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Yang X, Gao R, Zhang Q, Yung CCM, Yin H, Li J. Quantification of Polyphosphate in Environmental Planktonic Samples Using a Novel Fluorescence Dye JC-D7. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:14249-14259. [PMID: 39079691 PMCID: PMC11325646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c04545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Polyphosphate (polyP) is found in plankton of diverse aquatic ecosystems and is important for plankton ecology and biogeochemical cycling. However, our knowledge of polyP in aquatic environments is hindered by a lack of data due to the limitations of quantification methods. The estimate of polyP in model organisms using phenol-chloroform extraction followed by enzymatic hydrolysis is complicated and fails for environmental samples. The commonly used 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) fluorescence method for environmental studies, on the contrary, severely overestimates polyP due to interference. In this paper, we develop a plankton lysis buffer to extract polyP and a quantification method using a novel polyP-specific fluorescence dye JC-D7. We test the methods using cultured algae and bacteria, as well as natural samples from marine and freshwater environments. We show that our plankton lysis extracts polyP with high recovery while requiring substantially less time and effort. Subsequent polyP quantification using JC-D7 fluorescence overcomes the interference encountered by the DAPI method and provides an accurate measurement of polyP down to <0.5 μmol L-1. This novel method enables more accurate quantification of polyP in aquatic environments and will profoundly enhance our knowledge of polyP, plankton ecology, and biogeochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Yang
- Department of Ocean Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Center for Ocean Research in Hong Kong and Macau, Hong Kong 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rixuan Gao
- Department of Ocean Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Center for Ocean Research in Hong Kong and Macau, Hong Kong 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Department of Ocean Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Center for Ocean Research in Hong Kong and Macau, Hong Kong 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Charmaine C M Yung
- Department of Ocean Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hongbin Yin
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiying Li
- Department of Ocean Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Center for Ocean Research in Hong Kong and Macau, Hong Kong 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
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2
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Schoeppe R, Waldmann M, Jessen HJ, Renné T. An Update on Polyphosphate In Vivo Activities. Biomolecules 2024; 14:937. [PMID: 39199325 PMCID: PMC11352482 DOI: 10.3390/biom14080937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyphosphate (polyP) is an evolutionary ancient inorganic molecule widespread in biology, exerting a broad range of biological activities. The intracellular polymer serves as an energy storage pool and phosphate/calcium ion reservoir with implications for basal cellular functions. Metabolisms of the polymer are well understood in procaryotes and unicellular eukaryotic cells. However, functions, regulation, and association with disease states of the polymer in higher eukaryotic species such as mammalians are just beginning to emerge. The review summarises our current understanding of polyP metabolism, the polymer's functions, and methods for polyP analysis. In-depth knowledge of the pathways that control polyP turnover will open future perspectives for selective targeting of the polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schoeppe
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (O26), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Waldmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (O26), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Henning J. Jessen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, D-79105 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Thomas Renné
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (O26), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
- Center for Thrombosis and Haemostasis (CTH), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
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Sun D, Ibánhez JSP, Zhang J, Zhang G, Jiang S. Phosphorus cycling in a subterranean estuary seepage face: A seasonal view on inventory composition and linkage with nitrate transformations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 924:171473. [PMID: 38458462 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Seasonal field surveys (April 2018 to February 2019) were conducted in a subterranean estuary (STE) seepage face in Sanggou Bay (China) aiming to explore the transport and reactivity of phosphorus (P) and biogeochemical linkages with the cycling of nitrogen (N) prior to discharge. Porewater dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) and dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) together with different fractions of sedimentary P were analyzed in the upper, middle and lower intertidal covering the top 20 cm of sediment (1-4 cm, 5-8 cm, 9-12 cm, 13-16 cm and 17-20 cm depth). The accumulation of sedimentary organic P stimulated the growth of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms and led to porewater DOP enrichment during spring. During summer, total P (TP), porewater DIP and DOP concentrations decreased, potentially due to enhanced mineralization driven by high ambient temperature. From autumn to winter, pelagic organic matter into the STE lowered, triggering a drop of TP standing stocks. Compared with the significant seasonality, sedimentary P storage was statistically identical along the intertidal. Such spatial homogeneity likely results from the rebalance driven by P adsorption dynamics and pelagic organic matter delivered by tide and wave setup. The vertical distribution of DIP, DOP, and sedimentary TP were linked to nitrate transformations. In the sediment layer with active mineralization and nitrification, concentrations of DOP, sedimentary redox and clay P increased. In the layer with active nitrate removal (2-5 cm depth), both DIP and DOP concentrations decreased. The sedimentary loosely-bound and organic P were also lower there. Notably, a substantial quantity of soluble P seeped out, acting as an important contributor to the dissolved P pool of the receiving waters. The spatial and temporal overlap of high concentrations of N and P in STEs adds variabilities and uncertainties in P out-drainage fluxes and nutrient stoichiometry balances, which should draw attention from coastal researchers and stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danqing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Juan Severino Pino Ibánhez
- Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, China
| | - Guosen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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Yuan J, Deng X, Xie X, Chen L, Wei C, Feng C, Qiu G. Blind spots of universal primers and specific FISH probes for functional microbe and community characterization in EBPR systems. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:ycae011. [PMID: 38524765 PMCID: PMC10958769 DOI: 10.1093/ismeco/ycae011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing are commonly used for microbial ecological analyses in biological enhanced phosphorus removal (EBPR) systems, the successful application of which was governed by the oligonucleotides used. We performed a systemic evaluation of commonly used probes/primers for known polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) and glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAOs). Most FISH probes showed blind spots and covered nontarget bacterial groups. Ca. Competibacter probes showed promising coverage and specificity. Those for Ca. Accumulibacter are desirable in coverage but targeted out-group bacteria, including Ca. Competibacter, Thauera, Dechlorosoma, and some polyphosphate-accumulating Cyanobacteria. Defluviicoccus probes are good in specificity but poor in coverage. Probes targeting Tetrasphaera or Dechloromonas showed low coverage and specificity. Specifically, DEMEF455, Bet135, and Dech453 for Dechloromonas covered Ca. Accumulibacter. Special attentions are needed when using these probes to resolve the PAO/GAO phenotype of Dechloromonas. Most species-specific probes for Ca. Accumulibacter, Ca. Lutibacillus, Ca. Phosphoribacter, and Tetrasphaera are highly specific. Overall, 1.4% Ca. Accumulibacter, 9.6% Ca. Competibacter, 43.3% Defluviicoccus, and 54.0% Dechloromonas in the MiDAS database were not covered by existing FISH probes. Different 16S rRNA amplicon primer sets showed distinct coverage of known PAOs and GAOs. None of them covered all members. Overall, 520F-802R and 515F-926R showed the most balanced coverage. All primers showed extremely low coverage of Microlunatus (<36.0%), implying their probably overlooked roles in EBPR systems. A clear understanding of the strength and weaknesses of each probe and primer set is a premise for rational evaluation and interpretation of obtained community results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yuan
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 382 Waihuandong Road, University Town, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Xuhan Deng
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 382 Waihuandong Road, University Town, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Xiaojing Xie
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 382 Waihuandong Road, University Town, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Liping Chen
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 382 Waihuandong Road, University Town, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Chaohai Wei
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 382 Waihuandong Road, University Town, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, 382 Waihuandong Road, University Town, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration in Industrial Clusters, Ministry of Education, 382 Waihuandong Road, University Town, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Chunhua Feng
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 382 Waihuandong Road, University Town, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, 382 Waihuandong Road, University Town, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration in Industrial Clusters, Ministry of Education, 382 Waihuandong Road, University Town, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Guanglei Qiu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 382 Waihuandong Road, University Town, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, 382 Waihuandong Road, University Town, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration in Industrial Clusters, Ministry of Education, 382 Waihuandong Road, University Town, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
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5
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Li G, Tooker NB, Wang D, Srinivasan V, Barnard JL, Russell A, Stinson B, McQuarrie J, Schauer P, Menniti A, Varga E, Hauduc H, Takács I, Bott C, Dobrowski P, Onnis-Hayden A, Gu AZ. Modeling versatile and dynamic anaerobic metabolism for PAOs/GAOs competition using agent-based model and verification via single cell Raman Micro-spectroscopy. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 245:120540. [PMID: 37688851 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Side-stream enhanced biological phosphorus removal process (S2EBPR) has been demonstrated to improve performance stability and offers a suite of advantages compared to conventional EBPR design. Design and optimization of S2EBPR require modification of the current EBPR models that were not able to fully reflect the metabolic functions of and competition between the polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) and glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAOs) under extended anaerobic conditions as in the S2EBPR conditions. In this study, we proposed and validated an improved model (iEBPR) for simulating PAO and GAO competition that incorporated heterogeneity and versatility in PAO sequential polymer usage, staged maintenance-decay, and glycolysis-TCA pathway shifts. The iEBPR model was first calibrated against bulk batch testing experiment data and proved to perform better than the previous EBPR model for predicting the soluble orthoP, ammonia, biomass glycogen, and PHA temporal profiles in a starvation batch testing under prolonged anaerobic conditions. We further validated the model with another independent set of anaerobic testing data that included high-resolution single-cell and specific population level intracellular polymer measurements acquired with single-cell Raman micro-spectroscopy technique. The model accurately predicted the temporal changes in the intracellular polymers at cellular and population levels within PAOs and GAOs, and further confirmed the proposed mechanism of sequential polymer utilization, and polymer availability-dependent and staged maintenance-decay in PAOs. These results indicate that under extended anaerobic phases as in S2EBPR, the PAOs may gain competitive advantages over GAOs due to the possession of multiple intracellular polymers and the adaptive switching of the anaerobic metabolic pathways that consequently lead to the later and slower decay in PAOs than GAOs. The iEBPR model can be applied to facilitate and optimize the design and operations of S2EBPR for more reliable nutrient removal and recovery from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Li
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Nicholas B Tooker
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dongqi Wang
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Varun Srinivasan
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States; Brown and Caldwell, One Tech Drive, Andover, MA, United States
| | | | - Andrew Russell
- South Cary Water Reclamation Facility, Apex, NC, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Erika Varga
- LISBP, INSA Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Dynamita, Nyons, France
| | | | | | - Charles Bott
- Hampton Roads Sanitation District, Virginia Beach, VA, United States
| | | | - Annalisa Onnis-Hayden
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - April Z Gu
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.
