cl and LDH-CO3 improved the coagulation of GO in solution efficiently, which was mainly attributed to the surface oxygen-containing functional groups of LDH-Cl and LDH-CO3 occupying the binding sites of GO. The coagulation of GO by LDH-Cl and LDH-CO3 was strongly dependent on pH and ionic strength. Results of theoretical DFT calculations indicated that the coagulation of GO on LDHs was energetically favored by electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds, which was further evidenced by FTIR and XPS analysis. By integrating the experimental results, it was clear that LDH-Cl could be potentially used as a cost-effective coagulant for the elimination of GO from aqueous solutions, which could efficiently decrease the potential toxicity of GO in the natural environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Zou
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, North China Electric Power University , Beijing 102206, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry, Biological and Materials Sciences, East China Institute of Technology , Nanchang, 330013, P. R. China
| | - Xiangxue Wang
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, North China Electric Power University , Beijing 102206, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Novel Thin Film Solar Cells, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Science , P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, 230031, P.R. China
| | - Yuejie Ai
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, North China Electric Power University , Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Yunhai Liu
- School of Chemistry, Biological and Materials Sciences, East China Institute of Technology , Nanchang, 330013, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxing Li
- Key Laboratory of Novel Thin Film Solar Cells, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Science , P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, 230031, P.R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Soochow University , 215123, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yongfei Ji
- Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology , Roslagstullsbacken 15, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiangke Wang
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, North China Electric Power University , Beijing 102206, P. R. China
- NAAM Research Group, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ouyang S, Hu X, Zhou Q. Envelopment-Internalization Synergistic Effects and Metabolic Mechanisms of Graphene Oxide on Single-Cell Chlorella vulgaris Are Dependent on the Nanomaterial Particle Size. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:18104-18112. [PMID: 26221973 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b05328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The interactions between nanomaterials and cells are fundamental in biological responses to nanomaterials. However, the size-dependent synergistic effects of envelopment and internalization as well as the metabolic mechanisms of nanomaterials have remained unknown. The nanomaterials tested here were larger graphene oxide nanosheets (GONS) and small graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQD). GONS intensively entrapped single-celled Chlorella vulgaris, and envelopment by GONS reduced the cell permeability. In contrast, GOQD-induced remarkable shrinkage of the plasma membrane and then enhanced cell permeability through strong internalization effects such as plasmolysis, uptake of nanomaterials, an oxidative stress increase, and inhibition of cell division and chlorophyll biosynthesis. Metabolomics analysis showed that amino acid metabolism was sensitive to nanomaterial exposure. Shrinkage of the plasma membrane is proposed to be linked to increases in the isoleucine levels. The inhibition of cell division and chlorophyll a biosynthesis was associated with decreases in aspartic acid and serine, the precursors of chlorophyll a. The increases in mitochondrial membrane potential loss and oxidative stress were correlated with an increase in linolenic acid. The above metabolites can be used as indicators of the corresponding biological responses. These results enhance our systemic understanding of the size-dependent biological effects of nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaohu Ouyang
- †Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiangang Hu
- †Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qixing Zhou
- †Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Marchesano V, Ambrosone A, Bartelmess J, Strisciante F, Tino A, Echegoyen L, Tortiglione C, Giordani S. Impact of Carbon Nano-Onions on Hydra vulgaris as a Model Organism for Nanoecotoxicology. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2015; 5:1331-1350. [PMID: 28347067 PMCID: PMC5304644 DOI: 10.3390/nano5031331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The toxicological effects of pristine and chemically modified carbon nano-onions (CNOs) on the development of the freshwater polyp Hydra vulgaris were investigated in order to elucidate the ecotoxicological effects of CNOs. Chemical modifications of the CNOs were accomplished by surface functionalization with benzoic acid, pyridine and pyridinium moieties. thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the covalent surface functionalization of CNOs. Hydra specimens were exposed to the carbon nanomaterials by prolonged incubation within their medium. Uptake was monitored by optical microscopy, and the toxicological effects of the CNOs on Hydra behavior, morphology, as well as the long-term effects on the development and reproductive capability were examined. The obtained data revealed the absence of adverse effects of CNOs (in the range 0.05-0.1 mg/L) in vivo at the whole animal level. Together with previously performed in vitro toxicological analyses, our findings indicate the biosafety of CNOs and the feasibility of employing them as materials for biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Marchesano
- Nano-Biomolecular Group, Istituto di Scienze Applicate e Sistemi Intelligenti "E.Caianiello", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy.
| | - Alfredo Ambrosone
- Nano-Biomolecular Group, Istituto di Scienze Applicate e Sistemi Intelligenti "E.Caianiello", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy.
| | - Juergen Bartelmess
- Nano Carbon Materials Lab, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.
| | - Federica Strisciante
- Nano-Biomolecular Group, Istituto di Scienze Applicate e Sistemi Intelligenti "E.Caianiello", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy.
| | - Angela Tino
- Nano-Biomolecular Group, Istituto di Scienze Applicate e Sistemi Intelligenti "E.Caianiello", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy.
| | - Luis Echegoyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
| | - Claudia Tortiglione
- Nano-Biomolecular Group, Istituto di Scienze Applicate e Sistemi Intelligenti "E.Caianiello", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy.
| | - Silvia Giordani
- Nano Carbon Materials Lab, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|