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6
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Ando M, Sugiyama K, Kubo K, Horii S, Hano T, Tomaru Y, Takeyama H. Single-Cell Level Raman Molecular Profiling Reveals the Classification of Growth Phases of Chaetoceros tenuissimus. J Phys Chem B 2023. [PMID: 37243612 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c02152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are a natural phenomenon caused by outbreaks of algae, resulting in serious problems for aquatic ecosystems and the coastal environment. Chaetoceros tenuissimus (C. tenuissimus) is one of the diatoms responsible for HABs. The growth curve of C. tenuissimus can be observed from beginning to end of HABs: therefore, detailed analysis is necessary to characterize each growth phase of C. tenuissimus. It is important to examine the phenotype of each diatom cell individually, as they display heterogeneity even in the same growth phase. Raman spectroscopy is a label-free technique to elucidate biomolecular profiles and spatial information at the cellular level. Multivariate data analysis (MVA) is an efficient method for the analysis of complicated Raman spectra, to identify molecular features. Here, we utilized Raman microspectroscopy to identify the molecular information of each diatom cell, at the single-cell level. The MVA, together with a support vector machine, which is a machine learning technique, allowed the classification of proliferating and nonproliferating cells. The classification includes polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid. This study indicated that Raman spectroscopy is an appropriate technique to examine C. tenuissimus at the single-cell level, providing relevant data to assess the correlation between the molecular details obtained from the Raman analysis, at each growth phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Ando
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumaki-Cho, Shinjuku-Ku,Tokyo 169-0041, Japan
| | - Kaori Sugiyama
- Institute for Advanced Research of Biosystem Dynamics, Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Koya Kubo
- Department of Advanced Science Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Computational Bio Big-Data Open Innovation Laboratory, AIST-Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Shumpei Horii
- Department of Advanced Science Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Computational Bio Big-Data Open Innovation Laboratory, AIST-Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hano
- Environment Conservation Division, National Research and Development Agency, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-17-5 Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima 739-0452, Japan
| | - Yuji Tomaru
- Environment Conservation Division, National Research and Development Agency, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-17-5 Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima 739-0452, Japan
| | - Haruko Takeyama
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumaki-Cho, Shinjuku-Ku,Tokyo 169-0041, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Research of Biosystem Dynamics, Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Department of Advanced Science Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Computational Bio Big-Data Open Innovation Laboratory, AIST-Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
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7
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Diaz R, Mackey B, Chadalavada S, Kainthola J, Heck P, Goel R. Enhanced Bio-P removal: Past, present, and future - A comprehensive review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 309:136518. [PMID: 36191763 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Excess amounts of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) from anthropogenic activities such as population growth, municipal and industrial wastewater discharges, agriculture fertilization and storm water runoffs, have affected surface water chemistry, resulting in episodes of eutrophication. Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) based treatment processes are an economical and environmentally friendly solution to address the present environmental impacts caused by excess P present in municipal discharges. EBPR practices have been researched and operated for more than five decades worldwide, with promising results in decreasing orthophosphate to acceptable levels. The advent of molecular tools targeting bacterial genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) has also helped us reveal the identity of potential polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAO) and denitrifying PAO (DPAO) responsible for the success of EBPR. Integration of process engineering and environmental microbiology has provided much-needed confidence to the wastewater community for the successful implementation of EBPR practices around the globe. Despite these successes, the process of EBPR continues to evolve in terms of its microbiology and application in light of other biological processes such as anaerobic ammonia oxidation and on-site carbon capture. This review provides an overview of the history of EBPR, discusses different operational parameters critical for the successful operation of EBPR systems, reviews current knowledge of EBPR microbiology, the influence of PAO/DPAO on the disintegration of microbial communities, stoichiometry, EBPR clades, current practices, and upcoming potential innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Diaz
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Brendan Mackey
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Sreeni Chadalavada
- School of Engineering, University of Southern Queensland Springfield, Queensland, 4350, Australia.
| | - Jyoti Kainthola
- Department of Civil Engineering, École Centrale School of Engineering, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India, 500043
| | - Phil Heck
- Central Valley Water Reclamation Facility, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ramesh Goel
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
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8
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Li G, Wu C, Wang D, Srinivasan V, Kaeli DR, Dy JG, Gu AZ. Machine Learning-Based Determination of Sampling Depth for Complex Environmental Systems: Case Study with Single-Cell Raman Spectroscopy Data in EBPR Systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:13473-13484. [PMID: 36048618 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rapid progress in various advanced analytical methods, such as single-cell technologies, enable unprecedented and deeper understanding of microbial ecology beyond the resolution of conventional approaches. A major application challenge exists in the determination of sufficient sample size without sufficient prior knowledge of the community complexity and, the need to balance between statistical power and limited time or resources. This hinders the desired standardization and wider application of these technologies. Here, we proposed, tested and validated a computational sampling size assessment protocol taking advantage of a metric, named kernel divergence. This metric has two advantages: First, it directly compares data set-wise distributional differences with no requirements on human intervention or prior knowledge-based preclassification. Second, minimal assumptions in distribution and sample space are made in data processing to enhance its application domain. This enables test-verified appropriate handling of data sets with both linear and nonlinear relationships. The model was then validated in a case study with Single-cell Raman Spectroscopy (SCRS) phenotyping data sets from eight different enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) activated sludge communities located across North America. The model allows the determination of sufficient sampling size for any targeted or customized information capture capacity or resolution level. Promised by its flexibility and minimal restriction of input data types, the proposed method is expected to be a standardized approach for sampling size optimization, enabling more comparable and reproducible experiments and analysis on complex environmental samples. Finally, these advantages enable the extension of the capability to other single-cell technologies or environmental applications with data sets exhibiting continuous features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5026, United States
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-0001, United States
| | - Chieh Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5005, United States
| | - Dongqi Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5026, United States
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, School of Water Resources and Hydro-Electric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, PRC
| | - Varun Srinivasan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5026, United States
- Brown and Caldwell, One Tech Drive, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - David R Kaeli
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5005, United States
| | - Jennifer G Dy
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5005, United States
| | - April Z Gu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5026, United States
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-0001, United States
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9
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Pei R, Vicente-Venegas G, Van Loosdrecht MCM, Kleerebezem R, Werker A. Quantification of polyhydroxyalkanoate accumulated in waste activated sludge. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 221:118795. [PMID: 35785696 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoate accumulation experiments at pilot scale were performed with fullscale municipal waste activated sludge. Development of biomass PHA content was quantified by thermogravimetric analysis. Over 48 h the biomass reached up to 0.49 ± 0.03 gPHA/gVSS (n=4). Samples were processed in parallel to characterise the distribution of PHA in the biomass. Selective staining methods and image analysis were performed by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy. The image analysis indicated that nominally 55% of this waste activated sludge was engaged in PHA storage activity. Thus even if the biomass PHA content reached 0.49gPHA/gVSS, the accumulating fraction of the biomass was estimated to have attained about 0.64gPHA/gVSS. The combination of quantitative microscopy and polymer mass assessment enabled to distinguish the effect of level of enrichment in PHA storing bacteria and the average PHA storage capacity of the accumulating bacteria. The distribution of microbial 16S rRNA levels did not follow a measurable trend during PHA accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhe Pei
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629 HZ, the Netherlands; Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, Leeuwarden 8911 MA, the Netherlands.
| | - Gerard Vicente-Venegas
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, Leeuwarden 8911 MA, the Netherlands
| | - Mark C M Van Loosdrecht
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629 HZ, the Netherlands
| | - Robbert Kleerebezem
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629 HZ, the Netherlands
| | - Alan Werker
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, Leeuwarden 8911 MA, the Netherlands
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10
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Wang D, Li Y, Cope HA, Li X, He P, Liu C, Li G, Rahman SM, Tooker NB, Bott CB, Onnis-Hayden A, Singh J, Elfick A, Marques R, Jessen HJ, Oehmen A, Gu AZ. Intracellular polyphosphate length characterization in polyphosphate accumulating microorganisms (PAOs): Implications in PAO phenotypic diversity and enhanced biological phosphorus removal performance. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 206:117726. [PMID: 34656820 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Polyphosphate (polyP) accumulating organisms (PAOs) are the key agent to perform enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) activity, and intracellular polyP plays a key role in this process. Potential associations between EBPR performance and the polyP structure have been suggested, but are yet to be extensively investigated, mainly due to the lack of established methods for polyP characterization in the EBPR system. In this study, we explored and demonstrated that single-cell Raman spectroscopy (SCRS) can be employed for characterizing intracellular polyPs of PAOs in complex environmental samples such as EBPR systems. The results, for the first time, revealed distinct distribution patterns of polyP length (as Raman peak position) in PAOs in lab-scale EBPR reactors that were dominated with different PAO types, as well as among different full-scale EBPR systems with varying configurations. Furthermore, SCRS revealed distinctive polyP composition/features among PAO phenotypic sub-groups, which are likely associated with phylogenetic and/or phenotypic diversity in EBPR communities, highlighting the possible resolving power of SCRS at the microdiversity level. To validate the observed polyP length variations via SCRS, we also performed and compared bulk polyP length characteristics in EBPR biomass using conventional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and solution 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR) methods. The results are consistent with the SCRS findings and confirmed the variations in the polyP lengths among different EBPR systems. Compared to conventional methods, SCRS exhibited advantages as compared to conventional methods, including the ability to characterize in situ the intracellular polyPs at subcellular resolution in a label-free and non-destructive way, and the capability to capture subtle and detailed biochemical fingerprints of cells for phenotypic classification. SCRS also has recognized limitations in comparison with 31P-NMR and PAGE, such as the inability to quantitatively detect the average polyP chain length and its distribution. The results provided initial evidence for the potential of SCRS-enabled polyP characterization as an alternative and complementary microbial community phenotyping method to facilitate the phenotype-function (performance) relationship deduction in EBPR systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China; Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Yueyun Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Black and Veatch, 2999 Oak Road #490, Walnut Creek, CA 94597, United States
| | - Helen A Cope
- School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China
| | - Peisheng He
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 220 Hollister Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China
| | - Guangyu Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 220 Hollister Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Sheikh M Rahman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Department of Civil Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Nicholas B Tooker
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Marston Hall, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Charles B Bott
- Hampton Roads Sanitation District, 1434 Air Rail Avenue, Virginia Beach, VA 23454, United States
| | - Annalisa Onnis-Hayden
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Jyoti Singh
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, Freiburg 79104, Germany; Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, Bloomsbury, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair Elfick
- School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ricardo Marques
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Henning J Jessen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Adrian Oehmen
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal; School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - April Z Gu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 220 Hollister Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States.
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11
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Cui L, Li HZ, Yang K, Zhu LJ, Xu F, Zhu YG. Raman biosensor and molecular tools for integrated monitoring of pathogens and antimicrobial resistance in wastewater. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Status and advances in technologies for phosphorus species detection and characterization in natural environment- A comprehensive review. Talanta 2021; 233:122458. [PMID: 34215099 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Poor recovery of phosphorus (P) across natural environment (water, soil, sediment, and biological sources) is causing rapid depletion of phosphate rocks and continuous accumulation of P in natural waters, resulting in deteriorated water quality and aquatic lives. Accurate detection and characterization of various P species using suitable analytical methods provide a comprehensive understanding of the biogeochemical cycle of P and thus help its proper management in the environment. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the analytical methods used for P speciation in natural environment by dividing them into five broad categories (i.e., chemical, biological, molecular, staining microscopy, and sensors) and highlighting the suitability (i.e., targeted species, sample matrix), detection limit, advantages-limitations, and reference studies of all methods under each category. This can be useful in designing studies involving P detection and characterization across environmental matrices by providing insights about a wide range of analytical methods based on the end user application needs of individual studies.
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13
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Bi QF, Jin BJ, Zhu D, Jiang YG, Zheng BX, O'Connor P, Yang XR, Richter A, Lin XY, Zhu YG. How can fertilization regimes and durations shape earthworm gut microbiota in a long-term field experiment? ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 224:112643. [PMID: 34411817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The positive roles of earthworms on soil functionality has been extensively documented. The capacity of the earthworm gut microbiota on decomposition and nutrient cycling under long-term fertilization in field conditions has rarely been studied. Here, we report the structural, taxonomic, and functional responses of Eisenia foetida and Pheretima guillelmi gut microbiota to different fertilization regimes and durations using 16S rRNA gene-based Illumina sequencing and high-throughput quantitative PCR techniques. Our results revealed that the core gut microbiota, especially the fermentative bacteria were mainly sourced from the soil, but strongly stimulated with species-specificity, potential benefits for the host and soil health. The functional compositions of gut microbiota were altered by fertilization with fertilization duration being more influential than fertilization regimes. Moreover, the combination of organic and inorganic fertilization with the longer duration resulted in a higher richness and connectivity in the gut microbiota, and also their functional potential related to carbon (C), nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling, particularly the labile C decomposition, denitrification, and phosphate mobilization. We also found that long-term inorganic fertilization increased the abundance of pathogenic bacteria in the P. guillelmi gut. This study demonstrates that understanding earthworm gut microbiota can provide insights into how agricultural practices can potentially alter soil ecosystem functions through the interactions between soil and earthworm gut microbiotas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Fang Bi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bing-Jie Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Dong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Yu-Gen Jiang
- Fuyang Agricultural Technology Popularization Center, Hangzhou 311400, PR China
| | - Bang-Xiao Zheng
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Lahti 15140, Finland
| | - Patrick O'Connor
- Centre for Global Food and Resources, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - Xiao-Ru Yang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Andreas Richter
- Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Xian-Yong Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
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14
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Understanding microbial shift of Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal process (EBPR) under different Dissolved Oxygen (DO) concentrations and Hydraulic Retention Time (HRTs). Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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15
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Horii S, Ando M, Samuel AZ, Take A, Nakashima T, Matsumoto A, Takahashi YK, Takeyama H. Detection of Penicillin G Produced by Penicillium chrysogenum with Raman Microspectroscopy and Multivariate Curve Resolution-Alternating Least-Squares Methods. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:3223-3229. [PMID: 33074672 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Raman microspectroscopy is a minimally invasive technique that can identify molecules without labeling. In this study, we demonstrate the detection of penicillin G inside Penicillium chrysogenum KF425 fungal cells. Raman spectra acquired from the fungal cells had highly overlapped spectroscopic signatures and hence were analyzed with multivariate curve resolution by alternating least-squares (MCR-ALS) to extract the spectra of individual molecular constituents. In addition to detecting spatial distribution of multiple constituents such as proteins and lipids inside the fungal body, we could also observe the subcellular localization of penicillin G. This methodology has the potential to be employed in screening the production of bioactive compounds by microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumpei Horii
- Department of Advanced Science Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Computational Bio Big-Data Open Innovation Laboratory, AIST-Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ando
- Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Ashok Zachariah Samuel
- Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
| | - Akira Take
- Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Takuji Nakashima
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Atsuko Matsumoto
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yo Ko Takahashi
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Haruko Takeyama
- Department of Advanced Science Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
- Consolidated Research Institute for Advanced Science and Medical Care, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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16
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Majed N, Gu AZ. Phenotypic dynamics in polyphosphate and glycogen accumulating organisms in response to varying influent C/P ratios in EBPR systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 743:140603. [PMID: 32758819 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study employed molecular tools and single cell Raman micro-spectroscopy techniques to reveal the single cell- and population-level phenotypic dynamics and changes in functionally relevant organisms, namely polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) and glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs), in response to influent loading readily biodegradable carbon to phosphorus ratio (C/P) changes in enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) systems. The results, for the first time, provided direct and cellular evidence confirming the adaptive anaerobic metabolic pathway shifts in PAOs in response to influent loading variations. Increase in influent readily biodegradable carbon to phosphorus (C/P) ratio from 20 to 50 led to nearly 50% decline in polyphosphate content and drastic rise of intracellular polyβhydroxybutyrate (PHB) to polyphosphate (polyP) ratio by nearly 6 times in PAOs, indicating corresponding diminishing reliance on polyP hydrolysis for energy as P becomes limiting. Influent carbon availability surge also impacted the intracellular carbon polymers in GAOs, with significant increase in the mean PHB content level but no observed changes in the intracellular glycogen level. Furthermore, the Raman-based quantification of differentiated intracellular polymer content associated with PAOs and GAOs, revealed new insights into the quantitative shift in intracellular carbon storage distribution between the two populations and their variations between the two carbon polymers (PHB, Glycogen). In summary, this investigation revealed high-resolution cellular level information regarding the metabolic flexibility in PAOs, phenotypic stoichiometry changes and carbon flux and distribution among PAOs and GAOs, in response to influent loading conditions. The new information will contribute to improvement in mechanistic EBPR modeling and design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehreen Majed
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - April Z Gu
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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17
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Wang D, He P, Wang Z, Li G, Majed N, Gu AZ. Advances in single cell Raman spectroscopy technologies for biological and environmental applications. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 64:218-229. [PMID: 32688195 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The increasing sophistication of single cell Raman spectroscopy (SCRS) via its integrations with other advanced analytical techniques and modern data analytics, enable unprecedented exploration of complex biological and environmental samples with significantly improved specificity, sensitivity, and resolution. Because of the merits of being high-resolution, label-free, non-invasive, molecular-specific, culture-independent, and suitable for in situ, in vitro or in vivo analysis, the SCRS-derived techniques offer abilities superior to conventional bulk measurements for environmental and biological studies. Here, we provide a comprehensive and critical review of the most recent advances in the development and application of SCRS-enabled technologies, with focus on those biomolecular and cellular high-resolution applications in environmental and biological fields. The basic principles, unique advantages, and suitable applications, as well as recognized limitations for each technology are recapitulated. The remaining challenges, research needs and future outlook are discussed. We predict that SCRS-enabled technologies are earning its place as a routine and powerful tool in many and rapidly expanding applications across disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Peisheng He
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 220 Hollister Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Zijian Wang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 220 Hollister Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Guangyu Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Nehreen Majed
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A, Green Road, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh
| | - April Z Gu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 220 Hollister Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States.
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18
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Christ JJ, Willbold S, Blank LM. Methods for the Analysis of Polyphosphate in the Life Sciences. Anal Chem 2020; 92:4167-4176. [PMID: 32039586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is the polymer of orthophosphate and can be found in all living organisms. For polyP characterization, one or more of six parameters are of interest: the molecular structure (linear, cyclic, or branched), the concentration, the average chain length, the chain length distribution, the cellular localization, and the cation composition. Here, the merits, limitations, and critical parameters of the state-of-the-art methods for the analysis of the six parameters from the life sciences are discussed. With this contribution, we aim to lower the entry barrier into the analytics of polyP, a molecule with prominent, yet often incompletely understood, contributions to cellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Johannes Christ
- Institute of Applied Microbiology-iAMB, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology-ABBt, Worringer Weg 1, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sabine Willbold
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics, Analytics (ZEA-3), Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, D-52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Lars Mathias Blank
- Institute of Applied Microbiology-iAMB, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology-ABBt, Worringer Weg 1, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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19
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Onnis-Hayden A, Srinivasan V, Tooker NB, Li G, Wang D, Barnard JL, Bott C, Dombrowski P, Schauer P, Menniti A, Shaw A, Stinson B, Stevens G, Dunlap P, Takács I, McQuarrie J, Phillips H, Lambrecht A, Analla H, Russell A, Gu AZ. Survey of full-scale sidestream enhanced biological phosphorus removal (S2EBPR) systems and comparison with conventional EBPRs in North America: Process stability, kinetics, and microbial populations. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2020; 92:403-417. [PMID: 31402530 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Sidestream EBPR (S2EBPR) is an emerging alternative process to address common challenges in EBPR related to weak wastewater influent and may improve EBPR process stability. A systematic evaluation and comparison of the process performance and microbial community structure was conducted between conventional and S2EBPR facilities in North America. The statistical analysis suggested higher performance stability in S2EBPR than conventional EBPR, although possible bias associated with other plant-specific factors might have affected the comparison. Variations in stoichiometric values related to EBPR activity and discrepancies between the observed values and current model predictions suggested a varying degree of metabolic versatility of PAOs in S2EBPR systems that warrant further investigation. Microbial community analysis using various techniques suggested comparable known candidate PAO relative abundances in S2EBPR and conventional EBPR systems, whereas the relative abundance of known candidate GAOs seemed to be consistently lower in S2EBPR facilities than conventional EBPR facilities. 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis revealed differences in the community phylogenetic fingerprints between S2EBPR and conventional facilities and indicated statistically higher microbial diversity index values in S2EBPR facilities than those in conventional EBPRs. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Sidestream EBPR (S2EBPR) can be implemented with varying and flexible configurations, and they offer advantages over conventional configurations for addressing the common challenges in EBPR related to weak wastewater influent and may improve EBPR process stability. Survey of S2EBPR plants in North America suggested statistically more stable phosphorus removal performance in S2EBPR plants than conventional EBPRs, although possible bias might affect the comparison due to other plant-specific factors. The EBPR kinetics and stoichiometry of the S2EBPR facilities seemed to vary and are associated with metabolic versatility of PAOs in S2EBPR systems that warrant further investigation. The abundance of known candidate PAOs in S2EBPR plants was similar to those in conventional EBPRs, and the abundance of known candidate GAOs was generally lower in S2EBPR than conventional EBPR facilities. Further finer-resolution analysis of PAOs and GAOs, as well as identification of other unknown PAOs and GAOs, is needed. Microbial diversity is higher in S2EBPR facilities compared with conventional ones, implying that S2EBPR microbial communities could show better resilience to perturbations due to potential functional redundancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Varun Srinivasan
- Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Nicholas B Tooker
- Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Guangyu Li
- Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dongqi Wang
- Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
| | | | - Charles Bott
- Hampton Roads Sanitation District, Virginia Beach, Virginia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jim McQuarrie
- Denver Metro Wastewater Reclamation District, Denver, Colorado
| | | | - Angela Lambrecht
- Regional District of Central Okanagan, West Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - April Z Gu
- Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
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20
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Onnis-Hayden A, Majed N, Li Y, Rahman SM, Drury D, Risso L, Gu AZ. Impact of solid residence time (SRT) on functionally relevant microbial populations and performance in full-scale enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) systems. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2020; 92:389-402. [PMID: 31329319 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Investigations of the impact of solid residence time (SRT) on microbial ecology and performance of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process in full-scale systems have been scarce due to the challenges in isolating and examining the SRT from other complex plant-specific factors. This study performed a comprehensive evaluation of the influence of SRT on polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) and glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAOs) dynamics and on P removal performance at Clark County Water Reclamation District Facility in Las Vegas, USA. Five parallel treatment trains with separated clarifiers were operated with five different SRTs ranging from 6 to 40 days. Microbial community analysis using multiple molecular and Raman techniques suggested that the relative abundances and diversity of PAOs and GAOs in EBPR systems are highly affected by the SRT. The resultant EBPR system stability and performance can be potentially controlled and optimized by manipulating the system SRT, and shorter SRT (<10 days) seems to be preferred. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Phosphorus removal performance and kinetics are highly affected by the operational solid residence time (SRT), with lower and more stable effluent P level achieved at SRT < 10 days. Excessive long SRTs above that needed for nitrification may harm EBPR performance; additionally, excessive long SRT may favor GAOs to dominate over PAOs and thus further reducing efficient use of rbCOD for EBPR. Microbial population abundance and diversity, especially those functionally relevant PAOs and GAOs, can impact the P removal performances, and they are highly dependent on the operational solid residence time. EBPR performance can be potentially controlled and optimized by manipulating the system SRT, and shorter SRT (≤10 days) seems to be preferred at the influent rbCOD/P ratio and environmental conditions as in the plant studied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nehreen Majed
- Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Yueyun Li
- Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Black & Veatch, Walnut Creek, California
| | - Sheikh Mokhlesur Rahman
- Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Douglas Drury
- Clark County Water Reclamation District, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | - LeAnna Risso
- Clark County Water Reclamation District, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | - April Z Gu
- Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
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21
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Feng C, Welles L, Zhang X, Pronk M, de Graaff D, van Loosdrecht M. Stress-induced assays for polyphosphate quantification by uncoupling acetic acid uptake and anaerobic phosphorus release. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 169:115228. [PMID: 31698149 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus has been successfully eliminated from wastewater by biological techniques of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process, which relies on a specific microbiota of polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) that accumulate phosphate as polyphosphates (poly-P). Most methods for quantification of poly-P pools suffer from low accuracy and specificity. More powerful and implementable P-analysis tools are required for poly-P quantification, which will help in improved evaluation of processes in laboratory and full-scale EBPR systems. This study developed two methods to quantify poly-P pools by releasing the poly-P from the cell. During experimental optimization, it was observed that two different methods resulted in the highest phosphate release: acetate addition at a pH of 4.8 and exposure to EDTA solution with a concentration of 1% (w/v). Treatment with EDTA resulted in a higher amount of phosphate release from all sludge samples. This was characterized by P-release of 1.5-2.5 times higher than the control tests. In contrast, treatments with acetate addition at a low pH exhibited that P-release depended upon the types of the sludge samples. The highest P-release amount and rate were found in highly-enriched PAO sludge samples, but with fewer influences on the sludge collected from WWTP, which may be attributed to the lower fraction of PAOs in the sludge. Overall, the proposed approaches to quantify the poly-P concentration can be applied in simple, user-friendly, and cost-effective ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuijie Feng
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Polytechnic University of Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Laurens Welles
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, the Netherlands; Environmental Engineering and Water Technology Department, IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611 AX, Delft, the Netherlands.
| | - Xuedong Zhang
- Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Mario Pronk
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Danny de Graaff
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Mark van Loosdrecht
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, the Netherlands.
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22
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Lorenzo‐Orts L, Couto D, Hothorn M. Identity and functions of inorganic and inositol polyphosphates in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:637-652. [PMID: 31423587 PMCID: PMC6973038 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic polyphosphates (polyPs) and inositol pyrophosphates (PP-InsPs) form important stores of inorganic phosphate and can act as energy metabolites and signaling molecules. Here we review our current understanding of polyP and inositol phosphate (InsP) metabolism and physiology in plants. We outline methods for polyP and InsP detection, discuss the known plant enzymes involved in their synthesis and breakdown, and summarize the potential physiological and signaling functions for these enigmatic molecules in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lorenzo‐Orts
- Structural Plant Biology LaboratoryDepartment of Botany and Plant BiologyUniversity of Geneva30 Quai E. AnsermetGeneva1211Switzerland
| | - Daniel Couto
- Structural Plant Biology LaboratoryDepartment of Botany and Plant BiologyUniversity of Geneva30 Quai E. AnsermetGeneva1211Switzerland
| | - Michael Hothorn
- Structural Plant Biology LaboratoryDepartment of Botany and Plant BiologyUniversity of Geneva30 Quai E. AnsermetGeneva1211Switzerland
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23
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Yakubovskaya E, Zaliznyak T, Martínez Martínez J, Taylor GT. Tear Down the Fluorescent Curtain: A New Fluorescence Suppression Method for Raman Microspectroscopic Analyses. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15785. [PMID: 31673106 PMCID: PMC6823364 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52321-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The near exponential proliferation of published Raman microspectroscopic applications over the last decade bears witness to the strengths and versatility of this technology. However, laser-induced fluorescence often severely impedes its application to biological samples. Here we report a new approach for near complete elimination of laser-induced background fluorescence in highly pigmented biological specimens (e.g., microalgae) enabling interrogation by Raman microspectroscopy. Our simple chemiphotobleaching method combines mild hydrogen peroxide oxidation with broad spectrum visible light irradiation of the entire specimen. This treatment permits observing intracellular distributions of macromolecular pools, isotopic tracers, and even viral propagation within cells previously not amenable to Raman microspectroscopic examination. Our approach demonstrates the potential for confocal Raman microspectroscopy becoming an indispensable tool to obtain spatially-resolved data on the chemical composition of highly fluorescent biological samples from individual cells to environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Yakubovskaya
- School Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Tatiana Zaliznyak
- School Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | | | - Gordon T Taylor
- School Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
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24
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Staal LB, Petersen AB, Jørgensen CA, Nielsen UG, Nielsen PH, Reitzel K. Extraction and quantification of polyphosphates in activated sludge from waste water treatment plants by 31P NMR spectroscopy. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 157:346-355. [PMID: 30965161 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polyphosphate (poly-P) is a major constituent in activated sludge from wastewater treatment plants with enhanced biological phosphorus removal due to poly-P synthesis by poly-P accumulating organisms where it plays an important role for recovery of phosphorus from waste water. Our aim was to develop a reliable protocol for poly-P quantification by 31P NMR spectroscopy. This has so far been complicated by the risks of inefficient extraction and poly-P hydrolysis in the extracts. A protocol for complete extraction, identification and quantification of poly-P in activated sludge from a waste water treatment plant was identified based on test and evaluation of existing extraction protocols in combination with poly-P determination and quantification by solution and solid state 31P NMR spectroscopy. The total poly-P middle group content was quantified by solid state NMR for comparison with the poly-P middle groups quantified by solution NMR, which is novel. Three different extraction protocols previously used in literature were compared: 1) a single 0.25 M NaOH-0.05 M EDTA extraction, 2) a 0.05 M EDTA pre-extraction followed by a 0.25 M NaOH main extraction and 3) a 0.05 M EDTA pre-extraction followed by a 0.25 M NaOH-0.05 M EDTA main extraction. The results showed that the extraction protocol 2 was optimal for fresh activated sludge, extracting 10.8 ± 0.4 to 11.4 ± 1.2 mgP/gDW poly-P. Extraction protocols 1 and 3 extracted less than 9.4 ± 0.5 mgP/gDW poly-P. A comparison of the quantification of poly-P by 31P solution NMR and by 31P solid state NMR spectroscopy of lyophilised activated sludge showed 86 ± 9% extraction efficiency of poly-P, which confirms that the extraction protocol recovered most of the poly-P from the samples without pronounced poly-P degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Boisen Staal
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Anne Boisen Petersen
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Charlotte A Jørgensen
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Ulla Gro Nielsen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Per Halkjær Nielsen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Kasper Reitzel
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark.
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25
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Guo G, Wu D, Ekama GA, Ivleva NP, Hao X, Dai J, Cui Y, Kumar Biswal B, Chen G. Investigation of multiple polymers in a denitrifying sulfur conversion-EBPR system: The structural dynamics and storage states. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 156:179-187. [PMID: 30913421 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), polyphosphate (poly-P) and polysulfide or elemental sulfur (poly-S) are the key functionally relevant polymers involved in the recently reported Denitrifying Sulfur conversion-associated Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal (DS-EBPR) process. However, little is known about the structural dynamics and storage states of these polymers. In particular, investigating the poly-S generated in this process is quite a superior challenge. This study was thus aimed at simultaneously qualitative-quantitative investigating poly-S and associated poly-P and PHAs through the integrated chemical analysis and Raman micro-spectroscopy coupled with multiple microscopic methods (i.e. optical microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and differential interference contrast microscopy). The chemical analytical results displayed a stable DS-EBPR phenotype in terms of sulfur conversion, P release/uptake and the dynamics of relevant polymers. The multiple microscopic images and Raman spectrum profiles further clearly demonstrated the existence of the polymers and their dynamic changes under alternating anaerobic-anoxic conditions, consistent with the chemical analytical results. In particular, Raman analysis for the first time unraveled the co-existence of S0/Sn2- species stored either intracellularly or extracellularly; and the dynamic conversions between S0/Sn2- and other sulfur species suggest that there might be a universal pool of bioavailable sulfur. The results reveal the mechanisms underlying the structural dynamics and changes in storage states of the relevant polymers that are functionally relevant to the carbon/phosphorus/sulfur-cycles during different metabolic phases. These mechanisms would otherwise not be obtained only using a traditional chemical analysis-based approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Key Laboratory of Water and Wastewater Treatment (HUST), MOHURD, Wuhan, 430074, China; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Branch of the Chinese, National Engineering Research Center for Control, Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Branch of the Chinese, National Engineering Research Center for Control, Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Wastewater Treatment Laboratory, FYT Graduate School, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, Guangzhou, China.
| | - George A Ekama
- Water Research Group, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Natalia P Ivleva
- Chair for Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Institute of Hydrochemistry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Xiaodi Hao
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Beijing Advanced Innovation Center of Future Urban Design, Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Ji Dai
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Branch of the Chinese, National Engineering Research Center for Control, Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanxiang Cui
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Branch of the Chinese, National Engineering Research Center for Control, Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Basanta Kumar Biswal
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Branch of the Chinese, National Engineering Research Center for Control, Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guanghao Chen
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Branch of the Chinese, National Engineering Research Center for Control, Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Wastewater Treatment Laboratory, FYT Graduate School, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, Guangzhou, China
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26
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Re-evaluating the microbiology of the enhanced biological phosphorus removal process. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2019; 57:111-118. [PMID: 30959426 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We have critically assessed some of the dogmas in the microbiology of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) and argue that the genus Tetrasphaera can be as important as Ca. Accumulibacter for phosphorus removal; and that proliferation of their competitors, the glycogen accumulating organisms, does not appear to be a practical problem for EBPR efficiency even under tropical conditions. An increasing number of EBPR-related genomes are changing our understanding of their physiology, for example, their potential to participate in denitrification. Rather than trying to identify organisms that adhere to strict phenotype metabolic models, we advocate for broader analyses of the whole microbial communities in EBPR plants by iterative studies with isolates, lab enrichments, and full-scale systems.
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27
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Resolving the individual contribution of key microbial populations to enhanced biological phosphorus removal with Raman-FISH. ISME JOURNAL 2019; 13:1933-1946. [PMID: 30894691 PMCID: PMC6776032 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-019-0399-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) is a globally important biotechnological process and relies on the massive accumulation of phosphate within special microorganisms. Candidatus Accumulibacter conform to the classical physiology model for polyphosphate accumulating organisms and are widely believed to be the most important player for the process in full-scale EBPR systems. However, it was impossible till now to quantify the contribution of specific microbial clades to EBPR. In this study, we have developed a new tool to directly link the identity of microbial cells to the absolute quantification of intracellular poly-P and other polymers under in situ conditions, and applied it to eight full-scale EBPR plants. Besides Ca. Accumulibacter, members of the genus Tetrasphaera were found to be important microbes for P accumulation, and in six plants they were the most important. As these Tetrasphaera cells did not exhibit the classical phenotype of poly-P accumulating microbes, our entire understanding of the microbiology of the EBPR process has to be revised. Furthermore, our new single-cell approach can now also be applied to quantify storage polymer dynamics in individual populations in situ in other ecosystems and might become a valuable tool for many environmental microbiologists.
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28
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Lee KS, Palatinszky M, Pereira FC, Nguyen J, Fernandez VI, Mueller AJ, Menolascina F, Daims H, Berry D, Wagner M, Stocker R. An automated Raman-based platform for the sorting of live cells by functional properties. Nat Microbiol 2019; 4:1035-1048. [PMID: 30886359 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-019-0394-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Stable-isotope probing is widely used to study the function of microbial taxa in their natural environment, but sorting of isotopically labelled microbial cells from complex samples for subsequent genomic analysis or cultivation is still in its early infancy. Here, we introduce an optofluidic platform for automated sorting of stable-isotope-probing-labelled microbial cells, combining microfluidics, optical tweezing and Raman microspectroscopy, which yields live cells suitable for subsequent single-cell genomics, mini-metagenomics or cultivation. We describe the design and optimization of this Raman-activated cell-sorting approach, illustrate its operation with four model bacteria (two intestinal, one soil and one marine) and demonstrate its high sorting accuracy (98.3 ± 1.7%), throughput (200-500 cells h-1; 3.3-8.3 cells min-1) and compatibility with cultivation. Application of this sorting approach for the metagenomic characterization of bacteria involved in mucin degradation in the mouse colon revealed a diverse consortium of bacteria, including several members of the underexplored family Muribaculaceae, highlighting both the complexity of this niche and the potential of Raman-activated cell sorting for identifying key players in targeted processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Soo Lee
- Ralph M. Parsons Laboratory for Environmental Science and Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Institute for Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Márton Palatinszky
- Center of Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fátima C Pereira
- Center of Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jen Nguyen
- Ralph M. Parsons Laboratory for Environmental Science and Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Institute for Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vicente I Fernandez
- Ralph M. Parsons Laboratory for Environmental Science and Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Institute for Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna J Mueller
- Center of Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Filippo Menolascina
- School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Holger Daims
- Center of Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,The Comammox Research Platform, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Berry
- Center of Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Wagner
- Center of Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,The Comammox Research Platform, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roman Stocker
- Ralph M. Parsons Laboratory for Environmental Science and Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Institute for Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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29
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Li Y, Rahman SM, Li G, Fowle W, Nielsen PH, Gu AZ. The Composition and Implications of Polyphosphate-Metal in Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal Systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:1536-1544. [PMID: 30589545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b06827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The individual cellular level and quantitative Polyphosphate (PolyP)-metal compositions in EBPR (enhanced biological phosphorus removal) systems have hardly been investigated and its potential link to EBPR performance therefore remain largely unknown. In this study, we applied scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) method that enabled detection and semiquantification of metal elemental compositions in intact intracellular PolyP granules in individual PAO (polyphosphate accumulating organism) cells. We, for the first time, revealed diverse and dynamic distributions of different metals ions in the PolyP-metal granules in different EBPR systems operated with the same influent metal composition but varying SRT of 5-30 days. We further demonstrated that the PolyP-metal composition diversity correlated with 16S rRNA gene based PAO phylogenetic diversity, suggesting the possible phylogeny-dependent PolyP-metal composition variation. The impact of PolyP metal composition in EBPR system, especially the Mg content in PolyP granules, was evidenced by the significant and strong positive correlation between PolyP-Mg content and the long-term stability of the four EBPR systems with varying SRTs. The PolyP-Mg content can therefore possibly serve as an indicator for EBPR performance monitoring. The results demonstrated that phenotyping techniques, such as PolyP-metal-based profiling, in compliment, or combined with genotyping techniques such as phylogenetic and functional gene sequencing, can provide more insights into the mechanisms and performance prediction of this important microbial ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyun Li
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Sheikh Mokhlesur Rahman
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Gungyu Li
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - William Fowle
- Biology Department , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Per Halkjær Nielsen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience , Aalborg University , Aalborg , Denmark
| | - April Z Gu
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
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30
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Li Y, Cope HA, Rahman SM, Li G, Nielsen PH, Elfick A, Gu AZ. Toward Better Understanding of EBPR Systems via Linking Raman-Based Phenotypic Profiling with Phylogenetic Diversity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:8596-8606. [PMID: 29943965 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study reports a proof-of concept study to demonstrate the novel approach of phenotyping microbial communities in enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) systems using single cell Raman microspectroscopy and link it with phylogentic structures. We use hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) of single-cell Raman spectral fingerprints and intracellular polymer signatures to separate and classify the functionally relevant populations in EBPR systems, namely polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) and glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs), as well as other microbial populations. We then investigated the link between Raman-based community phenotyping and 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic characterization of four lab-scale EBPR systems with varying solid retention time (SRT) to gain insights into possible genotype-function relationships. Combined and simultaneous phylogenetic and phenotypic evaluation of EBPR ecosystems revealed SRT-dependent phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of the PAOs and GAOs, and their association with EBPR performance. The phenotypic diversity and plasticity of PAO populations, which otherwise could not be obtained with phylogenetic analysis alone, showed complex but potentially crucial association with EBPR process stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyun Li
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Helen A Cope
- School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering , The University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , U.K
| | - Sheikh M Rahman
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Guangyu Li
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Per Halkjær Nielsen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience , Aalborg University , Aalborg , Denmark
| | - Alistair Elfick
- School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering , The University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , U.K
| | - April Z Gu
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
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31
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McIlroy SJ, Onetto CA, McIlroy B, Herbst FA, Dueholm MS, Kirkegaard RH, Fernando E, Karst SM, Nierychlo M, Kristensen JM, Eales KL, Grbin PR, Wimmer R, Nielsen PH. Genomic and in Situ Analyses Reveal the Micropruina spp. as Abundant Fermentative Glycogen Accumulating Organisms in Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal Systems. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1004. [PMID: 29875741 PMCID: PMC5974061 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) involves the cycling of biomass through carbon-rich (feast) and carbon-deficient (famine) conditions, promoting the activity of polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). However, several alternate metabolic strategies, without polyphosphate storage, are possessed by other organisms, which can compete with the PAO for carbon at the potential expense of EBPR efficiency. The most studied are the glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs), which utilize aerobically stored glycogen to energize anaerobic substrate uptake and storage. In full-scale systems the Micropruina spp. are among the most abundant of the proposed GAO, yet little is known about their ecophysiology. In the current study, genomic and metabolomic studies were performed on Micropruina glycogenica str. Lg2T and compared to the in situ physiology of members of the genus in EBPR plants using state-of-the-art single cell techniques. The Micropruina spp. were observed to take up carbon, including sugars and amino acids, under anaerobic conditions, which were partly fermented to lactic acid, acetate, propionate, and ethanol, and partly stored as glycogen for potential aerobic use. Fermentation was not directly demonstrated for the abundant members of the genus in situ, but was strongly supported by the confirmation of anaerobic uptake of carbon and glycogen storage in the absence of detectable polyhydroxyalkanoates or polyphosphate reserves. This physiology is markedly different from the classical GAO model. The amount of carbon stored by fermentative organisms has potentially important implications for phosphorus removal – as they compete for substrates with the Tetrasphaera PAO and stored carbon is not made available to the “Candidatus Accumulibacter” PAO under anaerobic conditions. This study shows that the current models of the competition between PAO and GAO are too simplistic and may need to be revised to take into account the impact of potential carbon storage by fermentative organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J McIlroy
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Cristobal A Onetto
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Bianca McIlroy
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Florian-Alexander Herbst
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Morten S Dueholm
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Rasmus H Kirkegaard
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Eustace Fernando
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Søren M Karst
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Marta Nierychlo
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jannie M Kristensen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Kathryn L Eales
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Paul R Grbin
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Reinhard Wimmer
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Per Halkjær Nielsen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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32
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Huang R, Wan B, Hultz M, Diaz JM, Tang Y. Phosphatase-Mediated Hydrolysis of Linear Polyphosphates. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:1183-1190. [PMID: 29359927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polyphosphates are a group of phosphorus (P) containing molecules that are produced by a wide range of microorganisms and human activities. Although polyphosphates are ubiquitous in aquatic environments and are of environmental significance, little is known about their transformation and cycling. This study characterized the polyphopshate-hydrolysis mechanisms of several representative phosphatase enzymes and evaluated the effects of polyphosphate chain length, light condition, and calcium (Ca2+). 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to monitor the dynamic changes of P molecular configuration during polyphosphate hydrolysis and suggested a terminal-only degradation pathway by the enzymes. Such mechanism enabled the quantification of the hydrolysis rates by measuring orthophosphate production over time. At the same initial concentration of polyphosphate molecules, the hydrolysis rates were independent of chain length. The hydrolysis of polyphosphate was also unaffected by light condition, but was reduced by the presence of Ca2+. The released orthophosphates formed Ca-phosphate precipitates in the presence of Ca2+, likely in amorphous phases. Results from this study lay the foundation for better understanding the chemical processes governing polyphosphate transport and transformation in various environmental settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rixiang Huang
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30324-0340, United States
| | - Biao Wan
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30324-0340, United States
| | - Margot Hultz
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30324-0340, United States
| | - Julia M Diaz
- Department of Marine Sciences, Skidaway Institute of Oceanography, University of Georgia , Savannah, Georgia 31411, United States
| | - Yuanzhi Tang
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30324-0340, United States
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Wang X, Wang X, Hui K, Wei W, Zhang W, Miao A, Xiao L, Yang L. Highly Effective Polyphosphate Synthesis, Phosphate Removal, and Concentration Using Engineered Environmental Bacteria Based on a Simple Solo Medium-Copy Plasmid Strategy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:214-222. [PMID: 29190088 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Microbial polyphosphate (polyP) production is vital to the removal of phosphate from wastewater. However, to date, engineered polyP synthesis using genetically accessible environmental bacteria remains a challenge. This study develops a simple solo medium-copy plasmid-based polyphosphate kinase (PPK1) overexpression strategy for achieving maximum intracellular polyphosphate accumulation by environmental bacteria. The polyP content of the subsequently engineered Citrobacter freundii (CPP) could reach as high as 12.7% of its dry weight. The biomass yield of CPP was also guaranteed because of negligible metabolic burden effects resulting from the medium plasmid copy number. Consequently, substantial removal of phosphate (Pi) from the ambient environment was achieved simultaneously. Because of the need for exogenous Pi for in vivo ATP regeneration, CPP could thoroughly remove Pi from synthetic municipal wastewater when it was applied for the "one-step" removal of Pi with a bench-scale sequence batch membrane reactor. Almost all the phosphorus except for that assimilated by CPP for cellular growth could be recovered in the form of more concentrated Pi. Overall, engineering environmental bacteria to overexpress PPK1 via a solo medium-copy plasmid strategy may represent a valuable general option for not only biotechnological research based on sufficient intracellular polyP production but also removal of Pi from wastewater and Pi enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210046, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210046, P. R. China
| | - Kaimin Hui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210046, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Science, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210046, P. R. China
| | - Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210046, P. R. China
| | - Aijun Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210046, P. R. China
| | - Lin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210046, P. R. China
| | - Liuyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210046, P. R. China
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Wang D, Fu Q, Xu Q, Liu Y, Hao Ngo H, Yang Q, Zeng G, Li X, Ni BJ. Free nitrous acid-based nitrifying sludge treatment in a two-sludge system enhances nutrient removal from low-carbon wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 244:920-928. [PMID: 28847081 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A new method to enhance nutrient removal from low carbon-wastewater was developed. The method consists of a two-sludge system (i.e., an anaerobic-anoxic-oxic reactor coupled to a nitrifying reactor (N-SBR)) and a nitrifying-sludge treatment unit using free nitrous acid (FNA). Initially, 65.1±2.9% in total nitrogen removal and 69.6±3.4% in phosphate removal were obtained without nitrite accumulation. When 1/16 of the nitrifying sludge was daily treated with FNA at 1.1mgN/L for 24h, ∼28.5% of nitrite was accumulated in the N-SBR, and total nitrogen and phosphate removal increased to 72.4±3.2% and 76.7±2.9%, respectively. About 67.8% of nitrite was accumulated at 1.9mgN/L FNA, resulting in 82.9±3.8% in total nitrogen removal and 87.9±3.5% in phosphate removal. Fluorescence in-situ hybridization analysis showed that FNA treatment reduced the abundance of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB), especially that of Nitrospira sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbo Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Qizi Fu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Qiuxiang Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Qi Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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Huang R, Tang Y. Evolution of phosphorus complexation and mineralogy during (hydro)thermal treatments of activated and anaerobically digested sludge: Insights from sequential extraction and P K-edge XANES. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 100:439-447. [PMID: 27232988 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
(Hydro)thermal treatments of sewage sludge is a promising option that can simultaneously target safe waste disposal, energy recovery, and nutrient recovery/recycling. The speciation of phosphorus (P) in sludge is of great relevance to P reclamation/recycling and soil application of sludge-derived products, thus it is critical to understand the effects of different treatment techniques and conditions on P speciation. This study systematically characterized P speciation (i.e. complexation and mineral forms) in chars derived from pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of municipal sewage sludges. Combined sequential extraction and P K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy analysis revealed the dependence of P transformation on treatment conditions and metal composition in the feedstocks. Pyrolysis of sludges decreased the relative abundance of phytic acid while increased the abundance of Al-associated P. HTC thoroughly homogenized and exposed P for interaction with various metals/minerals, with the final P speciation closely related to the composition/speciation of metals and their affinities to P. Results from this study revealed the mechanisms of P transformation during (hydro)thermal treatments of sewage sludges, and might be applicable to other biosolids. It also provided fundamental knowledge basis for the design and selection of waste management strategies for better P (re)cycling and reclamation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rixiang Huang
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30324-0340, USA
| | - Yuanzhi Tang
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30324-0340, USA.
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36
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Moudříková Š, Mojzeš P, Zachleder V, Pfaff C, Behrendt D, Nedbal L. Raman and fluorescence microscopy sensing energy-transducing and energy-storing structures in microalgae. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Tarayre C, Nguyen HT, Brognaux A, Delepierre A, De Clercq L, Charlier R, Michels E, Meers E, Delvigne F. Characterisation of Phosphate Accumulating Organisms and Techniques for Polyphosphate Detection: A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016; 16:E797. [PMID: 27258275 PMCID: PMC4934223 DOI: 10.3390/s16060797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Phosphate minerals have long been used for the production of phosphorus-based chemicals used in many economic sectors. However, these resources are not renewable and the natural phosphate stocks are decreasing. In this context, the research of new phosphate sources has become necessary. Many types of wastes contain non-negligible phosphate concentrations, such as wastewater. In wastewater treatment plants, phosphorus is eliminated by physicochemical and/or biological techniques. In this latter case, a specific microbiota, phosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs), accumulates phosphate as polyphosphate. This molecule can be considered as an alternative phosphate source, and is directly extracted from wastewater generated by human activities. This review focuses on the techniques which can be applied to enrich and try to isolate these PAOs, and to detect the presence of polyphosphate in microbial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Tarayre
- Microbial Processes and Interactions, Bât. G1 Bio-Industries, Passage des Déportés 2, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Huu-Thanh Nguyen
- Natural Products and Industrial Biochemistry Research Group (NPIB), Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, 19 Nguyen Huu Tho, Tan Phong Ward, District 7, 700000 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Microbial Processes and Interactions, Bât. G1 Bio-Industries, Passage des Déportés 2, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Alison Brognaux
- Microbial Processes and Interactions, Bât. G1 Bio-Industries, Passage des Déportés 2, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Anissa Delepierre
- Microbial Processes and Interactions, Bât. G1 Bio-Industries, Passage des Déportés 2, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Lies De Clercq
- Department of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Raphaëlle Charlier
- Microbial Processes and Interactions, Bât. G1 Bio-Industries, Passage des Déportés 2, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Evi Michels
- Department of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Erik Meers
- Department of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Frank Delvigne
- Natural Products and Industrial Biochemistry Research Group (NPIB), Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, 19 Nguyen Huu Tho, Tan Phong Ward, District 7, 700000 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Microbial Processes and Interactions, Bât. G1 Bio-Industries, Passage des Déportés 2, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
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38
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Song Y, Yin H, Huang WE. Raman activated cell sorting. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2016; 33:1-8. [PMID: 27100046 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Single cell Raman spectra (SCRS) are intrinsic biochemical profiles and 'chemical images' of single cells which can be used to characterise phenotypic changes, physiological states and functions of cells. On the base of SCRS, Raman activated cell sorting (RACS) provides a label-free cell sorting approach, which can link single cells to their chemical or phenotypic profiles. Overcoming naturally weak Raman signals, establishing Raman biomarker as sorting criteria to RACS and improving specific sorting technology are three challenges of developing RACS. Advances on Raman spectroscopy such as stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and pre-screening helped to increase RACS sorting speed. Entire SCRS can be characterised using pattern recognition methods, and specific Raman bands can be extracted as biomarkers for RACS. Recent advances on cell sorting technologies based on microfluidic device and surface-ejection enable accurate and reliable single cell sorting from complex samples. A high throughput RACS will be achievable in near future by integrating fast Raman detection system such as SRS with microfluidic RACS and Raman activated cell ejection (RACE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhi Song
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK
| | - Huabing Yin
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Wei E Huang
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK.
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Huang R, Tang Y. Speciation Dynamics of Phosphorus during (Hydro)Thermal Treatments of Sewage Sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:14466-74. [PMID: 26633236 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
(Hydro)thermal treatments of sewage sludge from wastewater treatment process can significantly reduce waste volume and transform sludge into valuable products such as pyrochar and hydrochar. Given the global concern with phosphorus (P) resource depletion, P recycling/reclamation from or direct soil application of the derived chars can be potential P recycling practices. In order to evaluate P recyclability as well as the selection and optimization of treatment techniques, it is critical to understand the effects of different treatment techniques and conditions on P speciation and distribution. In the present study, we systematically characterized P speciation in chars derived from thermal (i.e., pyrolysis) and hydrothermal treatments of municipal sewage sludge using complementary chemical extraction and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy methods. P species in the raw activated sludge was dominated by orthophosphate and long-chain polyphosphates, whereas increased amounts of pyrophosphate and short-chain polyphosphates formed after pyrolysis at 250-600 °C. In contrast, hydrothermal treatments resulted in the production of only inorganic orthophosphate in the hydrochar. In addition to the change of molecular speciation, thermal treatments also altered the physical state and extractability of different P species in the pyrochars from pyrolysis, with both total P and polyphosphate being less extractable with increasing pyrolysis temperature. Results from this study suggest that P speciation and availability in sludge-derived chars are tunable by varying treatment techniques and conditions, and provide fundamental knowledge basis for the design and selection of waste management strategies for better nutrient (re)cycling and reclamation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rixiang Huang
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, Georgia 30324-0340, United States
| | - Yuanzhi Tang
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, Georgia 30324-0340, United States
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40
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Akiva A, Malkinson G, Masic A, Kerschnitzki M, Bennet M, Fratzl P, Addadi L, Weiner S, Yaniv K. On the pathway of mineral deposition in larval zebrafish caudal fin bone. Bone 2015; 75:192-200. [PMID: 25725266 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A poorly understood aspect of bone biomineralization concerns the mechanisms whereby ions are sequestered from the environment, concentrated, and deposited in the extracellular matrix. In this study, we follow mineral deposition in the caudal fin of the zebrafish larva in vivo. Using fluorescence and cryo-SEM-microscopy, in combination with Raman and XRF spectroscopy, we detect the presence of intracellular mineral particles located between bones, and in close association with blood vessels. Calcium-rich particles are also located away from the mineralized bone, and these are also in close association with blood vessels. These observations challenge the view that mineral formation is restricted to osteoblast cells juxtaposed to bone, or to the extracellular matrix. Our results, derived from observations performed in living animals, contribute a new perspective to the comprehensive mechanism of bone formation in vertebrates, from the blood to the bone. More broadly, these findings may shed light on bone mineralization processes in other vertebrates, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Akiva
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Guy Malkinson
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Admir Masic
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Michael Kerschnitzki
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mathieu Bennet
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Lia Addadi
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Steve Weiner
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Karina Yaniv
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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41
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Eder SHK, Gigler AM, Hanzlik M, Winklhofer M. Sub-micrometer-scale mapping of magnetite crystals and sulfur globules in magnetotactic bacteria using confocal Raman micro-spectrometry. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107356. [PMID: 25233081 PMCID: PMC4169400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ferrimagnetic mineral magnetite Fe3O4 is biomineralized by magnetotactic microorganisms and a diverse range of animals. Here we demonstrate that confocal Raman microscopy can be used to visualize chains of magnetite crystals in magnetotactic bacteria, even though magnetite is a poor Raman scatterer and in bacteria occurs in typical grain sizes of only 35-120 nm, well below the diffraction-limited optical resolution. When using long integration times together with low laser power (<0.25 mW) to prevent laser induced damage of magnetite, we can identify and map magnetite by its characteristic Raman spectrum (303, 535, 665 cm(-1)) against a large autofluorescence background in our natural magnetotactic bacteria samples. While greigite (cubic Fe3S4; Raman lines of 253 and 351 cm(-1)) is often found in the Deltaproteobacteria class, it is not present in our samples. In intracellular sulfur globules of Candidatus Magnetobacterium bavaricum (Nitrospirae), we identified the sole presence of cyclo-octasulfur (S8: 151, 219, 467 cm(-1)), using green (532 nm), red (638 nm) and near-infrared excitation (785 nm). The Raman-spectra of phosphorous-rich intracellular accumulations point to orthophosphate in magnetic vibrios and to polyphosphate in magnetic cocci. Under green excitation, the cell envelopes are dominated by the resonant Raman lines of the heme cofactor of the b or c-type cytochrome, which can be used as a strong marker for label-free live-cell imaging of bacterial cytoplasmic membranes, as well as an indicator for the redox state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan H. K. Eder
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander M. Gigler
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Munich, Germany
| | - Marianne Hanzlik
- Department of Chemistry, Elektronenmikroskopie, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Winklhofer
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
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42
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Colocation and role of polyphosphates and alkaline phosphatase in apatite biomineralization of elasmobranch tesserae. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:3899-910. [PMID: 24948547 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Elasmobranchs (e.g. sharks and rays), like all fishes, grow continuously throughout life. Unlike other vertebrates, their skeletons are primarily cartilaginous, comprising a hyaline cartilage-like core, stiffened by a thin outer array of mineralized, abutting and interconnected tiles called tesserae. Tesserae bear active mineralization fronts at all margins and the tesseral layer is thin enough to section without decalcifying, making this a tractable but largely unexamined system for investigating controlled apatite mineralization, while also offering a potential analog for endochondral ossification. The chemical mechanism for tesserae mineralization has not been described, but has been previously attributed to spherical precursors, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Here, we use a variety of techniques to elucidate the involvement of phosphorus-containing precursors in the formation of tesserae at their mineralization fronts. Using Raman spectroscopy, fluorescence microscopy and histological methods, we demonstrate that ALP activity is located with inorganic phosphate polymers (polyP) at the tessera-uncalcified cartilage interface, suggesting a potential mechanism for regulated mineralization: inorganic phosphate (Pi) can be cleaved from polyP by ALP, thus making Pi locally available for apatite biomineralization. The application of exogenous ALP to tissue cross-sections resulted in the disappearance of polyP and the appearance of Pi in uncalcified cartilage adjacent to mineralization fronts. We propose that elasmobranch skeletal cells control apatite biomineralization by biochemically controlling polyP and ALP production, placement and activity. Previous identification of polyP and ALP shown previously in mammalian calcifying cartilage supports the hypothesis that this mechanism may be a general regulating feature in the mineralization of vertebrate skeletons.
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43
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Wang X, Wang Y, Zhang X, Feng H, Li C, Xu T. Phosphate Recovery from Excess Sludge by Conventional Electrodialysis (CED) and Electrodialysis with Bipolar Membranes (EDBM). Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie4014088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft
Matter Chemistry, Laboratory of Functional Membranes, School of Chemistry
and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaoming Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft
Matter Chemistry, Laboratory of Functional Membranes, School of Chemistry
and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft
Matter Chemistry, Laboratory of Functional Membranes, School of Chemistry
and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft
Matter Chemistry, Laboratory of Functional Membranes, School of Chemistry
and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuanrun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft
Matter Chemistry, Laboratory of Functional Membranes, School of Chemistry
and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tongwen Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft
Matter Chemistry, Laboratory of Functional Membranes, School of Chemistry
and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
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44
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Advances in techniques for phosphorus analysis in biological sources. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2012; 23:852-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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45
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Wang D, Li X, Yang Q, Zheng W, Wu Y, Zeng T, Zeng G. Improved biological phosphorus removal performance driven by the aerobic/extended-idle regime with propionate as the sole carbon source. WATER RESEARCH 2012; 46:3868-3878. [PMID: 22609408 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 04/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies proved that biological phosphorus removal (BPR) could be achieved in an aerobic/extended-idle (AEI) process employing two typical substrates of glucose and acetate as the carbon sources. This paper further evaluated the feasibility of another important substrate, propionate, serving as the carbon source for BPR in the AEI process, and compared the BPR performance between the AEI and anaerobic/oxic (A/O) processes. Two sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were operated, respectively, as the AEI and A/O regimes for BPR using propionate as the sole substrate. The results showed that the AEI-reactor removed 2.98 ± 0.04-4.06 ± 0.06 mg of phosphorus per g of total suspended solids during the course of the steady operational trial, and the phosphorus content of the dried sludge was reached 8.0 ± 0.4% after 56-day operation, demonstrating the good performance of phosphorus removal. Then, the efficiencies of BPR and the transformations of the intracellular storages were compared between two SBRs. It was observed that the phosphorus removal efficiency was maintained around 95% in the AEI-reactor, and about 83% in the A/O-reactor, although the latter showed much greater transformations of both polyhydroxyalkanoates and glycogen. The facts clearly showed that BPR could be enhanced by the AEI regime using propionate as the carbon source. Finally, the mechanisms for the propionate fed AEI-reactor improving BPR were investigated. It was found that the sludge cultured by the AEI regime had more polyphosphate containing cells than that by the A/O regime. Further investigation revealed that the residual nitrate generated in the last aerobic period was readily deteriorated BPR in the A/O-SBR, but a slight deterioration was observed in the AEI-SBR. Moreover, the lower glycogen transformation measured in the AEI-SBR indicated that the biomass cultured by the AEI regime contained less glycogen accumulating organisms activities than that by the A/O regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
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46
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Tocchi C, Federici E, Fidati L, Manzi R, Vinciguerra V, Petruccioli M. Aerobic treatment of dairy wastewater in an industrial three-reactor plant: effect of aeration regime on performances and on protozoan and bacterial communities. WATER RESEARCH 2012; 46:3334-3344. [PMID: 22503428 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 03/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
An industrial three-reactor plant treating 45 m(3) d(-1) of dairy wastewater was monitored to investigate the effect of different aeration regimes on performance efficiency and to find relationships with bacterial and protozoan communities in the activated sludge. During the study, the plant was maintained at six different "on/off" cycles of the blower (45/15, 15/15, 15/45, 30/30, 30/45 and 30/60 min), providing between 30.2 and 90.6 kg O(2) d(-1), and the main chemical/biochemical parameters (COD, BOD, NH(4)(+), NO(2)(-), NO(3)(-), PO(4)(3-), etc.) were determined. When at least 45.4 kg O(2) d(-1) (30/45) were provided, COD removal efficiencies were always in the range 88-94% but decreased to about 70% under aeration regimes 15/45 and 30/60. Ammonium ion degradation performance was compromised only in the lowest aeration regime (15/45). Total number of protozoa and their species richness, and bacterial viable counts and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles were used to characterize the microbiota of the activated sludge. Cell abundances and community structures of protozoa and bacteria were very similar in the three aerated reactors but changed with the aeration regimes. In particular, the 15/45 and 30/60 regimes led to low protozoan diversity with prevalence of flagellates of the genus Trepomonas at the expense of the mobile and sessile forms and, thus, to a less efficient activated sludge as indicated by Sludge Biotic Index values (3 and 4.5 for the two regimes, respectively). The structure of the bacterial community strongly changed when the aeration regimes varied, as indicated by the low similarity values between the DGGE profiles. On the contrary, number of viable bacteria and values of the biodiversity index remained stable throughout the whole experimentation. Taken together, the results of the present study clearly indicate that aeration regime variations strongly influence the structure of both protozoan and bacterial communities and, above all, that a high biodiversity among protozoan populations in the activated sludge is prerequisite for high performances in dairy wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Tocchi
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
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47
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Majed N, Chernenko T, Diem M, Gu AZ. Identification of functionally relevant populations in enhanced biological phosphorus removal processes based on intracellular polymers profiles and insights into the metabolic diversity and heterogeneity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:5010-5017. [PMID: 22471394 DOI: 10.1021/es300044h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study proposed and demonstrated the application of a new Raman microscopy-based method for metabolic state-based identification and quantification of functionally relevant populations, namely polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) and glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs), in enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) system via simultaneous detection of multiple intracellular polymers including polyphosphate (polyP), glycogen, and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB). The unique Raman spectrum of different combinations of intracellular polymers within a cell at a given stage of the EBPR cycle allowed for its identification as PAO, GAO, or neither. The abundance of total PAOs and GAOs determined by Raman method were consistent with those obtained with polyP staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Different combinations and quantities of intracellular polymer inclusions observed in single cells revealed the distribution of different sub-PAOs groups among the total PAO populations, which exhibit phenotypic and metabolic heterogeneity and diversity. These results also provided evidence for the hypothesis that different PAOs may employ different extents of combination of glycolysis and TCA cycle pathways for anaerobic reducing power and energy generation and it is possible that some PAOs may rely on TCA cycle solely without glycolysis. Sum of cellular level quantification of the internal polymers associated with different population groups showed differentiated and distributed trends of glycogen and PHB level between PAOs and GAOs, which could not be elucidated before with conventional bulk measurements of EBPR mixed cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehreen Majed
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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48
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Bucci V, Majed N, Hellweger FL, Gu AZ. Heterogeneity of intracellular polymer storage states in enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR)--observation and modeling. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:3244-3252. [PMID: 22360302 DOI: 10.1021/es204052p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A number of agent-based models (ABMs) for biological wastewater treatment processes have been developed, but their skill in predicting heterogeneity of intracellular storage states has not been tested against observations due to the lack of analytical methods for measuring single-cell intracellular properties. Further, several mechanisms can produce and maintain heterogeneity (e.g., different histories, uneven division) and their relative importance has not been explored. This article presents an ABM for the enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) treatment process that resolves heterogeneity in three intracellular polymer storage compounds (i.e., polyphosphate, polyhydroxybutyrate, and glycogen) in three functional microbial populations (i.e., polyphosphate-accumulating, glycogen-accumulating, and ordinary heterotrophic organisms). Model predicted distributions were compared to those based on single-cell estimates obtained using a Raman microscopy method for a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system. The model can reproduce many features of the observed heterogeneity. Two methods for introducing heterogeneity were evaluated. First, biological variability in individual cell behavior was simulated by randomizing model parameters (e.g., maximum acetate uptake rate) at division. This method produced the best fit to the data. An optimization algorithm was used to determine the best variability (i.e., coefficient of variance) for each parameter, which suggests large variability in acetate uptake. Second, biological variability in individual cell states was simulated by randomizing state variables (e.g., internal nutrient) at division, which was not able to maintain heterogeneity because the memory in the internal states is too short. These results demonstrate the ability of ABM to predict heterogeneity and provide insights into the factors that contribute to it. Comparison of the ABM with an equivalent population-level model illustrates the effect of accounting for the heterogeneity in models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanni Bucci
- Dept of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston Massachusetts 02115, United States
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Gonzalez-Gil G, Holliger C. Dynamics of microbial community structure of and enhanced biological phosphorus removal by aerobic granules cultivated on propionate or acetate. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:8041-51. [PMID: 21926195 PMCID: PMC3208982 DOI: 10.1128/aem.05738-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aerobic granules are dense microbial aggregates with the potential to replace floccular sludge for the treatment of wastewaters. In bubble-column sequencing batch reactors, distinct microbial populations dominated propionate- and acetate-cultivated aerobic granules after 50 days of reactor operation when only carbon removal was detected. Propionate granules were dominated by Zoogloea (40%), Acidovorax, and Thiothrix, whereas acetate granules were mainly dominated by Thiothrix (60%). Thereafter, an exponential increase in enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) activity was observed in the propionate granules, but a linear and erratic increase was detected in the acetate ones. Besides Accumulibacter and Competibacter, other bacterial populations found in both granules were associated with Chloroflexus and Acidovorax. The EBPR activity in the propionate granules was high and stable, whereas EBPR in the acetate granules was erratic throughout the study and suffered from a deterioration period that could be readily reversed by inducing hydrolysis of polyphosphate in presumably saturated Accumulibacter cells. Using a new ppk1 gene-based dual terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) approach revealed that Accumulibacter diversity was highest in the floccular sludge inoculum but that when granules were formed, propionate readily favored the dominance of Accumulibacter type IIA. In contrast, acetate granules exhibited transient shifts between type I and type II before the granules were dominated by Accumulibacter type IIA. However, ppk1 gene sequences from acetate granules clustered separately from those of propionate granules. Our data indicate that the mere presence of Accumulibacter is not enough to have consistently high EBPR but that the type of Accumulibacter determines the robustness of the phosphate removal process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela Gonzalez-Gil
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology (LBE), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christof Holliger
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology (LBE), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Zhang H, Dong F, Jiang T, Wei Y, Wang T, Yang F. Aerobic granulation with low strength wastewater at low aeration rate in A/O/A SBR reactor. Enzyme Microb Technol 2011; 49:215-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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